Journal articles: 'Plant 3D modeling'

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Chang, Wushuai, Weiliang Wen, Chenxi Zheng, Xianju Lu, Bo Chen, Ruiqi Li, and Xinyu Guo. "Geometric Wheat Modeling and Quantitative Plant Architecture Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Phytomers." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030445.

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The characterization, analysis, and evaluation of morphology and structure are crucial in wheat research. Quantitative and fine characterization of wheat morphology and structure from a three-dimensional (3D) perspective has great theoretical significance and application value in plant architecture identification, high light efficiency breeding, and cultivation. This study proposes a geometric modeling method of wheat plants based on the 3D phytomer concept. Specifically, 3D plant architecture parameters at the organ, phytomer, single stem, and individual plant scales were extracted based on the geometric models. Furthermore, plant architecture vector (PA) was proposed to comprehensively evaluate wheat plant architecture, including convergence index (C), leaf structure index (L), phytomer structure index (PHY), and stem structure index (S). The proposed method could quickly and efficiently achieve 3D wheat plant modeling by assembling 3D phytomers. In addition, the extracted PA quantifies the plant architecture differences in multi-scales among different cultivars, thus, realizing a shift from the traditional qualitative to quantitative analysis of plant architecture. Overall, this study promotes the application of the 3D phytomer concept to multi-tiller crops, thereby providing a theoretical and technical basis for 3D plant modeling and plant architecture quantification in wheat.

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Tian, Chun Yao, and Guo You Li. "A Virtual Reality Based 3D Simulation Modeling of Ethylene Cracking Plant." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 3110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3110.

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Using virtual reality computer simulation technology, by researching of the ethylene production process equipment and production process, Ethylene cracking plant modeling and simulation training system development were completed. Ethylene cracking device 3D modeling development scheme and process were introduced, which include the use of 3DMAX software for 3D modeling design, combined with the virtual reality software realization of human-computer interactive function design. Based on Virtual reality technology, 3D simulation system of ethylene plant was realized.

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Wen, Weiliang, Xinyu Guo, Yongjian Wang, Chunjiang Zhao, and Weihua Liao. "Constructing a Three-Dimensional Resource Database of Plants Using Measured in situ Morphological Data." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 6 (2017): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12135.

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Abstract. 3D modeling of plants forms the basis of functional-structural plant modeling (FSPM) and digital plant research, and also plays an important role in research on plant phenotypes and germplasm resource protection. To provide high fidelity 3D models with complete agronomic information for research and applications, this study constructed a 3D visual database of plants. First, measured morphological data that included 3D digital data, 3D point clouds, and texture mapping images were acquired for different precision requirements. To set unified access rules for the database, a standard for the morphological data acquisition of plants was proposed. This data acquisition standard directs how 3D digital data, 3D point clouds, and texture imaging features of organs and plants are acquired. It also specifies the agronomic information that must be collected to guarantee the completeness of the morphological data record, such as the plant cultivar, growth period, planting density, water, and fertilizer treatment. Next, geometric models of plants and organs were generated using parametric plant modeling methods and geometric modeling based on point clouds using the acquired data. Finally, a plant 3D resource database was constructed by selecting those plant resources that contained two classes of database keywords: agronomy attribute keywords and 3D attribute keywords. The database contains a large number of plant models of different species, cultivars, and multiple growth periods with agronomic parameters and a high level of detail. The creation of such a database promotes the role of digital plant records in agricultural research and production. Keywords: Agricultural research, Agronomic parameters, Database, Geometric model, Morphology, Plants, Three-dimensional data.

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Yin, Mu Yi, Ling Zhang, Wei Li, and Yu Lin Chen. "Research on Virtual Plant Modeling Based on Local Environment Sensitivity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3133.

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This paper analyzed a 2D plant response model to pruning constructed by environmentally sensitive L-system. Then a computer simulation model based on the 3D plant development was presented. By integrating these two models, a model of 3D trees response of pruning was proposed. The experiment shows that environmentally-sensitive extension of L-systems could make a better simulation on the plant growth change process after pruning.

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Doan, Thien Minh, Khoi Nguyen Nguyen Tran, Tuan Dinh Le, Cang Trong Vo, and Chung Quang Dinh. "SHIP ASSEMBLY DESIGN BY 3D MODELING." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2011): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2007.

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Since Vietnam began to open up to the outside world in the 1990s, its national shipbuilding industry has witnessed great development. So far it has assumed a share of the international shipbuilding market. To build ships for foreign custumers is obviously more complicated than for dosmetic shipowners. Nowadays, the computer technology has been advancing greatly. So, to compete with foreign designs, we have also devised a strategy to develop its techniques and technology by acquiring the latest software from advanced shipbuilding countries like United States, Europe, Korea, Japan, China, … Among the special modern softwares – Plant Design Management Systems (PDMS) is a new trend in the shipbuilding industry. Indeed, the naval architects and marine engineers can design, modify, manage hull construction and outfitting their database on the 3D object with its … and their drawing travelled directly to CNC machines. All in all, we have little time to catch this new techniques of the global. This is both a challenge and an opportunity to the national shipbuilding industry.

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Martinez-Guanter, Jorge, Ángela Ribeiro, Gerassimos G. Peteinatos, Manuel Pérez-Ruiz, Roland Gerhards, José María Bengochea-Guevara, Jannis Machleb, and Dionisio Andújar. "Low-Cost Three-Dimensional Modeling of Crop Plants." Sensors 19, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 2883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132883.

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Plant modeling can provide a more detailed overview regarding the basis of plant development throughout the life cycle. Three-dimensional processing algorithms are rapidly expanding in plant phenotyping programmes and in decision-making for agronomic management. Several methods have already been tested, but for practical implementations the trade-off between equipment cost, computational resources needed and the fidelity and accuracy in the reconstruction of the end-details needs to be assessed and quantified. This study examined the suitability of two low-cost systems for plant reconstruction. A low-cost Structure from Motion (SfM) technique was used to create 3D models for plant crop reconstruction. In the second method, an acquisition and reconstruction algorithm using an RGB-Depth Kinect v2 sensor was tested following a similar image acquisition procedure. The information was processed to create a dense point cloud, which allowed the creation of a 3D-polygon mesh representing every scanned plant. The selected crop plants corresponded to three different crops (maize, sugar beet and sunflower) that have structural and biological differences. The parameters measured from the model were validated with ground truth data of plant height, leaf area index and plant dry biomass using regression methods. The results showed strong consistency with good correlations between the calculated values in the models and the ground truth information. Although, the values obtained were always accurately estimated, differences between the methods and among the crops were found. The SfM method showed a slightly better result with regard to the reconstruction the end-details and the accuracy of the height estimation. Although the use of the processing algorithm is relatively fast, the use of RGB-D information is faster during the creation of the 3D models. Thus, both methods demonstrated robust results and provided great potential for use in both for indoor and outdoor scenarios. Consequently, these low-cost systems for 3D modeling are suitable for several situations where there is a need for model generation and also provide a favourable time-cost relationship.

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Zivkovic, Miroslav, Snezana Vulovic, and Rodoljub Vujanac. "Assessment of the drum remaining lifetime in thermal power plant." Thermal Science 14, suppl. (2010): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100507030z.

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In this paper analysis of stress and thermal-elastic-plastic strain of the drum is performed. Influence of modified thickness, yield stress and finite element model of welded joint between pipe and drum on assessment of the remaining lifetime of the drum in the thermal power plant is analyzed. Two analyses are compared. In the first, drum is modeled by shell and by 3D finite elements with projected geometrical and material data of drum. Then, the drum is modeled by shell and by 3D finite elements with modified thickness and yield stress. The analysis show that detailed modeling of stress concentration zones is necessary. Adequate modeling gives lower maximal effective plastic strain and increased number of cycles and, in that case, 3D finite elements are better comparing to shell finite elements.

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Chen, Fang Yi, Tian En Chen, Wei Wang, and Xiao Jing Ma. "A Method of Pepper Plant Modeling and Animation Set-Up in Autodesk Maya." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 1110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.1110.

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Virtual crop models and animation make great significances to agricultural researches. But to recreate the structure and dynamic is often a hard and laborious task. Most existing plant-modeling systems require the user to have specific biological knowledge about plants, but its often the 3D artists who do the work. This paper discusses a method of plant modeling and rigging in Maya, which has already been familiar to 3D artists and has advantages in industrial production pipelines. The method takes pepper plant for example, dividing the problem into organs and the growth patterns, and using Maya modeling and animating system to simulate the topological structure and growth dynamic. It set up the geometry with controls which are easy to use. The result can be conveniently exported to projects. This approach helps prepare the research of variety plant modeling and animation plug-in for Maya.

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Lu, Shenglian, Xinyu Guo, Chunjiang Zhao, and Changfeng Li. "Physical Model for Interactive Deformation of 3D Plant." International Journal of Virtual Reality 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2011.10.2.2809.

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Modeling the deformation of 3D plant is a challenge in computer graphics. This paper presents a simulation method for physically simulating interactive deformation of 3D plant models. This method creates a tetrahedral mesh from the initial triangular plant model, the tetrahedral mesh is then used for dynamic response calculation of collision or interaction, the original triangular mesh is deformed along with the tetrahedral mesh. A capsule-based method and a spatial hashing based method are used for efficient and accurate collision detection. Smooth deformation effects and real-time simulation on 3D plant models demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed method can handle the geometric complexity of various plants by a simple model.

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Yang, Yubin, Livia Paleari, Lloyd T. Wilson, Roberto Confalonieri, Adriano Z. Astaldi, Mirko Buratti, Zongbu Yan, Eric Christensen, Jing Wang, and Stanley Omar P. B. Samonte. "Characterizing Genotype-Specific Rice Architectural Traits Using Smart Mobile App and Data Modeling." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122428.

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The quantity and quality of light captured by a plant’s canopy control many of its growth and development processes. However, light quality-related processes are not very well represented in most traditional and functional–structural crop models, which has been a major barrier to furthering crop model improvement and to better capturing the genetic control and environment modification of plant growth and development. A main challenge is the difficulty in obtaining dynamic data on plant canopy architectural characteristics. Current approaches on the measurement of 3D traits often relies on technologies that are either costly, excessively complicated, or impractical for field use. This study presents a methodology to estimate plant 3D traits using smart mobile app and data modeling. Leaf architecture data on 16 genotypes of rice were collected during two crop seasons using the smart-app PocketPlant3D. Quadratic Bézier curves were fitted to leaf lamina for estimation of insertion angle, elevation angle, and curve height. Leaf azimuth angle distribution, leaf phyllotaxis, canopy leaf angle distribution, and light extinction coefficients were also analyzed. The results could be used for breeding line selection or for parameterizing or evaluating rice 3D architectural models. The methodology opens new opportunities for strengthening the integration of plant 3D architectural traits in crop modeling, better capturing the genetic control and environment modification of plant growth and development, and for improving ideotype-based plant breeding.

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Tang, Yuan Qiang, and Xiang Zhong Feng. "Mathematical Modeling of Grape Organs and its’ Visual." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.210.

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Virtual plant growth is widely applied in many fields such as agriculture, forestry research, green landscape design, education, entertainment and business etc. Plant morphological structure model can simulate the real plant dynamic development, so people may be inclined to use some methods instead of the process; therefore ,multiple produce type or equation are used for modeling of natural phenomena. This paper aims to take grape organs as an example to study 3d plant organ geometric model based on OpenGL software. In this paper, grape’s organs (fruit, flower, leaf) geometric structure model and algorithm are presented.

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Wang, Hao Peng, Jing Zhang, and Xiao Jing Li. "A Fast Method of Dynamic Maize-3D-Modeling Based VRML." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.603.

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Discussed the key process and referenced method of field information quantitative extraction for maize based on L-system-3D dynamic modeling in the process of virtual plants simulative display, presented the method of field information quantitative extraction for plant simulation, and delivered the effective final validation results. The research can be used to serve for virtual plants display based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language effectively.

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Kochi, Nobuo, Atsushi Hayashi, Yota Shinohara, Takanari Tanabata, Kunihiro Kodama, and Sachiko Isobe. "All-around 3D plant modeling system using multiple images and its composition." Breeding Science 72, no. 1 (2022): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.21068.

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Harlan, Dhemi, Dantje K. Natakusumah, Mohammad Bagus Adityawan, Hernawan Mahfudz, and Fitra Adinata. "3D Numerical Modeling of Flow in Sedimentation Basin." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814703012.

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Normal operation sedimentation basin flushing systems require large volumes of water, typically up ten times of the deposited sediment volume for efficient flushing. A complete sediment removal, can only be realized by combination of mechanical removal with drawdown flushing. This operation reaches much longer operation time resulting in water loss and reducing power and energy production of Mini Hydro Power Plant (MHPP). The objective of this study is to improve the flushing system of sedimentation basin based on a numerical approach. Fluid motion is described with non-linear, transient, second-order differential equations. A numerical solution of these equations involves approximating the various terms with algebraic expressions. The resulting equations are then solved to yield an approximate solution to the original problem. The simulation result shows that the 3D numerical modeling of flow in sedimentation basin gives the reasonable result to predict the suspended load movement in the flow.

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Yoo, Mooyoung, and Namhyuk Ham. "Productivity Analysis of Documentation Based on 3D Model in Plant Facility Construction Project." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031126.

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In off-site construction, production of fabrication drawings has a very important impact on productivity. Documentation using 3D model is one of the great advantages of using BIM. Despite the importance of documentation based on 3D model, productivity analysis studies compared to traditional 2D-drawing-based documentation method are difficult to find in existing studies. In addition, empirical research on the effects of recycling 3D model and libraries information is hard to find. The purpose of this study is to analyze the productivity of documentation using 3D model in the fabrication phase. First, productivity data for the 2D-drawing-based documentation method and 3D-model-based documentation method for steel frame prefabrication of EPC project were acquired for each module. Second, additional time for tasks—such as 3D modeling and document review—were investigated to conduct the comparative analysis on the productivity of the two documentation methods. The results quantitatively show the productivity of 3D-model-based documentation and the learning effect of recycling 3D libraries.

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Kim, Jaewoo, Woo Hyun Kang, and Jung Eek Son. "Interpretation and Evaluation of Electrical Lighting in Plant Factories with Ray-Tracing Simulation and 3D Plant Modeling." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2020): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101545.

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In plant factories, light is fully controllable for crop production but involves a cost. For efficient lighting, light use efficiency (LUE) should be considered as part of light environment design. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and interpret the light interception, photosynthetic rate, and LUE of lettuces under electrical lights using ray-tracing simulation. The crop architecture model was constructed by 3D scanning, and ray-tracing simulation was used to interpret light interception and photosynthesis. For evaluation of simulation reliability, measured light intensities and photosynthetic rates in a growth chamber were compared with those obtained by simulation at different planting densities. Under several scenarios modeling various factors affecting light environments, changes in light interception and LUE were interpreted. The light intensities and photosynthetic rates obtained by simulation showed good agreement with the measured values, with R2 > 0.86. With decreasing planting density, the light interception of the central plant increased by approximately 18.7%, but that of neighboring plants decreased by approximately 5.5%. Under the various scenarios, shorter lighting distances induced more heterogenetic light distribution on plants and caused lower light interception. Under a homogenous light distribution, the light intensity was optimal at approximately 360 μmol m−2 s−1 with an LUE of 6.5 g MJ−1. The results of this study can provide conceptual insights into the design of light environments in plant factories.

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Liu, Ke Nan, Qi Liang Yang, Ying Jie Sun, Zhen Yang Ge, and Yan Zhang. "3D Reconstruction of Jatropha curcas L. Root Based on Image." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3900–3906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3900.

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Because the plant roots are in underground, hard observation and measurement, the simulation and 3 D reconstruction of the plant roots is always a difficulty of virtual plant. This paper based on image modeling technology, according to different viewpoint in space in the distribution of the sparse photo stems and roots corresponding stems the corresponding relation of solving the halfway point, to rebuild 3 D model of the plant roots.Targeted at the root of Jatropha Curcas, the experimental results show that the method is feasible and effective, and can provide reference for the establishment of a complete plant visualization system.

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Silverberg, J. L., R. D. Noar, M. S. Packer, M. J. Harrison, C. L. Henley, I. Cohen, and S. J. Gerbode. "3D imaging and mechanical modeling of helical buckling in Medicago truncatula plant roots." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 42 (September 24, 2012): 16794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209287109.

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Boudon, Frédéric, Jérôme Chopard, Olivier Ali, Benjamin Gilles, Olivier Hamant, Arezki Boudaoud, Jan Traas, and Christophe Godin. "A Computational Framework for 3D Mechanical Modeling of Plant Morphogenesis with Cellular Resolution." PLoS Computational Biology 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2015): e1003950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003950.

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Gaudin, Valérie, Philippe Andrey, Eve Devinoy, Clémence Kress, Kiên Kieu, Nathalie Beaujean, Yves Maurin, and Pascale Debey. "Modeling the 3D functional architecture of the nucleus in animal and plant kingdoms." Comptes Rendus Biologies 332, no. 11 (November 2009): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2009.09.001.

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Franchetti, Benjamin, Valsamis Ntouskos, Pierluigi Giuliani, Tiara Herman, Luke Barnes, and Fiora Pirri. "Vision Based Modeling of Plants Phenotyping in Vertical Farming under Artificial Lighting." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 4378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204378.

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In this paper, we present a novel method for vision based plants phenotyping in indoor vertical farming under artificial lighting. The method combines 3D plants modeling and deep segmentation of the higher leaves, during a period of 25–30 days, related to their growth. The novelty of our approach is in providing 3D reconstruction, leaf segmentation, geometric surface modeling, and deep network estimation for weight prediction to effectively measure plant growth, under three relevant phenotype features: height, weight and leaf area. Together with the vision based measurements, to verify the soundness of our proposed method, we also harvested the plants at specific time periods to take manual measurements, collecting a great amount of data. In particular, we manually collected 2592 data points related to the plant phenotype and 1728 images of the plants. This allowed us to show with a good number of experiments that the vision based methods ensure a quite accurate prediction of the considered features, providing a way to predict plant behavior, under specific conditions, without any need to resort to human measurements.

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Kochi, Nobuo, Sachiko Isobe, Atsushi Hayashi, Kunihiro Kodama, and Takanari Tanabata. "Introduction of All-Around 3D Modeling Methods for Investigation of Plants." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0301.

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Digital image phenotyping has become popular in plant research. Plants are complex in shape, and occlusion can often occur. Three-dimensional (3D) data are expected to measure the morphological traits of plants with higher accuracy. Plants have organs with flat and/or narrow shapes and similar component structures are repeated. Therefore, it is difficult to construct an accurate 3D model by applying methods developed for industrial materials and architecture. Here, we review noncontact and all-around 3D modeling and configuration of camera systems to measure the morphological traits of plants in terms of system composition, accuracy, cost, and usability. Typical noncontact 3D measurement methods can be roughly classified into active and passive methods. We describe their advantages and disadvantages. Structure-from-motion/multi-view stereo (SfM/MVS), a passive method, is the most frequently used measurement method for plants. It is described in terms of “forward intersection” and “backward resection.” We recently developed a novel SfM/MVS approach by mixing the forward and backward methods, and we provide a brief overview of our approach in this paper. While various fields are adopting 3D model construction, nonexpert users struggle to use them and end up selecting inadequate methods, which lead to model failure. We hope that this review will help users who are considering starting to construct and measure 3D models.

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Corzo, Santiago, Damian Ramajo, and Norberto Nigro. "1/3D modeling of the core coolant circuit of a PHWR nuclear power plant." Annals of Nuclear Energy 83 (September 2015): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2014.12.035.

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Fuentes, Rita Q., Isaac Chairez, Alexander Poznyak, and Tatyana Poznyak. "3D Nonparametric Neural Identification." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/618403.

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This paper presents the state identification study of 3D partial differential equations (PDEs) using the differential neural networks (DNNs) approximation. There are so many physical situations in applied mathematics and engineering that can be described by PDEs; these models possess the disadvantage of having many sources of uncertainties around their mathematical representation. Moreover, to find the exact solutions of those uncertain PDEs is not a trivial task especially if the PDE is described in two or more dimensions. Given the continuous nature and the temporal evolution of these systems, differential neural networks are an attractive option as nonparametric identifiers capable of estimating a 3D distributed model. The adaptive laws for weights ensure the “practical stability” of the DNN trajectories to the parabolic three-dimensional (3D) PDE states. To verify the qualitative behavior of the suggested methodology, here a nonparametric modeling problem for a distributed parameter plant is analyzed.

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Ng, Mei Ling, Zaidah binti Rahmat, and Mohd Shahir Shamsir bin Omar. "Molecular Modeling and Simulation of Transketolase from Orthosiphon stamineus." Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573409914666181022141753.

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Background: Orthosiphon stamineus is a traditional medicinal plant in Southeast Asia countries with various well-known pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, diuretics and antitumor activities. Transketolase is one of the proteins identified in the leaves of the plant and transketolase is believed able to lower blood sugar level in human through non-pancreatic mechanism. In order to understand the protein behavioral properties, 3D model of transketolase and analysis of protein structure are of obvious interest. Methods: In the present study, 3D model of transketolase was constructed and its atomic characteristics revealed. Besides, molecular dynamic simulation of the protein at 310 K and 368 K deciphered transketolase may be a thermophilic protein as the structure does not distort even at elevated temperature. This study also used the protein at 310 K and 368 K resimulated back at 310 K environment. Results: The results revealed that the protein is stable at all condition which suggest that it has high capacity to adapt at different environment not only at high temperature but also from high temperature condition to low temperature where the structure remains unchanged while retaining protein function. Conclusion: The thermostability properties of transketolase is beneficial for pharmaceutical industries as most of the drug making processes are at high temperature condition.

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Kim, Donghyun, Soonwook Kwon, Chung-Suk Cho, Borja García de Soto, and Daeyoon Moon. "Automatic Space Analysis Using Laser Scanning and a 3D Grid: Applications to Industrial Plant Facilities." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 9087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219087.

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While industrial plant projects are becoming bigger, and global attention to the plant as a construct is increasing, space arrangement in plant projects is inefficient because of the complex structure of required facilities (e.g., complex MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) installations, specialized tools, etc.,). Furthermore, problems during installation, operation, and maintenance stages caused by inconsistencies between floor plans and actual layout are on the rise. Although some of these conflicts can be addressed through clash detection using BIM (building information modeling), quality BIM models are scarce, especially for existing industrial plants. This study proposes a way to address the complexities caused by changes during plant construction and securing space for the installation of equipment during the construction and lifecycle of built facilities. 3D cloud point data of space and equipment were collected using 3D laser scanning to conduct space matching. In processing the space matching, data were simplified by applying the 3D grid and by comparing the data, easier identification of the space for target equipment was accomplished. This study also proposed a pre-processing method based on sub-sampling that optimizes the point cloud data and verifies the processing speed and accuracy. Lastly, it finds free space for various equipment layouts required in industrial plant projects by space analysis, proposed algorithms, and processes for obtaining the coordinates of valid space for equipment arrangement. The proposed method of this study is expected to help solve the problems derived from arrangement and installation of new equipment in a complex plant site.

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Bolfo, Lorenzo, Francesco Devia, and Guglielmo Lomonaco. "Nuclear Hydrogen Production: Modeling and Preliminary Optimization of a Helical Tube Heat Exchanger." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113113.

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Hydrogen production is a topical issue in an energy scenario where decarbonization is a priority, especially with reference to the transport sector that has a great weight on global emissions. Starting from this consideration, GIF (Generation-IV International Forum) investigated the possibility to produce hydrogen by nuclear energy. The “classic” strategy is based on the use of nuclear as energy source for the electrolysis; but on the medium-long term, a more sustainable and smart approach could be founded on the use of thermochemical processes (e.g., I-S) that require a direct coupling of a chemical plant to a nuclear reactor. In order to develop this strategy, it is mandatory to design and optimize all the key components involved in this complex plant. In this study, we developed the 3D-CAD and CFD models of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) installed in the Japanese HTTR nuclear power plant. This component is extremely important for both the safety of the two plants and the stability of the whole hydrogen production plant. Initially, our model (developed by AutoCAD 3D and implemented in Star CCM+) was validated on the basis of experimental data available in literature; then, an initial optimization of the IHX testing innovative materials, such as Alloy 617 and ODS–MA754, and a different primary coolant (supercritical CO2) was performed.

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Xu, Jin Jin, Zhong Wen, Kai Feng Zhang, Zheng Gang Guan, and Chen Ye. "Design and Development of Refueling Machine Operation Simulation System in Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1703.

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In order to improve the effect of refueling training in nuclear power plant, the simulation system of refueling machine was designed and developed, combining the virtual reality technology with a real control console. The 3D virtual refueling environment of nuclear power plant was established by 3D modeling. Signals from touch screen and console are gathered by PLC and transmitted to PC graphics workstation, control the motion of virtual refueling machine, which realize the refueling operation simulation. The operation in failure modes was also realized in the system through the programming of failure database. The results show that the system runs normally and can simulate refueling operation in normal and abnormal modes, the training of refueling personnel is implemented effectively.

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Seyfeddine, Mona, Samuel Vorlet, Nicolas Adam, and Giovanni De Cesare. "Holistic Design Approach of a Throttled Surge Tank: The Case of Refurbishment of Gondo High-Head Power Plant in Switzerland." Water 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123440.

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In order to increase the installed capacity, the refurbishment of Gondo high-head power plant required a modification of the existing surge tank by installing a throttle at its entrance. In a previous study, the geometry of this throttle was optimized by physical modeling to achieve the target loss coefficients as identified by a transient 1D numerical analysis. This study complements previous analyses by means of 3D numerical modeling using the commercial software ANSYS-CFX 19 R1. Results show that: (i) a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model predicts sufficiently accurate local head loss coefficients that agree closely with the findings of the physical model; (ii) in contrast to a standard surge tank, the presence of an internal gallery in the surge tank proved to be of insignificant effect on a surge tank equipped with a throttle, as the variations in the section of the tank cause negligible local losses compared to the ones induced by the throttle; (iii) CFD investigations of transient flow regimes revealed that the head loss coefficient of the throttle only varies for flow ratios below 20% of the total flow in the system, without significantly affecting the conclusions of the 1D transient analysis with respect to minimum and maximum water level in the surge tank as well as pressure peaks below the surge tank. This study highlights the importance of examining the characteristics of a hydraulic system from a holistic approach involving hybrid modeling (1D, 3D numerical and physical) backed by calibration as well as validation with in-situ measurements. This results in a more rapid and economic design of throttled surge tanks that makes full use of the advantages associated with each modeling strategy.

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Bentley, Laurence R., and Mehran Gharibi. "Two‐ and three‐dimensional electrical resistivity imaging at a heterogeneous remediation site." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 3 (May 2004): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1759453.

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Geometrically complex heterogeneities at a decommissioned sour gas plant could not be adequately characterized with drilling and 2D electrical resistivity surveys alone. In addition, 2D electrical resistivity imaging profiles produced misleading images as a result of out‐of‐plane resistivity anomalies and violation of the 2D assumption. Accurate amplitude and positioning of electrical conductivity anomalies associated with the subsurface geochemical distribution were required to effectively analyze remediation alternatives. Forward and inverse modeling and field examples demonstrated that 3D resistivity images were needed to properly reconstruct the amplitude and geometry of the complex resistivity anomalies. Problematic 3D artifacts in 2D images led to poor inversion fits and spurious conductivity values in the images at depths close to the horizontal offset of the off‐line anomaly. Three‐dimensional surveys were conducted with orthogonal sets of Wenner and dipole–dipole 2D resistivity survey lines. The 3D inversions were used to locate source zones and zones of elevated ammonium. Thus, conducting 3D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys early in the site characterization process will improve cost effectiveness at many remediation sites.

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Lim, Enmi, Kiyoshi Umeki, and Tsuyoshi Honjo. "Application of Virtual Reality and Plant Modeling for Participation in Urban Planning and Design." International Journal of Virtual Reality 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2009.8.2.2730.

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In landscape planning, visualization of landscape is a powerful tool for public understanding and for selection of alternative plans. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) computer graphics (CG) were used as visualization tools of environment because it has the ability to accurately simulate the changes caused by a proposed plan. In particular, virtual reality (VR), which enables to walk through in a modeled park or in a visualized forest, was considered as the advanced technique of landscape visualization. In this study, we developed a landscape visualization system with graphic user interface, which we named VR-Terrain (GUI version), to generate the virtual reality image easily by using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and plant modeling techniques. In order to test the feasibility of the landscape visualization system, we applied the system to Ichinoe Urban Design Plan. Ichinoe is located at Edogawa Ward, Tokyo. There is a Sakaikawa Shinsui Park with water space surrounded by large amount of green. In the case study, we simulated the landscape of Sakaikawa Shinsui Park with about 200 plants and 300 buildings. We used the images simulated by VR-Terrain to explain the concept (such as building height limit) to the residents in the public meetings. It took about 30 hours to make the 3D model of the town. After ten minutes of training, anybody can walk through in the simulated town freely. The results showed that the VR image by the system helped the public understanding of the concept of the urban plan.

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In, Jiwon, Haeun Jeong, Sanghoon Song, and Sea C. Min. "Determination of Material Requirements for 3D Gel Food Printing Using a Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printer." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102272.

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The material requirements for printing gel food with a fused deposition modeling 3D printer were determined based on fidelity, shape retention, and extrudability, as described by the rheological parameters of storage modulus (G’), yield stress (τ0), and phase angle (δ). The material requirements were determined for printing gel food using three formulations containing gelatin, gelatin and pectin, and gum mixture as the gelling agents. As compared with formulations based on gelatin alone, pectin-containing gelatin-based formulations yielded higher δ and lower G’ and τ0 values, while gum mixture-based formulations formed a gel with higher G’ and δ values and a wider range of τ0. Overall, this study presents quantitative material requirements for printing gel products containing gelatin, gelatin–pectin, and gum mixtures.

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Marin, Gilles, Fabien Nazaret, Olivier Barrau, Nicolas Guegan, Benoit Marguet, and Alain Dupuy. "Development of Double-Action SPF Forming Process by Finite Element Simulation for A380 Part." Materials Science Forum 735 (December 2012): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.735.162.

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The rear part of the APF A380 has a deep drawn shape. In order to develop the forming by SPF process of this part, numerical simulation by finite elements has been performed. Several configurations for 2D and 3D modeling were studied to determine an efficient forming strategy. A double-action solution was chosen. It ensures a satisfactory thickness distribution. This article will deal with the modeling assumptions, the results of individual cases of calculation and comparison with parts obtained at the Airbus plant.

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Martello, Maurício, José Paulo Molin, Graciele Angnes, and Matheus Gabriel Acorsi. "Assessing the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Coffee Plantation Using RPA-Based RGB Imaging." Drones 6, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6100267.

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The biophysical parameters of coffee plants can provide important information to guide crop management. An alternative to traditional methods of sparse hand measurements to obtain this type of information can be the 3D modeling of the coffee canopy using aerial images from RGB cameras attached to remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). This study aimed to explore the use of RGB aerial images to obtain 3D information of coffee crops, deriving plant height and volume information together with yield data during three growing seasons in a commercial production area of 10.24 ha, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Seven data acquisition campaigns were conducted during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. The flights were made at 70 m above ground level, with lateral and longitudinal overlaps of 75% and 80%, respectively. The images were processed, obtaining canopy surface models (CSMs) derived into plant height and volume data for each campaign. The results showed that it is possible to extract the plant height of coffee plants with an R2 of 0.86 and an RMSE of 0.4 m. It was possible to monitor the temporal variability of coffee plant height and volume based on aerial images and correlate this information with yield data. The results of the modeling analysis demonstrated the possibility of using these variables to help understand the spatial variability of coffee yield within the field.

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Teng, Poching, Yu Zhang, Takayoshi Yamane, Masayuki Kogoshi, Takeshi Yoshida, Tomohiko Ota, and Junichi Nakagawa. "Accuracy Evaluation and Branch Detection Method of 3D Modeling Using Backpack 3D Lidar SLAM and UAV-SfM for Peach Trees during the Pruning Period in Winter." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020408.

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In the winter pruning operation of deciduous fruit trees, the number of pruning branches and the structure of the main branches greatly influence the future growth of the fruit trees and the final harvest volume. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is considered a feasible method for the 3D modeling of trees, but it is not suitable for large-scale inspection. The simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technique makes it possible to move the lidar on the ground and model quickly, but it is not useful enough for the accuracy of plant detection. Therefore, in this study, we used UAV-SfM and 3D lidar SLAM techniques to build 3D models for the winter pruning of peach trees. Then, we compared and analyzed these models and further proposed a method to distinguish branches from 3D point clouds by spatial point cloud density. The results showed that the 3D lidar SLAM technique had a shorter modeling time and higher accuracy than UAV-SfM for the winter pruning period of peach trees. The method had the smallest RMSE of 3084 g with an R2 = 0.93 compared to the fresh weight of the pruned branches. In the branch detection part, branches with diameters greater than 3 cm were differentiated successfully, regardless of whether before or after pruning.

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KUNII, Yoichi, Chisato YAMAZAKI, and Masayuki NEMOTO. "Growth modeling of plant individuals growing in grassland with photoenvironment data by using 3D computer graphics." Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 75, no. 5 (2012): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.75.407.

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Bania, Grzegorz. "ERT method in the study of chemical pollution of the hydrogeological environment - numerical analysis of 2D and 3D models." E3S Web of Conferences 66 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186601007.

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Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method is often used to solve problems related to chemical pollution of the hydrogeological environment. The source of such contamination can be, e.g. industrial heaps, tailings ponds and municipal landfills. The contaminants spreading often takes the form of a (3D) pollution tongue. In this case, the standard interpretation of 2D ERT surveys may be difficult. Numerical modeling was carried out in order to show the specificity of pollutants propagation. Both 2D and 3D models were analysed. Those refer to the real geological situation - vicinity of Nowa Huta (Krakow, Poland) - where heaps and tailings ponds of the metallurgical plant are present. An appropriate geoelectrical model referring to the above situation was prepared. It was assumed that highly mineralized waters in the form of a contamination tongue are spreading within the aquifer. Resulting interpreted resistivity distributions for 2D and 3D variant of ERT method were analysed. It has been shown that the method is promising in terms of the ability to detect and assess the nature of the transitional zone between clean and contaminated waters. Additionally, it has been shown that 3D modeling can be a useful, complementary element in interpreting the results of DC-resistivity methods.

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Zhao, Yong. "Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Nonlinear Impact and Frictional Motion Responses Including Fluid—Structure Coupling Effects." Shock and Vibration 4, no. 5-6 (1997): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/496945.

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A nonlinear three dimensional (3D) single rack model and a nonlinear 3D whole pool multi-rack model are developed for the spent fuel storage racks of a nuclear power plant (NPP) to determine impacts and frictional motion responses when subjected to 3D excitations from the supporting building floor. The submerged free standing rack system and surrounding water are coupled due to hydrodynamic fluid-structure interaction (FSI) using potential theory. The models developed have features that allow consideration of geometric and material nonlinearities including (1) the impacts of fuel assemblies to rack cells, a rack to adjacent racks or pool walls, and rack support legs to the pool floor; (2) the hydrodynamic coupling of fuel assemblies with their storing racks, and of a rack with adjacent racks, pool walls, and the pool floor; and (3) the dynamic motion behavior of rocking, twisting, and frictional sliding of rack modules. Using these models 3D nonlinear time history dynamic analyses are performed per the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) criteria. Since few such modeling, analyses, and results using both the 3D single and whole pool multiple rack models are available in the literature, this paper emphasizes description of modeling and analysis techniques using the SOLVIA general purpose nonlinear finite element code. Typical response results with different Coulomb friction coefficients are presented and discussed.

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Huang, Xia, Shunyi Zheng, and Li Gui. "Automatic Measurement of Morphological Traits of Typical Leaf Samples." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062247.

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It is still a challenging task to automatically measure plants. A novel method for automatic plant measurement based on a hand-held three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner is proposed. The objective of this method is to automatically select typical leaf samples and estimate their morphological traits from different occluded live plants. The method mainly includes data acquisition and processing. Data acquisition is to obtain the high-precision 3D mesh model of the plant that is reconstructed in real-time during data scanning by a hand-held 3D laser scanner (ZGScan 717, made in Zhongguan Automation Technology, Wuhan, China). Data processing mainly includes typical leaf sample extraction and morphological trait estimation based on a multi-level region growing segmentation method using two leaf shape models. Four scale-related traits and six corresponding scale-invariant traits can be automatically estimated. Experiments on four groups of different canopy-occluded plants are conducted. Experiment results show that for plants with different canopy occlusions, 94.02% of typical leaf samples can be scanned well and 87.61% of typical leaf samples can be automatically extracted. The automatically estimated morphological traits are correlated with the manually measured values EF (the modeling efficiency) above 0.8919 for scale-related traits and EF above 0.7434 for scale-invariant traits). It takes an average of 196.37 seconds (186.08 seconds for data scanning, 5.95 seconds for 3D plant model output, and 4.36 seconds for data processing) for a plant measurement. The robustness and low time cost of the proposed method for different canopy-occluded plants show potential applications for real-time plant measurement and high-throughput plant phenotype.

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Kopec, Ján, Laura Lachvajderová, Marek Kliment, and Peter Trebuňa. "SIMULATION PROCESSES IN COMPANIES USING PLM AND TECNOMATIX PLANT SIMULATION SOFTWARE." Acta Simulatio 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/asim.v7i3.61.

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This paper aims to demonstrate the use of simulations in the process of improving production processes. With the help of simulations, it is possible to test the efficiency of production in the virtual world, various variants of simulations. The advantage of simulations is the fact that it is possible to make simple and especially cost-effective changes to the production process and thus make it more efficient to the required level. 3D modeling of production halls is already an integral part of improvement. At the same time, this article points out that PLM positively affects the improvement process itself. The final simulation is aimed at improving the production process.

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Kamarudin, Mohd Hider, Zool Hilmi Ismail, and Noor Baity Saidi. "Deep Learning Sensor Fusion in Plant Water Stress Assessment: A Comprehensive Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041403.

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Water stress is one of the major challenges to food security, causing a significant economic loss for the nation as well for growers. Accurate assessment of water stress will enhance agricultural productivity through optimization of plant water usage, maximizing plant breeding strategies, and preventing forest wildfire for better ecosystem management. Recent advancements in sensor technologies have enabled high-throughput, non-contact, and cost-efficient plant water stress assessment through intelligence system modeling. The advanced deep learning sensor fusion technique has been reported to improve the performance of the machine learning application for processing the collected sensory data. This paper extensively reviews the state-of-the-art methods for plant water stress assessment that utilized the deep learning sensor fusion approach in their application, together with future prospects and challenges of the application domain. Notably, 37 deep learning solutions fell under six main areas, namely soil moisture estimation, soil water modelling, evapotranspiration estimation, evapotranspiration forecasting, plant water status estimation and plant water stress identification. Basically, there are eight deep learning solutions compiled for the 3D-dimensional data and plant varieties challenge, including unbalanced data that occurred due to isohydric plants, and the effect of variations that occur within the same species but cultivated from different locations.

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Quevedo, Fernando, Jorge Muñoz, Juan Alejandro Castano Pena, and Concepción A. Monje. "3D Model Identification of a Soft Robotic Neck." Mathematics 9, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9141652.

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Soft robotics is becoming an emerging solution to many of the problems in robotics, such as weight, cost and human interaction. In order to overcome such problems, bio-inspired designs have introduced new actuators, links and architectures. However, the complexity of the required models for control has increased dramatically and geometrical model approaches, widely used to model rigid dynamics, are not enough to model these new hardware types. In this paper, different linear and non-linear models will be used to model a soft neck consisting of a central soft link actuated by three motor-driven tendons. By combining the force on the different tendons, the neck is able to perform a motion similar to that of a human neck. In order to simplify the modeling, first a system input–output redefinition is proposed, considering the neck pitch and roll angles as outputs and the tendon lengths as inputs. Later, two identification strategies are selected and adapted to our case: set membership, a data-driven, nonlinear and non-parametric identification strategy which needs no input redefinition; and Recursive least-squares (RLS), a widely recognized identification technique. The first method offers the possibility of modeling complex dynamics without specific knowledge of its mathematical representation. The selection of this method was done considering its possible extension to more complex dynamics and the fact that its impact in soft robotics is yet to be studied according to the current literature. On the other hand, RLS shows the implication of using a parametric and linear identification in a nonlinear plant, and also helps to evaluate the degree of nonlinearity of the system by comparing the different performances. In addition to these methods, a neural network identification is used for comparison purposes. The obtained results validate the modeling approaches proposed.

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K, Nirubama, Narendhirakannan R.T, Rubalakshmi G, Vijayakumar N, and Vinodhini M. "Homology modeling and insilico approach of cleome gynandra - an indigenous medicinal plant." Kongunadu Research Journal 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj.2020.14.

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Cleome gynandra is a widespread medicinal plant belonging to the family Capparaceae. In Ayurvedic medicine C. gynandra is a main component in Narayana Churna. It has numerous properties like Anthelmintic, in ear diseases, pruritis and several other diseases like gastro intestinal disorders and gastrointestinal infections etc. This is an effort to gather and document evidence on different features of C. gynnadra and highlight the need for survey and development. In this current study, nine proteins of C. gynandra were identify by using of bioinformatics tools. The bioinformatic study of the characterization of proteins of C.gynandra were using Expasy Protparam server, 3D structure was done using SWISS MODEL. Plants ofdifferent family show uniqueness 98% and above were particular and its sequences retrieved, aligned using Clustal Omega. Secondary Structure prediction exhibited that α – helix, random coil, β – turn and long strand leads. Phylogenetic analysis of Glyceraldehyde 3 PO4 of C. gynandra exposes that the Capparaceae families are closely related. Insilco sequence analysis of C. gynandra showed that these proteins taken from different organisms linked organized evolutionarily as they possess conserved regions in their protein sequences.These results will be helpful to further study on C. gynandra protein functions at molecular or structural levels and also valuable in homology modelling and insilico approach.

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Mešić, Amel, Izudin Delić, and Nedim Ganibegović. "Numerical modeling of multiphase flow inside aeromixture channel and low emission burner of boiler OB-650." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 7 (September 30, 2020): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i7.1649.

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Determination of multiphase flow inside PC boiler plant is of particular importance for the process control of the boiler and its efficient operation. Nowadays numerical modeling is used as an advanced tool in improvement of this or similar process. Separation of coal particle in aero-mixture channel, after pulverization, represent an important process which has a big effect on boiler efficiency, and its determination represents an important step. In this paper, numerical modeling of multiphase flow inside aero-mixture channel and low emission burner of boiler OB-650 are exposed in several steps from 3D modeling, discretization of fluid domain, setting the physical and mathematical model to validation of same model. Main goals of the same process is to obtain valid numerical model of observed problematic, that will give us data about model parameters that can be used for modeling of the same process with different inlet boundary conditions, and also to obtain appropriate specific process parameters that can be used for rising of level of efficiency and utility of boiler plant in some steady operating modes.

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Amoozadeh, Sahel, Jodie Johnston, and Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler. "Exploiting Structural Modelling Tools to Explore Host-Translocated Effector Proteins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312962.

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Oomycete and fungal interactions with plants can be neutral, symbiotic or pathogenic with different impact on plant health and fitness. Both fungi and oomycetes can generate so-called effector proteins in order to successfully colonize the host plant. These proteins modify stress pathways, developmental processes and the innate immune system to the microbes’ benefit, with a very different outcome for the plant. Investigating the biological and functional roles of effectors during plant–microbe interactions are accessible through bioinformatics and experimental approaches. The next generation protein modeling software RoseTTafold and AlphaFold2 have made significant progress in defining the 3D-structure of proteins by utilizing novel machine-learning algorithms using amino acid sequences as their only input. As these two methods rely on super computers, Google Colabfold alternatives have received significant attention, making the approaches more accessible to users. Here, we focus on current structural biology, sequence motif and domain knowledge of effector proteins from filamentous microbes and discuss the broader use of novel modelling strategies, namely AlphaFold2 and RoseTTafold, in the field of effector biology. Finally, we compare the original programs and their Colab versions to assess current strengths, ease of access, limitations and future applications.

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Ait Oucheggou, Ouardia, Véronique Pointeau, Guillaume Ricciardi, Élisabeth Guazzelli, and Laurence Bergougnoux. "Particle-laden flow around an obstacle in a square pipe: experiments and modeling." Mechanics & Industry 21, no. 5 (2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020063.

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Particle trapping and deposition around an obstacle occur in many natural and industrial situations and in particular in the nuclear industry. In the steam generator of a nuclear power plant, the progressive obstruction of the flow due to particle deposition reduces the efficiency and can induce tube cracking leading to breaking and damage. The steam generator then loses its role as a safety barrier of the nuclear power plant. From a fundamental standpoint, dilute and concentrated particulate flows have received a growing attention in the last decade. In this study, we investigate the transport of solid particles around obstacles in a confined flow. Experiments were performed in a simplified configuration by considering a laminar flow in a vertical tube. An obstacle was inserted at the middle height of the tube and neutrally-buoyant particles were injected at different locations along the tube. We have investigated first the trajectories of individual particles using particle tracking (PT). Then, the particle trajectories were modeled by using the Boussinesq-Basset-Oseen equation with a flow velocity field either measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) or calculated by the Code_Saturne software in order to account for the three-dimensional (3D) character of the obstacle wake. This paper presents a comparison between the experimental observations and the predictions of the modeling for an obstacle consisting of a rectangular step at a Reynolds number of ≈100 and evidences the importance of accounting for the 3D complex nature of the flow.

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Thakur, Neha, and Hari Murthy. "An overview on 3D Printed Medicine." Material Science Research India 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/180102.

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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a digitally-controlled additive manufacturing technique used for fast prototyping. This paper reviews various 3D printing techniques like Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling, (FDM), Semi-solid extrusion (SSE), Stereolithography (SLA), Thermal Inkjet (TIJ) Printing, and Binder jetting 3D Printing along with their application in the field of medicine. Normal medicines are based on the principle of “one-size-fits-all”. This is not true always, it is possible medicine used for curing one patient is giving some side effects to another. To overcome this drawback “3D Printed medicines” are developed. In this paper, 3D printed medicines forming different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) are reviewed. Printed medicines are capable of only curing the diseases, not for the diagnosis. Nanomedicines have “theranostic” ability which combines therapeutic and diagnostic. Nanoparticles are used as the drug delivery system (DDS) to damaged cells’ specific locations. By the use of nanomedicine, the fast recovery of the disease is possible. The plant-based nanoparticles are used with herbal medicines which give low-cost and less toxic medication called nanobiomedicine. 4D and 5D printing technology for the medical field are also enlightened in this paper.

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Aksenova, Olesya, Evgenia Nikolaeva, and Riccardo Paulman. "The Methods of Process Planning Gas Treatment Facilities of a Power Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910502017.

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The article seeks to examine the efficiency of applying means of mathematical processing and computer modeling of the work processes of gas cleaning facilities of power plants to optimize the process of planning and designing of future power plant in operation. A way of solution of the gas outbursts cleaning problem at the stage of designing measures for the development of waste processing systems through mathematical processing of expected volumes of gas outbursts and computer simulation of individual pieces of equipment and working areas as a whole is offered. The authors present the results of the processing of the projected technological processes and the gas outbursts cleaning facilities in terms of E-networks and using mathematical processing in the application Simulink, which allows to build a model of the device and to carry out calculations on the screen using the library of building blocks. A 3D model of the gas cleaning facilities, which allows to visualize the technological process and to compare it with theoretical calculations at the design stage of the future power plant and, if necessary, make changes to the project, has been created by means of computer modeling.

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Xue, Chuan, and Ying Hu. "The Small Road Surface Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine Design." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.858.

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The design of a small road surface shot blasting cleaning machine, using the motor driven wheel blasting high-speed rotation, the pellet material (steel shot or sand) at high speed and certain Angle to throw, throw rock formed certain fan type flow, impact to the road to play the role of a blasting and removing the effect of the residue .Then, projectile and dust into the separator, separator will be tiny and dust separation, dust into the dust collector, and the projectile into the shot blasting machine to recycle. Complete road surface shot blasting cleaning machine of shot blasting machine, sand pill purification plant design. By using solid works 3D drawing software of 3D modeling and virtual assembly.

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Facchiano, Angelo, Domenico Pignone, Luigi Servillo, Domenico Castaldo, and Luigi De Masi. "Structure and Ligands Interactions of Citrus Tryptophan Decarboxylase by Molecular Modeling and Docking Simulations." Biomolecules 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9030117.

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In a previous work, we in silico annotated protein sequences of Citrus genus plants as putative tryptophan decarboxylase (pTDC). Here, we investigated the structural properties of Citrus pTDCs by using the TDC sequence of Catharanthus roseus as an experimentally annotated reference to carry out comparative modeling and substrate docking analyses. The functional annotation as TDC was verified by combining 3D molecular modeling and docking simulations, evidencing the peculiarities and the structural similarities with C. roseus TDC. Docking with l-tryptophan as a ligand showed specificity of pTDC for this substrate. These combined results confirm our previous in silico annotation of the examined protein sequences of Citrus as TDC and provide support for TDC activity in this plant genus.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant 3D modeling'

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