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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plans'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Smith, Rachel May. "Sounds Like a Plan: Evaluating Cultural Plans." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281551226.

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2

Cheng, Hong. "Mining high-utility plans from plan databases /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20CHENG.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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3

Whalen, Peter S. "Post plan improvisations of strategic marketing plans : towards a taxonomy /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8585.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-177). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Whalen, Peter S. 1971. "Post Plan Improvisations of Strategic Marketing Plans: Towards a Taxonomy." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8585.

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xiii, 177 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Marketing Planning is the most prescribed tool for "doing" marketing. The marketing plan's implementation schedule provides a roadmap for accomplishing a firm's stated marketing objectives. For over three decades researchers have investigated planning's link to firm performance. The consensus has been that they do improve performance although there is little empirical evidence to suggest how implementation of those plans is related. Environmental turbulence, new information and failed implementation cause firms to act outside of the planning framework. Improvisation is the contemporaneous creation and execution of an action. The extent to which firms act improvisationally has been studied, but to date there has been no empirical investigation that exposes the different types of post plan improvisations of strategic marketing plans that exist. This dissertation attempts to identify the different types of post plan improvisations (PPI) used in marketing. Using the Critical Incident Technique, 384 incidents of PPI were gathered from marketing planners and then used to create categories and systematically classify each incident. Four primary categories of causes of deviations, six categories of deviations and four categories of outcomes emerged from the data. The results provide a foundation for a theoretical model of the types of post plan improvisations in practice. This will allow further research into contextual differences that could help managers decide when to improvise and when to follow their plan. Further, by exposing the useful application of the CIT method in a new field, additional researchers might begin to use the technique to update and more deeply understand other marketing phenomenon.
Adviser: David M. Boush
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5

Weilenmann, Rolf. "Value based Compensation Plans : theoretische und praktische Aspekte von Employee Stock Ownership Plans : Stock Option Plans und weiteren Value based Compensation Plans in der Schweiz /." Bern : Haupt Verlag, 1999. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00002312.pdf.

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6

Mencák, Jirí. "Extended update plans." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2003. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/5935/.

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Formal methods are gaining popularity as a way of increasing the reliability of systems through the use of mathematically based techniques. Their domain is no longer restricted to purely academic environments and examples, as they are slowly moving into industrial settings. The slow rate at which this transition takes place is mainly due to the perceived difficulty of formalising the behaviour of systems. While this is undoubtedly true, it is not the case with all formal methods. Update Plans are a powerful formalism for the description of computer architectures and intermediate to low-level languages. They are a declarative specification language with an underlying imperative machine model. The descriptions using Update Plans are clear, compact, intuitive, unambiguous and simple to read. These characteristics allow for the minimisation of possible errors at early stages of the development process even before a verification takes place. In this thesis an overview of the Update Plans formalism is given and a number of realworld applications is shown. The investigation of the application area focuses on computer architectures for which various specifications already exist. The comparison of Update Plan specifications to other specifications provides a useful insight into the strengths and shortcomings of the formalism. The shortcomings, in particular the lack of synchronisation primitives and modularity, are addressed by the development and evaluation of several syntactic and semantic extensions described in this thesis. The extended formalism is also compared to other specification languages and conclusions are drawn.
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7

Voinitchi, Andrada Ana Maria. "Disrupting agents' plans." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/disrupting-agents-plans(4557281f-cf70-4dae-a0c2-eab860dae463).html.

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In order for an agent or a group of agents to achieve a goal, there is a sequence of actions that need to be taken. This sequence of actions constitutes a plan. In some occasions multiple plans that can be used to achieve the goal may exist. It may be the case that one wants to prevent an agent or group of agents from achieving a particular goal; currently, there is little research addressing this issue. Such research is valuable when preventing malicious agents or groups of agents such as bot nets from perpetrating destructive behavior. In this thesis, we tackle the disruption of single agents and groups of agents by proposing a way to disrupt their plans to achieve goals. We describe a model of all possible plans that achieve the goal we wish to prevent, we provide algorithms that identify which parts of the plans should be disrupted in order to prevent achievement of the goal and, we also provide a way of disrupting these parts using norms. The focus of this thesis is summarized as follows. 1. Identify which parts of plans should be sabotaged in order to prevent achievement of a goal by some set of agents. In order to address this, we provide: (a) a model that allows the representation of all possible plans that can be used to achieve a particular goal, (b) a metric to measure disruption of plans and (c) algorithms that identify which parts of plans should be disrupted in order to prevent achievement of some goal. 2. Identify which parts of plans should be sabotaged in order to prevent achievement of a particular goal by some set of agents, with as little impact as possible on other agents that are not part of the set (these agents are called external agents). In order to address this, we provide: (a) an extension to the model from 1(a) to allow the representation of external agents' plans, (b) a metric to measure disruption of external agents' plans and (c) algorithms that identify parts of plans to be disrupted in order to render the desired goal unachievable while causing as little disruption to external agents' plans as possible. 3. Investigate the use of norms as a means to disrupt parts of plans using: (a) a model of agents that can keep track of norms and their plans to achieve a goal and (b) an algorithm to derive norms that disrupt the parts of their plans identified by the algorithms from 1(c) and 2(c) and so ensure that the goal cannot be achieved in specific situations. We conclude with a summary of how disruption of agents' plans has been approached, high- lighting questions that remain open for further research.
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8

Ghassem-Sani, Gholam-Reza. "Recursive nonlinear plans." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315683.

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9

Adeboye, Oluwafeyikemi Adebunmi. "Analysing hybrid pension plans : an illustration." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8055.

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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais
Nesta dissertação apresentamos uma ilustração dos alguns planos de pensões híbridos, em cinco países, que em nossa opinião podem ser tomados como referência no que respeita à evolução desse tipo de fundos. O objetivo foi tirar ilações sobre as razões do aumento do recurso aos planos de pensões híbridos, em alternativa aos planos de benefício definido ou de contribuição definida. Se bem que os planos híbridos não sejam comuns, nos últimos tempos, devido ao esforço para atenuar os riscos nos planos tradicionais, têm por vezes vindo a ser considerados uma opção menos arriscada, devido às suas características. Na ilustração considerada nesta dissertação, temos um participante tipo que acabou de ser admitido no fundo de pensões e analisamos três modelos de planos híbridos, que comparamos com os planos de benefício definido e contribuição definida. O propósito é determinar, do ponto de vista do empregador e do ponto de vista do participante, quais os impactes de futuros choques nas taxas de juros, nas atualizações salariais anuais e na idade de reforma. As ilustrações permitiram observar que os planos de pensões híbridos, de facto, oferecem melhores perspetivas, embora com alguns compromissos. Conclui-se que pode haver vantagem para os associados e para os participantes em considerar a possibilidade de implementar um plano híbrido, em alternativa aos planos de contribuição definida, atualmente mais populares, procurando oferecer melhor proteção e mantendo os custos dentro de limites aceitáveis.
In this dissertation we present an illustration of the most common Hybrid pension plans designs in five countries, which in our opinion can be taken as representatives of the Hybrid pension funds. The aim is to explore why Hybrid pension plans are being considered as an alternative to traditional pension plans. Presently, Hybrid pension plans are not as widely used as Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution plans. In the recent times however, due to an effort to minimize the risks in these traditional plans, the Hybrid pension plan is considered as a less risky option due to its characteristic. In the illustration considered one participant that has just been admitted to a pension plan, and analyse three different types of Hybrid plans and compare them with the traditional designs of DB and DC pension plans, in order to determine from the perspective of the sponsor (employer) of pension plan and from the perspective of the participant (employee), what are the cost/benefits of future shocks on the interest rates, salary increases rate and early retirement. It was observed following the illustrations, that Hybrid pension plans do indeed offer better share of risks for both plan participants and sponsors although with some compromises. We conclude that to improve on retirement plans, sponsors need to consider a Hybrid pension plan design as a replacement for the currently popular Defined Contribution plans. Participants on the other hand will welcome this replacement option because of the possibility of a higher risk protection.
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10

Hansson, Erik. "Temporal Task and Motion Plans: Planning and Plan Repair : Repairing Temporal Task and Motion Plans Using Replanning with Temporal Macro Operators." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Artificiell intelligens och integrerade datorsystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152722.

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This thesis presents an extension to the Temporal Fast Downward planning system that integrates motion planning in it and algorithms for generating two types of temporal macro operators expressible in PDDL2.1. The extension to the Temporal Fast Downward planning system includes, in addition to the integration of motion planning itself, an extension to the context-enhanced additive heuristic that uses information from the motion planning part to improve the heuristic estimate. The temporal macro operators expressible in PDDL2.1 are, to the author's knowledge, an area that is not studied within the context of plan repair before. Two types of temporal macro operators are presented along with algorithms for automatically constructing and using them when solving plan repair problems by replanning. Both the heuristic extension and the temporal macro operators were evaluated in the context of simulated unmanned aerial vehicles autonomously executing reconnaissance missions to identify targets and avoiding threats in unexplored areas. The heuristic extension was proved to be very helpful in the scenario. Unfortunately, the evaluation of the temporal macro operators indicated that the cost of introducing them is higher than the gain of using them for the scenario.
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11

David, Olivier. "Plans d'expérience pour contrôler l'interférence : Plans d'expérience pour facteurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30256.

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Nous etudions d'abord comment planifier des experiences pour controler l'interference. Celle-ci se produit lorsque les observations effectuees sur les unites experimentales dependent des traitements appliques aux unites voisines. Notre approche consiste a planifier les experiences pour que les traitements voisins interferent peu, puis a effectuer des analyses sans interference. Cette approche necessite de l'information a priori. Nous considerons deux types de plans, les plans en blocs, qui reposent sur la presence des traitements dans un meme bloc, et les plans voisinages, qui reposent sur la presence des traitements sur des unites adjacentes. Nous proposons des plans alphas randomises a l'aide de permutations cycliques pour les essais varietaux. Nous etudions ensuite comment planifier des experiences en blocs ou il y a a la fois des facteurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs. Les facteurs quantitatifs sont appliques aux blocs et il y a des interactions entre facteurs. L'objectif principal des experiences est de comparer les effets des traitements qualitatifs pour chaque traitement quantitatif. Nous considerons le cas ou l'on cherche a comparer tous les traitements qualitatifs entre eux et le cas ou il y a un temoin. Nous obtenons des plans optimaux
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12

Brown, Christine. "Absence of freight transportation plans in state and county emergency operations plans /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10614.

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13

Masri, Hassan Mohamed. "Optimizing sample plans to improve microbiological safety in a food processing plant." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23194.

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Salmonella and Cronobacter sakazakii are two leading causes of foodborne illness associated with low-moisture foods, including infant formula. Both causative organisms can persist in food manufacturing processing environments and contaminate finished product if programs are not in place to limit their introduction and control their spread. An environmental sampling and monitoring program is an important tool that food manufacturers use to determine the effectiveness of their sanitation practices and pathogen control efforts. Guidance for initiating an environmental sampling plan and evaluating the plan is lacking.
The objective of this study was to develop microbiological environmental sampling plans based on the answers to a series of questions related to product hazards, processing risks and controls, and knowledge of appropriate microbiological sampling and testing protocols. Furthermore, these initial sampling plans were related to the volume of product and size of the processing facility.  An interactive spreadsheet tool for designing sampling monitoring plans for an infant formula process was developed using Microsoft Excel.
Additionally, the tool can be used to record qualitative and quantitative sample test results, and to alert the user how the upcoming sampling plan will be changed, if necessary, based on monthly test summaries. The sampling tool provides a simple method for selecting an appropriate environmental sampling plan (samples per zone per month) and provides a rationale and guidance for creating and modifying these plans.  Effective sampling plans and trend analysis of sample test results support the food processors decisions for implementing controls to enhance food safety.
Master of Science in Life Sciences
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14

João, Domingos Herminio Chico. "Attitudes towards Business Plans." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11236.

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Purpose - This paper aims to analyze different groups, such as venture capitalists’, banks’, governmental support agencies’ and incubator managers’ attitudes toward business plans.

Approach – The interviews have been conducted within the following institutions: Jönköping Business Development (JBD, Handelsbanken and Swedbank, Jönköping, ALMI and NyföretagarCentrum (Government Support Agencies (GSAs) and Business Incubator Science Park Jönköping (BISPJ). The author has chosen to conduct the study within this the previous mentioned institutions because those are the ones who mostly demand a formal written BP from firms or potential businesses.

Findings – it was found that all the institutions interviewed thinks that a formal written business plan is very important for the entrepreneurs to clarify goals and raise funds. They don’t see any direct negative sides with a business plan.  It was also found that the majority were of the opinion that a business plan does not need to be long. The funding decision is mostly based on the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur; it can be very hard for start-ups manager to convince the funds providers that they are the right people. The type of resources provided to the venture determines the need of follow-ups. It is done mainly based on the financial aspects while those who provide advice or assistance tend to not engage in follow-ups.

Limitations - the study was conducted in the period when the many of the potential people to be interviewed were on holiday. The language was sometimes a limitation since English is not the first language neither for the interviewer nor the interviewees.

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15

Thurman, Katie Podolak. "Optimal ship berthing plans." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26134.

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A ship berthing plan assigns surface vessels a berth prior to their port entrance, or reassigns ships once in port to allow them to accomplish in a timely manner maintenance, training, and certification events which build readiness for future operational commitments. Each ship requires different services when in port, such as shore power, crane services, ordnance, and fuel. Unfortunately, not all services are offered at all piers. At present, ship berthing plans are manually prepared by a port operations scheduler and often result in unnecessary berth shifts, which puts ships out of action for several hours. An extensive user-friendly computerized optimization model is developed and tested to assist the schedulers in the creation of berthing plan which minimizes port loading conflicts, thus promoting fleet readiness through berthing stability. Norfolk Naval Station is used. Keywords: Port loading; Berthing plans; Port berthing; Military thesis; Ship berthing plans; Ship berthing; Berth scheduling; Ship scheduling; Supply replenishment. (kt)
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16

Taillard, Laugier Nathalie. "Les plans de redressement." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20028.

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17

Ah, Soon Christian. "Analyse de plans architecturaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL100N.

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Comme dans tout système d'analyse de documents, trois phases peuvent être identifiées dans notre système d'analyse de plans architecturaux. Dans la phase d'analyse lexicale, les indices élémentaires constituant le plan sont recherchés. A cette fin, cette phase contient les traitements permettant de segmenter l'image en couches de composantes homogènes (traits forts, traits fins, texte) et ceux permettant la recherche des primitives graphiques - segments et arcs. Dans la phase d'analyse structurelle, les symboles architecturaux sont identifiés à partir des primitives de l'image grâce à un réseau de contraintes. Ce réseau est créé dynamiquement à partir de la description des symboles sous forme de contraintes sur les primitives constituant les symboles. Comme ce réseau factorise les contraintes communes aux descriptions, il permet la recherche de ces symboles en une seule passe. La recherche est réalisée en envoyant les primitives dans le réseau qui teste si ces primitives vérifient bien les contraintes des descriptions. Dans la phase d'analyse sémantique, la géométrie du bâtiment est reconstruite. Cette phase, qui nécessite de modéliser la connaissance architecturale, mérite d'être approfondie. Toutefois, deux prototypes sont présents : un fondé sur l'étude des boucles de l'image et un autre fondé sur une approche structurelle.
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18

Boulanger, Fabienne. "Plans d'expérience pour mélanges." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3018.

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Les propriétés des plans d'expérience pour mélanges de Q constituants sont difficiles à exploiter en raison du grand nombre de paramètres qu'elles présentent, du au fait que l'on évolue sur un simplexe et en coordonnées barycentriques. En outre, les plans sont souvent décrits avec des notations non homogènes, propres à chaque auteur. Nous nous proposons ici d'expliciter des propriétés des plans réguliers, qui s'écrivent à partir de l'inverse de la matrice des moments. Il s'agit de la fonction de variance de l'estimateur de l'espérance de la réponse, des conditions d'isovariance, des traces des graphes de variance sur les axes de Cox et du critère de D-éfficacité. En ajustant un modèle polynomial homogène du second ordre, nous sommes en présence de moments d'ordre quatre auxquels nous imposons cinq conditions d'invariance afin d'en simplifier les expressions. Nous décrivons les plans de façon homogène, comme constitués d'orbites, déduites de points du simplexe sur les coordonnées desquels opèrent des groupes issus du groupe symétrique de degré Q. Afin de retrouver les conditions d'invariance, les groupes opérant doivent être 4-homogènes et 3-transitifs. Nous voyons alors apparaître des propriétés géometriques des plans sur des axes privilegiés et nous interprêtons ainsi le spectre de la matrice des moments. Pour finir, les résultats obtenus sont appliqués à des plans réguliers vérifiant les conditions d'invariance, en particulier, les plans de Crosier ou de Doelhert, et les plans composites pour mélanges que nous construisons.
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Ederhof, Merle. "Discretion in bonus plans /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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20

Matthew, Macaskill. "To plan or not to plan: if and when business plans help entrepreneurial ventures grows?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25259.

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This study investigated the relationships between business planning and venture growth while also exploring the moderating variables of entrepreneurial pre-entry knowledge and industry dynamism. Scales that allowed for empirical testing were collected and collated from the broader business planning literature. Using a sample of 103 entrepreneurs from three industries, entrepreneurs were surveyed in an attempt to measure entrepreneurial business planning practices in a South African environment. The results of the study indicated that while planning is an important process of an entrepreneurial venture its effectiveness depends on planning combinations and contextual factors. Specifically, it provided evidence for planning’s positive impact on venture growth; when an entrepreneur engaged in prior business planning and then implemented the plan. Furthermore the extent of an entrepreneur’s pre-entry knowledge was shown to have a positive impact on venture growth. While a synergy effect was observed when entrepreneurs had both pre-entry knowledge and engaged in prior planning. In contrast, the findings suggest that when an entrepreneur launches a business and has pre-entry knowledge it is more valuable not to implement these plans. Lastly the results suggested that planning practices were more likely to positively impact venture growth in industries experiencing lower levels of dynamism. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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21

Stenlund, Nilsson Ivner Jenny. "Plan and Reality : Municipal Energy Plans and Development of Local Energy Systems." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Environmental Technique and Management, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6559.

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Enligt lagen om kommunal energiplanering ska varje svensk kommun ha en energiplan för tillförsel för tillförsel och användning av energi. Huruvida energiplanering är ett bra sätt att styra det kommunala energisystemet är dock omdebatterat. Denna avhandling studerar innehåll i, och implementering av, ett antal svenska kommunala energiplaner. Energiplanernas effektivitet studeras på två nivåer: uppfyllelse av mål och visioner i planerna, samt hur detta bidrar till att uppfylla de nationella energipolitiska målen.

Forskningen baseras på tre studier: en studie av innehållet i tolv energiplaner från Östergötland, en studie av mål och visioner i sju energiplaner och hur energisystem utvecklats efter energiplanerna antagits, samt en fallstudie av Kungälvs kommun där mål och måluppfyllelse studerats mer utförligt. Innehåll och målformuleringar i energiplanerna har analyserats med avseende på miljö, effektiv energianvändning och systemnivå. Mål och måluppfyllelse har även analyserats med avseende på aktörer.

Resultaten visar på att de studerade energiplanerna har smal systemsyn och att de miljöanalyser som finns i planerna är undermåliga. Energiplaneringen har varit effektiv till viss del. Bäst måluppfyllelse har kommunerna när det gäller mål på en relativt låg systemnivå och när det är kommunen själv som äger frågan, exempelvis fjärrvärmeutbyggnad och energieffektivisering av kommunens lokaler. När det gäller utvecklingens bidrag till de nationella energipolitiska målen är resultaten varierande: användning av biobränslen har ökat avsevärt, medan självförsörjningsgraden på el bara ökat något. Bäst är utvecklingen när det gäller minskade koldioxidutsläpp.

Baserat på bristerna som upptäckts i de studerade energiplanerna och dess implementering förs en diskussion kring möjligheter att öka energiplaneringens effektivitet och vidga systemsynen. Förbättringar som diskuteras är att stärka kopplingen till fysisk planering, och att inkludera medborgarmedverkan och miljöbedömningar. Om kopplingen till energifrågor stärks i översiktlig planering och om även privata aktörer kommer till tals under planeringsprocessen, skulle detta kunna underlätta implementering av energiplanerna. Miljöbedömningar i sin tur kan bidra med en vidare systemsyn om mer relevanta mål i planerna. Slutligen föreslås att ramverket för miljöbedömning av planer och program (2001/42/EC) kan användas vid energiplanering eftersom det framhåller vikten av breda analyser, samråd med privata aktörer och miljöbedömningar.


Swedish municipalities are required to produce a municipal energy plan for energy supply and use. Whether energy planning is suitable to manage local energy systems, however, is subject to debate. This thesis explores municipal energy planning and development of local energy systems after energy plans were adopted to examine whether energy planning is effective. The effectiveness of energy planning is studied on two levels: in terms of whether goals in energy plans were implemented, and whether energy planning contributes to fulfilling national energy policy goals.

The research is based on three studies. In the first, the scope of twelve municipal energy plans from a Swedish region was assessed. In the second study, goals and visions in seven energy plans were analysed and compared to the development of the local energy systems. The third case involved Kungälv municipality, where the implementation of goals in its energy plan was studied more thoroughly. Scopes and goals in the energy plans were analysed from three perspectives: the environment, energy efficiency and the systems level. Goals and development were also analysed from an actor’s perspective.

The results show that the scopes of the studied energy plans have narrow systems boundaries, and that the environmental analyses presented in the plans are very basic. Energy planning was found to have been fairly effective in terms of fulfilment of goals in energy plans. Most positive developments are for goals on a relatively low systems level when the local authority owns the issue, for example district heating expansion and energy efficiency measures in public buildings. When it comes to contributing to national energy policy goals, results vary; use of biomass has increased, but selfsufficiency in electricity supply has increased only slightly. The most favourable development when it comes to energy-related emissions is the reduction of carbon dioxide.

Based on shortcomings identified in the studied energy plans and implementation, possibilities to increase the effectiveness and widen the scope of energy planning are discussed. Improvements are discussed in terms of urban planning as well as participative planning, and with respect to the environmental assessment of plans. If energy issues are included in urban planning and a participatory planning approach is used, this could facilitate the implementation of energy plans. Including environmental assessment could facilitate wide scopes and more relevant goals. It is also proposed that the EU framework for environmental assessment of plans and programmes (2001/42/EC) can be used for energy planning, since it includes a comprehensive approach, public participation, and environmental assessment.

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Stenlund, Jenny. "Plan and reality : municipal energy plans and development of local energy systems /." Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6559.

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Sterud, Anna. "The municipal comprehensive plan, how does it influence future detailed development plans?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147650.

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The overall purpose with this report is to examine what role the municipal comprehensive plan has in the planning process today and how it influences future detailed development plans. The main question that this report tries to answer is: Does the municipal comprehensive plan give the guidance it is meant to according to the Swedish planning and building act? The municipal comprehensive plan is mandatory in that it must be established by all munici-palities and cover the entire municipality’s surface. The plan should state basic directions for land use and settlement development and give guidance for subsequent plans and decisions. For smaller areas, a more detailed comprehensive plan can be established. The municipal comprehensive plan, and the more detailed comprehensive plan, is not binding. In order to investigate the influence the municipal comprehensive plan is supposed to have according to the Swedish plan- and building law, a study has been conducted of the detailed development plans in Stockholm County, that became legally binding in the year of 2012, to investigate what the municipal comprehensive plan said about each detailed development plan. The conclusion of the conducted study is that in most cases the municipal comprehensive plan had been of guidance for the detailed development plans and in only four of the studied cases was the purpose of the detailed development plan conflicting with the municipal comprehen-sive plan.
Det övergripande syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka vilken roll översiktsplanen har i planprocessen idag och hur den därigenom påverkar detaljplaneläggningen och att försöka besvara frågeställningen: Ger översiktsplanen idag den vägledning för kommande detaljplane-läggning som är tanken enligt PBL? Översiktsplanen är obligatorisk och ska upprättas av varje kommun och omfatta hela kommu-nens yta (3 kap. 1 § PBL). Planen ska ange grunddragen för markanvändning och bebyggelse utveckling samt ge vägledning för efterföljande planer och beslut (3 kap. 2 och 5 §§ PBL). För mindre områden kan en mer detaljerad översiktsplan upprättas, denna kallas vanligtvis för fördjupad översiktsplan (3 kap. 23 § PBL). Översiktsplanen är inte bindande (3 kap. 3 § PBL). För att tydligöra rollen som översiktsplanen, enligt PBL, är avsedd att ha idag för detaljplane-läggningen har en litteraturstudie av nuvarande lagstiftning, propositioner till nuvarande och tidigare lagstiftning samt artiklar och rapporter som handlar om översiktsplanens roll. Även aktuella förslag till ändringar av lagstiftningen presenteras. För att empiriskt undersöka vilken betydelse översiktsplanen har idag för den efterföljande detaljplaneläggningen studeras planbeskrivningar till lagakraftvunna detaljplaner i Stock-holms län år 2012 för att undersöka vad översiktsplanen, enligt planbeskrivningen för respek-tive detaljplan, sade om det aktuella området. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att översiktsplanen faktiskt är vägledande då kommunerna i sin detaljplaneläggning i de allra flesta fall följer översiktsplanens anvisningar, trots att de inte har någon laglig skyldighet att göra så.
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Werner, Bianca Joy. "Essays in the Role of Overseeing Entities in Retirement Plans." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106886.

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Thesis advisor: Jonathan Reuter
This dissertation is comprised of three essays that focus on the role of overseeing entities in retirement plans. In the first essay, I study the role of trustee and non-trustee service providers as well as the composition of a firm's board of directors in overseeing 401(k) plans. I ask whether differences in the number and type of these 401(k) plan overseeing entities can explain differences in 401(k) plan performance and structural characteristics. Using a proprietary dataset of 401(k) plans, I find that having more trustee and non-trustee service providers results in better menu performance. However, these findings are not robust when benchmark adjusting performance. Second, I find that having more non-trustee service providers leads to less menu diversification and higher fund level expenses, but lower total plan expense. Last, having more trustee service providers and a greater percentage of insiders on a firm's board of directors results in a more generous company match. My results suggest that 401(k) plans are significantly impacted by oversight decisions, and that improving oversight quality may be a more effective way to mitigate 401(k) plan losses than focusing on increasing financial literacy of plan participants. In the second essay, I examine the nature of compensation for 401(k) plan consultants and ask whether variations in the form of compensation explain variations in 401(k) plan costs and menu performance. Using a proprietary dataset of 401(k) plans, I find that 401(k) plans which hire a consultant experience lower fund level fees and higher after-fee returns if the consultant does not participate in revenue sharing arrangements. In exchange for their services to improve plans, consultants without revenue sharing arrangements charge higher fees to offset their revenue losses from not having opaque arrangements. This results in higher administrative expenses for plans. The net effect is a 9.6 basis point annual gain for the average plan participant or a 24.7 basis point annual gain for a plan participant invested in the default menu choice, assuming that employees pay the higher administrative expense. My findings are robust to a narrower definition of a consultant, additional controls for investment expertise, retirement expertise and bargaining power, falsification tests, and propensity score matching. Overall, my findings suggest that 401(k) plan menu design may be improved through the use of a consultant if the consultant does not suffer from conflicts of interest. In the third essay, I empirically test whether governance mitigates underfunding in US public pension plans. Traditional governance proxies in public sector defined benefit plans focus on plan board of directors. However, plan responsibilities extend beyond the board and are addressed by state or plan policies and by other entities involved in pension oversight. Using unique governance survey data for US public pension plans, I measure governance in an agency theory framework and in a theoretical best practices framework. In the first framework, governance proxies include state and plan policies while in the second, governance proxies include the distribution of oversight responsibilities. I find that the most important governance policies are those that encourage sponsor commitment to paying required annual contributions. I also find that theoretical best practices do not mitigate plan underfunding
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Finance
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25

Patel, Sarjit, Ahmad Rkein, and Michael Sisk. "Pharmacists and Business Plans: Identifying Pharmacists’ and Pharmacy Students’ Comfort Level Developing Business Plans." The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623900.

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Class of 2010 Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the comfort level of pharmacists and 4th year pharmacy students regarding their ability to develop business plans and their perception of available resources to help them. METHODS: A questionnaire sought information on the comfort level on multiple sections of a business plan: mission statement, executive summary, description of business/service, marketing, operations, and finances. The questionnaire was sent electronically to pharmacy preceptors and pharmacy students at The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by a total of 94 pharmacists and student pharmacists (30% response rate). Of those 94 respondents, 55 were pharmacists, 35 were student pharmacists, and 4 were left unknown. Individuals between the ages of 21-29 were less comfortable with business plan concepts (p-values range from 0.005 to 0.028). Men were more comfortable with the business plan than women (all p-values <0.002). Pharmacists had shown to be more comfortable than student pharmacists in all areas of the business plan (all p-values <0.005). Forty-six percent of the individuals said there are currently not enough resources available and 83% of individuals said that there is a definite need for more training opportunities. Live, web-based CE courses and elective pharmacy curriculum courses were thought as the most beneficial training opportunities (29%, 30%, and 22%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for more resources and training opportunities to improve the comfort levels that pharmacists and student pharmacists have for business plans in order to help implement new innovative ideas that will continue to expand pharmacy services.
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Gespach, Francine. "La délégation de gestion des plans d'épargne retraite : l'exemple américain des plans 401 (k) /." Paris : la Documentation française, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388916207.

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27

Yan, Zelu. "Étude des panaches électrohydrodynamiques plans." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2279/document.

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Ce travail est une analyse de la structure des panaches Électrohydrodynamiques plans également appelés jets Électrohydrodynamiques en géométrie plane. Il a pour objectif de proposer une description la plus précise possible de l'écoulement, d'apporter une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes physiques notamment à l'aide de modèles simples et de quantifier la force électrique. Le chapitre I est une étude bibliographique qui propose un résumé des principales connaissances sur la structure de deux écoulements très similaires aux jets EHD : les jets classiques et les panaches thermiques. Le chapitre II est consacré à la présentation du montage expérimental, ainsi qu'à la méthodologie expérimentale utilisée dans cette étude. La qualité des mesures obtenues grâce à la méthode de vélocimétrie par images de particule y est discutée ; les problèmes de non corrélation, de convergence statistique des résultats y sont par exemple abordés. L'analyse des champs de vitesse permet de mettre en évidence la structure des panaches et de proposer une classification des jets EHD. Le chapitre III est consacré à l'étude de la force électrique dans les panaches EHD. L'actionneur utilisé pour produire le jet plan est de type lame-plan. Trois méthodes indirectes ont été utilisées pour estimer la force à partir du champ de vitesse. La première méthode appelée méthode intégrale classique calcule la force par intégration volumique de l'équation de Navier-Stokes. La deuxième méthode appelée méthode RANS intégrale estime la force à partir de chacun des termes de l'équation RANS en utilisant une décomposition de la vitesse en valeur moyenne et fluctuation. Enfin, la force est également calculée selon une troisième méthode basée sur une modélisation simplifiée de l'écoulement inspirée des travaux de Malraison et Atten. Dans le dernier chapitre, l'étude est étendue à un écoulement électroconvectif de type jet de paroi électrique. Il est généré par un actionneur à barrière diélectrique. L'étude est faite avec deux types des liquides diélectriques différents. Comme pour le jet plan, l'analyse des champs de vitesse permet de définir les structures de l'écoulement mais également de calculer l'intensité de la force produite
This work is related to the analysis of the structure of electrohydrodynamic plane plumes also called electrohydrodynamic jets in plane geometry. The aim of this work is to provide a more precise description and a better understanding of its physical phenomenon and to quantify the electric force using the simple models. Chapter I is a literature review which provides a summary of two flows with the structure very similar to EHD jets: classic jets and thermal plumes. Chapter II is devoted to the presentation of the experimental setup and method used in this study. The quality of the measurements obtained by the method of Particle Image Velocimetry is discussed; problems of non correlation and statistical convergence of the results are also discussed. The analysis of velocity fields allows us to identify the structure and propose a classification of the EHD plumes. Chapter III is devoted to the study of the electric force in the EHD plumes. The actuator used to produce the plane jet is a blade plane device. Three indirect methods were used to estimate the force from the velocity field. The first classical method called integral method calculates the force by volumetric integration of Navier-Stokes equations. The second method called RANS integral method estimates the force from each term of RANS equation using the average and fluctuating velocity components. Finally, the force is also calculated using a third approach with a simplified flow model based on the work of Malraison and Atten. In the last chapter, the study is extended to one type of électroconvectif flow: the electrical wall jet. It is generated by a dielectric barrier actuator. The study is carried out with two different dielectric liquids. As is the case with plane jet, the analysis of velocity fields is used to define the flow structures and calculate the force produced
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Gallant, Robert. "Tight orthogonal main effect plans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21347.pdf.

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Thompson, Andrew. "Financial reporting by superannualtion plans /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ect468.pdf.

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30

Herrero, Debón Alicia. "Models cosmològics inhomogenis conformement plans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9480.

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En aquest treball parlem de models cosmològics conformement plans en dos sentits, aquells que tenen una mètrica associada que és conformement plana en el sentit de mètrica d'espai-temps 4-dimensional, i aquells que tenen associades unes seccions espacials conformement planes en el sentit de mètriques 3-dimensionals. Ambdós sentits de mètriques conformement planes simplifiquen considerablement el tractament de les equacions d'Einstein al restringir-nos a espai-temps els quals tenen un únic grau de llibertat representat per una funció arbitrària de les coordenades. Als espais-temps conformement plans aquesta funció està representada pel factor de conformitat corresponent; mentre que als espais-temps amb seccions espacials conformement planes será el potencial gravitatori. En primer lloc estudiem els camps conformes Killing radials i les seues propietats (corbes integrals, caràcter causal, etc.) a l'espai-temps de Minkowski, especialment aquestes que no són invariants sota conformitats (acceleració, expansió, ...). A continuació establim un mètode cinemàtic per a l'obtenció de factors de conformitat a espai-temps conformement plans. Aquest mètode consisteix en imposar diferents condicions sobre les propietats cinemàtiques associades a aquests camps. Imposem principalment tres condicions: acceleració nul·la, la qual ens fa caure en el factor de conformitat de les mètriques de Robertson-Walker; expansió homogènia i seccions espacials amb curvatura seccional constant, les quals donen lloc a factors de conformitat d'espai-temps que generalitzen els universos de Robertson-Walker. El cas d'expansió homogènia és interpretable també mitjançant el transport Fermi de l'acceleració al llarg de les corbes integrals del camp. Les dues últimes condicions considerades conjuntament porten a una subclasse dels universos de Stephani.En segon lloc tractem el cas corresponent a models cosmològics inhomogenis conformement plans en el sentit que admeten seccions espacials conformes a la mètrica plana 3-dimensional. Ací s'hem plantejat un sistema més realista, estudiem la teoria relativista de les pertorbacions d'un univers d'Einstein-de Sitter. És a dir, tractem les equacions d'Einstein en forma evolutiva (formalisme 3+1) per a la mètrica d'Einstein-de Sitter i on el contingut material estarà generat per una funció de distribució de matèria freda i sense col·lisions que verifica l'equació de Vlasov. Tractem per tant el problema d'Einstein-Vlasov.Primerament tenim que les equacions d'Einstein es redueixen a una única equació diferencial de segon ordre per al potencial gravitatori  on els coeficients depenen del contingut energètic considerat. Aquests coeficients són determinats al resoldre l'equació de Vlasov sobre una funció de distribució de matèria fosca sense col·lisions considerada com una pertorbació analítica en els moments del cas de quasi-equilibri. La resolució d'aquesta equació fins a tercer ordre en els moments ens porta a la construcció d'un model sense anisotropies.A continuació, l'acoblament final de les equacions d'Einstein-Vlasov, una vegada obtinguda la forma de la densitat d'energia, la pressió mitjana i el fluxe de calor, ens porta a un problema de Cauchy de valors inicials per a l'evolució del potencial gravitatori.Finalment resolem l'esmentat problema de Cauchy, en el cas en què fem una teoria linealitzada de l'evolució, utilitzant la tècnica de les transformades de Fourier. Com l'equació és de segon ordre, cal considerar dues condicions inicials, una sobre el potencial i una altra sobre la seua primera derivada temporal. Trobem la solució general d'aquest problema linealitzat a l'espai real i en el cas de simetria esfèrica expressem aquesta solució en termes d'integrals unidimensionals de les condicions inicials. L'aplicació a Cosmologia via el contrast de densitat ens permet estudiar la formació de cúmuls de galaxies i analitzar els resultats corresponents.Això porta a que la teoria relativista linealitzada de l'evolució de les pertorbacions de Friedmann pot donar creiximents considerables del contrast de densitat, la qual cosa pot ser relevant per a la formació d'estructures.
Firstly, we study inhomogeneous cosmological models whose 4-dimensional metric is conformally flat. In these space-times we analyse the properties of radial conformal Killing vector fields (RCKF) as a way to obtain conformal factors. For example, the condition of nullity for the acceleration leads to the conformal factor of the Robertson-Walker metrics. Other conditions like homogeneous expansion or the existence of orthogonal (to a RCKF) surfaces with constant curvature allow obtaining conformal factors of space-times that generalise the Robertson-Walker universes. Secondly, we study cosmological models that admit conformally flat space-like sections. Concretely, we examine the relativistic theory of perturbations of an Einstein-de Sitter Universe in evolutive form. We consider that the energetic content is generated by a distribution function of collision-less cold matter (Einstein-Vlasov problem). The Einstein equations lead to a second order differential equation for the gravitational potential. We solve the Cauchy problem in the linealized case and for a model without anisotropies. It is necessary to consider two initial conditions, one of them over the potential and the other one over its first time derivative. In the spherical symmetric case the solution is expressed in terms of one-dimensional integrals of the initial conditions.This analysis leads to that the linealized relativistic theory of evolution of Friedmann perturbations can give big enhancements of the density contrast. This can be relevant to structure formation.
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31

Dewar, Richard George. "Assembly plans from virtual environments." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1288.

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32

Barry, El-Hadj Ibrahima. "Problèmes plans en thermoélasticité linéaire." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10182.

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33

Ndong, Patrick. "Émotions, habitudes et plans d'actions." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10030.

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Au moment où les émotions constituent un sujet de prédilection en philosophie, en psychologie, en économie, et dans les neurosciences en général, un constat se dégage cependant : celui de l'ignorance de l'influence des habitudes sur l'expression des émotions, dans la période contemporaine. Or, nous pensons qu'il est difficile de comprendre l'occurrence d'une émotion si l'on intègre pas le rôle que jouent les habitudes, et la façon dont les émotions et les habitudes s'influencent mutuellement. Cet oubli de l'importance du rapport entre émotions et habitudes se retrouve au sein de la philosophie de l'action. Car, si les théoriciens de l'action ont beaucoup réfléchi sur les plans d'actions et sur l'action en général, nulle part n'apparaît dans leurs travaux le rôle que jouent les habitudes aussi bien dans la facilitation de certains plans d'actions que la compréhension de nombres des actions humaines. Enfin, il s'agira de montrer comment les émotions sont indispensables à la cognition. C'est donc les rapports que habitudes et émotions, habitudes et plans d'actions, et enfin émotions et plans d'actions entretiennent que nous développons dans ce travail.
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34

Jin, Hong 1968 Jan 4. "Designing robust railroad blocking plans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50477.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-130).
On major domestic railroads, a typical general merchandise shipment, or commodity, may pass through many classification yards on its route from origin to destination. At these yards, the incoming traffic, which may consist of several shipments, is reclassified (sorted and grouped together) to be placed on outgoing trains. On average, each reclassification results in an one day delay for the shipment. In addition, the classification process is labor and capital intensive. To prevent shipments from being reclassified at every yard they pass through, several shipments may be grouped together to form a block. The blocking problem consists of choosing the set of blocks to be built at each terminal (the blocking plan) and assigning each commodity to a series of blocks that will take it from origin to destination. It is one of the most important problems in railroad freight transportation since a good blocking plan can reduce the number of reclassifications of the shipments, thus reducing operating costs and delays associated with excess reclassifications. We provide a variety of model formulations that attain the minimum costs for different problem instances. The deterministic model identifies the blocking plan for the problems with certainty in problem inputs. Static stochastic models provide blocking plans that are feasible for all possible realizations of uncertainties in demand and supply. Dynamic stochastic models generate blocking plans that balance flow costs and plan change costs for possible realizations of uncertainties. We adopt Lagrangian relaxation techniques to decompose the resulting huge mixed integer programming models into two smaller subproblems. This reduces storage requirements and computational efforts to solve these huge problems. We propose other enhancements to reduce computational burden, such as adding a set of valid inequalities and using advanced start dual solutions. These enhancements help tighten the lower bounds and facilitate the generation of high quality feasible solutions. We test the proposed models and solution approaches using the data from a major railroad. Compared to current blocking plans, the solutions from our model reduce the total number of classifications significantly, leading to potential savings of millions of dollars annually. We also investigate various problem aggregation techniques to determine the appropriate ways of generating satisfactory blocking plans with different levels of computational resources. We illustrate the benefits of robust planning by comparing the total costs of our robust plans with those of our deterministic plans. The experiments show that the the realized costs can be reduced by around 50% using robust blocking plans.
by Hong Jin.
Ph.D.
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35

Liddle, Kathryn. "Curriculum and Sample Lesson Plans." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111150109.

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36

Barry, El-Hadj Ibrahima. "Problèmes plans en thermoélasticité linéaire." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593850j.

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37

Ho, Kenenth Wing-Por. "Strategic marketing plans for China." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.

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38

Fournier-Antonini, Guenièvre. "Barcelone, Gênes et Marseille : cartographie & images (XVe-XIXe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0053.

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Les représentations de Barcelone, Gênes et Marseille sont étudiées en tant qu'objet autonome, et non en tant que source de l'histoire urbaine. La constitution de trois corpus regroupant plus de 1100 vues et plans sur une longue durée permet de saisir l'ensemble de la production et des usages, ainsi que les conceptions graphiques et mentales de la ville. À travers différents croisements de l'objet et des procédures de recherches, cette étude a deux objectifs: une meilleure connaissance des représentations (typologie, datation, opérateurs, publications) et une meilleure compréhension des enjeux et des processus. L'étude des dynamiques des images souligne les évolutions communes, notamment la cristallisation d'une forme visuelle. Les formes de commande et les productions sont étudiées pour éclairer les pratiques et les usages cartographiques institutionnels et individuels. Le rapport entre le plan et la construction de l'imaginaire est analysé, en s'appuyant sur les récits des voyageurs
The representations of Barcelona, Genoa and Marseilles are studied as an autonomous object, and not as a source of the urban history. The constitution of three corpus of more than 1100 views and plans over long rime allows to seize the who le production and uses, as well as the different dynamic ones from graphic and mental conception of the city. Through various crossings concerning at the same rime the object and the procedures of research, this study has two objectives: a better knowledge of the representations (typology, dating, operators, publications) and a better comprehension of the processes. The study of dynamic of urban pictures shows the diversity and the common evolutions of the representations, for example the crystallization of a visual form. The various forms of cartographic commissions and productions are analysed, also the relation between the representation of urban space and the construction of imaginary, based on descriptions of the cities in travellers' narrative
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Ersöz, Timur. "Sustainable Development in Swedish and Canadian Campus Plans." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234243.

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The concept of sustainable development being integrated into strategic spatial plans has increased in recent years. University campus plans are examples of such spatial plans, and these form the focus of this study. Sustainable development is a contested concept that lacks clarity and specific guidelines, which has led to various interpretations of the concept around the world. Campus plans in the present are not perfect regarding the implementation of sustainable development on campus. Three Canadian and three Swedish campus plans have been evaluated through content analysis in order to determine the sustainable aspects that were brought up. Furthermore, neighborhood assessment and certification systems were used to identify the sustainability aspects needed in a community. The campus plans differ from each other with regard to the sustainability aspects included and how these were addressed. The campus plans include strategies on how to address the sustainability aspects. The results show different understandings of sustainable development in campuses in the two nations. The major differences between the campus plans were that the Swedish campus plans brought up ecological aspects such as green structure and climate adaptation which were lacking in the Canadian campus plans. The Canadian campus plans on the other hand focused more on the social and the economic dimensions of sustainable development. There were also differences between the campus plans within the same nation. The different strategies between the campus plans can be used to complement each other. The shared knowledge and experience between these plans can help to improve the interpretation of sustainable development in campus plans. We can learn from the pros and cons of the different campus plans in order to enhance and improve the strategies to achieve sustainability in future campuses. The criteria from neighborhood assessment tools also help with developing campus plans and improving strategies which enable sustainable development.
Hållbar utveckling är ett begrepp som alltmer har integrerats i strategiska regionsplaner under senare år. Universitetscampus/områden är exempel på sådana regionsplaner, och universitetscampus kommer att utgöra fokus i den här studien. Hållbar utveckling är ett ifrågasatt koncept som saknar tydliga och specifika riktlinjer, vilket har lett till olika tolkningar av begreppet runtom i världen. Campusplaner idag är inte perfekta när det gäller genomförandet av hållbar utveckling på campus. Tre kanadensiska och tre svenska campusplaner har utvärderats genom en innehållsanalys, med syfte att fastställa vilka hållbarhetsaspekter som har tagits i beaktande i de olika planerna. Dessutom, har certifieringssystem använts för att identifiera de hållbarhetsaspekter som behövs i ett samhälle. Campusplanerna skiljer sig från varandra beträffande vilka hållbarhetsaspekter som har inkluderats samt hur dessa har behandlats. Campusplanerna innehåller strategier vilket beskriver hur aspekterna ska behandlas. Resultaten visar på en skillnad i förståelsen av hållbar utveckling av campusplanerna i de två länderna. De huvudsakliga skillnaderna mellan campusplanerna är att de svenska campusplanerna tar fasta på ekologiska aspekter, som en grön struktur och miljöanpassning, vilket saknas i de kanadensiska campusplanerna. De kanadensiska campusplanerna å andra sidan fokuserar mer på de sociala och ekonomiska dimensionerna av hållbar utveckling. Dessutom finns det skillnader mellan campusplanerna inom samma land. De olika strategierna mellan de olika campusplanerna kan med fördel användas för att komplettera varandra. Den kunskap och erfarenhet som de olika planerna bidrar med kan användas för att förbättra tolkningen och förståelsen av hållbar utveckling av campusplaner. Vi kan lära oss av de olika campusplanernas för- och nackdelar i syfte att förfina och förbättra våra strategier för att uppnå hållbarhet på framtida campus.
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40

Kari, Hassan Abdulfattah. "The implementation of urban plans : the case of Medina Master Directive Plan, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14827/.

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41

Lissing, Johan. "Video coding using compressed transportation plans." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8335.

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A transportation plan is a byproduct from the calculation of the Kantorovich distance between two images. It describes a transformation from one of the images to the other. This master thesis shows how transportation plans can be used for video coding and how to process the transportation plans to achieve a good bitrate/quality ratio. Various parameters are evaluated using an implemented transportation plan video coder.

The introduction of transform coding with DCT proves to be very useful, as it reduces the size of the resulting transportation plans. DCT coding roughly gives a 10-fold decrease in bitrate with maintained quality compared to the nontransformed transportation plan coding.

With the best settings for transportation plan coding, I was able to code a test sequence at about 5 times the bitrate for MPEG coding of the same sequence with similar quality.

As video coding using transportation plans is a very new concept, the thesis is ended with conclusions on the test results and suggestions for future research in this area.

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42

Sundequist, Blomdahl Karl. "Contingency Plans for Air Traffic Management." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-129470.

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We present two heuristics based on constraint technology that solve the problem of generating air traffic management contingency plans, which are used in the case of a catastrophic infrastructure failure within EUROCONTROL, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. Of the heuristics presented, one is based on constraint-based local search and tabu search, and the other one is a constraint programming and large neighbourhood search hybrid algorithm. The heuristics show that it is feasible to automate the development of contingency plans, which is currently done by human experts; this is desirable for several reasons, for example it would allow the contingency plans to be generated with an increased frequency. The generated plans were evaluated, by EUROCONTROL, to be at least as good as the human-made ones.

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43

Staniūnas, Mindaugas. "Ecological assessment in urban comprehensive plans." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131125_100630-65141.

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In the 21st century, cities have more than ever been associated with the possibilities of business development, favourable workplaces and residence, yet there is growing concern about the environmental condition of city zones. The assessment of territorial planning document solutions is confirmed by laws; however, in Lithuania there is no clear system allowing one to quantitatively assess the essential ecological indicators, and the indicators themselves are not defined. The object of the work is the ecology of city being understood as a part of general ecology. The model of ecology of city has been proposed which could be suitable for the specialists in the sphere of planning and would allow managing the fundamental issues of city ecology. The model focuses on quantitative assessment and, having regard to the impact trend, comprises the main two parts: external and inner ecology of city. Having determined that the impact of cities on the world’s ecological processes has little been investigated, the external ecology of city and its main drivers i.e. waste and energy sectors have been selected for deeper analysis. Referring to international agreements of legal obligation, exposure limits have been established: reduction of emissions from 8–30 %. The emissions of the mentioned sectors are interconnected with quantitative parameters used in planning and with the aims, set in the dissertation, of emissions reduction. It has been estimated that during the validity of urban... [to full text]
XXI a. miestai labiau nei bet kada anksčiau yra siejami su verslo vystymo galimybėmis, paslaugų teikimu, patraukliomis darbo ir gyvenamosiomis vietomis, tačiau tuo pat metu didėja susirūpinimas dėl miestų zonų aplinkos būklės. Teritorijų planavimo dokumentų sprendinių poveikio vertinimas yra įtvirtintas įstatymais, tačiau Lietuvoje nėra aiškios sistemos, leidžiančios kiekybiškai įvertinti svarbiausius ekologinius rodiklius, be to, ir patys rodikliai nėra apibrėžti. Disertacijos tyrimo objektas – miesto ekologija, ją suvokiant kaip bendrosios ekologijos dalį, veikiančią ir veikiamą miestų aplinkoje. Darbe pasiūlytas miesto ekologijos modelis, kuris būtų tinkamas planavimo specialistams ir sudarytų prielaidas efektyviau valdyti pagrindines miestų ekologijos problemas. Modelis orientuotas į kiekybinį vertinimą ir, atsižvelgiant į poveikio kryptį, yra sudarytas iš dviejų pagrindinių dalių: išorinės ir vidinės miesto ekologijos. Įvertinus, kad miestų įtaka pasauliniams ekologiniams procesams yra mažai tyrinėta, detalesnei analizei buvo pasirinkta būtent išorinė miesto ekologija ir labiausiai ją veikiantys atliekų ir energetikos sektoriai. Remiantis tarptautiniais teisiškai įpareigojančiais susitarimais, nustatytos ribinės vertės – emisijų mažinimas nuo 8 % iki 30 %. Atliekų ir energetikos sektorių emisijos susietos su planuojant naudojamais kiekybiniais parametrais ir nustatytais emisijų mažinimo tikslais. Apskaičiuota, kad miestų bendrųjų planų galiojimo laikotarpiu statistinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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44

Lanfear, Robert. "The evolution of animal body plans." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487899.

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It is thought that the great majority of the phenotypic disparity present in the animal kingdom was generated in a relatively short time during the Cambrian explosion, around 500 million years ago. Furthermore, it has been suggested that animal body plans have remained largely unchanged since then. In this thesis I describe a series of studies aimed at furthering the understanding ofthe evolution of animal body plans. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate the evolution of segmentation within the animal kingdom. Specifically, Chapters 2 and 3 describe the molecular and functional analyses of the Notch And Delfa homologues of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. These chapters show for the first time that the Notch pathway is crucial for the development of segments in an insect, a result which, in light of recent work on segmentation in the spider, strongly suggests that Notch-mediated segmentation was ancestral for both insects and arthropods, and lends >. Illlpport to the hypothesis that the segmentation mechanisms in arthropods and chordates may be homologous. Chapters 2 and 3 have been submitted for publication as a research paper in PNAS, in combination with further work that was performed in this system by Juan Pablo Couso and Jose Inyaki Pueyo.
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45

eurviriyanukul, kwanchai. "adaptive query processing in pipelined plans." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492914.

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This thesis presents an approach to enable changes to partially evaluated pipelined Query-Execution Plans (QEPs) at run-time to recover from optimisation mistakes in cardinality estimation according to the absences of accurate statistics. These mistakes may influence an optimiser to select in-efficient QEPs.
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46

Perdicoulis, Anastassios. "Appraisal of local authority development plans." Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360434.

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47

Finney, Sarah 1974. "On learning task-directed motion plans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46615.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-129).
Robotic motion planning is a hard problem for robots with more than just a few degrees of freedom. Modern probabilistic planners are able to solve many problems very quickly, but for difficult problems, they are still unacceptably slow for many applications. This thesis concerns the use of previous planning experience to allow the agent to generate motion plans very quickly when faced with new but related problems. We first investigate a technique for learning from previous experience by simply remembering past solutions and applying them where relevant to new problems. We find that this approach is useful in environments with very low variability in obstacle placement and task endpoints, and that it is important to keep the set of stored plans small to improve performance. However, we would like to be able to better generalize our previous experience so we next investigate a technique for learning parameterized motion plans. A parameterized motion plan is a function from planning problem parameters to a motion plan. In our approach, we learn a set of parameterized subpaths, which we can use as suggestions for a probabilistic planner, leading to substantially reduced planning times. We find that this technique is successful in several standard motion planning domains. However, as the domains get more complex, the technique produces less of an advantage. We discover that the learning problem as we have posed it is likely to be intractible, and that the complexity of the problem is due to the redundancy of the robotics platform. We suggest several possible approaches for addressing this problem as future work.
by Sarah J. Finney.
Ph.D.
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48

Choudhury, Charisma Farheen 1978. "Modeling driving decisions with latent plans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42220.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-238).
Driving is a complex task that includes a series of interdependent decisions. In many situations, these decisions are based on a specific plan. The plan is however unobserved or latent and only the manifestations of the plan through actions are observed. Examples include selection of a target lane before execution of the lane change, choice of a merging tactic before execution of the merge. Change in circumstances (e.g. reaction of the neighboring drivers, delay in execution) can lead to updates to the initially chosen plan. These latent plans are ignored in the state-of-the-art driving behavior models. Use of these myopic models in the traffic simulators often lead to unrealistic traffic flow characteristics and incorrect representation of congestion. A modeling methodology has been formulated to address the effects of unobserved plans in the decisions of the drivers and hence overcome the deficiency of the existing driving behavior models and simulation tools. The actions of the driver are conditional on the current plan. The current plan can depend on previous plans and be influenced by anticipated future conditions. A Hidden Markov Model is used to address the effect of previous plans in the choice of the current plan and to capture the state-dependence among decisions. Effects of anticipated future circumstances in the current plan are captured through predicted conditions based on current information. The heterogeneity in decision making and planning capabilities of drivers are explicitly addressed. The methodology has been applied in developing driving behavior models for four traffic scenarios: freeway lane changing, freeway merging, urban intersection lane choice and urban arterial lane changing. In all applications, the models are estimated with disaggregate trajectory data using the maximum likelihood technique.
(cont.) Estimation results show that the latent plan models have a significantly better goodness-of-fit compared to the 'reduced form' models where the latent plans are ignored and only the choice of actions are modeled. The justifications for using the latent plan modeling approach are further strengthened by validation case studies within the microscopic traffic simulator MITSIMLab where the simulation capabilities of the latent plan models are compared against the reduced form models. In all cases, the latent plan models better replicate the observed traffic conditions.
by Charisma Farheen Choudhury.
Ph.D.
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49

Clouse, Kimberly. "Best Laid Plans and Other Betrayals." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1523.

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50

Carneiro, Felipe Pinho. "Effects of sponsorship in dental plans." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8773.

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nÃo hÃ
The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the existence of moral hazard in the dental plans market when there is some kind of sponsorship in cash counter installments. This paper compares the behavior between plans with total sponsorship, with partial sponsorship and without sponsorship. Count Models were used to measure the over use of dental services. Empirical data from a exclusively dental plan, characterized by ANS as Odontologic Group, were collected, processed, described and analyzed to test the hypotheses raised about the moral hazard reduction when there is any kind of sponsorship. The results revealed strong evidence of regionalism in demand for appointments, showing localities where the sponsorship effect decreases the demand for appointments and other locations where the same effect increases this same demand.
O objetivo deste estudo à identificar e caracterizar a existÃncia do risco moral no mercado de planos odontolÃgicos quando da existÃncia de algum tipo de patrocÃnio nas contraprestaÃÃes pecuniÃrias. Este trabalho compara o comportamento de utilizaÃÃo entre planos com patrocÃnio total, com patrocÃnio parcial e sem patrocÃnio. Fez-se uso dos modelos de contagem visando mensurar a sobreutilizaÃÃo dos serviÃos odontolÃgicos. Dados empÃricos oriundos de uma operadora exclusivamente odontolÃgica, caracterizada pela ANS como odontologia de grupo, foram coletados, tratados, descritos e analisados buscando testar as hipÃteses levantadas sobre a reduÃÃo do risco moral quando hà algum tipo de patrocÃnio. Os resultados revelaram fortes indÃcios de regionalismo na demanda por consultas, apresentando localidades onde o efeito de patrocÃnio diminui a demanda por consultas e outras localidades onde o mesmo efeito aumenta esta demanda.
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