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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planning'
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1
Allen, Christopher James. "Improving construction planning through 4D planning." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/467.
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Construction Planning will increasingly play a more critical role within the realm of the Built Environment. Existing practices used to plan and communicate the construction process to be undertaken are failing to deliver the desired results for construction companies and clients alike. At a time of unprecedented growth in the industry around the world, which is leading to a general skills shortage, especially in management positions, construction planners are increasingly being asked to deal with more responsibility. As with other industries, technological improvement in the tools at their disposal is one way to address the inadequacies of the present situation. Increasingly, three dimensional design packages are being used to generate construction information which can then be used for quantities calculations, automated manufacturing processes and construction simulation. The latter forms the basis for their use in the process of planning, through new technologies being developed as virtual construction tools or 4D planning, the addition of time to the 3D model environment, but using the elements within the model as the basis for the construction programme. The benefit of using the design information to form the basis of the programme is that the interface tasks and logistical activities, as well as location related constraints, can be identified and then communicated to all levels within the construction team through a time based visual image. The purpose of this study is therefore to establish a scientifically analysed alternative method for the creation, review and delivery of construction programmes. In order to achieve the research objectives, three methodologies have been employed. Firstly, the literature review in the fields of planning including existing methodologies and previous research of 4D related techniques has been analysed. An overview of the perceived weaknesses to current practises and proposed solution will be explored and best case scenarios outlined and further investigated. Secondly, the 51 Lime Street project provides an environment in which the proposed 4D planning techniques have been implemented and the benefits of the process can, through observation / participation methodology, be validated. Thirdly, through interview questionnaires, with Lime St contractors and management, and e-mail questionnaires to a broader sample stratum, data on the ability of the tools, the techniques employed on 51 Lime Street and similar projects have been collated and statistically analysed to validate the reliability and relevance for future implementation. The result of the research will provide management teams with a practical alternative to existing planning methodologies. Construction planners will have alternative technique that can further enhance their role within the project team whilst increasing their ability to communicate the team’s vision to a wider audience, making them and the project more efficient and effective in the process. It has been proposed that clients insist on the use of 3D from the commencement of the design process so that this information can be passed downstream through the construction process and onto facilities management. Planners need to be able to communicate their requirements better and the 4D planning models provide both a more inclusive way of planning alongside a better communications medium in the form of moving images. A picture tells a thousand words.
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Vonk, Guido A. "Improving planning support : the use of planning support systems for spatial planning /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0802/2006436743.html.
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Boothe, Barbara. "Linking assessment, strategic planning, and budget planning." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2002. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Lau, Chi-ting, and 劉志庭. "Community planning: an alternative approach of planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125827X.
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Lau, Chi-ting. "Community planning : an alternative approach of planning /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814229.
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Ambrose, Aleta. "The integration of health planning and social planning /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19431.pdf.
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Liu, Yaxin. "Decision-Theoretic Planning under Risk-Sensitive Planning Objectives." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6959.
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Risk attitudes are important for human decision making, especially in scenarios where huge wins or losses are possible, as exemplified by planetary rover navigation, oilspill response, and business applications. Decision-theoretic planners therefore need to take risk aspects into account to serve their users better. However, most existing decision-theoretic planners use simplistic planning objectives that are risk-neutral. The thesis research is the first comprehensive study of how to incorporate risk attitudes into decision-theoretic planners and solve large-scale planning problems represented as Markov decision process models. The thesis consists of three parts.
The first part of the thesis work studies risk-sensitive planning in case where exponential utility functions are used to model risk attitudes. I show that existing decision-theoretic planners can be transformed to take risk attitudes into account. Moreover, different versions of the transformation are needed if the transition probabilities are implicitly given, namely, temporally extended probabilities and probabilities given in a factored form.
The second part of the thesis work studies risk-sensitive planning in case where general nonlinear utility functions are used to model risk attitudes. I show that a state-augmentation approach can be used to reduce a risk-sensitive planning problem to a risk-neutral planning problem with an augmented state space. I further use a functional interpretation of value functions and approximation methods to solve the planning problems efficiently with value iteration. I also show an exact method for solving risk-sensitive planning problems where one-switch utility functions are used to model risk attitudes.
The third part of the thesis work studies risk sensitive planning in case where arbitrary rewards are used. I propose a spectrum of conditions that can be used to constrain the utility function and the planning problem so that the optimal expected utilities exist and are finite. I prove that the existence and finiteness properties hold for stationary plans, where the action to perform in each state does not change over time, under different sets of conditions.
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Lekanov, Alexey. "Logistics Planning Module for Microsoft AX: Demand Planning." Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21091.
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One could hardly find a person who would disagree that the information technology is essential part of any business today. In the same way it is known how a proper demand planning process can assist an organization in making correct decisions at the right time and is therefore also vital for its success. Having all this in mind, one could expect the modern IT systems to have a good support for demand planning, but this is not always the case, like it is with the ERP system Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012. This ERP system has only limited support for forecasting, and Logica, a consultancy company offering among others Dynamics AX to its customers, in collaboration with Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), would like to develop this functionality seamlessly built into AX 2012.This master thesis is about making a research at the demand planning and supply chain management fields in order to identify current state-of-the-art demand planning process and requirements specification for a Demand Planning Module to support such process, and, based on this, find a way to seamlessly build Demand Planning Module’s functionality into AX 2012 with all the benefits such smooth integration provides.The research presented in this work, provides first a short presentation of ERP systems and their disability to properly support supply chain management, concluding with remarks about ERP II vision being an attempt to counter this disability. Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 and its insufficient demand planning functionality are then specifically addressed. After that the demand planning field is studied, a common demand planning framework is proposed. The framework describes the entire, what is believed, state-of-the-art demand planning process including (i) understanding of purpose, benefits and conditions of demand planning process, (ii) structuring data in a way that a quality forecasting process can be run, (iii) the forecasting process itself which uses qualitative, quantitative and collaborative approaches and (iv) critically reviewing and analyzing the demand planning process and looking for the ways to improve it. Afterwards, a short classification of forecasting methods is presented, dividing the methods into qualitative and quantitative, where the latter ones are further partitioned into naïve, time-series, causal and simulation. Some of the forecasting techniques are described in details while others are briefly presented. It is also shown that forecasts are always wrong and there is a need for error metrics to evaluate the forecasts’ performance; the most common metrics are described. This theory study, and first and foremost the common framework, results in a generic requirements specification for Demand Planning Module, which is then compared to the AX 2012 forecasting functionality. Many functional gaps are identified by this comparison and an attempt to solve them via developing user-oriented solution design and corresponding functional modifications specifications is given. The attempt, though, proved to have strong limitations in form of the author’s insufficient training and in-depth understanding of AX 2012 and its processes’ correlation to each other.
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Chang, D. Tilly (Doris Tilly). "Analysis of financial planning requirements in transportation planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65045.
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Broderick, Jane Tingle. "Divergent Planning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4238.
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Sullivan, Donna Marie. "Logistics planning and logistics planning factors for humanitarian operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303995.
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Ferrer, Mestres Jonathan. "Combined task and motion planning as classical AI planning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/563078.
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Planning in robotics is often split into task and motion planning. The task planner decides what needs to be done, while the motion planner fills up geometric details. However, such a decomposition is not effective in general as the symbolic and geometrical components are not independent. This dissertations shows that it is possible to compile combined task and motion planning problems (CTMP) into classical planning problems; i.e., planning problems over finite and discrete state spaces with a known initial state, deterministic actions, and goal states to be reached. Motion planners and collision checkers are used for the compilation, but not at planning time. What makes our approach effective is 1) a fully compilation of CTMP problems into classical planning problems, 2) expressive classical planning languages for representing compiled problems, using functions and state constraints, 3) general planning algorithms capable of finding plans for CTMP problems using domain-independent heuristics.La planificació en robòtica es divideix en planificació de tasques i planificació de moviments. El planificador de tasques decideix que és el que s’ha de fer, mentre el planificador de moviments s’encarrega dels detalls geomètrics. Aquesta descomposició no és efectiva, ja que els components simbòlics i geomètrics no són independents. En aquesta tesi, demostrem que és possible compilar problemes de planificació de tasques i moviments a problemes de planificació clàssica, és a dir, problemes sobre un espai d’estats finit, amb coneixement de l’estat inicial i accions deterministes. En aquesta proposta, els planificadors de moviments només s’utilitzen durant la compilació, no durant la cerca. El que fa aquesta tesi robusta és: 1) un procés de compilació de problemes de planificació de tasques i moviments a problemes de planificació clàssica, 2) uns llenguatges expressius per representar problemes compilats, utilitzant funcions i restriccions d’estats, 3) algorismes de cerca amb heurístiques independents del domini.
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Hatherill, Jessica L. "Planning for Change| Engaging University Staff in Strategic Planning." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10666709.
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Universities are under pressure from multiple directions with accrediting bodies requiring increased focus on institutional planning efforts. University staff who manage programs, provide student services, and serve in other specialized roles are at the forefront of this changing environment. These employees may have difficulty understanding how their daily work relates to institutional planning efforts and resist change imposed from the top.
While researchers have examined employee engagement during change efforts, staff participation in strategic planning in higher education constitutes an overlooked topic. The aim of the study was to address three questions: 1) How and to what extent have university leaders communicated the strategic plan and the steps in the planning process to staff? 2) How and to what extent have staff responded to the strategic planning process? 3) What are the perceptions of middle managers involved in implementing strategic initiatives?
The study occurred at Mid-Atlantic University (MAU), a public research university located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. MAU began a strategic planning process and instructed schools and administrative units to align their strategic plans with the MAU plan before entering the implementation phase.
Study participants included eight middle managers, individuals who direct programs, supervise other staff, and are in the middle of the institution’s hierarchy. A 45-minute semi-structured interview elicited information on staff reactions to the strategic plan, communication of strategic initiatives at the university and school level, and interactions between supervisors and employees. The researcher collected and analyzed documents from the university’s strategic planning website, the staff governance association, and university publications.
Several themes emerged in the areas of communication, staff responses, and perceptions of implementation. These themes included: 1) communication of the strategic planning process did not permeate the organization; 2) staff members responded in three main ways: searching for understanding, getting excited, or becoming disillusioned or resigned to the ongoing changes; and 3) a disconnection between the planning process and implementation. This paper adds to the current body of literature and includes implications for practice and recommendations for future research in the area of staff involvement in planned change initiatives in higher education.
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Hung, Wing-yee Connie. "Property rights analysis on planning applications and planning appeals." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B3793496X.
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Yang, Yihong. "Integrated quality control planning in computer-aided manufacturing planning." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-041607-164054/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: In-process inspection; tolerance assignment; tolerance stack-up analysis; quality control planning. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-148).
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Goodspeed, Robert (Robert Charles). "Planning support systems for spatial planning through social learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81739.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-271).
This dissertation examines new professional practices in urban planning that utilize new types of spatial planning support systems (PSS) based on geographic information systems (GIS) software. Through a mixed-methods research design, the dissertation investigates the role of these new technologies in planning workshops, processes, and as metropolitan infrastructures. In particular, PSS are viewed as supporting social learning in spatial planning processes. The study includes cases in Boston, Kansas City, and Austin. The findings indicate high levels of social learning, broadly confirming the collaborative planning theory literature. Participants at planning workshops that incorporated embodied computing interaction designs reported higher levels of two forms of learning drawn from Argyris and Schöns' theory of organizational learning: single and double loop learning. Single loop learning is measured as reported learning. Double loop learning, characterized by deliberation about goals and values, is measured with a novel summative scale. These workshops utilized PSS to contribute indicators to the discussion through the use of paper maps for input and human operators for output. A regression analysis reveals that the PSS contributed to learning by encouraging imagination, engagement, and alignment. Participantsʼ perceived identities as planners, personality characteristics, and frequency of meeting attendance were also related to the learning outcomes. However, less learning was observed at workshops with many detailed maps and limited time for discussion, and exercises lacking PSS feedback. The development of PSS infrastructure is investigated by conducting a qualitative analysis of focus groups of professional planners, and a case where a PSS was planned but not implemented. The dissertation draws on the research literatures on learning, PSS and urban computer models, and planning theory. The research design is influenced by a sociotechnical perspective and design research paradigms from several fields. The dissertation argues social learning is required to achieve many normative goals in planning, such as institutional change and urban sustainability. The relationship between planning processes and outcomes, and implications of information technology trends for PSS and spatial planning are discussed.
by Robert Goodspeed.
Ph.D.
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Basit, Syed Abdul, and Omar Malik. "Planning and Analysis of Knowledge Intensive Enterprise Resource Planning Systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4327.
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ERP software and applications have become basic requirement of almost every organization in order to compete with each other and in time constraint. In order to develop an efficient application, project planning and analysis play very important role in better understanding of the problem domain and to provide a risk free solution. There are many different approaches which software developers used to develop the systems. These traditional approaches have some drawbacks and constraints. Either these are ad-hoc basis or have some fixed patterns and rules. We discussed all these techniques and suggest that planning and analysis of ERP application during its development can be done by applying more appropriate knowledge engineering commonKADS model. CommonKADS is a structured approach, It comprises of different model suites. Thesis presents that by using commonKADS model for project planning and analysis, real problem domain and efficient solution can be identified. Also domain process is identified. Tasks related to each process in the domain are identified. Knowledge assets related to each task are identified. These features help in defining real knowledge specification. In this way, ERP applications can be made knowledge based. ERP systems were introduced to solve different organizational problems and provide integrated structure. Although ERP packages offer advantages to enterprises, they have not achieved many of their anticipated benefits. Autonomous and heterogeneous applications co-exist in companies with ERP systems and integration problem having not been addressed. This thesis seeks to make some suggestions to this area by studying and analyzing ERP problems, through mapping commonKADS methodology in a case study. Thesis in start, presents an overview about ERP applications, Knowledge Engineering and commonKADS methodology. In the end, thesis presents our contribution a case study ―online courses Registration Portal for BTH which shows that planning and analysis of ERP applications by using commonKADS methodology helps in reaching knowledge based and more accurate solutions.Syed Abdul Basit basitbth@gmail.com, Omar Malik omar_m20@hotmail.com.
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Ljung, Stina. "Approaches to participative planning : Potential applications in municipal energy planning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-62198.
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This thesis explores potential participatory approaches suitable for a municipal energy planning context. It also analyses the possibility of using those approaches in energy planning processes in ten Swedish municipalities. Swedish municipal energy plans display differences in terms of quality, comprehensiveness and implementation. According to participation literature, planning processes can be improved by stakeholder participation. This study was carried out in four steps: creation of a theoretical framework, survey investigating the municipal energy planners’ views on participation, relating the planners’ views with the theoretical framework and creating suggestions for which participatory approaches to use in the municipalities. Participatory approaches found in literature were categorised into: democracy based, social learning and policy driven participation. Literature states that stakeholder participation should be done as early as possible in a process, but findings from the survey show that those municipalities that have come furthest in their planning process are the ones most interested in stakeholder participation. Indicating that energy planning processes need to gain a sense of maturity before it is even possible to think about involving other stakeholders. Another result shows differences in objectives, central values and targeted stakeholders between the different municipalities. One conclusion from this thesis is the importance for municipalities to understand their objectives for stakeholder participation, since objectives partly determines what kind of participatory approach that will be suitable to use in a given situation.
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Hartfiel, Robert Michael. "Planning without guidance : Canadian defense policy and planning, 1993-2004." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4079.
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The decade between the release of Canada’s 1994 Defence White Paper and its 2005
International Policy Statement was a period of crisis within the Canadian Forces (CF). The CF’s
operational tempo increased significantly even as the defence budget was cut by a quarter.
Defence issues were perceived to have very little profile in Ottawa., and military officers felt their
concerns were not being heard. Despite rapid changes in the global security environment,
dramatic budget cuts and frequent deployments, the CF was given no overarching policy
direction from government. However, as one officer remarked, the CF gradually learned to
survive in the absence of political guidance -- Indeed, “we have provided our own guidance.”
This paper will examine how the CF adapted in the absence of strategic direction from
government. It will focus particular attention on the adoption of capabilities-based planning as a
decisional methodology for resource allocation and mitigating risk. This paper is based on a
series of interviews with senior military officers and civilian officials at the Department of
National Defence (conducted by Dr. Cohn Campbell in 2004 and 2005), and a reading of the
relevant literature on Canadian defence policy and strategic planning.
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Maracini, Andrew J. "Participatory planning process in bicycle transportation planning : Madison County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048401.
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This project examines the effectiveness of a citizens' advisory committee initiated by the author to assist in the development of a bicycle facilities plan for Madison County, Indiana. A "ladder of citizen participation" was used to rank the level of citizen participation achieved. The MCCOG Bicycle Facility Plan was authored as part of the creative project is also studied in this project. Two components of the plan that were analyzed were the plan's success in meeting performance criteria, and the plan's approach in dealing with the question of separating bicycle traffic from auto traffic or integrating bicycles with auto traffic.This study finds that the participatory process is dynamic and that the level of citizen participation is variable and perhaps progressive. The plan was measured for meeting benchmarks of accessibility and continuity in its proposed routes. Local systems were found to have an integrated approach, while regional systems tend to have a nearly even mix of separated and integrated route systems.Department of Urban Planning
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Maldonado, Jaime 1958. "Strategic planning--an approach to improving airport planning under uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13635.
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Ahmed, Sahil, and Olof Schippert. "Improving Planning Stability : A case study of Planning at AstraZeneca." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Produktionsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167814.
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To provide high service level, an organisation must maintain flexibility in production planning. This allows them to react to changes in demand and supply information. Changes in production plan decreases planning stability. Low stability has knock on effect on supply of material. This causes disruptions in production and delivery as well as increased cost due to higher inventory cost, stockout costs, expediting cost and sub optimal setups cost. This study aims to determine the methods to improve planning stability. The factors that influence stability like planning horizon, safety stock, inventory policies are examined in detail in a real world setting. Literature review of existing work on planning stability was carried out. Single case study was used to study this phenomenon in depth at a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. Qualitative data regarding planning method, flow of information, interaction between departments, time horizons were studied. Quantitative data includes the production plans across different planning cycles. Existing stability levels were computed to determine the future levels of stability required. The literature was compared with existing working methods to find improvements. Plans away from the frozen period will have low stability due to forecast volatility. But as we move closer to frozen period, higher stability should be achieved. Low planning horizon in the immediate periods are due to material supply uncertainty which can be prevented by having responsible suppliers and increasing safety stocks. Using a stabilisation parameter can prevent rescheduling when small changes in demand occurs. This ensures unnecessary reaction to small changes are prevented. Increasing the planning horizon will provide suppliers with accurate information regarding quantity and timing which will in turn help them plan better. Lastly, safety capacity in production can help towards handling unexpected production loses and thereby prevent re-planning.
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Schroeder, George Wittman. "Multiuse Corridor Master Planning: Integrating Infrastructure and Open Space Planning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33465.
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Infrastructure and open space planning can be brought together to create a system of multiuse corridors that accommodate multiple types of infrastructure, recreation trails and open space, while protecting natural resources. Some of the potential benefits of this system is more efficient use of fewer utility easements, a more comprehensive open space system that can be paid for by utility users, and less environmental damage from utility placement. A multiuse corridor planning process is described that is meant to be used by a multiple disciplinary team to plan for infrastructure and open space in the context of town, city or region. This process inventories all human infrastructure such as roads, waterlines, and electric and natural infrastructure, such as streams, rivers, forests, wetlands, and geologic features. An assessment is made on what areas are most likely to need infrastructure in the future and a conceptual plan is put together to best serve those needs. A conceptual open space plan is created to serve the needs of future development areas. The infrastructure and the open space plans are woven together using routing guidelines and typical multiuse corridor sections to best design these multiuse corridors. This thesis brings together infrastructure and open space planning at the city and regional level.Master of Landscape Architecture
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DESHPANDE, AMIT A. "Virtual Enterprise Resource Planning for Production Planning and Control Education." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211238271.
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Torrance, Marilyn Dianne Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Gender, policy and planning: planning shelter for the women outside." Ottawa, 1996.
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Bingham, Rebecka Dawn. "Planning School Memorials: Feedback from the Columbine Memorial Planning Committee." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2536.pdf.
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Massey, Barton Christopher. "Directions in planning : understanding the flow of time in planning /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9940420.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-151). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address:http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9940420.
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THOMAS, ANTONY. "Multimodal Planning under Uncertainty: Task-Motion Planning and Collision Avoidance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1050055.
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In this thesis we investigate the problem of motion planning under environment uncertainty.
Specifically, we focus on Task-Motion Planning (TMP) and probabilistic collision avoidance
which are presented as two parts in this thesis. Though the two parts are largely self-contained,
collision avoidance is an integral part of TMP or any robot motion planning problem in
general. The problem of TMP which is the subject of Part I is by itself challenging and hence
in Part I, collision computation is not the main focus and is addressed with a deterministic
approach. Moreover, motion planning is performed offline since we assume static obstacles
in the environment. Online TMP, incorporating dynamic obstacles or other environment
changes is rather difficult due to the computational challenges associated with updating the
changing task domain. As such, we devote Part II entirely to the field of online probabilistic
collision avoidance motion planning.
Of late, TMP for manipulation has attracted significant interest resulting in a proliferation
of different approaches. In contrast, TMP for navigation has received considerably less
attention. Autonomous robots operating in real-world complex scenarios require planning
in the discrete (task) space and the continuous (motion) space. In knowledge-intensive
domains, on the one hand, a robot has to reason at the highest-level, for example, the
objects to procure, the regions to navigate to in order to acquire them; on the other hand, the
feasibility of the respective navigation tasks have to be checked at the execution level. This
presents a need for motion-planning-aware task planners. In Part I of this thesis, we discuss a
probabilistically complete approach that leverages this task-motion interaction for navigating
in large knowledge-intensive domains, returning a plan that is optimal at the task-level. The
framework is intended for motion planning under motion and sensing uncertainty, which is
formally known as Belief Space Planning (BSP). The underlying methodology is validated in
simulation, in an office environment and its scalability is tested in the larger Willow Garage
world. A reasonable comparison with a work that is closest to our approach is also provided.
We also demonstrate the adaptability of our method by considering a building floor navigation
domain. Finally, we also discuss the limitations of our approach and put forward suggestions
for improvements and future work.
In Part II of this thesis, we present a BSP framework that accounts for the landmark
uncertainties during robot localization. We further extend the state-of-the-art by computing
an exact expression for the collision probability under Gaussian motion and perception
uncertainties. Existing BSP approaches assume that the landmark locations are well known
or are known with little uncertainty. However, this might not be true in practice. Noisy
sensors and imperfect motions compound to the errors originating from the estimate of
environment features. Moreover, possible occlusions and dynamic objects in the environment
render imperfect landmark estimation. Consequently, not considering this uncertainty can
result in wrongly localizing the robot, leading to inefficient plans. Our approach incorporates
the landmark uncertainty within the Bayes filter framework. We also analyze the effect
of considering this uncertainty and delineate the conditions under which it can be ignored.
Furthermore, we also investigate the problem of safe motion planning under Gaussian motion
and sensing uncertainties. Existing approaches approximate the collision probability using
upper-bounds that can lead to overly conservative estimate and thereby suboptimal plans.
We formulate the collision probability process as a quadratic form in random variables.
Under Gaussian distribution assumptions, an exact expression for collision probability is
thus obtained which is computable in real-time. Further, we compute a tight upper bound
for fast online computation of collision probability and also derive a collision avoidance
constraint to be used in an optimization setting. We demonstrate and evaluate our approach
using a theoretical example and simulations in single and multi-robot settings using mobile
and aerial robots. A comparison of our approach to different state-of-the-art methods are also
provided.
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Laughy, Laurence Dominique Renee. "Disaster planning theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28675.
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Recent changes to federal legislation have reinforced the historical shift from a focus on planning for war to one of planning for natural or man-caused disasters. However, disaster planners have not adapted their approach to emergency preparedness and the para-military planning doctrine has led to a number of problems.
Disaster planners have focused on the product, the emergency response plan, rather than on the process of planning. They have failed to involve the community in the planning process and have seen themselves as planning for rather than with the community.
A search for a disaster planning solution leads to an examination of disaster planning literature, organizational development models and traditional planning theories. Disaster planning literature has tended to focus more on providing the disaster planner with concepts and principles to include in creating an emergency response plan, than an actual model or framework for incorporating a community plan.
While organizational development literature has contributed many problem solving techniques and processes to be utilized in order to maximize community input, it has not addressed the problem of working with a pluralistic community, often with incongruent goals.
The traditional planning theories are explored using the heuristic rubic of SITAR as developed by Hudson (1979) and Christensen's (1985) theoretical model linking together Hudson's work with variable problem conditions. These theories are found to be lacking in a variety of ways.
The comprehensive approach, in the setting out of the master plan, does not allow for changes in knowledge, climate or priorities over time. An incremental approach is contingent upon experience for improvement and fails to provide for the shift in focus from emergency response to community education and participation. Transactive planning relies on intuition and experience and becomes a difficult model to use for disaster planners in areas which have had few disasters. While advocacy planning provides a means of elevating public awareness and creating positive public pressure on government bureaucracy, it is a reactionary planning process dependent upon negative circumstances to stimulate the formation of special interest groups. The fragmented approach of radical planning theory fails to provide for a co-ordinated and efficient emergency response. While Christensen's approach to linking planning approaches to different situations resolves some of the problems, it does not allow for a process by which the planner can engage with a changing community over a considerable amount of time.
As a means of providing for changes in both knowledge and community priorities, and. incorporating a philosophical approach based on community participation, the author proposes leadership planning theory as a new paradigm and shows how the adoption of this theory by disaster planners leads to an anticipatory approach rather than a reactive one. The model is developed by examining the processes of goal selection and goal achievement. An argument is made for the selection of goals based on both the community and the planner's knowledge base and value system. Once the goals are selected, the theory adapts the situational leadership model developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1982) to a community based model. This approach provides the disaster planner with a practical means of involving the community in a series of planning processes leading to a mitigative disaster approach.
The final chapter includes a Disaster Planner's Handbook, a step-by-step description of a planning process that can maximize the potential of the leadership planning theory. It is offered as a guide for practicing disaster planners, a means of incorporating the theoretical perpsective with the necessary practical considerations, and, therefore, be of assistance in developing their own community emergency plan.
The thesis concludes with a review of conclusions and suggests areas for further research.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Schwartz, Howard A. "Strategic urban planning /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10800.
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Khourshed, Nevien Farouk. "Understanding performance planning." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14516.
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Dennis, Louise. "Proof planning coinduction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/534.
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Coinduction is a proof rule which is the dual of induction. It allows reasoning about non-well-founded sets and is of particular use for reasoning about equivalences. In this thesis I present an automation of coinductive theorem proving. This automation is based on the ideas of proof planning [Bundy 88]. Proof planning as the name suggests, plans the higher level steps in a proof without performing the formal checking which is also required for a verification. The automation has focused on the use of coinduction to prove the equivalence of programs in a small lazy functional language which is similar to Haskell. One of the hardest parts in a coinductive proof is the choice of a relation, called a bisimulation. The automation here described makes an initial simplified guess at a bisimulation and then uses critics, revisions based on failure, and generalisation techniques to refine this guess. The proof plan for coinduction and the critic have been implemented in CLAM [Bundy et al 90b] with encouraging results. The planner has been successfully tested on a number of theorems. Comparison of the proof planner for coinduction with the proof plan for induction implemented in CLAM has gighlighted a number of equivalences and dualities in the process of these proofs and has also suggested improvements to both systems. This work has demonstrated not only the possibility of fully automated theorem provers for coinduction but has also demonstrated the uses of proof planning for comparison of proof techniques. This work has demonstrated not only the possibility of fully automated theorem provers for coinduction but has also demonstrated the uses of proof planning for comparison of proof techniques.
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Berenson, Dmitry. "Constrained Manipulation Planning." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/172.
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Every planning problem in robotics involves constraints. Whether the robot must avoid collision or joint limits, there are always states that are not permissible. Some constraints are straightforward to satisfy while others can be so stringent that feasible states are very difficult to find. What makes planning with constraints challenging is that, for many constraints, it is impossible or impractical to provide the planning algorithm with the allowed states explicitly; it must discover these states as it plans. The goal of this thesis is to develop a framework for representing and exploring feasible states in the context of manipulation planning.
Planning for manipulation gives rise to a rich variety of tasks that include constraints on collision- avoidance, torque, balance, closed-chain kinematics, and end-effector pose. While many researchers have developed representations and strategies to plan with a specific constraint, the goal of this the- sis is to develop a broad representation of constraints on a robot’s configuration and identify general strategies to manage these constraints during the planning process. Some of the most important con- straints in manipulation planning are functions of the pose of the manipulator’s end-effector, so we devote a large part of this thesis to end-effector placement for grasping and transport tasks. We present an efficient approach to generating paths that uses Task Space Regions (TSRs) to specify manipulation tasks which involve end-effector pose goals and/or path constraints. We show how to use TSRs for path planning using the Constrained BiDirectional RRT (CBiRRT2) algorithm and describe several extensions of the TSR representation. Among them are methods to plan with object pose uncertainty, find optimal base placements, and handle more complex pose constraints by chaining TSRs together. We also explore the problem of automatically generating end-effector pose constraints for grasping tasks and present two grasp synthesis algorithms that can generate lists of grasps in extremely clut- tered environments. We then describe how to convert these lists of grasps to TSRs so they can be used with CBiRRT2.
We have applied our framework to a wide range of problems for several robots, both in simulation and in the real world. These problems include grasping in cluttered environments, lifting heavy objects, two-armed manipulation, and opening doors, to name a few. These example problems demonstrate our framework’s practicality, and our proof of probabilistic completeness gives our approach a theoretical foundation.
In addition to the above framework, we have also developed the Constellation algorithm for finding configurations that satisfy multiple stringent constraints where other constraint-satisfaction strategies fail. We also present the GradienT-RRT algorithm for planning with soft constraints, which outper- forms the state-of-the-art approach to high-dimensional path planning with costs.
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Game, Carlos Vallejo. "Defensive minefield planning." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26960.
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Bartle, R. A. "Cross-level planning." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381932.
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Stevenson, Kenneth 1965. "Planning the exurbs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70454.
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Harders, Marian B. "Planning for Retail." Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10089.
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This paper is about retail development and its impact on local and regional communities. As the Big-box phenomena continues to play out in the 21st century, planning departments across the nation have been called to action with respect to addressing negative aspects of retail development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of retail, by tracing the evolving retail form and applying critical analysis to planning practices that no longer safeguard community interests in relation to retail industry initiatives. Specifically, this paper discusses issues that shape the social, economic and physical design of urban life. To that end, this paper reflects on the impact of retail and offers guidelines for resolving potential community/retail conflicts.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Crosby, Matthew David. "Multiagent classical planning." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8853.
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Classical planning problems consist of an environment in a predefined state; a set of deterministic actions that, under certain conditions, change the state of the environment; and a set of goal conditions. A solution to a classical planning problem is a sequence of actions that leads from the initial state to a state satisfying the problem’s goal conditions. There are many methods for finding solutions to classical planning problems, and a popular technique is to exploit structures that commonly occur. One such structure, apparent in many planning domains, is a breakdown of the problem into multiple agents. However, methods for finding and exploiting multiagent structures are not prevalent in the literature and are currently not competitive. This thesis sets out to rectify this problem. Its first main contribution, is to introduce a domain independent algorithm for extracting multiagent structure from classical planning problems. The algorithm relies on identifying a generalisable property of agents in planning; namely, that agents are entities with an internal state, a part of the planning problem that, under a certain distribution of actions, only they can modify. Once this is appropriately formalised, the decomposition algorithm is introduced and is shown to produce identifiably multiagent decompositions over all of the classical planning domains used in the International Planning Competitions, even finding more detailed decompositions than are used by humans in certain cases. Solving multiagent planning problems can be challenging because a solution may require complex inter-agent coordination. The second main contribution of the thesis is a heuristic planning algorithm that effectively exploits the structure of decomposed domains. The algorithm transforms the coordination problem into a process of subgoal generation that can be solved efficiently under a well-known relaxation in planning. The generated subgoals guide the search so that it is always performed by one single-agent subproblem at a time. The algorithm is evaluated and shown to greatly outperform current state-of-the-art planners over decomposable domains. The thesis also includes discussion of the possible extensions of this work, to include the multiagent concepts of self-interested agents and concurrent actions. Results from the multiagent planning literature are improved upon and a new solution concept is presented that accounts for the ‘farsightedness’ inherent in planning. A method is then presented that can find stable solutions for a certain class of multiagent planning problems. A new method is introduced for modelling concurrent actions that allows them to be written without requiring knowledge of each other agent in the domain, and it is shown how such problems can be solved by a translation to single-agent planning.
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Brown, Richard. "Microbrachytherapy treatment planning." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30180/document.
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Une nouvelle modalité de radiothérapie, la micro-curiethérapie, est en cours de développement. Cette thérapie cible des tumeurs solides inopérables en effectuant des injections de liquide contenant des microsphères radioactives en suspension. Plusieurs injections sont nécessaires pour suffisamment irradier la zone tumorale et donc, afin d'optimiser le positionnement de ces injections, une méthode de planification de traitement nécessaire a été développée et validée au cours de cette thèse. Tout au long de ce travail, trois thèmes principaux seront discutés : • Comment réaliser la dosimétrie particulière de cette micro-curiethérapie ? • Comment effectuer la planification de traitement pour cette modalité ? • Comment optimiser le plan de traitement afin qu'il soit le plus efficace possible ? La dosimétrie en micro-curiethérapie a été réalisée en calculant la distribution de dose absorbée pour une injection. Cette distribution a été convoluée à la position des autres injections dans la tumeur pour calculer la distribution de dose absorbée dans le patient. Pour effectuer la dosimétrie spécifique dans la tumeur et les organes à risque, les histogrammes dose-volume (HDV) ont été extraits et analysés. Une fois la méthode de dosimétrie établie, nous avons développé une méthodologie de planification de traitement pour développer et optimiser le plan pour chaque patient. Pour cela, nous avons testé et comparé trois algorithmes : la méthode de Nelder-Mead, l'algorithme des abeilles et l'algorithme "Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II" (NSGA II). Nous avons montré que, grâce à l'optimisation multiobjectif, le NSGA II donne plus de liberté à l'utilisateur ; c'est pourquoi il a été utilisé par la suite. Enfin, nous avons effectué une comparaison entre les paramètres d'injection. Nous avons mis en évidence qu'entre les radio-isotopes 90Y, 166Ho, 131I and 177Lu, les injections de 90Y sont optimales. Nous avons testé des injections de 5, 10 et 20 µL et des activités initiales de 5, 10 et 20 MBq. Nous avons trouvé que des injections de 20 µL avec 20 MBq sont optimales car celles-ci permettent de minimiser le nombre d'injections requis. Cette nouvelle technologie associée aux développements réalisés dans ses travaux démontre la faisabilité, qui a pu être validée sur animal, de pouvoir injecter un liquide contenant des microsphères radioactives en suspension afin de pouvoir traiter efficacement, tout en préservant les tissus sains environnants, des tumeurs inopérables encore de mauvais pronostic aujourd'hui, mais surement mieux prises en charge dans un proche avenirAn innovative form of radiotherapy, microbrachytherapy, is under development. This therapy targets solid, inoperable tumours by performing injections of liquid containing radioactive microspheres in suspension. Many injections are required to sufficiently cover the tumoural volume, and so to be able to deliver the position of these injections, a method of treatment planning has been developed and validated throughout this research. Throughout this work, three main questions are addressed: • How to perform the dosimetry for microbrachytherapy? • How to perform treatment planning for this modality? • What are the optimal injection properties to deliver the most efficient treatment? Microbrachytherapy dosimetry was performed by calculating the absorbed dose distribution for an injection. This distribution was then convolved at each injection position within the tumour to calculate the patient's absorbed dose distribution. Dosimetry of the tumour and the organs at risk was performed by extracting and analysing dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Once a method of dosimetry was put in place, optimisation algorithms were developed to generate patient-specific treatment plans. For this, three algorithms were tested and compared: Nelder-Mead Simplex, the Bees algorithm and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. It was found that, thanks to its MO optimisation, the non-dominated sorting algorithm II was the most flexible, and was used preferentially. Lastly, a comparison of injection parameters was performed. It was found that between 90Y, 166Ho, 131I and 177Lu, optimal injections consisted of microspheres of 90Y. Injection volumes of 5, 10 and 20 µL and initial activities of 5, 10 and 20 MBq were tested. It was found that 20 µL injections with 20 MBq were optimal because they minimise the number of injections required. This new technology combined with developments shown in this work demonstrate the feasibility - that was validated on animals - the ability to inject liquid containing radioactive microspheres in suspension to efficiently treat inoperable tumours whilst protecting surrounding healthy tissue. Such tumours, despite still having a poor prognosis, will surely have better support in the near future
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Choudhury, Sanjiban. "Adaptive Motion Planning." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1212.
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Mobile robots are increasingly being deployed in the real world in response to a heightened demand for applications such as transportation, delivery and inspection. The motion planning systems for these robots are expected to have consistent performance across the wide range of scenarios that they encounter. While state-of-the-art planners, with provable worst-case guarantees, can be employed to solve these planning problems, their finite time performance varies across scenarios. This thesis proposes that the planning module for a robot must adapt its search strategy to the distribution of planning problems encountered to achieve real-time performance. We address three principal challenges of this problem. Firstly, we show that even when the planning problem distribution is fixed, designing a nonadaptive planner can be challenging as the performance of planning strategies fluctuates with small changes in the environment. We characterize the existence of complementary strategies and propose to hedge our bets by executing a diverse ensemble of planners. Secondly, when the distribution is varying, we require a meta-planner that can automatically select such an ensemble from a library of black-box planners. We show that greedily training a list of predictors to focus on failure cases leads to an effective meta-planner. For situations where we have no training data, we show that we can learn an ensemble on-the-fly by adopting algorithms from online paging theory. Thirdly, in the interest of efficiency, we require a white-box planner that directly adapts its search strategy during a planning cycle. We propose an efficient procedure for training adaptive search heuristics in a data-driven imitation learning framework. We also draw a novel connection to Bayesian active learning, and propose algorithms to adaptively evaluate edges of a graph. Our approach leads to the synthesis of a robust real-time planning module that allows a UAV to navigate seamlessly across environments and speed-regimes. We evaluate our framework on a spectrum of planning problems and show closed-loop results on 3 UAV platforms - a full-scale autonomous helicopter, a large scale hexarotor and a small quadrotor. While the thesis was motivated by mobile robots, we have shown that the individual algorithms are broadly applicable to other problem domains such as informative path planning and manipulation planning.We also establish novel connections between the disparate fields of motion planning and active learning, imitation learning and online paging which opens doors to several new research problems.
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Kimiagari, Salman. "Market deployment planning." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27999.
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Dans l'actuelle économie mondiale en évolution rapide, les entrepreneurs ont de plus en plus tendance à concevoir globalement leurs entreprises au cours des premières étapes de création. Cette tendance met en relief la nécessité d'une approche efficace et systématique de la planification du déploiement de marché en raison de la nature dynamique et complexe des marchés actuels ainsi que de l'importance croissante du positionnement stratégique mondial. Cette thèse présente une nouvelle approche pour développer une feuille de route de déploiement de marchés. Cette nouvelle méthodologie comprend une approche systématique avec les avantages d'une approche qualitative de niveau stratégique et une approche quantitative pour l'élaboration d'une feuille de route de déploiement sur les marchés. Cette feuille de route est un ensemble de scénarios chacun indiquant quels marchés sont ciblés pour le déploiement dans chaque phase du développement de l'entreprise (généralement sur un horizon de planification de trois à dix ans). Basée sur les données pertinentes du marché, l'approche de modélisation hybride proposée utilise des plans auto-organisés pour le groupement des marchés en clusters et un modèle mixte d'optimisation multi–objectif pour la planification du déploiement de marché au sein de chaque cluster. Cette méthodologie peut être appliquée dans la sélection de marchés et la planification de l'expansion, à la fois aux plan national et international, notamment pour les entreprises nées globales (Born Global). Nous appliquons l'approche introduite dans le cadre de Global Relief Supply, un projet d’entreprise visant à servir une niche dans le marché mondial de la préparation et de la récupération face aux catastrophes naturelles. Mots clés: Déploiement de marchés, Sélection de marchés, Planification de l’expansion, Entreprises nées globales, Optimisation, Multi-objectif, Groupage, Cartes auto-organisées, Catastrophes naturelles.In today’s fast-paced global economy, entrepreneurs increasingly tend to holistically design their business ventures during the early stages of business creation. This tendency highlights the need for an efficient and systematic approach to market deployment planning due to the dynamic and complex nature of current markets as well as the evolving significance of global strategic positioning. This thesis introduces a new approach in order to develop a market deployment roadmap. This novel methodology includes a systematic approach with the benefits of a qualitative approach to strategic level and quantitative approach to developing a market deployment roadmap. Such a roadmap is a set of scenarios; each stating which markets is targeted for deployment in each phase of the business development (usually over a three to ten-year planning horizon). Based on pertinent market databases, the proposed hybrid modelling approach uses self-organizing maps for market clustering and a multi-objective mixed integer optimization model for market deployment road mapping within each cluster. This methodology can be applied in both national and international market selection and expansion planning, notably for born global ventures. We apply the introduced approach to the case of Global Relief Supply, focused on a venture project aiming to serve a niche in the US and world market for disaster preparation and recovery. Key words: Market deployment, Market selection, Expansion planning, Born Global Business, Optimization, Multi-objective, Clustering, Self-organizing maps, Natural disasters.
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Jurečka, Peter. "Integrated Business Planning." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149894.
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Increasing competitive pressures on most markets force companies to continuously review the effectiveness and efficiencies of their operations. Traditional approach to business planning is becoming insufficient to cope with growing requirements on operational excellence. Concept of Integrated Business Planning (IBP) -- constituting the latest development stage of well-known Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) -- is proposed as the right response on how to master the challenges of globalized economy in this field. The thesis combines theoretical analysis of inefficiencies of traditional S&OP with applied research realized on the case from real business environment. Microeconomic optimization models are employed to demonstrate the sub-optimal outcomes resulting from the lack of cross-functional integration and potentially antagonistic incentives in business planning. Overview of latest best practices in this area further complements the theoretical part of the thesis. Empirical part of the study summarizes author's experience from leading the large scale implementation of IBP concept in the multinational company. Theoretical assumptions of financial benefits of IBP implementation are tested against empirical observations via usage of statistical apparatus. This part may also be viewed as detailed guideline describing the project of IBP implementation. As a result, integrated approach to business planning proves to bring measurable financial as well as non-financial improvements for the company.
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Smith, Adrian Lukas. "Multiculturalism and planning." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22284850.
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Papit, Judith L. "Minoan Town Planning." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214820.
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Art HistoryPh.D.
"Prehistoric Town Planning in Crete" was published in 1950 by Richard Hutchinson. He determined there was no evidence of town planning on Minoan Crete except for two instances. Hutchinson's approach compared the layout of the few excavated Minoan towns to other contemporary sites, such as Kahun, Egypt and Harrappa, India. These towns were laid out in grid-like squares, on flat, level ground. Compared to these sites the settlements on Crete appeared as an amalgamation of disorganized, organic growth. More than half a century has elapsed between Hutchinson's article and this study. Within that time many more Minoan sites and towns have been excavated and published. This greater corpus offers an opportunity to examine Minoan town planning with a new eye. This greater number of excavated Minoan towns allows for a study of town planning by comparing Minoan communities to one another. When an investigation is done comparing sites within Crete only, a pattern starts to emerge. To accomplish this analysis nine elements of Minoan town planning are defined, examined at individual sites, and compared among settlements. These nine elements are: 1. A street system adhering to the natural contours of the land 2. Buildings arranged in irregular, attached blocks defined by the street system 3. A large plateia or centrally located community court easily accessible from all parts of the town 4. Other open public spaces throughout the settlement 5. An elite building near the plateia 6. Public buildings in which there is no habitation 7. Semi-public buildings 8. Built fortifications 9. Extramural dependencies, which are structural features or natural areas outside the borders of the town proper but are an integral part of the community This comparison elucidates a very specific and existing type of Minoan town planning. It began at least as early as Early Minoan II and reached its apogee in Late Minoan I. What at first glance looks random, is not. Minoan towns were laid out within the constraints of the local landscape and with the desired aesthetic. The result was a lifestyle in LM I far beyond subsistence living.
Temple University--Theses
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Cirillo, Marcello. "Planning in Inhabited Environments : Human-Aware Task Planning and Activity Recognition." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12466.
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Promised some decades ago by researchers in artificial intelligence and robotics as an imminent breakthrough in our everyday lives, a robotic assistant that could work with us in our home and our workplace is a dream still far from being fulfilled. The work presented in this thesis aims at bringing this future vision a little closer to realization. Here, we start from the assumption that an efficient robotic helper should not impose constraints on users' activities, but rather perform its tasks unobtrusively to fulfill its goals and to facilitate people in achieving their objectives. Also, the helper should be able to consider the outcome of possible future actions by the human users, to assess how those would affect the environment with respect to the agent's objectives, and to predict when its support will be needed. In this thesis we address two highly interconnected problems that are essential for the cohabitation of people and service robots: robot task planning and human activity recognition. First, we present human-aware planning, that is, our approach to robot high-level symbolic reasoning for plan generation. Human-aware planning can be applied in situations where there is a controllable agent, the robot, whose actions we can plan, and one or more uncontrollable agents, the human users, whose future actions we can only try to predict. In our approach, therefore, the knowledge of the users' current and future activities is an important prerequisite. We define human-aware as a new type of planning problem, we formalize the extensions needed by a classical planner to solve such a problem, and we present the implementation of a planner that satisfies all identified requirements. In this thesis we explore also a second issue, which is a prerequisite to the first one: human activity monitoring in intelligent environments. We adopt a knowledge driven approach to activity recognition, whereby a constraint-based domain description is used to correlate sensor readings to human activities. We validate our solutions to both human-aware planning and activity recognition both theoretically and experimentally, describing a number of explanatory examples and test runs in a real environment.
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Hsu-Sheng, Hsieh. "Roles of Action Planning and Coping Planning for Travel Behavior Change." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227609.
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Ljungquist, Andreas, and Björn Rosander. "Software Project Planning : The Relationship between Project Planning and Project Success." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3309.
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Software engineering is the computer science discipline concerned with developing computer software. However, software engineering does not only include the technical perspective of producing software. It also involves management issues, such as planning, controlling, and monitoring a software project. A project typically embraces a structured set of activities, which are performed in a pre-determined sequence. The initial activity is generally the process of planning the project, which according to some is one of the most important and crucial efforts in order to achieve pre-defined objectives. Other states the opposite and claim that too much planning may obstruct development creativity. Current thesis explores the planning paradigm and the significance of planning efforts in the Swedish software industry. Contemporary literatures on software project planning are reviewed and presented. Moreover, the result of an empirical study, examining the relationship between project planning and project success, is presented.
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Itaaga, Nicholas. "Educational planning in East Africa, the role of imported planning technology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38535.pdf.
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Yetman, Theresa Elizabeth. "Between planning and implementation, Nelson House Medicine Lodge strategic planning process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51822.pdf.
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Madigan-Concannon, Liam. "Planning for life : involving adults with learning disabilities in service planning." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2664/.
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Policies for people with learning disabilities, as in the case with other groups of service users, have increasingly emphasised the importance of their involvement in the planning of their own services, and at a more general level in the development of their local authority community care plan and commissioning strategies. This thesis seeks to begin to explore some of the difficulties that may arise in attempting to implement such a policy through a case study of practices in one inner London Borough. The study includes a number of important interrelated themes including: the complexities of communication, normalisation, the nature of choice, citizenship and free will, and asks does social policy reform provision or create unrealistic expectations and burdens for social service professionals and service users. It is essentially a study about communication and its impact on choice and social inclusion. Focusing on communication between professionals and service users, their carers and advocates, the field study investigates the Council's strategic planning procedures in order to explore the relationship between service development and the preferences expressed by users. The findings are presented within a legislative framework, with particular interest paid to the government's White Papers 'Modernising Social Services,' 'Valuing People,' and the Best Value initiative. The study combines an historical account of policy development, and investigates social policies that have attempted to bring about change, while also exposing the contradictions within and between them. Because of this there are many challenges attached to this enterprise, and as a consequence the study is inevitably on a small scale and the answers it produces are tentative. Nevertheless it provides an indication of the nature and scale of the difficulties which social services will have to overcome if they are to make a reality of government policy in this area by engaging effectively with the personal experiences and lives of adults with learning disabilities and their carers.