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Cirillo, Marcello. "Planning in Inhabited Environments : Human-Aware Task Planning and Activity Recognition." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12466.
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Promised some decades ago by researchers in artificial intelligence and robotics as an imminent breakthrough in our everyday lives, a robotic assistant that could work with us in our home and our workplace is a dream still far from being fulfilled. The work presented in this thesis aims at bringing this future vision a little closer to realization. Here, we start from the assumption that an efficient robotic helper should not impose constraints on users' activities, but rather perform its tasks unobtrusively to fulfill its goals and to facilitate people in achieving their objectives. Also, the helper should be able to consider the outcome of possible future actions by the human users, to assess how those would affect the environment with respect to the agent's objectives, and to predict when its support will be needed. In this thesis we address two highly interconnected problems that are essential for the cohabitation of people and service robots: robot task planning and human activity recognition. First, we present human-aware planning, that is, our approach to robot high-level symbolic reasoning for plan generation. Human-aware planning can be applied in situations where there is a controllable agent, the robot, whose actions we can plan, and one or more uncontrollable agents, the human users, whose future actions we can only try to predict. In our approach, therefore, the knowledge of the users' current and future activities is an important prerequisite. We define human-aware as a new type of planning problem, we formalize the extensions needed by a classical planner to solve such a problem, and we present the implementation of a planner that satisfies all identified requirements. In this thesis we explore also a second issue, which is a prerequisite to the first one: human activity monitoring in intelligent environments. We adopt a knowledge driven approach to activity recognition, whereby a constraint-based domain description is used to correlate sensor readings to human activities. We validate our solutions to both human-aware planning and activity recognition both theoretically and experimentally, describing a number of explanatory examples and test runs in a real environment.
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BLACKNE, JOHANNES, and NIKLAS JANSSON. "Visual Planning and KPIs in purchasing: Effective Activity Planning and Follow-Up." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141774.
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The purpose of the master thesis is to find a way to plan activities, visualize them and follow-up on these activities. The Visual Planning method is used at Scania Production, R&D and at Scania Purchasing. However, the method doesn‟t fit the purchasers‟ communication and coordination needs. Furthermore, a majority of purchasing activities is disrupted due to unexpected events or deviations, which may cause delays.Hence, the thesis will result in a proposal of an effective planning and follow-up method that fits the need of the purchasing environment in general and more specifically in the purchasing group SGC. The proposing solution should handle deviations, be easy to use and visualize activities on an individual and aggregated department level.To find the best solution, an internal benchmarking and a review of best practice literature was carried out during the thesis. Observations at Scania Production, R&D and purchasing department were also carried out along with external interviews.Key findings included that handling deviances have a higher priority than commercial activities such as cost saving activities. Additionally, there is no standardize way of activity planning at SGC, cost has higher than quality and delivery and the Visual Planning method does not fit Scania‟s purchasing organization due to different needs of communication and coordination.Hence, the proposal included recommendations to introduce two milestones to the planned activities, collect all performance measurements in a balanced scorecard and an improved way of handling deviations. Furthermore, recommendations regarding the Visual Planning method included that the method should be used daily, where an agenda should structure the communication and the method should be adapted to fit the group‟s need of communication and coordination.Syftet med examensarbetet var att finna ett sätt att planera aktiviteter, visualisera samt följa upp dem. Visuell planering används på Scanias produktionsanläggningar, forskning och utveckling samt på deras inköpsavdelning. Dock passar inte metoden inköparnas behov av kommunikation och koordination. Vidare blir inköparnas aktiviteter avbrutna av störningar som resulterar i förseningar.Detta examensarbete kommer därför att föreslå en effektiv planerings- och uppföljningsmetod som passar inköparnas behov, specifikt inköparna på gruppen SGC. Lösningen skall hantera störningar, vara enkel och använda samt visualisera aktiviteter på individuell och gruppnivå.För att finna bästa lösningen genomfördes en intern benchmarking och en litteraturstudie. Observationer på Scanias produktionsanläggningar, forskning och utveckling samt inköpsavdelning genomfördes tillsammans med intervjuer med externa respondenter.Från empirin framgick det att hantera störningar har högre prioritet än kommersiella aktiviteter så som kostnadsbesparingsaktiviteter. Vidare finns inget standardiserat sätt att planera aktiviteter hos SGC, kostnad har högre fokus än kvalitet och leverans samt att visuell planering inte passar inköpsorganisationens behov av kommunikation och koordination.Lösningsförslaget inkluderar förslag till att införa delmål till de planerade aktiviteterna, att alla mätetal samlas ihop till ett balanserat styrkort samt ett förbättrat sätt att hantera störningar. Vidare ges förslag att visuell planering skall fortsätta att användas dagligen, med en agenda som strukturerar kommunikationen för att passa gruppens behov för kommunikation och koordination.
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Felker, Paul W. "Using Optimization to Improve NASA Extravehicular Activity Planning." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17364.
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Extravehicular Activity (EVA) is a specialized function performed during spaceflights in which two or more astronauts don spacesuits to perform tasks on the exterior of their spacecraft. An extensive and iterative planning process is required to prepare for each highly choreographed EVA operation. The current planning process relies heavily upon time-consuming heuristic approaches by subject matter experts to essentially "hand-build" each EVA plan. This research develops the EVA Planning Model (EPM), a linear, mixed-integer program intended as a proof-of- concept demonstration for employing formal mathematical optimization techniques to EVA planning. The EPM is thoroughly tested to verify that it functions as intended and is evaluated by expert EVA planners using actual task information. We find that the EPM proves the concept that formal mathematical optimization can be used to aid in subject matter experts in EVA development and planning. It is particularly useful in allowing the evaluation of alternative planning inputs and thorough assessment of EVA plan impacts resulting from external changes.
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DeLessio, Mark Philip. "Assessing the complex product design process planning activity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610229.
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Li, Ran, and Ran Li. "Activity Space and Accessibility: Characterizing Complex Urban Activity-Travel and Optimizing Service Provision Planning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620988.
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Research on urban travel represents an important area in geography, transportation planning and urban studies. Compared to the traditional trip based approach, the activity based approach offers a better understanding of the motivations underlying travel, that is, activity participation. Urban activity-travel is complex as it takes place both in space and time. Building upon the time geography framework, this study provides new ways to characterize urban activity-travel and examine the association with accessibility. A new optimization model incorporating complex urban travel is also proposed for service provision planning. Activity space represents an important concept for understanding human activity-travel. The geometry based approaches widely used for delineating activity spaces are limited in fully characterizing real-world travel behavior. To address the issue, Chapter 2 proposes a new time geography based approach to more accurately portray urban activity spaces. The proposed approach takes into account the full complexity of real-world travel and underlying urban structures. Results of an empirical study are presented based on the 2008 Add-on National Household Travel Survey conducted in Tucson, Arizona. Activity spaces of 1,164 sample travelers are delineated and analyzed. Results show the effectiveness of the new approach in more realistically depicting urban activity-travel. Understanding the impact of the built environment on travel is important for formulating effective travel reduction policies. In Chapter 3, a study is presented to examine the relationship between accessibility to urban opportunities and urban travel. Activity spaces are drawn to characterize the spatial extent of activity-travel, and a new accessibility measure is introduced to account for the complexity of urban travel. An empirical study based on a travel survey dataset in Tucson, Arizona shows that improved accessibility is generally associated with reduced travel, but such an effect varies across different activity types. In addition, employment status and trip-chaining behavior can be used to explain the varying influences on the accessibility-travel relationship. In Chapter 4, a new multi-objective location model is developed with the goal of accessibility maximization. The model extends the classic p-median problem (PMP) to account for accessibility in a more realistic manner. Trip chaining and activity space are incorporated into the location model. In addition to fixed home locations, stops along chained trips are allowed for potential service site visits. The model is applied to locate service facilities in Tucson, AZ. Alternative versions of the objective function are solved exactly with the resulting sets of optimal facility locations displayed and analyzed. Decision makers are given flexibility to determine the relative importance for each of three sub-objective, based on the type of services being located, their preferences and practical needs.
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Smith, Andrea Lynn. "Healthy Communities: Designing, Planning and Implementing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32704.
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It is easy to overlook the individual features that constitute a community, including types and mix of land use, lot sizes, building type, size and height, setbacks, street and sidewalk widths, parking requirements, and infrastructure, all of which are controlled and regulated by land use development codes, more commonly referred to as zoning. Zoning is the primary means communities employ to control and guide land use and development decisions affecting the physical form of these places. However, zoning is a rigid, legal framework that separates uses and prescribes standards without describing or even considering what development will or should look like.
Disenchantment with conventional zoning methods combined with innovative new approaches that address current and emerging issues are now readily available to learn from and adapt. A number of these approaches focus on design and form rather than use alone. The intentions of code reform focus on the creation of better public space, pedestrian friendly streets and communities, mixing uses and reducing parking requirements, all of which can lead to increased physical activity and healthy communities.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Wilson, Saul Kriger. "Exploring urban activity patterns using electric smart meter data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107028.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-111).
This thesis uses electricity consumption data from household and enterprise-level smart meters in County B, Country A, and Turin, Italy, to explore temporal and geographic variations in urban energy consumption and thus urban activity. A central question is whether electricity consumption patterns vary between different economic sectors, across space, and between different days of the week and times of year. This data shows clearly that Country A activity patterns are roughly similar across all seven days of the week, whereas Italian electricity consumption declines markedly on weekends, particularly Sundays. In general, and particularly in Italy, this thesis shows strong seasonality to electricity consumption, with clearly identifiable seasons and high correlation in consumption patterns within each season. This thesis focuses on user type variation in Country A, where although certain patterns are more widespread in some sectors than others, there is significant overlap between pairs of sectors. Hence this thesis is able only to classify land use between residential and industrial sectors, and is unable to classify land use to a meaningful degree of accuracy by analyzing electricity consumption. It is, however, possible to detect geographic variation: urban and industrial centers consume a higher percentage of their electricity on weekdays and during regular work hours than rural areas. In addition, the impact of various special occurrences on urban behavior is probed. This thesis provides measurement of the impact of various holidays on economic activity, using electricity consumption as a proxy. Large (industrial) consumers are generally much more sensitive to holidays than small (residential) consumers are, except during the summer months in Italy. In general, consumption declines on a single holiday are highly correlated with consumption declines on other holidays. Furthermore, using observations at 15-minute intervals, I attempt to measure the short-term behavior shifts caused by daylight savings time's start and finish.
by Saul Kriger Wilson.
S.M.
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Cowart, William A. (William Anthony). "Operationalizing a model of landside access and seaport container activity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11276.
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Gordon, Jacques Nicholas. "Hidden housing production--residential conversion activity in the City of Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74333.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies, 1987.M.I.T. copy lacks leaf 223. Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List June 1987: Hidden housing production : conversion activity in the city of Boston.
Bibliography: v. 2, leaves 257-263.
by Jacques Nicholas Gordon.
Ph.D.
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Xue, Lulu. "Gender difference in daily activity patterns, urban form, and intra-household interactions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69527.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-103).
One notable issue to deal with when capturing the individualism of travel behaviors is the gender difference. An extensive body of research has widely acknowledged that women and men exhibit quite different travel and activity patterns. For example, findings have suggested that women tend to invest more time to family-sustaining activities and that women make more family-sustaining trips yet fewer recreational trips. The primary focus of this study is to account for gender difference in travel behaviors. Particularly, the study attempts to understand how micro-level household dynamics and meso-level urban form may affect the activity patterns of women and men differently. To test the hypotheses and the prototype model, the city of Santiago de Chile is chosen. Although the empirical results from this study do not conclusively confirm that either household dynamics or urban from constitute solid reasons for the gender differences in activity patterns, increasing females' bargaining powers and improving accessibility still remain a viable approach to empower women in Santiago de Chile. Moreover, it is found that traditional travel demand models without incorporating the power relation are less responsive to the change in household dynamics between spouses and thus tend to underestimate the travel demand of a transitional society. This underestimation of travel demand would possibly affect the accessibility and mobility of the society adversely.
by Lulu Xue.
S.M.
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Gould, Edward. "Interactive decision support systems and activity theory a population projection flow model for strategic planning in education /." Access electronically, 1995. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/257.
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Maisel, Jordana Lorinczy. "Factors influencing outdoor walking activity in older adults." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3629791.
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Older adults are particularly vulnerable to poorly designed environments. The built environment and its perceptions can potentially support or discourage this growing cohort to engage in outdoor activities. Municipalities can uniquely promote physical activity for this targeted population through their planning and design processes. This research explored neighborhood perceptions of older adults and how differing perceptions influence their decision to walk. The results confirm that neighborhood perceptions vary across participants. Older adults from rural, suburban, and urban communities report significantly different perceptions. Perceptions also vary by socio-demographic characteristics. While walking activity does not significantly differ across neighborhood types, some environmental perceptions are associated with specific walking behaviors. These relationships also vary by neighborhood type and socio-demographic variables. Interviews with older women confirm the presence of physical, personal, social, and temporal barriers and motivators to walking. The focus on environmental perceptions in this research offers policy makers, urban planners, engineers, public works officials, and public health providers with findings and recommendations that specifically address walking in older adults, a growing population uniquely affected by the environment.
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Vita, Sandro. "Planning for Physical Activity in Public Open Spaces - Insights from Malmö and Copenhagen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29372.
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The urban population of cities world-wide is steadily growing, causing pressure on land use for different purposes, such as residential, commercial, or recreational use. A growing urban population will also create new public health challenges, especially due to the epidemic increase of Non-Communicable Diseases. Creating opportunities for and increasing physical activity in public open spaces could represent a crucial resource to tackle health problems of urban residents. This multiple case study explores the strategies and approaches of two case cities (Malmö and Copenhagen) in connection to planning for physical activity in public open spaces and the collaborative efforts behind it. The empirical material for the study consists of 9 interviews with professionals connected to urban planning from the municipalities of Malmö and Copenhagen. The collaborations between urban planners and other actors were analysed using collaboration theory. Various barriers and facilitators of collaboration were identified, as well as findings which can suggest more fruitful collaboration.
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Turnham, James Richard. "A proposed information system for concrete construction : a project and activity planning specification." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28525.
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Current usage of construction information systems is largely confined to Critical Path Method scheduling, accounting systems, and cost control database systems. The function of activity planning is not directly addressed by any of these systems while information from all three systems is required for activity planning.
Activity planning is the iterative process of selecting construction elements from the project work breakdown structure, addressing the available details from the plans and specifications, assembling existing experiential information on methods, productivities, and production rates, brainstorming for new and or appropriate existing methods, and deciding on a course of action for each item in the breakdown structure. The focus is on a construction activity planning framework to be utilized by superintendent level personnel. This thesis examines the literature and existing software to identify the technologies that are relevant to detailed activity planning.
The concept of utilizing "Planning Models" to address activity planning for repetitious concrete construction is introduced. The "General Activity Planning Model" provides the functions and instructions required for detailed project and activity planning of a generic concrete construction project. "Specific Planning Models" ensue from the general model and two examples are provided to illustrate the process. The first example is of a post-tensioned concrete bridge project. The second is of a cut and cover subway tunnel project. From the two examples, the key planning system attributes of function and flexibility are demonstrated.
The functions required include:
1. Project level work breakdown structure and initialization.
2. A two pass system for estimating and planning.
3. Early calculation of target activity durations from milestone constraints.
4. Activity level, continuous crew scheduling, where appropriate, prior to detail design of methods.
5. Operation level input: major resource (formwork quantity) requirements, decision variables, crew size variation to implement duration control, and equipment levelling.
The flexibility of the General Planning Model is illustrated by the successful planning of two dissimilar prototype projects from one general model. Specific issues pertaining to each project are structured and solved by example.
Computer system issues are discussed. A database system is identified as the software of choice for the construction planning problem. Several commercially available programs are evaluated. Integration of activity planning with other construction specialities is identified in flow chart form.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Petersen, Deanne. "Food truck fever: a spatio-political analysis of food truck activity in Kansas City, Missouri." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17546.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning
Hyung Jin Kim
Planning researchers and professionals have recently noted the social, economic, and cultural benefits food truck activity can provide within a community. As a result, the proliferation of food truck activity has challenged planners to reconsider the role of streets and urban spaces. Food trucks have the potential to enliven the urban landscape and enrich the quality of public life by serving as revitalization catalysts in urban spaces. While food trucks have become an increasingly visible aspect of street life, few jurisdictions have determined an effective manner to regulate and promote food truck activity. The study recommends how cities can improve current food truck policies in order to enable the revitalization of urban spaces through food truck activity. Using Kansas City, Missouri as a study area, the primary question was explored through three secondary inquires and their related methods. First, a GIS-based spatial analysis identified the spatio-temporal characteristics of food truck locations via social media data mining processes. Second, a survey of food truck vendors and interviews with city staff highlighted stakeholder conflicts that pose barriers to food truck activity. Third, a policy review in key cities and the development of a policy framework helped determine appropriate policy guidelines that allow food trucks to operate effectively in a city. The cumulative findings of the study informed food truck policy guidelines for Kansas City, Missouri. The policy framework also provides a structure for cities to utilize in order to analyze their own regulations. Sixteen significant policy areas are included in the framework, with the policy areas falling into one of three categories: permitting and enforcement, streets and spaces, or public health and safety. Appropriate policies that balance the needs of stakeholders allow food trucks to operate effectively, thus allowing cities to capitalize on the urban revitalization effects and other benefits that food truck activity provides within urban spaces.
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Li, Weifeng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Planning for land-use and transportation alternatives : towards household activity-based urban modeling for sustainable futures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97799.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-155).
Recent research has begun generating a much richer, activity-based behavioral framework to replace the conventional aggregate, four-step approaches. However, to date, the framework remains to be completed, at least enough to provide a robust behavioral foundation that incorporates household long-term behaviors with routine travel and activity patterns. The objective of this research is to explore aspects of activity-based urban modeling that could assist in understanding changing land use and transportation interactions as information technologies enable more complex measurement and modeling, and alter the economics of urban transportation by improving last-mile logistics and facilitating car sharing. The research focuses on specific issues and strategies for developing household, quasi-activity-based, urban modeling prototypes that could simulate the impacts of transport innovations in metropolitan areas. In our implementation and development of the Lisbon model, we started with case 0 first - the four-step travel demand model without considering any land use change. Then given the considerations of data and modeling purpose, what began as a standard version of the UrbanSim model linked to the four-step travel demand model (in Case 1) has evolved into a modified version of the UrbanSim connected to a uniquely formulated tour-based travel model (in Case 2) that not only adjusted the model specification for certain components, but also changed some of the assumptions about household behavior and heterogeneity. The modified UrbanSim model suggests some improvement over the standard version, in differentiating the accessibility for different types of households. However, it is still far from the considerations of household interactions that many planners consider important in the household long-term choices. One key objective of the research is to improve the ability of the models to simulate the impacts of transportation innovations on household-level activity patterns and residential location choice in metro Lisbon. Since transportation innovations and economic restructuring can trigger substantial changes in place/space/household interactions, household-level adjustments can involve changes in car ownership, trip chaining, repackaging of household trips and the like. Therefore, I propose an accessibility indicator that addresses these considerations when evaluating the attractiveness of destinations and modes. The indicators are measured at the household level and facilitate micro-simulation of residential location choice while accounting for household-specific trip chaining, scheduling, and mode choice options. This household quasi-activity- based urban modeling framework (Case 3), represents a progression of behavioral models that capture observably significant behavioral differences in Lisbon. In the simulation experiments, the quasi-household-activity-based urban modeling framework (Case 3) is applied only for two-worker households for which sufficient activity data are available in Lisbon. The quantitative results from simulating the urban development impacts of the proposed policy changes in the Lisbon Metropolitan in next 25 years under Case 0, Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 demonstrate the progression of experiments with alternative strategies for incorporating key activity-based elements into LUTE models. The main contributions of the dissertation include the development and implementation of quasi-activity-based modeling framework and specific techniques to assess the impacts of transportation innovations and energy and environmental constraints on urban development patterns. This represents an alternative approach to the traditional land use and transportation interaction research and overcomes some major obstacles to model household activity and mobility. It also has significant applications for transportation and urban planning in the information and communication technology (ICT) age. The dissertation demonstrates the use of emerging information technologies, modern federated database management and distributed modeling techniques to facilitate the 'what if' analyses of changing land use and transportation circumstances, induced by the new ICTs in metropolitan areas.
by Weifeng Li.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
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Zhu, Yi Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Spatiotemporal learning and geo-visualization methods for constructing activity-travel patterns from transit card transaction data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93807.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-157).
The study of human activity-travel patterns for transportation demand forecast has evolved a long way in theories, methodologies and applications. However, the scarcity of data has become a major barrier for the advancement of research in the field. At the same time, the proliferation of urban sensing and location-based devices generate voluminous streams of spatio-temporal registered information. These urban sensing data contain massive information on urban dynamics and individuals' mobility. For example, the transit smart card transaction data reveal the places that transit passengers visit at different times of day. As tempting as it appears to be, the incorporation of these urban sensing data into activity-travel study remains a big challenge, which demands new analytics, theories and frameworks to bridge the gap between the information observed directly from the imperfect urban sensing data and the knowledge about how people use the city. In this study, we propose a framework of analysis that focuses on the recurring processing and learning of voluminous transit smart card data flows in juxtaposition with additional auxiliary spatio-temporal data, which are used to improve our understanding of the context of the data. The framework consists of an ontology-based data integration process, a built environment measurement module, an activity-learning module and visualization examples that facilitate the exploration and investigation of activity-travel patterns. The ontology-based data integration approach helps to integrate and interpret spatio-temporal data from multiple sources in a systematic way. These spatio-temporally detailed data are used to formulate quantitative variables for the characterization of the context under which the travelers made their transit trips. In particular, a set of spatial metrics are computed to measure different dimensionalities of the urban built environment of trip destinations. In order to understand why people make trips to destinations, researchers and planners need to know the possible activities associated with observed transit trips. Therefore, an activity learning module is developed to infer the unknown activity types from millions of trips recorded in transit smart card transactions by learning the context dependent behaviors of travelers from a traditional household travel survey. The learned activities not only help the interpretation of the behavioral choices of transit riders, but also can be used to improve the characterization of urban built form by uncovering the likely activity landscapes of various places. The proposed framework and the methodology is demonstrated by focusing on the use of transit smart card transaction data, i.e., EZ-Link data, to study activity-travel patterns in Singapore. Although different modules of the framework are loosely coupled at the moment, we have tried to pipeline as much of the process as possible to facilitate efficient data processing and analysis. This allows researchers and planners to keep track of the evolution of human activity-travel patterns over time, and examine the correlations between the changes in activities and the changes in the built environment. The knowledge gained from continuous urban sensing data will certainly help policy makers and planners understand the current states of urban dynamics and monitor changes as transportation infrastructure and travel behaviors evolve over time.
by Yi Zhu.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
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Su, Jing S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Reclaiming residual space from elevated transport infrastructure : time, space, and activity under the Chicago Brown Line." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33744.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95).
This thesis studies the non-transport functions of the residual space generated by elevated transport infrastructure and its relationship with abutting neighborhoods The space under the Chicago Brown Line, among all other elevated train lines, is often considered as an undesirable and useless urban eyesore. As part of the transit authority's right of way, such space is usually labeled "mass transportation corridor" on planner's land use maps. However, more careful observations reveal that a considerable portion of the land underneath the train tracks has been actively used by the adjacent residents or business owners for a variety of purposes other than providing transit service. These observations place an interesting question mark on the stubborn negative common perception of the residual space associated with the elevated train lines and other large scale transport infrastructure: why the fact that such residual space is actually being used cannot change the notion that it is not usable? By categorizing the observed activities under the Brown Line into private, quasi-public, and public use types, it is clear that most of the spontaneous reclamation actions are intended for private activities.
(cont.) This in a sense indicates that private activities have limited contribution to the entire image of the social character of the residual space. Analysis of the physical characteristics of the residual space shows that although the physical condition of a given plot of residual space does not determine the occurrence of activities on it, the quality of the physical environment is an important factor of the quality of the social activity. Therefore, this thesis argues that one effective way to reclaim the residual spaces both physically and psychologically is to showcase a series of key projects that transform them into delightful places well-programmed for public/quasi-public activities. Following this argument, the main body of the thesis explores strategies of reclaiming the residual space by presenting cases of similar practice in other places and proposing implementation prototypes designed for the Brown Line. The lessons learned from the case studies and the design exercises are conceptualized into guidelines that cover a broad range of considerations from engaging participants, programming activities to spatial design and temporal planning.
(cont.) In all, this thesis attempts to provide alternative view points for the transit authority to upgrade, manage, and maintain its right of way, to urge city planners to look into flexible and overlapped land use patterns, and to express my strong belief in good urban environment.
by Jing Su.
S.M.
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Sevtsuk, Andres. "Path and place : a study of urban geometry and retail activity in Cambridge and Somerville, MA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62034.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, September 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"August 11, 2010." Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-208).
This dissertation investigates retail location patterns in urban settings -- a domain that has received relatively little attention in recent decades. We analyze which land use, urban form, and agglomeration factors explain observed retail patterns in an empirical case study of Cambridge and Somerville, MA. We are particularly interested in whether and how the distribution of retailers is affected by the spatial configuration of the built environment -- the physical pattern of urban infrastructure, the spacing and sizes of buildings, and the geometry of circulation routes. We argue that understanding retail location patterns in urban settings is not only important for improving retail location theory, but also essential for designing economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable urban neighborhoods. The dissertation proposes a novel graph-analysis framework in which retail location patterns can be represented under realistic constraints of urban geometry, land use distribution, and travel behavior. A series of spatial accessibility metrics, which we hypothesize to affect retail location choices, are introduced and applied in this framework using individual buildings as units of analysis. In order to test the statistical significance of these different metrics on retail location choices, we adopt the strategic interaction methodology from spatial econometrics and apply it for the first time in the context of location studies. We specify a linear probability model with a binary dependent variable and estimate how buildings' probabilities to accommodate retail establishments relate endogenously to other retailers' location choices and exogenously to both land use and urban form characteristics around each building. We apply the model to all retail and food-service establishments as a group and to different three-digit NAICS establishment categories individually. The results confirm that retail location choices in our study area are significantly related to both other retailers' endogenous location choices and exogenous land use characteristics around each building. However, controlling for both of these factors, we find that the spatial distribution of retail activity is also significantly related to the geometry of the built environment. By setting constraints on accessibility, visibility, adjacency, and density, the geometry of the built environment produces a rich landscape of information that appears to guide opportunities for business from building to building. The findings inform economists and planners about factors that attract retailers in urban settings, and urban designers about how the seemingly basic act of laying out streets, parcels and buildings can affect the location choices retail and service land uses, thereby shaping the economic structure of the city in important ways.
by Andres Sevtsuk.
Ph.D.
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Lemon, Jamie. "Using GIS to Measure Walkability in Cincinnati, OH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337887649.
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Ankenmann, Douglas A. "Activity, interaction, and movement (AIM), a train-the-trainer model for program planning and design." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/MQ53619.pdf.
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Musau, Filbert. "Space planning and energy efficiency in buildings : the role of spatial, activity and temporal diversities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/3306/.
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When it becomes necessary to use mechanical energy in buildings, it would be expected that the amount used should not only correspond to the density of spatial utilisation but also the occupancy patterns, or vice versa – that vacancy patterns should produce corresponding reductions in energy use. Empirical evidence suggests that this is not always the case. This research aimed to find out if patterns of interior space organisation and/or utilisation have corresponding patterns of energy consumption, and if planning and/or utilisation programming strategies can enable energy savings. Although this study acknowledges that space planning is related to user organisations, it is not about such relationships. Previous research alludes to the following factors as potential determinants of energy use, but their quantitative degree of influence is not well understood: properties of interior construction elements; environmental interaction/autonomy between spaces; circulation configuration; layout density; activity relationships; and temporal factors of space use. The influence of these factors on energy is examined by quantitative analysis, which matches different plan regimes and environmental systems against different occupancy regimes. The wider target is buildings that experience varied patterns of occupancy, but the focus here is on office, laboratory, and library building typologies, by way of examples. The quantification is by computer simulation using established software packages (TAS, Lightscape, and Flovent) and Excel spreadsheets developed for this work. Further investigations in selected case study buildings involve first monitoring spatial utilisation and the corresponding running environmental systems. The data are then used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the existing layout against hypothetical options on the existing ‘shell and core’ of each building. A conceptual approach for energy saving, which is partly based on the findings of the parametric and empirical studies, is then formulated and tested in some of the case study buildings. The thesis demonstrates that: different patterns of spatial, activity, and systems organisation have corresponding patterns of energy use; and that significant energy savings can be achieved in a best practice ‘shell and core’ through the right match of space plans with space use patterns – with potentially higher savings in a wasteful shell. It also demonstrates that adopting approaches that dynamically adjust to the temporal diversity of space use can also enable significant savings. One such approach is proposed and promising directions for further research are suggested.
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Wolter, John Charles. "Developing a business plan for Milwaukee Mutual Insurance Company : existing and future real estate investment and development activity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78954.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references.
by John Charles Wolter.
M.S.
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Mojica, Carlos H. "Examining changes in transit passenger travel behavior through a Smart Card activity analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44364.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-140).
Transit passenger behavior is an area of major interest for public transportation agencies. The relationship between ridership and maintenance projects, however, is unexplored but increasingly relevant in the era of aging infrastructure. This thesis bridges this gap by analyzing changes in Smart Card activity for a sample of rail commuters during a large scale maintenance project in Chicago. Results show that between 8% and 11% of the passengers used the bus system as a commuting alternative while the majority of them continued using the train under deteriorated service conditions. Comparisons to a control zone show that between 2% and 7% of the commuters did not use transit for their trips. Using the observed results, we model the shift from rail to bus using a binary logit model. Implications of the findings are discussed.
by Carlos H. Mojica.
S.M.in Transportation
M.C.P.
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Sikder, Sujan. "Spatial Transferability of Activity-Based Travel Forecasting Models." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4771.
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Spatial transferability of travel forecasting models, or the ability to transfer models from one geographical region to another, can potentially help in significant cost and time savings for regions that cannot invest in extensive data-collection and model-development procedures. This issue is particularly important in the context of tour-based/activity-based models whose development typically involves significant data inputs, skilled staff, and long production times. However, most literature on model transferability has been in the context of traditionally used trip-based models, particularly for linear regression-based trip generation and logit-based mode choice models, with little evidence on the transferability of activity-based models and that of emerging model structures.
The overarching goal of this dissertation is to assess the spatial transferability of activity-based travel demand models. To this end, the specific objectives are to:
1. Survey the literature to synthesize: (a) the approaches used to transfer models, (b) the metrics used to assess model transferability, (c) the available evidence on spatial transferability of travel models, and (d) notable gaps in literature;
2. Lay out a framework for assessing the spatial transferability of activity-based travel forecasting model systems, and evaluate alternative methods/metrics used for assessing the transferability of specific model components and their parameters;
3. Conduct empirical assessments of spatial transferability of the following two model components used in today's activity-based model systems: (a) daily activity participation and time-use models, and (b) tour-based time-of-day choice models. Data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) were used for these empirical assessments;
4. Conduct empirical assessments of model transferability using emerging model structures that have begun to be used in activity-based model systems - specifically the multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model;
5. Investigate alternate ways of enhancing model transferability; specifically: (a) pooling data from different geographical regions, and (b) improvements to the model structure.
The dissertation provides a framework for assessing the transferability of activity-based models systems, along with empirical evidence on the pros and cons of alternative methods and metrics of transferability assessment. The results suggest the need to consider model sensitivity to changes in explanatory variables as opposed to relying solely on the ability to predict aggregate distributions. Updating the constants of a transferred model using local data (a widely used method to transfer models) was found to help in increasing the model's ability to predict aggregate patterns but not necessarily in enhancing its sensitivity to changes in explanatory variables. Also, transferability assessments ought to consider sampling variance in parameter estimates as opposed to only the point estimates.
Empirical analysis with the daily activity participation and time-use model shed new light on the prediction properties of the MDCEV model structure that have implications for model transferability. This led to the development of a new model structure called the multiple discrete continuous heteroscedastic extreme value (MDCHEV) model that incorporates heteroscedasticity in the model's stochastic distributions and helps in enhancing model transferability. Transferability assessment of the time-of-day choice models show encouraging evidence of transferability of a large proportion of the model coefficients, albeit except important parameters such as the travel time coefficients. Collectively, there is evidence that pooling data from multiple regions may help in building better transferable models than those transferred from a single region.
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Jorgensen, Herman J. M. "Activity based costing within a DLA depot's Planning & Resource Management Department: A Model and Analysis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27930.
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This thesis examines the Planning and Resource Management Department of the Defense Distribution Region West (DDRW) in their pursuit of introducing Activity Based Costing (ABC) to their organization. The thesis focuses on the workload impact of ABC on the department by developing a model that establishes the baseline workloads and costs. The model is created by the aid of a computer modeling software that incorporates the various physical constraints with the financial costs and variable external demands or requirements involved. With the baseline model completed, the anticipated ABC impact is introduced to the model and the results are assessed. This thesis answers the question as to the scope of the ABC impact on the DDRW Planning and Resource Management Department and demonstrates how ABC modeling can be an effective management tool. The model and the resulting analysis demonstrate both the strengths of ABC management for federal agencies and the viability of using computer model analysis in financial management decisions
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Carlsvärd, Oscar, and Ruth Karlsson. "Svensk version av bedömningsinstrumentet Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) - normdata för vuxna personer 18-50 år." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51307.
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Kim, Kihong. "Recent Advances in Activity-Based Travel Demand Models for Greater Flexibility." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4225.
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Most existing activity-based travel demand models are implemented in a tour-based microsimulation framework. Due to the significant computational and data storage benefits, the demand microsimulation allows a greater amount of flexibility in terms of demographic market segmentation, temporal scale, and spatial resolution, and thus the models can represent a wider range of travel behavior aspects associated with various policies and scenarios. This dissertation proposes three innovative methodologies, one for each of the three key dimensions, to fulfill the greater level of details toward a more mature state of activity-based travel demand models.
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Zhou, Meng. "Inter-generational changes in activity-travel behavior and auto-mobility in the chinese context." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/515.
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Observations in a number of developed countries have shown a stagnating or declining trend in the level of car use and sparked a heated debate on whether such trend would persist into the future. While arguments over the potential causes of this trend remain largely unsettled, the crucial implications of the long-term trends on the strategic development of transport infrastructure as well as the long-term planning schemes in the transportation sector are generally agreed upon. This study aims at providing evidence of the changing trends in an under-researched area with historically limited car dependence and distinct cultural and social characteristics through disaggregate analysis on several large-scale datasets. Three separate case studies were carried out to identify the changes in car ownership, activity-travel behavior, car use, and personal attitudes towards cars in different Chinese cities, namely Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Beijing. Statistical modeling approaches were applied for the disaggregate analysis at the household and individual levels. Findings in the case study of Hong Kong suggest that the level of car ownership and car use has shown indications of levelling-off and even a certain degree of decrease in the past decade, despite the low level of car dependence for the entirety of the city's history. Results in the case of Shenzhen, on the other hand, indicate a surging car ownership rate in recent years, which is in contrast with the situation in its neighboring city of Hong Kong. The interactions between built environment and travel behavior have also changed significantly in Shenzhen, a city undergoing rapid expansion. The third case study reports that the level of auto-mobility has increased significantly during the past decade in Shenzhen and all age groups and cohorts experienced similar uptrends in car ownership and car use. In addition, analysis on the dataset from Beijing suggests that young adults do not evaluate private cars and their functions as favorably as the middle-age adults. Findings in this study contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the recent changes in car ownership, activity-travel behavior, and attitudes towards private cars in the Chinese context. This study also highlights the importance to expand the range of research attention out of the developed and motorized countries in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics in travel behavior and auto-mobility around the world. Findings also have important policy implications in curbing auto-dependence in daily travel and planning and managing future transportation.
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Andersson, Maja, and Anna-Madonna Beydoun. "Normdata för den svenska versionen av Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) för personer mellan 51 - 70 år." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-56823.
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Sharpe, Samantha A. "Regional dimensions of innovative activity in outer Western Sydney." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/36077.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, Urban Research Centre, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
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Carraro, Natasha Olga Norina. "Looking Back and Moving Forward: A Meta-Analytic Review and Two Original Studies Examining the Role of Action Planning and Coping Planning in Promoting Physical Activity Behaviour." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32096.
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Physical activity (PA) offers numerous physical and mental health benefits. Unfortunately, most people struggle to lead an active lifestyle, particularly when they are concurrently striving to balance other pursuits that may interfere with their engagement in PA. The self-regulatory strategies of action planning (AP) and coping planning (CP) have been proposed as a means of helping people initiate and maintain PA, though inconsistent findings have been observed to this effect. The primary objectives of the present dissertation, achieved by way of two original articles, were to (a) review the extant planning for PA literature in order to summarize and synthesize knowledge in the area to date, and (b) examine AP and CP in relation to more than one goal at a time, while testing the relevant moderator of academic goal conflict. The first article comprised a meta-analysis of correlational (k = 19) and experimental (k = 21) studies on planning for PA, which revealed a medium-to-large summary effect for correlational studies, and a small summary effect for experimental studies. Furthermore, AP and CP emerged as partial mediators in the relation between behavioural intention and PA. Numerous moderators were also found. Among other key findings, this article cast light on the fact that, despite multiple goal pursuit being the rule rather than the exception, most studies reviewed examined a single goal in isolation. Further, the summary effects found were more modest than expected and highly heterogeneous, pointing to the value to testing relevant moderators. Thus, the second article contained two studies that examined the moderating role of academic goal conflict on the relations between AP and CP with PA using samples of university students concurrently pursuing an academic and a PA goal. Study 1 (N = 317) used a 6-week prospective design, and Study 2 (N = 97) used a 1-week daily diary design and measures of self-reported PA behaviour and goal progress. Across both studies, it was found that academic goal conflict moderated the influence of planning on PA outcomes. AP and CP were found to play differential roles in predicting PA when students were experiencing goal conflict: AP related to better PA outcomes at lower levels of academic goal conflict, whereas CP related to better PA outcomes at higher levels of academic goal conflict. These two self-regulatory strategies appear to play a different, yet complementary role in the goal pursuit process. Overall, the present dissertation contributes to knowledge synthesis in the area of planning for PA. In addition, novel research findings are presented which specifically target identified gaps in the literature. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed, and future research avenues are proposed.
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Cooperstein, Elaine Constance. "Physical activity levels of urban and rural young children in the Iowa Bone Development Study." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/349.
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A better understanding of the association of the environment to young children's physical activity is needed to design effective behavioral interventions and to improve communities' infrastructures in ways that support the development of healthy behaviors.
This thesis used data from the Iowa Bone Development Study (IBDS) to examine activity behaviors of young children in urban and rural Iowa. Mean daily minutes of moderate through vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA), as recorded by accelerometry-based physical activity monitoring in the IBDS, were compared by level of socioeconomic status (SES) and census block type (urban or rural). Media use (television and videogames), in hours per day by parental report, was similarly compared. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of census block type (urban or rural) with lower categories of MVPA and VPA, and with a high category of media use (exceeding the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation for ≤ 2 hours/day of media).
Mean age of the 400 participants included in this thesis was 5.65 years (SD = 0.53), females comprised 53.5%. Children's mean daily minutes of MVPA and VPA were not significantly different among SES levels nor between urban and rural census blocks. Rural children had decreased odds for lower categories of MVPA (Boys' OR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.60) (Girls' OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.50) and VPA (Boys' OR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.48) (Girls' OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.52), but not significantly so.
Lower SES boys and girls engaged in more daily media use (hours/day) than higher SES children, and a higher proportion of low SES children exceeded the AAP recommendation than did middle-level or high SES children. Rural boys' media use (2.7 hours/day) was higher than that of urban boys (2.3 hours/day) (95% CI: 0.06, 0.80 hours/day), whereas urban and rural girls' media hours/day were not significantly different. Odds for excess media use were higher for rural boys (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.11) and for low SES boys (OR 2.99; 95% CI: 1.34 6.68), as well as for low SES girls (OR 4.12; 95% CI: 1.95, 8.71).
Although rural and urban children's MVPA and VPA did not differ in this thesis, rural and low SES boys had both higher daily media hours and increased odds for exceeding AAP media recommendations. Odds for excess media also were increased for low SES girls. Interventions to improve healthy behaviors of young children by limiting screen-based recreation and/or supplying means for alternate activity and play opportunities may be especially beneficial when focused on lower SES and rural areas.
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Abdelghany, Ahmed F. "Dynamic micro-assignment of travel demand with activity/trip chains." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3023538.
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Chen, Yu-Jen. "Structural Analysis on Activity-travel Patterns, Travel Demand, Socio-demographics, and Urban Form: Evidence from Cleveland Metropolitan Area." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492719562434723.
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Dalah, Entesar Z. "Quantitative Modeling of Tissue Activity Curves of 64Cu-ATSM and Delineation of Tumour Sub-volumes in Treatment Planning." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510922.
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Chan, Kwok-cheung Anson, and 陳國璋. "How the built environment affects physical activity and health." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44901781.
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Berglund, Martina. "Using Tentacles in Planning and Scheduling Work : Activities, Roles and Contributions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10564.
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Handling production scheduling is increasingly difficult for manyenterprises, and human involvement is necessary. The overall objective ofthis research was to gain further understanding of planners’ and schedulers’work within the manufacturing industry, to elucidate how their worksituation is formed, and to explain their significance to other employees’work and company activities. Scheduling work was studied in fourcompanies in the Swedish woodworking industry; a sawmill, a parquet floormanufacturer, a furniture manufacturer and a house manufacturer. Themethod used was activity analysis which is based on the analysis of workactivities in real work situations. Data collection included 20 days’observations and 65 interviews. Cross-case analysis with British cases onplanning work was also included.The findings revealed that the schedulers’ tasks lead to many activities. Twothirds of these are what can be expected. The remaining third constitutesactivities that depend on the schedulers’ individual attributes and the contextin which they work. The schedulers serve as problem solvers in a number ofdomains and constitute efficient information nodes, making them animportant service function. Furthermore, they have an alignment rolebetween different organizational groups. This role is specifically remarkablein dealing with production enquiries that must be aligned with productioncapability. Here, both planners and schedulers play an essential role inlinking the manufacturing and the commercial sides and their differentfunctional logics.Planners and schedulers in daily work exert strong influence on others. Theydo not hold legitimate power. Instead their influence emanates mainly fromaccess to and control of information and their ability to apply expertise tointerpret this information and examine the impact of decisions made acrossdifferent areas of the business. Personal power related to social skills is alsosignificant.Furthermore, they facilitate others’ work in continuous personalinteractions, serving the technical scheduling software system, and aligningdifferent organizational functions. In combination with expert knowledgeand developed social skills, they significantly contribute to quality operationsperformance. Finally, the schedulers influence the decision latitude of otheremployees and may indirectly promote job satisfaction, thus contributing todeveloping appropriate working conditions for others in the company.QC 20100624
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Mejicano, Quintana Miguel Antonio. "Simulation Modeling of Constrained Resource Allocation Using the Activity Based Conceptual Modeling Methodology." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37101.
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This thesis considers a common healthcare challenge of planning capacity for a system of care where patients receive multiple treatments sessions from multiple resources. As a case study of this more general problem, we considered the particular context of a capacity planning model for the Mood and Anxiety Program at The Ottawa Royal Health Centre (referenced as The Royal for simplicity) where a new service system known as CAPA (www.capa.co.uk) is being implemented to enhance the mental care provided to its patients. In order to develop the capacity planning model, we have created a simulation model using the Arena simulation software. We have also used the ABCMod Framework as the modeling methodology. The ABCMod is an activity based conceptual modelling framework that provides a set of guidelines as to how to build a conceptual model including its structural and behavioural aspects as well as a collection of constructs which include inputs, outputs and parameters among others. The ABCMod framework tools are expected to facilitate the model validation with project stakeholders. A series of scenarios relevant to The Royal were modeled and analyzed in order to determine how best to manage capacity so certain performance goals within the CAPA system implementation are met. These scenarios determine the service level The Royal can provide with its current capacity and also the amount and distribution of resources that is required to achieve its goals under the CAPA system.
As a result of our simulation runs, we defined the policy implications for The Royal in order to achieve its targets and successfully implement CAPA. Additionally, through the application of the ABCMod framework and standard process mapping tools, we were able to reach a consensus and validate our modeling approach with the project stakeholders at The Royal. Our model could be adapted to other settings in which multiple resources provide a series of sequential interventions to clients.
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Pouke, M. (Matti). "Augmented virtuality:transforming real human activity into virtual environments." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208343.
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Abstract The topic of this work is the transformation of real-world human activity into virtual environments. More specifically, the topic is the process of identifying various aspects of visible human activity with sensor networks and studying the different ways how the identified activity can be visualized in a virtual environment. The transformation of human activities into virtual environments is a rather new research area. While there is existing research on sensing and visualizing human activity in virtual environments, the focus of the research is carried out usually within a specific type of human activity, such as basic actions and locomotion. However, different types of sensors can provide very different human activity data, as well as lend itself to very different use-cases. This work is among the first to study the transformation of human activities on a larger scale, comparing various types of transformations from multiple theoretical viewpoints. This work utilizes constructs built for use-cases that require the transformation of human activity for various purposes. Each construct is a mixed reality application that utilizes a different type of source data and visualizes human activity in a different way. The constructs are evaluated from practical as well as theoretical viewpoints. The results imply that different types of activity transformations have significantly different characteristics. The most distinct theoretical finding is that there is a relationship between the level of detail of the transformed activity, specificity of the sensors involved and the extent of world knowledge required to transform the activity. The results also provide novel insights into using human activity transformations for various practical purposes. Transformations are evaluated as control devices for virtual environments, as well as in the context of visualization and simulation tools in elderly home care and urban studiesTiivistelmä Tämän väitöskirjatyön aiheena on ihmistoiminnan muuntaminen todellisesta maailmasta virtuaalitodellisuuteen. Työssä käsitellään kuinka näkyvästä ihmistoiminnasta tunnistetaan sensoriverkkojen avulla erilaisia ominaisuuksia ja kuinka nämä ominaisuudet voidaan esittää eri tavoin virtuaaliympäristöissä. Ihmistoiminnan muuntaminen virtuaaliympäristöihin on kohtalaisen uusi tutkimusalue. Olemassa oleva tutkimus keskittyy yleensä kerrallaan vain tietyntyyppisen ihmistoiminnan, kuten perustoimintojen tai liikkumisen, tunnistamiseen ja visualisointiin. Erilaiset anturit ja muut datalähteet pystyvät kuitenkin tuottamaan hyvin erityyppistä dataa ja siten soveltuvat hyvin erilaisiin käyttötapauksiin. Tämä työ tutkii ensimmäisten joukossa ihmistoiminnan tunnistamista ja visualisointia virtuaaliympäristössä laajemmassa mittakaavassa ja useista teoreettisista näkökulmista tarkasteltuna. Työssä hyödynnetään konstrukteja jotka on kehitetty eri käyttötapauksia varten. Konstruktit ovat sekoitetun todellisuuden sovelluksia joissa hyödynnetään erityyppistä lähdedataa ja visualisoidaan ihmistoimintaa eri tavoin. Konstrukteja arvioidaan sekä niiden käytännön sovellusalueen, että erilaisten teoreettisten viitekehysten kannalta. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että erilaisilla muunnoksilla on selkeästi erityyppiset ominaisuudet. Selkein teoreettinen löydös on, että mitä yksityiskohtaisemmasta toiminnasta on kyse, sitä vähemmän tunnistuksessa voidaan hyödyntää kontekstuaalista tietoa tai tavanomaisia datalähteitä. Tuloksissa tuodaan myös uusia näkökulmia ihmistoiminnan visualisoinnin hyödyntämisestä erilaisissa käytännön sovelluskohteissa. Sovelluskohteina toimivat ihmiskehon käyttäminen ohjauslaitteena sekä ihmistoiminnan visualisointi ja simulointi kotihoidon ja kaupunkisuunnittelun sovellusalueilla
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Garrott, Lauren. "A walk in the park: a study of African American women and an opportunity for physical activity." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17740.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Mary Catherine (Katie) Kingery-Page
In the United States, minorities are less physically active and in turn at higher risk for heart disease, diabetes and obesity. The purpose of my study is to examine the factors that influence physical activity in neighborhood parks and to answer: What aspects of park design and programming discourage physical activity participation in African American women? My goal is to identify barriers to physical activity and make recommendations for improving design and programming of a neighborhood park. The results of my research are relevant to the planning profession because planners can use public policy to combat inequality in the built environment. Many studies have related recreation access to socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, age, and gender. While African American women are not the only disadvantaged population when it comes to access to recreation, they do have a higher risk for obesity. In trying to answer why African American women have higher rates of obesity, some studies have found that while willingness to participate in physical activity does not differ in white and black women, duration of physical activity does. My research employs a mixed methods approach to understand the barriers to physical activity experienced by African American women, in context of a neighborhood park. This study uses a physical assessment of James Mulligan Park and the surrounding neighborhood within Alexandria, Virginia. Following the physical assessment I piloted a survey to gather information on the barriers to physical activity. The pilot guided a final survey of seventeen participating African American women in the neighborhood. I hypothesized that the perception of park safety will have an effect on the rate of physical activity in African American women. This hypothesis points to a general barrier for all women. Based on literature review, I also expected to find barriers unique to African American women. The study concluded that African American women in this neighborhood share some barriers with all women and they also expressed some barriers unique to African American women. I found that personal barriers like “exercise tires me” was the most common, rather than perceptions of safety. In addition, I found culturally specific barriers, such as “exercising is not my cultural activity” and “I avoid exercise to protect my hairstyle.” Based on my analysis of the setting and surveys I make several recommendations for the park and neighborhood.
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Chen, Na. "How Do Socio-Demographics and The Built Environment Affect Individual Accessibility Based on Activity Space as A Transport Exclusion Indicator?" The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467329535.
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Basu, Rathin. "An analysis of the relationship between sectoral activity, diversification, and structural change in the economy." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115007/.
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Syu, Bin-Wun, and 徐斌文. "Research on the Activity Planning for Pre-exhibition." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16352675284944209140.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
觀光與休閒管理系碩士班
103
MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition) industry in Taiwan has not only been listed as one of national key development industry, but the first implementation of the policy. Owing to virtue or vice of the activity planning for pre-exhibition which relate to the success of the exhibition. Therefore, a comprehensive strategies and criteria for implementation of the pre-exhibition activity will be helpful to improve the competitiveness of the exhibition. In this paper, data of pre-exhibition activities collected by method of literature analysis, and then semi-structured in-depth interview was also conducted. The model of activity planning for pre-exhibition is consistent with three dimensions, which are pre-exhibition resources, planning of exhibition affair, and activity planning. They were coded by qualitative data analysis tool of Atlas.ti which authorized by grounded theory. The strategies and criteria of pre-exhibition could be further analyzed by methods of the Interpreted Structural Models (ISM), Matrix based Structural Models (MSM) and Analytic Hieratical Process (AHP). The reliability and validity also could be analyzed by triangulation analysis. The results contribute to the successful implementation of the MICE.
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Lin, Ling Hua, and 林玲華. "An implementation planning on activity based costing and managemet." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00839319476968546818.
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Naidoo, Deenishnee. "Ease of mobility of the 'vulnerable' as a contributor to social equity : an examination of an activity street versus a non activity street." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10084.
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Eom, Jin Ki. "Incorporating activity-based special generator data into a conventional planning model." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02082007-125530/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Yang, Pei-tzu, and 楊珮慈. "Adjustment of Preventive Maintenance Policies Planning based on Activity-Based Costing." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83844597557003042129.
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碩士逢甲大學
工業工程與系統管理學研究所
94
In order to assure the equipment working stably and to promote the use value of equipment, it is necessary to adjust and plan the preventive maintenance policies in machinery equipment. However, planning the preventive maintenance policies can’t fix all the time. A policymaker should master the production and the quality condition in all manufacturing procedures, and basing on the deterioration or failing situation to adjust the preventive maintenance policies. This research focuses on a customization production manufacturing system of multiple and batch process. Expanding the Activity-Based Costing method to establish cost models related the production manufacturing system and to analyze each cost in production operation activities. According to the periodic PM policy, sequential PM policy and age-dependent PM policy, understanding the PM policies are changed by cost drivers and then analyzing how to adjust the preventive maintenance policies in different production manufacturing condition to reduce cost.
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McKeehan, Moya Linne. "An overview of activity master planning in the United States Navy." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22019.
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Chen, Ming-da, and 陳明達. "THE INTEGRATION OF ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING AND ADVANCED PLANNING AND SCHEDULING." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52785404111835827970.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
91
Production & manufacture management, as we know, has been colossal reformed with rapidly development between network and information technology. In order to answer quickly the variety for market demanded, enterprise is expected to content with vender and customer by conducting Advance Planning and Scheduling (APS) in place of the traditional production planning module such as MRP, CRP, MPS and so on. Nowadays, APS commercial systems have been providing powerful planning function, including supply chain decision, network planning, production planning, material demand planning, capacity demand planning, and shop floor scheduling. However, the cost was not considered easily for each planning and decision, which without order analysis, production cost analysis, and price function, almost still executed by ERP traditional cost analysis. The thesis is to be tried to integrate cost analysis with APS systems. It could not only bring cost factor into planning decision, but also provide enterprise as a reference for cost analysis, quotation, and accept customer order. Besides discussing the essentiality integrate APS and cost analysis and integration method, another research motive in paper is: After using the automation equipment, it has brought about the variety for production cost structure which made the traditional cost apportion method not suitable for the high-automation industry. Because direct labor cost gradually reduced in the ratio of production costs, manufacturing expenses relatively increased for the ratio. Traditional accounting system calculated by labor hours or based on machine hours to apportion in indirect cost. Actually, manufacturing expenses were not easily shared to each cost object that enterprise calculates cost which makes distorted. So, it has more literature provide Activity-Based Costing as to improve the traditional style to share the cost. Moreover, besides controversy in theory, it’s hard for ABC implement is need a lot of data to go on the procedure. The paper is try to use Activity-Based Costing combine APS, it would bring to the detail planning data that provides enterprise quickly cost analysis.