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Lund, Jesper. "Digital Innovation : Orchestrating Network Activities." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Människa och Informationsteknologi (MI-lab), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29725.
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Digitization of analogue everyday artifacts, i.e. when physical products are equipped with digital capabilities, has a profound impact on today’s society. Some examples of these digital innovations aimed at consumer markets are the “connected” car, the digitized television set, and in the near future, digitized IKEA furniture. Digital innovation provides endless opportunities for providing value adding products and services. However, in digital innovation there is a need to find new ways of organizing network activities, i.e. activities such as e.g. production and translation of knowledge and enrollment of actors. These activities need to embrace and build on the networked aspects and the complexity inherent to digital innovation. This requires network activities that can overcome challenges with the ambiguous and messy characteristics of digital innovation. In this thesis, I propose that the theoretical perspective of network orchestration can enlighten fruitful ways to address challenges that are encountered when organizing network activities in digital innovation. Inspired by practical challenges with digital innovation, as well as contemporary calls for research within IS, this thesis investigates: How can network activities be orchestrated in digital innovation? Two cases of digital innovation aimed at consumer markets are studied. The first case concerns the digitization of the newspaper. The second case regards the digitization of door locks. Literature about digital innovation is used to understand the context of the studied phenomenon. Furthermore, theories about network orchestration as well as activities in innovation are used as a theoretical framework to help answer the research question. The thesis is based on an interpretative perspective where a multi-method approach has been applied to address the research question. The contribution is divided into two different parts. The first part presents four categories of empirically derived network activities that address socio-technical challenges with organizing digital innovation. The second part is a proposed model detailing orchestration of network activities in digital innovation. The model is based around the four suggested categories of network activities: (1) Supporting flexible innovation networks, (2) Production and translation of layered architectural knowledge, (3) Addressing heterogeneous user communities, and (4) Harnessing generativity to leverage value. The categories of network activities can be viewed as building blocks for the orchestration process. By emphasizing both a proactive and a reactive way of orchestrating digital innovation, the model proposes a means for organizations to address the ambiguity and complexity of digital innovation.
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Steinwender, Claudia. "International and innovation activities of firms." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/924/.
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The economic environment in which a firm operates is constantly changing. This thesis contains three essays to examine how firms adapt their innovation and international activities to a variety of external changes. The first paper, “Information Frictions and the Law of One Price: ‘When the States and the Kingdom became United’”, shows how information frictions affect the exporting behavior of merchants, exploiting a unique historical experiment: the transatlantic telegraph, established in 1866. Using a newly collected data set on cotton trade based on historical newspapers, I find that information frictions result in large and volatile deviations from the Law of One Price. There are also real effects, because exports respond to information about foreign demand shocks, and average exports increase after the telegraph and become more volatile. I provide a model in which exporters use the latest news about a foreign market to forecast expected selling prices when their exports arrive at the destination. Their forecast error is smaller and less volatile the more recent the available information. The welfare gains from the telegraph are estimated to be around 8% of annual export value. The second paper, “Survive another day: Using changes in the composition of investments to measure the cost of credit constraints” is joint work with Luis Garicano. We introduce a novel empirical strategy to measure the credit shocks that were triggered by the recent financial crisis: Theoretically, we show that credit shocks affect long term investments by more than short term ones. Credit shocks can then be measured within firms by the relative drop of long run relative to short run investments; using firm-times-year fixed effects to absorb idiosyncratic demand shocks. Using data on Spanish manufacturing firms we find that credit constraints are equivalent to an additional tax rate of around 11% on the longest lived investment. While the trade literature has established a positive impact of globalization on the productivity of firms, there is lacking consensus about the underlying mechanism at work: Trade theory focuses on a market access mechanism, but empirical papers point out that import competition matters as well. The third paper, “The roles of import competition and export opportunities for technical change”, conducts a “horse race” between the two mechanisms. Using Spanish firm level data, I find robust evidence that access to export markets leads to productivity increases, but only for firms that were already highly productive before. The evidence on import competition is weaker and very heterogeneous, pointing towards an omitted variable bias in earlier papers.
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Elyasir, Taha, and Sarah Salman. "Innovation measurement & activities for manufacturing companies." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18427.
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Today's business environment has become increasingly competitive, which is partly due to an expansion in globalization coupled with higher consumer demands. This places greater demands on flexibility and consciously of innovation. Traditional innovation measurement focuses on measuring output, which means that it can take years to evaluate and map the innovation process. The aim of the following project is to identify activities that enable companies to monitor and develop their innovative activities. The metrics are tools that help organizations control and develop innovations, to strengthen their innovation process. The study was initiated with a systematic literature review with the objective to highlight important aspects of innovation and innovation measurement. Empirical data was collected through the qualitative method, where 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Three of the interviews were with researchers that have knowledge in the field of innovation. The remaining interviews were conducted with employees at case company Dynapac. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings, a definition of innovation has been identified for the manufacturing sector. Within the case company, the challenge was to analyse the current metrics and develop future metrics. The researchers reveal the importance of implementing a measurement system that drives activities related to the development of innovative work and capabilities, to ensure continuity. Ten metrics have been identified for the innovation process. These have been categorized into input, process, and output to guide companies in the innovation process. The metrics were categorized by four types: capability, organization, market and financial. The objectives with the metrics are to capture the full range of the innovation process and the activities that are relevant to each metrics. The metrics are actively promoting keeping track or supporting reflection about innovation activities.
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Chu, Yaxuan. "Innovation activities, knowledge sourcing and perception of innovation barriers : evidence from China." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12073/.
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The aim of our research is to explore the effect of firms’ innovation activity in China. Our research explores the linkage between firms’ knowledge sourcing, innovation output and innovation barrier perception in developing countries. We combine firms’ recursive innovation activity based on the research framework of innovation value chain and innovation barrier analysis. Using a database containing innovation panel data obtained from more than 16,000 Chinese firms over the period 2005-2010, we obtained results that show that there are complementary effects between firms’ internal knowledge sourcing and other external knowledge sourcing but no substitution effects between any two knowledge sourcings in China. In terms of the knowledge transformation process, we find that in-plant R&D has the most strongly positive and significant effect on the probability of undertaking successful product innovation. Our results based on an estimate of Chinese firms’ perception of innovation barriers indicate that profit firms are more likely to perceive government regulation and market information barriers and that Chinese firms perceive government-related innovation barriers as a more important difficulty than other barriers.
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Wu, Weiwei. "Innovation Intermediation Activities and the Actors that Perform Them." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20325.
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While many organizational actors, including firms, governments, universities, and non-profit organizations may have an impact on the innovative capacity of the firms with which they engage, we have little knowledge of their relative importance. The literature on innovation intermediaries reports on the impact of specific types of organizations, but has not considered the relative importance of different types of organizations. While the studies using Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data are able to consider relative effects, data on the nature of those effects are limited. In the interests of a better understanding of the relative nature and degree of the innovation enabling contributions of a range of organizational actors, I conduct a comparative examination of the contributions of firms, governments, universities, industry associations, and research institutes. Using survey data from a sample of 499 firms, I identify the actors that are most strongly associated with each of ten innovation intermediation activities.
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Єврейська, О. В. "Business planning of activities of the enterprise." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/19956.
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Yevreiska, О. V. Business planning of enterprise activity=Бізнес - планування діяльності підприємства : дипломна робота : 073 Менеджмент / О. В. Єврейська ; керівник роботи Філіпова Н. В. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра публічного управління та менеджменту організацій. – Чернігів, 2020. – 75 с.Business planning is not a new phenomenon in Ukraine's economy. It is an integral tool of the business environment used to create a new business or project. The business plan describes the main aspects of the future project or enterprise, analyzes all the problems it may face, and provides ways to solve them. It is also the main document on the basis of which partners, investors and creditors provide the necessary investments. In a market economy, such a plan should be a planned program to study the market and competitors, risk, production and economic, financial activities and sales and ensure 8 the adaptation of the firm to new conditions. This approach involves the possibility and need to develop local business plans for individual projects, products (goods) and services. In crisis conditions, the business plan of the enterprise is designed, above all, to solve the problem of improving its financial condition. The concept of the system of internal business planning is to create a system of management and analysis of all areas of financial and economic activity of the enterprise, which meet the following requirements: ⎯ Development of a functional model of the enterprise with the allocation of basic business units and management functions; ⎯ Interconnectedness of a complex of receptions in horizontal and vertical section; ⎯ Reliability and timeliness of analytical information obtained as a result of the enterprise; ⎯ Qualitative analysis and detection of deviations as a result of plan-factor comparison; ⎯ Flexible and fast scheme of adaptation to changes of internal and external factors. Thus, business planning is a universal tool that can be used with different target settings. The theoretical and practical fundamentals of enterprise business planning were investigated and summarized; thereupon the best ways to improve the effectiveness of drafting the business plans were developed. The theoretical fundamentals of enterprise business planning were investigated, and their essential characteristics were unified. The methodological principles of drafting the business plan were summarized, and the practice of business planning at LLC “LKT 2016” was analyzed. The proposals for business-planning improvement of the company under investigation in the context of adjusting to dynamic market changes were developed.
Бізнес-планування – не нове явище в економіці України. Це невід’ємний інструмент бізнес-середовища, що використовується з метою створення нового підприємства чи проекту. Бізнес-план описує основні аспекти майбутнього проекту чи підприємства, аналізує всі проблеми, з якими воно може зіштовхнутись, і передбачає способи їх вирішення. А також є основним документом, на підставі якого партнери, інвестори та кредитори надають необхідні інвестиції. В умовах ринкової економіки подібний план повинен бути плановою програмою вивчення ринку і конкурентів, ризикової, виробничо-господарської, фінансової діяльності і продажів та забезпечувати адаптацію діяльності фірми до нових умов. Такого роду підхід передбачає можливість і необхідність розробки локальних бізнес-планів по окремим проектам, продуктів (товарів) і послуг. У кризових же умовах бізнес-план підприємства покликаний, перш за все, вирішувати завдання поліпшення його фінансового стану. Концептуальною ідеєю системи внутрішньофірмового бізнес-планування є створення системи управління та аналізу усіх сфер фінансово-економічної діяльності підприємства, які відповідають таким вимогам: ⎯ Розробка функціональної моделі підприємства з виділенням основних бізнес-одиниць і функцій управління; ⎯ Взаємопов'язаність комплексу прийомів в горизонтальному і вертикальному розрізі; ⎯ Достовірність і своєчасність аналітичної інформації, одержуваної в результаті роботи підприємства; 7 ⎯ Якісний аналіз і виявлення відхилень в результаті план-факторного зіставлення; ⎯ Гнучка і швидкодіюча схема адаптації до зміни внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів. Таким чином, бізнес-планування є універсальними інструментом, що може застосовуватисяз різними цільовими установками. Отже, у випускній кваліфікаційній роботі було проведено дослідження та узагальнення теоретичних і практичних основ бізнес-планування на підприємстві та сформовано на цій основі оптимальні шляхи підвищення ефективності розробки бізнес - планів. Досліджено теоретичні основи бізнес-планування на підприємстві та узагальнено їх сутнісні характеристики. Узагальнено методичні засади складання і оформлення бізнес-плану та проведено аналіз практики бізнес-планування на підприємстві ТОВ «ЛКТ 2016». Розроблені пропозиції щодо удосконалення практики бізнес-планування у діяльності досліджуваного підприємства у контекстів адаптації до динамічних ринкових змін.
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Deplazes, Ursula. "A theory of routinization of the firm's innovation activities /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17943.
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Smith, Marisa Kay. "Innovation activities in call and contact centres : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11807.
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Chinneck, C. K. "Idea management : enhancing external innovation capabilities within front-end activities." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719998.
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This study examines and verifies the factors influencing idea management in enhancing external innovation capabilities within front-end activities in large organisations. Previous studies have identified idea management as being in serious need of better management. This research aims to address this need by adding new knowledge and understanding to how organisations generate, search and select ideas internally and externally. Innovation is rapidly becoming a strategic priority, but there is a large gap between the perceived importance of innovation and the effectiveness of approaches used to support innovation. Idea management works under the premise that the innovation process is too important to be left to chance. Ideas are the starting point to every innovation. This research examines the concept of idea management, which acknowledges the importance of external ideas within the innovation process. External sources offer a huge amount of knowledge and ideas, much of which is unexpected and can therefore promote disruptive innovation. Idea management is characterised by a high degree of complexity and must be organised efficiently in order to work in the long-term. It is well established that there is a general lack of clarity, definition and understanding within the front-end of innovation in terms of language, processes and activities. This is why it is also referred to as the fuzzy front-end, occurring prior to when an idea receives formal funding. Several key activities include opportunity identification, problem definition, environmental scanning, and idea generation and evaluation. These activities involve leveraging internal and external innovation capabilities and is one of the reasons why this research focuses on better understanding and visualising this interaction by improving idea management practices.
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Annosi, Maria Carmela. "Regulation and Self-Regulation of Team Learning and Innovation Activities." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193568.
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Self-regulated learning and innovation activities within teams are those processes with which team members collectively activate and sustain cognition, affects and behaviors which are systematically oriented towards the achievement of their team’s goals. Although research on self-managing teams exists, there remains considerable confusion on many issues including what self-regulation is and how regulation of self-regulated learning and innovation activities is carried out. A primary contribution of this dissertation is to introduce a theoretical framework for analysing and applying regulative actions in organizational environment. The aim of this dissertation is to advance the understanding on how regulation of self- managing team learning and innovation activities can happen starting from an analysis of the self-regulative learning processes of individuals within teams and of their own determinants. This dissertation has three objectives: 1) to present internal team mechanisms involved in the self-regulation of teams’ learning activities, their interactive dynamics and their corresponding major organisational determinants; 2) to rely on this novel understanding to detect relevant regulative actions which are able to indirectly influence teams’ self-regulatory learning and innovative behaviour; 3) to offer empirical evidence of how specific regulative actions affect team learning and innovation performance. We discover that there are four major constructs associated with the regulation of teams’ learning and innovation activities: feedback loops and goals equally combining learning and performance items, networks of influence made up of managers and stakeholders interacting with teams through systematic routines, training programmes for team members, dialectical perspective on learning and innovation to force in the managerial layers.QC 20161005
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Wenngren, Johan. "Team based innovation : early problem setting activities in engineering design." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Innovation och Design, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26015.
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Manufacturing firms’ attention to innovations and the innovation process has during the last decade gained in intensity of interest. One trigger for such an interest is that these companies have extended their business models towards an integrated product-service approach, where the introduction of a service perspective in early development challenges the traditionally temporary formative nature of processes. This new business model of Product-Service Systems (PSS) puts an emphasis on delivering added value to the customer: instead of providing goods the manufacturing firm should provide a service based solution. This does not mean that they stop producing physical goods, but rather that more service aspects should be considered by the engineering team in the planning and design of the goods. When the ownership of the physical goods stays within the firm it is through a challenge and an opportunity to provide “what the user wants” and, at the same time, what is beneficial for the firm. Hence, an innovative and dynamic organisation is desirable. Typically, in product development the team consists of engineers that are domain experts, but novices when it comes to understanding services and often in interpreting customer information. For a firm to create product-service solutions that meet customer needs, innovation and creativity within the early development processes are important (thus the aspects that have gained an increased interest among manufacturing firms). Product development is commonly viewed as an innovative process, though the degree of innovation is usually low (i.e. incremental improvements of the goods). The integration of services into early development could be perceived as radically challenging such an innovation process. The purpose in this thesis is to improve the understanding of development teams working with PSS innovation. This is done in order to facilitate discussion of the challenges for a firm to shift into a product-service process. The empirical data in this study comes from a business-to-business company in the aeronautical industry, but also from student innovation projects. The focus for the study is how teams collaborate in early phases of innovation projects. The qualitative data was generated by performing both observations and interviews. The results indicate not only the importance of heterogeneous teams in the innovation process but also the lack of a sufficient approach for innovative PSS development. Because of this, new tools and methods are vital, but this is not to ignore how traditional tools and methods can be reused and retro-fitted into such a process. Further, the results indicate that personal motivation has an impact on how teams perform innovation activities. This could have the implication that, for example, a goal-oriented engineer surrounded by similarly motivated teammates could more likely fail in interpreting customer information because none of them is likely to assign importance to that information. Therefore, to support engineers to provide product-service solutions not only methods and tools, but also training for how to perform and reflect on user needs could be necessary. KeywordsProduct-Service Systems, Team Based Innovation, Radical Innovation, User oriented design, Engineering designGodkänd; 2010; 20101117 (johwen); ICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Funktionella produkter/Functional Product Development Examinator: Professor Tobias Larsson, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Assistant Professor Anna Öhrwall Rönnbäck, Linköpings universitet Tid: Måndag den 20 december 2010 kl 10.00 Plats: E631 Studion, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Ryzhkova, Natalia. "Web-Enabled Customer Involvement in Innovation Activities : a Firm's Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00608.
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Customer involvement in innovation activities is a common practice among companies in most industries. It has been widely researched by scholars to demonstrate its risks and advantages. Yet, the growing importance and recognition of the Internet are transforming the scope, boundaries, and dynamics of interactions among firms and customers. Progressing information and communication technologies (ICTs) (including the Internet) enable faster, cheaper, and more efficient collaboration. The demonstrated benefits of using various web-based methods for customer involvement in innovation activities have encouraged companies to adopt a new approach. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about associated challenges. In addition, prior research was unable to provide empirical evidence of the claimed benefits ensuing from web-enabled customer involvement. As a result, companies may experience unforeseen difficulties and may not be able to achieve what they expect from their implementation of web-based methods. This thesis aims to address this research gap by exploring web-enabled customer involvement from a firm’s perspective. The overall purpose of this dissertation is to increase the understanding of web-enabled customer involvement in innovation activities by exploring its use and its impact on firms’ innovation, as well as management competences needed for its efficient realization. The thesis draws on the concept of absorptive capacity and includes four empirical studies from various industries. The adoption levels of a wide range of web-based methods were identified and compared with the findings of the previous study, thereby uncovering interesting changes in their popularity, as well as differences in adoption among companies in various industries. The empirical findings of this thesis show that web-based methods increase a company’s probability to introduce service innovations. Three types of challenges related to different types of web-based methods were identified and verified. It was also possible to identify corresponding management practices to handle these challenges. The management practices form three firm competences, constituting a specific absorptive capacity. It was proved that all dimensions of this specific absorptive capacity are needed for successful and effective customer involvement. Insights of this thesis contribute to increasing the understanding of web-enabled customer involvement. Therefore, the thesis provides companies with empirically verified knowledge that is necessary to make decisions about the implementation and management of web-enabled customer involvement.
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Ratanawaraha, Apiwat 1972. "Does income distribution affect innovation?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69439.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-70).
In this study I specify econometric models that test the hypothesis that income distribution affects innovation. The econometric results suggest that countries with more equal income distribution spend more on innovative activity, produce more innovative outputs, and are more productive in producing innovations than those with less equal income distribution. Other significant determinants of innovation include income level, the size of economic activity, and population density. However, my findings indicate that the effects of income distribution on innovation are limited to developing countries. Income distribution, the size of economic activity, and population density significantly affect innovation expenditures only in developing countries. Income level affects R&D expenditures in both developed and developing countries. Regarding the determinants of innovation output level, income distribution affects only developing countries, whereas the size of economic activity affects both developed and developing countries. Income level is not a significant factor in determining the level of innovation output. As for innovation productivity, income level is significant for both developed and developed countries, while income distribution and population density affect only developing countries. The size of economic activity is not a significant determinant of innovation productivity. Income distribution has an effect only on developing countries, because knowledge and information, the essence of innovation, have the properties of increasing returns to scale due to externalities, and increasing marginal productivity. Income distribution affects innovation expenditure, innovation output, and innovation productivity by affecting the aggregate demand composition and human-capital accumulation. Because the market size and the stock of human capital are relatively small in developing countries, income distribution has significant effects on the size of market, the stock of human capital, and therefore innovation.
by Apiwat Ratanawaraha.
M.C.P.
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Folea, Ligia. "Integrating open innovation in the strategic planning process." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/07601388001/$FILE/07601388001.pdf.
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MAGACHO, LYGIA ALESSANDRA MAGALHAES. "INNOVATION PARK FOR PEOPLE SERVICE: METHODOLOGY FOR PLANNING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16890@1.
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Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo de caso do Parque de Inovação de Serviços para as Pessoas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, abordando suas características enquanto sistema complexo e identificando metodologias apropriadas para o seu planejamento. Esse Parque faz parte de uma rede iberoamericana e tem o objetivo de provocar uma mudança social na região onde está inserido, melhorando a qualidade de vida e o bem estar social, pela transferência de conhecimento, tecnologia e inovação e criação de empresas focadas no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços que diminuam as desigualdades entre as classes sociais. A partir da análise de teorias sobre planejamento de sistemas complexos e da caracterização do alto grau de complexidade apresentado pelos Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos e Parques de Inovação, identificam-se metodologias adequadas para o processo de planejamento desses ambientes de inovação. Com base nessa identificação, delineiam-se elementos para a estruturação desse processoThis dissertation aims at identifying appropriate methodologies for planning for the Innovation Park for People Service at Baixada Fluminense. This park, which is part of an Ibero-American network, was conceived to generate social changes in the region where it operates, improving the quality of life and social welfare, by transferring knowledge, technology and innovation and creating companies focused on the development of products and services to reduce social classes’ disparities. The method of case study and action-research is adopted and theories about the planning of complex systems and adaptive planning are examined, considering the specificities of Science and Technology Parks and Innovation Parks. The study focuses on the understanding of park planning problems, identifies the key issues to be considered during this process, characterizes the park as an active adaptive complex system, and suggests methodologies for improving its planning process.
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Kim, Minjee. "Spatial qualities of innovation districts : how Third Places are changing the innovation ecosystem of Kendall Square." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81653.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-102).
This thesis analyzes the spatial dimensions of an urban high-tech cluster in the changing socio-economic landscape of American cities. Using Kendall Square as the primary case study, I analyzed the spatial qualities and characteristics that define an urban high-tech cluster and provide recommendations for how future "innovation districts" should be developed. My in depth study of the built form of Kendall Square reveals that workplaces for the high-tech industry have extended beyond the conventional office setting to include both retail and public spaces: such as cafes, restaurants; and streets, sidewalks, plazas, and open spaces. I label these emerging workplaces as "Third Places" and further emphasize that Third Places are critical catalyst to the success of innovation districts. Through my findings, I argue that urban high-tech clusters will develop from old urban areas, rather than from newly-born districts, and that such clusters will be concentrated within a walking distance of one or two transit stops, not extending beyond what could be described as a "district." Furthermore, my findings indicate that successful innovation districts are likely to develop spontaneously by incremental private real estate developments, rather than from the urban renewal era's approach of masterplanning. Comparison of the existing development projects in Kendall Square also revealed that an ideal form of innovation district is a mixed-use neighborhood that could accommodate living, working, and playing activities of everyday life. As a result of my investigation, I provide some policy and design recommendations on how to establish innovation districts. For physical spaces, I offer basic principles of designing urban spaces in a way that could stimulate social interaction, chance encounters and interfirm collaboration, which will contribute to the innovation ecosystem of a place.
by Minjee Kim.
M.C.P.
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Seitinger, Susanne 1978. "Spaces of innovation : 21st century technopoles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17707.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Page 129 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-128).
Public authorities and private developers around the world are attempting to create and sustain hubs within the innovation-based economy by fostering successful urban environments. These large-scale developments succeed an earlier generation of post-industrial "technopoles" named after the French word popularized by Castells and Hall in Technopoles of the World (1994). In the 1990s, most planned technopoles resembled suburban office environments with generous landscaping, wide roads, and automobile-focused circulation systems. In contrast, today's economic development experts are increasingly emphasizing the need for interaction and cross-fertilization among companies and institutions in an attempt to foster innovation, from which successful communities are assumed to derive their competitive edge in an information- based economy. Parallel shifts in live-work patterns among creative talent groups are being documented in social science and anecdotal observations. These trends have heightened competition for qualified individuals and initiated a talent war among cities globally. And these individuals are living footloose lifestyles supported by mobile devices and wireless connectivity. Entrepreneurial public agencies and private developers have recognized the potential for reconceiving live-work environments as economic hubs. These holistic projects are identified as 21st century technopoles because they directly address and capitalize on the socio-economic shifts described above leading to vastly different ideal urban configurations. The thesis asks how urban form is expected to contribute to innovation; and, how urban form is being reconceptualized in turn at the neighborhood scale.
(cont.) Four case studies provide a rich narrative that begins to sketch the range of proposed urban developments: Cyberjaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Digital Media City, Seoul, Korea; one-north, Singapore; Lower Manhattan, New York. A narrative ties the four cases together providing "thick descriptions" as a base-line study for a new mode of technopole development. The analysis reaches from (1) "hardware" or the urban built environment and (2) "wiring" or the embedded and supported technologies to (3) "software" or the actors involved. The case studies indicate several emergent themes that are rescripting our urban environments. Dense urban zones with a high level of sensory diversity are being proposed for emerging technopoles that capitalize on the city as a metaphor for human interaction and exchange. Real estate value in this system is measured by the number of serendipitous encounters it facilitates. The dichotomous relationship between spaces of places and spaces of flows set forth by Castells seems inapplicable within the boundaries of these zones that are at once core and periphery, local and global. Finally, these developments are living laboratories for the technologies that support new live-work preferences and shifting lifestyles. Several contradictions become apparent in delving more deeply into the examples, which are still under development. In the promotional materials, diversity - demographic and physical - is embraced, but it is not clear how it will contribute to innovation. More generally, the projects plan for often unpredictable "knowledge accidents." ...
by Susanne Seitinger.
M.C.P.
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Chung, Hoi-yin, and 鍾海言. "Planning for nature-based recreational activities in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207644.
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Demand for outdoor recreation has been increasing, probably due to changing lifestyle, increasing accessibility and most importantly, the need to escape from the busy city life. The rising environmental awareness couples with deteriorating environmental quality in city have encouraged people to visit the countryside to relax physically and mentally, bringing about nature-based recreation which refers to activities carried in the natural environment for self-enjoyment and pleasure. Through engaging in nature-based recreational activities, conservation of natural resources and recreation needs of human can be achieved, as well as arousing environmental awareness. Hence, nature-based recreation is regarded as a sustainable way to serve the nature and mankind. Yet, recreational activities in nature can impose pressure on nature and thus planning is essential for nature-based recreation, so as to comply with the obligation of nature conservation and optimize recreation opportunities for people.
This study aimed to investigate and assess the effectiveness of planning of naturebased recreational activities in Hong Kong, hence provide suggestions to improve the provisions and enhance the experiences of nature-based recreational activities. The overall planning of nature-based recreation in Hong Kong was investigated and Shing Mun Reservoir, Nam Sang Wai and Fung Yuen Butterfly Reserve were chosen as studied sites for evaluation. Questionnaires and interviews had been conducted to gather opinions of visitors, green group and planner.
In general, it is found that the country park system and the Management Agreement Scheme formed the skeleton of planning of nature-based recreational activities. Yet, the current planning provisions were insufficient to cover all existing and potential venues. Problems were identified in the insufficient protection to natural resources and lack of adaptability and evaluation of the country park system, lack of understanding and appreciation of the nature by the public, insufficient supports to facilitate nongovernment planning and management to nature-based recreational activities, and lack of determination in conserving the nature in macro planning. It is recommended to enhance the current country park system, including natural resources protection, nature education, regulation assessment and evaluation, and improve adaptability; enhance Management Agreement Scheme to minimize the management difficulties; and extend the coverage of Hong Kong Planning Standard and Guidelines to include nature-based recreation and creating ancillary guidelines for planning to remind key issues. Further, strong determination in nature conservation and sustainability of the government is important to guide and facilitate effective planning for nature-based recreational activities.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Martinez, Maria Angeles Garcia. "Study on innovation activities in the Spanish food and drink industry." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288070.
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Kim, Yunhee. "Regulation, Policies and Innovation Activities in Industries : approaching Methods and Implications." Phd thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820667.
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In general, policymakers are often faced with a different choice, i.e., the choice between using regulation-based instruments and using incentive-based instruments, where the policy instruments could be based either on mandatory approach or voluntary approach with economic incentives in market. Historically, industrial economists have regarded the issue of policy design as the one focused primarily on the choice among alternative policy instruments, where those are generally viewed as falling into two broad categories: regulation-based instruments and incentive-based instruments. Through the theoretical and empirical analysis, this study identifies some key features that are likely to increase both the effectiveness and efficiency of industrial policies with voluntary and mandatory approaches. One key feature is the existence of a strong relationship between innovation and industrial policies. The explorative innovation increases the incentives for participation in long-term but also reduces the financial incentives in short-term. Considering firms' characteristics and industry sector also increases the synergy effect of policies and regulations. In sum, when based on the understanding and consideration on the nature of innovation and other impact factors, industrial policy can provide a mechanism for meeting industrial quality goals both effectively and efficiently. This understanding also can help policy makers to decide whether or not use of such policy approach is advisable and to design the policy ensuring that it is as effective and efficient as possible. Consequently, the current study investigates the difference and tendency of industrial policy approaches and the type of innovation carrying out three analyses according to the mandatory and voluntary approaches. With the assumption that the mandatory approach has short-run impact to prompt new technology or grow a specific industry, we firstly assess the impact of regulation, such as privatization of nature monopoly. Using the firms' data of 20 OECD countries between 1994 and 2008, we can claim that considering interaction among liberalization policies and allowing the industry characteristics are critical to determine for the Profitability effect and Operational efficiency effect and level of investments. Secondly, this study analyzes the relationship between 'Corporate Environmentalism' and composition of innovation using the Carbon Discloser Project (CDP) and (Dow Jones Sustainability Index) DJSI index data. The result shows the significant variation of firms' investment activities according to the industry sector, firm characteristics, sustainable and environmental behaviors of firms. Finally, this study identifies the relationship between 'Business-led Initiatives (CSR)' and innovation activities of firms. Using the Vigeo rating and financial data in 2009, this study shows the relationship between CSR and innovation activities of firms. Consequently, when the firm builds their short- and long-run business strategies, the consideration of the relationship between types of investment and CSR practice will lead to more synergic effect on the outcome of investments. The findings of this study could provide a comprehensive understanding on the effect of sustainable management strategies on the innovation and sustainability of firms.
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Traficonte, Daniel (Daniel Martin). "Patents over planning : industrial capital and federal innovation policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132757.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Political Economy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2021Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
In recent years, scholars from a range of disciplines have analyzed the collective set of federal R&D programs as a high tech-oriented industrial policy through which the US government actively targets certain economic sectors over others for state support. Analysts have emphasized one dominant institutional feature of this system: federal R&D programs lack a central planning mechanism, and are instead highly fragmented and ad hoc. While some analysts have interpreted this institutional structure as a strength, others view the absence of R&D planning as a major shortcoming, a view shared by policymakers advocating for increased coordination of federal R&D programs in order to help combat economic and environmental challenges. This study examines the origins and institutional evolution of federal innovation policy, and in doing so, probes possibilities for future reform. My account focuses primarily on the business-state nexus as an explanatory factor, emphasizing the role of politically active industrial firms in shaping the system's legal and institutional structure. I argue that R&D-based industrial firms were opposed to proposals for R&D planning, but only insofar as these proposals also threatened a separate institutional feature to which these firms were more firmly committed: the transfer of patent rights resulting from government-led R&D projects into private hands. During the New Deal and into the immediate postwar period, the link between patent reform and innovation planning prompted industrial firms to lead the attack against progressive calls for a more coordinated R&D system. When government patent policy became decoupled from planning during the Space Race and eventually led to a new consensus on "technology transfer," industrial firms shifted in favor of R&D planning but by that time saw their political influence substantially reduced. The neoliberal business coalition lobbied instead for increasingly fragmented one-off programs to promote specific high-tech fields--a "hidden developmental state" that would remain intact until the present. From this perspective, the structure of the federal R&D system is more a result of a conflict over property than over planning, and the institutional link between coordination and government patent policy may frustrate future attempts to finally realize planned innovation in the US.
by Daniel Traficonte.
Ph. D. in Political Economy
Ph.D.inPoliticalEconomy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Korver, Mark William. "Innovation as a measure of appropriate technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67726.
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Kharrrufa, Sahar Najib S. "University and polytechnic planning through the utilization of student activities." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767549.
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The amount and distribution of activities performed in a site can be beneficially used to study and plan the physical requirements of that site, especially in spatial terms. A high concentration of a particular activity during a certain period of day would mean that a respectively large amount of space to house that activity is needed. Since there is a direct link between the function and characteristics of a particular site or building, and the consequent activities performed in it, it is theoretically possible to establish a relationship between these elements, ie; the individual case, the activities, and the spatial need. This chain would provide the basis for a planning method with advantageous characteristics. It would allow the planner more flexibility in assigning activities to space, the ability to accommodate the needs of each individual case, and consequently a chance to improve the accuracy of his spatial projections. This research concentrates on applying this procedure to campus planning. The most important thing in developing an activity method for planning is to isolate the factors that affect the activities and determine their actual impact quantitively. Using a large data base containing a detailed list of student's activities in separate campuses, it was possible to formulate and test a theoretical basis to achieve this goal. This was done by gathering the students into groups that are under relatively similar circumstances, ie; residents and non residents, postgraduates and undergraduates, etc.; and analysing their response to changes in their environment, be that physical, organizational, or academic. To test the accuracy of the theory, the results were consistently checked, where possible, on the students of the other sites. Most of the results showed relatively small margins for error rarley exceeding 13%, but some relationships could not be evaluated for statistical significance. The outstanding factors that appeared to affect students activities, and hence their need for space, in a campus were: the percentage of resident students, amount and distribution of scheduled hours, the subject being studied by the students, size of campus, its location with respect to urban centres, and the number of postgraduate and part time students. Each of these factors has a negative or positive influence on a particular aspect or aspects of student activities, but the most important are the percentage of resident students and the number of scheduled hours. Having measured the effect of each factor on the students, it was possible to lay out a system to calculate the activities in a future campus and find its spatial requirements. To show the difference between this method of planning and the existing ones, a test was carried out on a selected range of cases with different characteristics; the results showed a relatively large difference with the activity method consistently expressing need for less areas of space than the other methods.
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Smyth, Pamela S. "Planning purposeful imaginative activities in creative contexts for children's literacy." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5645/.
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Although children in primary schools in England are required to write imaginatively in order to gain optimum marks in statutory tests, an emphasis is often placed on revising decontextualised genre features, grammar and spelling. I wondered whether there was a place for creativity and imagination within the apparent constraints of a curriculum for English that had become defined by objectives and teaching procedures imposed by national strategies to raise literacy standards. Using a definition of creativity as purposeful imaginative activity, I set out to explore how teachers could interpret the objectives imaginatively and plan meaningful contexts for literacy, even in a climate of changing curriculum emphases. My thesis reports on three cycles of reflective, collaborative action research focused on literacy planning, in order to theorise meanings in relation to my values, understanding and practice. As a result of the research, approaches to planning sequences of purposeful imaginative activities that embed literacy concepts in meaningful creative contexts are exemplified. Evidence from an analysis of literacy plans for children in classrooms across the primary phase shows that teachers use their professional imaginations to plan their provision for children to read and write imaginatively – their statutory national curriculum entitlement (DfEE, 2000). We found that children’s literacy improves when they dwell in possible worlds as, for example, curators, custodians or concerned villagers, using the powerful resource of their own, and collective, imaginations. In addition, an analysis of drawings revealed evidence of the effort and effect of children’s somatic and affective imaginations. The work is underpinned by theories of: aesthetic appreciation and representation; child-centred, holistic pedagogy; inclusive creative processes; and the imagination as a resource for creating meaning. My ideas have been challenged and developed by academics such as Pat D'Arcy on literacy, Robert Sternberg on creativity, and Ken Robinson on imagination, in particular. As a result of the research, two conceptual tools for planning were developed and tested. They are underpinned by theory and professional experience and have been used effectively in schools during and beyond the research project. Components of the creative process were identified as motivating ideas, associating ideas, generating ideas, innovating ideas and communicating ideas, and became the MAGIC planning tool. Components of the imagination's repertoire were identified as auditory, kinaesthetic, tactile, emotional and visual, and became the AKTEV imagination repertoire. These represent the living education theories that have transformed my practice, and are offered as a contribution to the field of primary English education.
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Weiller, Claire. "Business model innovation in an emerging ecosystem : electric vehicle diffusion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708955.
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Калантай, А. М. "Актуальні проблеми системи державного регулювання та менеджменту інноваційної діяльності." Thesis, Львівська економічна фундація, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59010.
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Zöllner, Moritz [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Fritsch, and Holger [Gutachter] Graf. "Regional innovation activities and consequences / Moritz Zöllner ; Gutachter: Michael Fritzsche, Holger Graf." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177833220/34.
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Ford, Thomas. "Renovation & innovation in older strip shopping centers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73749.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 83-86.
by Thomas Ford.
M.S.
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Eros, Emily J. (Emily Jean). "Transportation data as disruptive innovation in Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90096.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-84).
Despite the popularity of big data and smart city initiatives in rich countries, relatively few city governments in the Global South possess even basic information about public transportation routes and operations within their jurisdictions. The growing ubiquity of affordable mobile phones and internet-capable devices has enabled some developing cities to begin collecting and compiling these data. This thesis uses a 2013 data collection project undertaken within the Federal District of Mexico City as a case study to examine the role of information as a disruptive innovation in the transportation sector; it explores the potential impacts of transportation information on microbus regulators, owners/operators, and users. To do so, it draws from literature reviews, interactions with transportation agency staff, and interviews with microbus operators. Findings suggest that increased static information may increase government power with respect to microbus operators, particularly during franchising negotiations, but that it may offer limited benefits to users. Dynamic (i.e., real-time) sensors could benefit regulators, owners, and users alike, but would require genuine support or tolerance from microbus drivers. If the government continues to expand its current franchise attempts, then real-time data collection would be achievable and could offer benefits to all involved parties. Otherwise, it would be unfeasible to incentivize drivers to allow live-tracking to take place on their vehicles. Regardless, the case study suggests that transportation information can play a significant role in changing the regulatory dynamics within the Global South and encourages further efforts in the field.
by Emily J. Eros.
M.C.P.
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Bagherzadeh, Nazanin, and Christina Manoli. "CSR Activities Promotes Sustainability : A Case Study of Bombardier." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14877.
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Harutyunyan, Zaruhi. "Measuring effectiveness of organizational training and development activities." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197049.
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This thesis analyses Succession Planning and Management practices in international organizations, and specifically in UniCredit Group, with the goal of developing recommendations for improvement of UniCredit Group's existing practice. The theoretical part provides background knowledge about generics of succession planning and management, its evolution and connection with other Human Resource processes. It is followed by highlights of acclaimed best practices in mitigating risks in implementing succession planning and management systems. The latter acts as a beginning of the practical background of the thesis, as the empirical study aims at discovering strengths and weaknesses of the UniCredit Group in comparison with the theoretical models and the best practices presentation. Based on the latter, qualitative research has been conducted in cooperation with UniCredit Group's Central and Eastern Europe Sub-holding level HR Business Partners and Specialists. The hypothesis that UniCredit Group has a well-established succession planning and management system (up to the most possible comparison with theoretical models and best practices) has been confirmed. The analysis and synthesis of the results from both the theoretical and empirical part are the basis, on which recommendations have been developed.
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Murray, Trevor T. 1971. "The functional perspective of financial innovation and real estate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26735.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-33).
Two broad schools of thought dominate theories regarding financial innovation. One seeks to explain the process of security design in terms of relatively static organizations creating and promoting their wares and services competitively, generally in response to shifts in technology, taxes or regulation. The other approach stems from an understanding of the basic universal functions the financial system is called upon to deliver. I argue that the latter perspective is a more robust and adaptable framework for explaining the process of innovation. Furthermore, this functional perspective explains why cyclical shifts in certain sectors such as real estate stimulate the need for new and innovative financial products.
by Trevor T. Murray.
S.M.
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Plotnikova, Marina. "Can top management and staff through communications influence innovations and innovation activities in Swedish SMEs?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17215.
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The field of research study is Swedish SMEs that belong to plastic industry. In the time ofglobalization and high competition on the global market, the issues of innovationimplementation and processes that can increase effectiveness of innovative activities are oftendiscussed. The issue is essentially important for small and medium businesses, which due totheir size and specifications are more flexible and can easily implement innovations. Due tothe fact, that Swedish market is filled with small and medium enterprises and innovativeactivities are among the most current and attractive for discussion, the research on the matterof innovation is seen as important contribution and necessary study for the modern market.The study focuses on importance of communicative processes between managers andemployees on the matter of innovation and innovative activities. The general researchquestion focuses on studying whether managers and employees can influence innovations andinnovative activities through communication. The research focuses on studying SwedishSMEs, on the case of plastic industry. SMEs in Sweden are well known for innovativeactivities, however, the research attempts to discover whether such activities are effective andwhether communication between managers and employees “makes or breaks innovativeecosystem” (Estrin, 2009). The motivation behind this research is to find how communicativeactivities in Swedish SMEs influence innovative processes and find whether managers andemployees can influence effectively innovations through communication for the benefit of theorganization.
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Forman, Benjamin. "Bridge building : afterschool activities, youth social networks, and community development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17680.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004."June 2004."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-105).
In recent years, U.S. cities have dramatically increased funding for afterschool activities. These afterschool programs may contribute to community development by expanding social networks, providing new channels for the flow of information and resources to low income neighborhoods. Drawing on research and literature from the fields of sociology, political science and adolescent development, I develop an argument for this hypothesis. The theory is tested using both qualitative data collected from interviews at three case study sites, and quantitative data from surveys distributed to afterschool youth programs in the Boston area. I find that afterschool programs build both bridging and bonding social capital by increasing local and extra-local connections between adolescents and adults, peers, and parents. Policy recommendations designed to increase the social network impact of afterschool programming are provided.
by Benjamin Forman.
M.C.P.
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Berglund, Martina. "Using Tentacles in Planning and Scheduling Work : Activities, Roles and Contributions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10564.
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Handling production scheduling is increasingly difficult for manyenterprises, and human involvement is necessary. The overall objective ofthis research was to gain further understanding of planners’ and schedulers’work within the manufacturing industry, to elucidate how their worksituation is formed, and to explain their significance to other employees’work and company activities. Scheduling work was studied in fourcompanies in the Swedish woodworking industry; a sawmill, a parquet floormanufacturer, a furniture manufacturer and a house manufacturer. Themethod used was activity analysis which is based on the analysis of workactivities in real work situations. Data collection included 20 days’observations and 65 interviews. Cross-case analysis with British cases onplanning work was also included.The findings revealed that the schedulers’ tasks lead to many activities. Twothirds of these are what can be expected. The remaining third constitutesactivities that depend on the schedulers’ individual attributes and the contextin which they work. The schedulers serve as problem solvers in a number ofdomains and constitute efficient information nodes, making them animportant service function. Furthermore, they have an alignment rolebetween different organizational groups. This role is specifically remarkablein dealing with production enquiries that must be aligned with productioncapability. Here, both planners and schedulers play an essential role inlinking the manufacturing and the commercial sides and their differentfunctional logics.Planners and schedulers in daily work exert strong influence on others. Theydo not hold legitimate power. Instead their influence emanates mainly fromaccess to and control of information and their ability to apply expertise tointerpret this information and examine the impact of decisions made acrossdifferent areas of the business. Personal power related to social skills is alsosignificant.Furthermore, they facilitate others’ work in continuous personalinteractions, serving the technical scheduling software system, and aligningdifferent organizational functions. In combination with expert knowledgeand developed social skills, they significantly contribute to quality operationsperformance. Finally, the schedulers influence the decision latitude of otheremployees and may indirectly promote job satisfaction, thus contributing todeveloping appropriate working conditions for others in the company.QC 20100624
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Paterson, James G. (James Gordon). "Hierarchical planning and scheduling of looping a activities for robotic scouts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93801.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-91).
A wide range of robotic missions contain activities that exhibit looping behaviour. Examples of these activities include picking fruit in agriculture, pick-and-place tasks in manufacturing, or even search patterns in robotic observing missions. These looping activities often have a range of acceptable loop values and a preference function over them. For example, during robotic survey missions, information gain is expected to increase with the number of loops in a search pattern. Since these looping activities also take time, which is typically bounded, there is a challenge of maximizing utility while respecting time constraints. While current scheduling techniques allow us to specify disjunctive temporal constraints and preference over time, they do not allow us to represent looping constraints, or preference over the number of loops. In this thesis, we provide a capability to optimally choose between multiple candidate plans by selecting threads of execution and the number of loops within each activity, while respecting temporal constraints. To achieve this, we first present a new scheduling problem; the looping temporal problem with preference (LTPP), as a formalism for encoding scheduling problems that contain looping activities, and provide an algorithm to solve it. The LTPP expresses temporal and looping constraints in a compact form, while adding a preference function on the number of loops between two temporal events. Second, we enable hierarchical temporal planning over looping activities through an optimal temporal planner that uses the LTPP scheduler at its core. This planner takes a looping temporal plan network (LTPN) as an input and produces a consistent, least-commitment temporal plan that optimizes the global value of all preference functions. This least-commitment plan can then be dispatched to the robot online allowing for robustness to temporal disturbances during execution. We demonstrate the capabilities of these algorithms on problems from the search-and-rescue domain.
by James G. Paterson.
S.M.
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Jordaan, J. "A proposal for innovation and technology transfer at CUT." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 11, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/326.
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Published ArticleVision 2020 represents the preferred developmental way forward for the Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT). It defines the intention of greatly increasing the involvement of its staff and students in innovation and technology transfer activities, resulting in the CUT having a greater effect on the socioeconomic development of the region. The article describes educational processes that would prepare graduates for such activities, as well as financial and other support measures to assist (prospective) entrepreneurs to convert research outputs into commercially viable products. The potential value to such individuals of participating in formal innovation and incubation activities is also described.
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Kyyrönen, K. (Kati). "Towards an entrepreneurial university:entrepreneurship education and innovation activities at the University of Oulu." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201906052417.
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Abstract. Entrepreneurship and increasing entrepreneurial activity are topics of high interest for several groups in a society. Due to various benefits generated by entrepreneurship, governments and policy makers are interested in mechanisms and activities enhancing entrepreneurial activity. This has led to creation of a phenomenon called Entrepreneurial University, which emphasizes the role of universities in generating new innovations and future entrepreneurs and contributing to regional development.
The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of entrepreneurship education and innovation activities at the University of Oulu. The study aims at identifying the primary activities and educational approaches of different organizations and activities contributing to entrepreneurship education at the University of Oulu and drawing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the activities.
This research is a qualitative study. Data is gathered by semi-structured theme interviews and altogether five interviews were conducted covering the operations of six organizations or activities. All the interviewees were either in the role of planning or implementing the activities and were experienced in their tasks after several years of working in their positions.
The results reveal that entrepreneurship education and innovation activities at the University of Oulu are rich in nature and complementary to each other. All three areas forming the entrepreneurial university phenomenon were found, meaning entrepreneurship training, technology transfer and innovation support mechanisms. From the results it can be stated that after few years of iterative development, the case organizations and activities have found and adopted the best practices to their activities and formed a solid basis for operations. The study also reveals that the major challenges related to operations were shared by the organizations. The greatest challenges related to operations concern reaching and engaging Finnish students, which is caused by other smaller challenges such as lack of motivation, lack of credibility and language barriers. High levels of improvement of operations may be received by focusing on the issues revealed in this research and enhancing co-operation between the organizations.
The results of this research provide the University of Oulu with valuable information about the current state of the entrepreneurial activities and reveal some development areas. This study contributes also to the growing body of research in the field of entrepreneurial university verifying some of the findings of previous research. The study serves also other higher education institutions and organizations planning of conducting similar activities and provides suggestions for further research.
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Herzberg, Torsten. "Towards a mid-range theory of method selection for innovation pre-project activities." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/1059.
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There is a large variety of approaches that describe the pre-project innovation phase as the cradle of successful innovation activities, and thus as an important factor to reach the objective of organisational growth and competitive advantage. However, theoretical contributions to date mainly address this phase either from a strategic or from an organisational perspective. On a conceptual level, the developed methods are either specific to an organisational situation, or too general to be applied in a specific problem situation. In consequence, there is a missing link between strategy, organisation and concept development in theory about the early stage innovation activities. Thus, the innovation pre-project phase is not researched in an holistic way, which prevents a structured accumulation of knowledge in the research field. In this thesis, this gap is being bridged by developing a mid-range theory about the appropriate selection of methods in different, generic organisational situations. The theoretical framework consists of four theoretically derived situations and a set of generic activities that are conducted in pre-project innovation phases. The framework builds upon the research fields of decision-making and problem-solving theory, strategy development, and the contingency view. By combining these perspectives, the strategic problem of generating profit can be solved by the two second order problems of organising and conceiving new products or services. Profit can be generated by solving customers' problems, and this can be pursued by organising this process together with external collaboration partners in a value chain or network. In consequence, the degree of customer problem-solution and the degree of external collaboration are identified as the two dominant factors to describe the strategic innovation problem, and thus the innovation problem solving focus. As a result, on the basis of customer needs theory and transaction cost theory, the four generic situations are derived, and operationalised together with pre-project activities and the concept of methods. On the basis of the operationalised concepts, propositions about adequate method selection were derived, and further evaluated and illustrated by case study research. The thesis ends with the development of hypotheses about the framework and the value of appropriate method selection. On the basis of these hypotheses, requirements for appropriate method selection, in different organisational situations were developed. The central contribution to knowledge provided by this research is the approach to the innovation pre-project phase on the conceptual level in contrast to the existing approaches on an organisational or strategic level. By the development and application of the theoretical framework, research about methods can be conducted on a more general level and then be refined and taylored to specific organisational situations. Redundancies and contradictions from comparison of research conducted for specific situations can be explained, and further accumulation of knowledge in the field of preproject innovation activities is enabled. As a result, the developed mid-range theory allows a more comprehensive and structured approach to evaluate and understand the innovation pre-project phase compared to existing research in this topic.
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McHenry, Peter P. "The strategic evaluation of technology innovation opportunities in waste strategy planning." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4613.
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Technology innovation is needed to support sustainable waste management systems and innovation should be viewed as a central focus of policy design. The difficulty is that policy is designed at a single point in time where as the environment and the processes of innovation are dynamic. The research investigates the extent to which the design of European Union waste policy and its implementation in the UK stimulates the opportunity for technology innovation. The research investigates how understanding of the relationships between EU waste policy, the process of innovation and technology assessment technique affect the opportunity for technology innovation. The research reviews the development of integrated waste management system models highlighting their limitation in evaluating waste technology options within the wider policy context in an uncertain environment over time. The review identifies their failure to consider the interaction between the financial, environmental, social and operational objectives of new technology. The research describes how failure to simulate system characteristics such as waste process operational demands/constraints, varying spatial resolutions, flexible system boundaries and the uncertain environment over time can affect the opportunity for technology innovation. The research describes the development of a modelling tool addressing these limitations in SIMILE Process Simulation Modelling Software. The model uses the Bedfordshire sub-region of the UK as a case study mapping the flow of waste from generation to disposal. The model calculates a single cost function based on economic, environmental and social costs through, wherever feasible, attributing monetary values to all impacts of any technology. Scenarios are modelled to investigate the extent to which ED waste policy and its implementation affects the opportunity for technology innovation. The model is used to investigate the extent to which relationships between the financial, environmental, social and operational objectives of technology create barriers to new technology. The research identifies how the design, development and application of waste strategy assessment models can influence the opportunity for technology innovation. The research identifies how policy imposes additional cost burdens on the opportunity for technology innovation in the Bedfordshire region. The research concludes by suggesting how policy might be designed to stimulate and support technology innovation.
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ALMEIDA, MARIA FATIMA LUDOVICO DE. "CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND ADAPTIVE PLANNING: FROM PRINCIPLES TO ACTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9230@1.
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PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S. A.O paradigma de desenvolvimento sustentável traz para as empresas dois grandes desafios: por um lado, gerar inovações necessárias à existência humana sustentável e, por outro, vencer resistências da sociedade quanto aos novos produtos e serviços. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que futuras tecnologias e inovações tecnológicas impulsionarão negócios mais sustentáveis, propiciando às empresas novas opções de criação de valor, o desafio é descobrir de que maneira as empresas que atuam em ambientes cada vez mais complexos possam incorporar a visão de sustentabilidade econômica, social e ambiental - igualmente complexa - em suas estratégias tecnológicas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da tese é desenvolver e validar um modelo conceitual de gestão estratégica da tecnologia para empresas que buscam pautar sua atuação nos princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável e que desejam incorporar as variáveis sociais e ambientais, além das econômicas, às suas estratégias tecnológicas. Conceituam-se, inicialmente, desenvolvimento sustentável na perspectiva de negócios, abrangendo responsabilidade social empresarial e sustentabilidade corporativa, que, juntamente com inovação tecnológica, são considerados os focos do novo modelo. Em seguida, apresentamse as bases conceituais para a construção da grade analítica que norteou o desenvolvimento e a implantação do modelo, que compreende o referencial sociotécnico, as abordagens de planejamento adaptativo e de aprendizagem organizacional e modelos de gestão tecnológica. Por se tratar de um caso empírico de aprendizagem organizacional e planejamento adaptativo, baseado em projeto de pesquisa-ação em uma empresa de energia de grande porte, acredita-se que a disseminação do modelo proposto possa contribuir para importantes mudanças organizacionais em relação às atuais práticas de gestão tecnológica na indústria, tão centradas ainda nas questões de curto e médio prazos e nos retornos econômicos dos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos.
The sustainable development paradigm presents a challenge to companies that conduct cutting edge research and endeavor to create new, distinctive and products and services. It also challenges the markets and society for which new products and services are destined and which cultural value systems and political frameworks shape. Based on the fact that future technologies will stimulate more sustainable business, the challenge of really integrating sustainability thinking into business processes is significant. The central question is how companies can capture the business potential of sustainable development and integrate economic, social and environmental criteria into their strategic decisions, particularly those related to technological management. In this context, the thesis provides a conceptual model of strategic management of technology towards corporate sustainability, arguing that the integration of sustainability thinking, as an opportunity, into research and development - R&D and innovation processes is in its best business interests. The thesis provides an understanding of sustainable development thinking in business, and discusses the contribution that sociotechnical, adaptive planning and organizational learning approaches can make towards an effective implementation of sustainable technology development in business context. A conceptual model is proposed and validated through a twoyear long research-action project carried out within a large energy company in Brazil - Petrobras. Like many others action research projects, it is situationally unique, but the general elements of the model and the methods used can be replicated by companies of other industrial sectors. It is also believed that dissemination of the proposed model can contribute to important organizational changes related to current technological management practices in industry.
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Belanger, Rachel (Rachel Anne). "Developing common wealth : workspaces for innovation and entrepreneurship in Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111362.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 64-70).
Over the last two decades, Boston and Cambridge have generated some of the strongest and most celebrated innovation districts - Kendall Square and the Seaport District - in which new models of commercial and civic real estate support dense webs of relationships among high-growth companies, academia, investors, mentors, and corporate R&D. Although beneficial for the overall competitiveness of the region, the wealth generated by these start-up and tech communities is not broadly shared, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts's economic development policy, Opportunities for All, has focused on reducing disparities across the state. Meanwhile, the state's Gateway Cities present persistent challenges with lower than average incomes and weak market conditions for real estate development. Since 2014, MassDevelopment's Transformative Development Initiative (TDI) has focused the state's investment in Gateway Cities on projects intended to generate follow-on private investment, including TDI Cowork grants for "collaborative workspaces," broadly defined. In an effort to support communities of entrepreneurs across the state, TDI Cowork expanded into a state-wide Collaborative Workspaces Program in 2016. Despite this interest in using community-oriented workspaces to catalyze new economic opportunities, policymakers, developers, and other economic development professionals in Massachusetts lack a comprehensive picture of what spaces are currently available that aim to support innovation and entrepreneurship. A new inventory of workspaces utilized three categories from a previous list of innovation assets and found 50 "coworking spaces," 51 "innovation centers," and 20 "maker spaces." Of the 121 spaces, approximately 70 opened in the last three years and several others are expected to open in 2017. Survey data showed that spaces in Boston, Cambridge, and Somerville differ from those in the rest of the state in several ways that are significant for stakeholders aiming to catalyze economic development, including a higher portion serving startup teams, providing access to corporate partners and investors, and supporting members/users of digital products versus creative or professional services. Further analysis of the innovation ecosystem in Worcester suggested opportunities to attract mid-stage start-ups and mid-career entrepreneurs rather than focusing on undergraduate student retention as an economic development strategy.
by Rachel Belanger.
M.C.P.
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Liu, Haijing M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Collective innovation spaces in Shanghai : spatial patterns and social life/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118244.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-73).
In 2014, the Chinese central government began an initiative - "mass innovation and entrepreneurship" - as its new strategy of economic development. Collective innovation spaces were promoted as the physical manifestation to fuel this economic development strategy. As a result, the establishment of collective innovation spaces has since received significant funding from both the public and the private sector. The number of collective innovation spaces has grown exponentially over the years. With this significant growth rate, collective innovation spaces have started to exhibit a distinctive spatial pattern and made an impact on urban life. However, few systematic studies have been carried out to understand this spatial pattern and the mechanisms behind it. This thesis takes Shanghai as the study site. Using statistical model and spatial analysis, the study identifies several clusters of collective innovation spaces (CIS) in Shanghai as well as their spatial characteristics. It demonstrates that rental housing units, IT companies, universities, restaurants, bars and coffee shops have a positive relationship with CIS clusters. However, housing developments and parks have a negative relationship with CIS clusters. Development of CIS and the thriving third places, which are privatized social spaces other than home and workspaces, generate an innovation network that facilitates social interactions, innovation, and entrepreneurship. It represents a new kind of urban development in China, integrating, connecting and preserving the existing urban fabric. Furthermore, by investigating in two case studies in Shanghai, the thesis gives policy and design suggestions on the development of CIS clusters. Keywords: Collective innovation spaces; cluster; urban development; Shanghai.
by Haijing Liu.
M.C.P.
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Accordino, John Joseph. "Quality of working life systems in municipalities : a lasting innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71066.
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Puzyrova, Polina. "The financial risks of innovative activities of integrated business structures: modern aspects of reduction and neutralization." Thesis, BoScience Publisher, Chicago, USA, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19175.
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It is determined that financial risk management in innovation is perceived as a general set of practical measures to reduce uncertainty of innovation results, increase the usefulness of innovation, minimize the cost of achieving innovation strategy for integrated business structures.
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Zhang, Sumei. "Metropolitan dynamics of accessibility, diversity, and locations of population and activities." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1202738192.
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Mochache, Jason M. H. "Urban informal sector activities in Nairobi : a study towards urban planning policy and methodology in Kenya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334182.
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Lipow, Hershel. "Enterprising community development corporations--nonprofit housing innovation in metropolitan Washington, D.C." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79957.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1990.Title as it appears in the Sept. 1990 M.I.T. Graduate List: Enterprising community development corporations--non-profit housing innovation in metropolitan Washington, D.C.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-150).
by Hershel S. Lipow.
M.S.
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Postone, Zachary E. (Zachary Edward). "Capturing environmental innovation through industrial cluster programs in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111429.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-86).
In number of formerly industrial urban centers in the Midwest, networks of private and public stakeholders are working to cultivate clusters of water-related technology innovation. Advocates of these cluster-based strategies strive to increase local and regional competitiveness by building links among relevant companies and local institutions, while also upgrading the conditions of the business environment that raise productivity and innovation. This study examines the trajectory of two water technology cluster initiatives from their initiation in the mid-to-late 2000s to the present: The Water Council, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Confluence, based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Despite the central importance of geographic concentration and infrastructure inputs to the economic rationale behind clustering, processes of spatial planning and urban development have generally received limited attention in the study of cluster programs. In these two cases, I trace how abstract visions of cluster dynamics were translated into interventions through the planning and regulatory mechanisms-and their associated politics-governing the built environment in each location. Using interviews and qualitative analysis of planning and administrative documents, I find that each cluster development program evolved in relation to the land and infrastructure assets accessible to key institutional partners. In Milwaukee, the process of identifying cluster priorities among levels of state and regional institutions produced a regionally driven initiative closely tied to redevelopment powers at the level of the City of Milwaukee. The result was that the cluster program developed toward an eco-industrial park and innovation district model that supported quality of life and attraction goals for both city and industry leaders. In Cincinnati, water innovation efforts were not translated into land redevelopment planning yet ultimately found a niche in the needs of regional utilities. The resulting strategy and set of spatial interventions evolved toward a network of test beds and sites along water bodies impacted by contamination, a geography corresponding to the assets of regional utilities and environmental resource management entities.
by Zachary E. Postone.
M.C.P.
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Benedikt, Eva Kjarvalsdottir. "Income generation activities for women in developing areas : a micro-planning model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71393.
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