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Liu, Michael W. (Michael Wen-Tseng). "Analysis of the effect of planning/design phase factors on rework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43861.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; and, (M.B.A.) -- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Over the past several years, Raytheon has experienced great growth in their revenue and sales. One of the contributing organizations to that growth has been the Space and Airborne Systems (SAS) business sector. To continue this growth, SAS has started initiatives to improve their Operations. One of these initiatives is to reduce the amount of rework performed within the manufacturing centers. By reducing rework, SAS will be able to reduce costs, meet aggressive schedules, and continue to satisfy customer's needs. This paper describes the development of two tools to reduce rework in an attempt to meet Raytheon's goals. One is a manufacturing/Earned-Value Measurement System monitoring tool. The second tool determines the factors during the design and planning phases of a project that affect rework. Developing these two tools will help increase transparency on the manufacturing shop floor and help reduce the amount of rework performed.
by Michael W. Liu.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Carlsson, Linnea. "Visual Planning in construction : a study of its use in construction projects." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96390.
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Abstract The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate of what use the method Visual Planning can be in the construction industry in general and in the design phase of construction projects in particular. The investigation and empirical part of the thesis has been based on semi-structured interviews with process developers, design managers and designers from Swedish companies where Visual Planning is used. The interviews have been the base for a comparative case study with the aim of providing an overview of how the method is currently used, interpreted, experienced and perceived in the Swedish construction industry and by its professionals. The master thesis has been made in collaboration with the Swedish consultancy firm Tyréns AB in Stockholm. The results of the interviews differ on an individual level. The majority of the respondents are however positive and believe in the future of the methods. All respondents stress the lacking documentation, however, as the major difficulty. Several respondents have stressed the difficulties of working in a scattered team due to the analogue format as a shortcoming of the method as well. The biggest benefits stated are the easy accessible overview provided and the clarification of commitments, due to the active participation of the design participants, the analogue format, and the way of mapping of the information process. It has been found that Visual Planning can be of use as a support in the process of construction project management, since it may facilitate the understanding of how to reach objectives and provide an easy accessible overview of the progress and status of a project. It should however be viewed as a complement to the process of construction project management, and not as a replacement. In conclusion it may facilitate earlier problem solving, since commitment is raised, which in the end facilitates the project to stay within budget as well as to meet the deadline.Sammanfattning Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utreda vilken nytta metoden Visuell Planering kan vara av i byggbranschen i allmänhet och projekteringsfasen av byggprojekt i synnerhet. Undersökningen har baserats på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med processutvecklare, projekteringsledare och projektörer från företag inom den svenska byggsektorn där Visuell Planering används. Intervjuerna har utgjort grunden för en jämförande fallstudie med avseendet att skapa en överblick och insyn i hur metoden i dagsläget används, tolkas och upplevs i den svenska byggbranschen och av yrkesverksamma i branschen. Examensarbetet har genomförts i samarbete med konsultföretaget Tyréns AB i Stockholm. Intervjuresultaten varierar på individnivå. Majoriteten av intervjupersonerna är dock positiva och tror på metodens framtid. Alla tillfrågade beskriver den låga mängden dokumentation som det största problemet hos metoden. Flera yrkesverksamma beskriver även metodens tillkortakommanden då arbete bedrivs i spridda team. En följd av metodens analoga format. Den genererade lättöverskådliga helhetsbilden och förtydliganden av åtagande och engagemang, som följd av projektmedlemmarnas aktiva deltagande, det analoga formatet och sättet som informationsprocessen kartläggs beskrivs som det största vinsterna. Det har framkommit att Visuell Planering kan vara av användning och fungera som ett stöd i byggprojektledning, då metoden underlättar förståelse för hur mål ska uppnås och skapar en lättuppfattad bild av ett projekts status och framåtskridande. Metoden bör dock ses som ett komplement i processen av byggprojektledning och projekteringsledning, snarare än en ersättning. Visuell Planering kan slutligen främja problemlösningen i tidigare skeden, då känslan av förpliktelse, åtagande och engagemang höjs, vilket i sin tur skapar bättre möjligheter för projektet att hålla sig inom budget så väl som att möta deadline.
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Ziegler, Jessica. "How Can the Construction Client Improve the Work Environment in the Real Estate and Construction Process? : An Investigation of the Health and Safety Aspects in the Early Phases." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297877.
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During the last decade, the Swedish work environment authority (AV) observed a stagnancy of fatal accidents in Sweden. According to statistics, the building industry in Sweden is one of the third largest industries regarding occupational injuries and the industry with the most severe recorded fatal accidents. Scientific contributions have found that efforts and focus on health and safety aspects during the planning and design phases (early phases) could reduce work environment problems in the construction and maintenance phases. The purpose of this study is to explore how the construction client can improve the health and safety aspects in the early phases to enhance the work environment in the construction and maintenance phases. Further, identify the main challenges of health and safety in the early phases to improve the work environment at the construction and maintenance phases. The study has applied qualitative methods, with 13 semi-structured interviews with senior project managers at a public construction client in Sweden. After analyzing the semi-structured interviews, the findings were discussed with an expert panel for further clarifications. This study has identified that health and safety aspects during the planning and design can improve by different measures and methods to ensure a safer work environment in the construction project. It should be a priority for the construction client to be proactive with the health and safety aspects in the early phases. Furthermore, identified the study three main challenges of health and safety aspects. These challenges of health and safety aspects have been identified as crucial to address in the early phases for succeeding in preventing occupational accidents in construction projects. The first identified challenge is the lack of the construction clients' consciousness of their profound responsibilities in the work environment. The second challenge raised is the insufficient work environment competencies of the applied BAS-P and designers in the construction project. The last identified challenge is the lack of safety communication in the construction project, as the transfer meeting between the BAS-P and BAS-U and lessons learned meetings. The portrayed main challenges seem to face both countries inside and outside the EU, as reasoned from the discussion with Åsgård et al. Furthermore, the work environment is essential for commitment, re-evaluation, and improvements in routine activity. Including the construction clients and the involved actors in the construction process to achieve a construction industry with zero accidents and fatalities.Arbetsmiljöverket (AV) har under det senaste decenniet observerat en stagnation av dödsolyckor i Sverige. Enligt statistik är byggbranschen i Sverige en av de tredje största branscherna när det gäller arbetsskador och den bransch som har flest registrerade dödsolyckor. Vetenskapliga studier har visat att prioriteringar och fokus på hälsa och säkerhet under planerings- och projekterings skeden (tidiga skeden) kan bidra till att undvika arbetsmiljöproblem på byggarbetsplatsen i produktions skede, liksom i underhållsskedet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur byggherren kan förbättra hälso- och säkerhetsaspekterna i de tidiga skedena för att förstärka arbetsmiljön i produktions- och underhållsskedena. Även att identifiera de viktigaste utmaningarna för hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter i de tidiga faserna för att förbättra arbetsmiljön i produktions- och underhållsskedena. Studien har tillämpat kvalitativa metoder, där semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 13 projektledare hos en offentlig byggherre i Sverige. Efter att ha analyserat resultaten från de semi-strukturerade intervjuerna diskuterades analysen med en expertpanel. Resultatet i denna studie har identifierat att hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter under planering och projektering skedena kan förbättras med olika åtgärder och metoder för att säkerställa en säkrare arbetsmiljö i byggprojektet. Vad man finner är att det bör vara en prioritet för byggkunden att vara proaktiv med hälso- och säkerhetsaspekterna i de tidiga faserna. Tre huvudutmaningar för hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter har dessutom identifierats i resultatet. Dessa utmaningar för hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter ses som avgörande att hantera i de tidiga faserna för att lyckas med förebyggandet av arbetsolyckor i byggprojekt. Den första identifierade utmaningen är bristen på byggherrarnas medvetenhet om deras ansvar i arbetsmiljön. Den andra utmaningen som tas upp är den otillräckliga arbetsmiljökompetensen hos den tillämpade BAS-P och projektörerna i byggprojektet. Den sista identifierade utmaningen är bristen på säkerhetskommunikation i byggprojektet, som överföringsmöte mellan BAS-P och BAS-U och erfarenhetsåterföringsmöten. De viktigaste utmaningarna som presenteras i denna studie för förbättra hälso- och säkerhetsaspekterna i dem tidiga skedena verkar vara utmaningar som finns både i länderna inom och utanför EU, vilket togs upp i diskussionen med Åsgård et al. Dessutom dras slutsatsen att arbetsmiljön är ett viktigt ämne där engagemang, omvärdering och förbättringar bör vara en återkommande aktivitet. För både byggherren och de involverade aktörerna i hela byggprocessen för att uppnå en byggbransch med noll olyckor och dödsfall.
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Lima, Clarissa Sucupira Andrade. "The use of formal methods for decision making in the planning phase of healthcare facilities." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04042007-211547/.
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Mer'eb, Muhammad Musa. "Greenometer-7 a tool to assess the sustainability of a building's life cylce at the conceptual design phase /." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1209184917.
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Thesis (D.Eng.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-343). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in in print.
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Liu, Yang. "A flexible distributed design assistance tool in early design phases." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21438.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The globalisation is increasing the complexity of product development in terms of product variants and the range of technologies implemented. It emphasises the requirement for developing various design information support systems for the world market. However, small and medium enterprises that employ a wide range of design procedures may not be able to afford customised information support systems, with the result that there is a need for flexible, i.e. easily adaptable, design support tools. Four case studies were carried out to investigate the requirements for an information support system aimed at the design process and design documents. They indicated that a design information support system aimed at supporting design teams in the pre-detail mechanical design phases should be able to adapt various design methods and handle design information in a flexible way. Flexible here means being applicable over a wide range of contexts and extendable without affecting data already captured. Ontology based approaches are widely applied where diverse information has to be handled. The development of the Internet today also makes a distributed design approach more and more popular for mechanical design. An internet-based design support system called DiDeas II (Distributed Design assistant) was developed here with an ontologybased approach implemented to provide distributed and flexible assistance during concept generation in small companies. The DiDeas II has separate server side and client side programs, which communicate through a TCP/IP connection. DiDeas II allows design teams to manage their design information according to various design methods, to decrease time-delays and to improve communication between team members. These benefits were confirmed in two case studies carried out to evaluate DiDeas II. Keywords: Distributed design; ontology; concept design, web-based system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Globalisering verhoog die kompleksiteit van produkontwikkeling, in terme van produk variante en die bereik van tegnologieë wat geïmplementeer word. Dit beklemtoon die behoefte om verskeie ontwerp-inligting-ondersteuningstelsels vir die wêreldmark te ontwikkel. Klein en medium ondernemings wat 'n wye spektrum ontwerpsprosedures gebruik, kan egter nie doelgemaakte inligting-ondersteuningstelsels bekostig nie, met die gevolg dat daar 'n behoefte vir maklik-aanpasbare ontwerp ondersteuningstelsels is. Vier gevallestudies is uitgevoer om die vereistes vir 'n inligting-ondersteuningstelsel gemik op die ontwerpproses en ontwerp dokumente, te ondersoek. Dit het aangetoon dat 'n ontwerp-inligting-ondersteuningstelsel, wat ontwerpspanne in die voor-detail meganiese ontwerp fases moet ondersteun, by verskeie ontwerpmetodes moet kan aanpas en ontwerpsinligting op 'n aanpasbare manier kan hanteer. Aanpasbaarheid in hierdie konteks beteken toepaslik oor 'n wye spektrum kontekste en uitbreibaar sonder om data wat alreeds ingevoer is, te beïnvloed. Ontologie-gebaseerde benaderings word wyd toegepas waar diverse inligting hanteer moet word. Die ontwikkeling van die Internet maak 'n verspreide-ontwerpbenadering meer en meer gewild vir meganiese ontwerp. 'n Internet-gebaseerde ontwerpondersteuningstelstel genaamd DiDeas II (Distributed Design assistant) is hier ontwikkel met 'n ontologie-gebaseerde benadering wat daarop gemik is om verspreide, aanpasbare hulp te verleen aan klein maatskappye gedurende konsep- ontwikkeling. Die DiDeas II stelsel het afsonderlike bediener en kliënt programme wat deur 'n TCP/IP verbinding kommunikeer. DiDeas II laat ontwerpspanne toe om hulle ontwerp inligting volgens verskeie ontwerpmetodes te bestuur, tydvertragings te verminder en om kommunikasie tussen spanlede te verbeter. Hierdie voordele is bevestig in twee gevallestudies wat uitgevoer is om DiDeas II te evalueer. Sleutelwoorde: Verspreide ontwerp; ontologie; konsepontwerp; web-gebaseerde stelsel.
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Albarello, Nicolas. "Model-based trade studies in systems architectures design phases." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECAP0052/document.
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La conception d'architectures de systèmes est une tâche complexe qui implique des enjeux majeurs. Au cours de cette activité, les concepteurs du système doivent créer des alternatives de conception et doivent les comparer entre elles afin de sélectionner l'architecture la plus appropriée suivant un ensemble de critères. Dans le but d'étudier différentes alternatives, les concepteurs doivent généralement limiter leur étude comparative à une petite partie de l'espace de conception qui peut être composé d'un nombre immense de solutions. Traditionnellement, le processus de conception d'architecture est principalement dirigé par le jugement et l'expérience des concepteurs, et les alternatives sélectionnées sont des versions adaptées de solutions connues. Le risque est donc de sélectionner une solution pertinente mais sous-optimale. Pour gagner en confiance sur l'optimalité de la solution retenue, la couverture de l'espace de conception doit être augmentée. L'utilisation de méthodes de synthèse calculatoire d'architecture a prouvé qu'elle était un moyen efficace pour supporter les concepteurs dans la conception d'artefacts d'ingénierie (structures, circuits électriques...). Pour assister les concepteurs de systèmes durant le processus de conception d'architecture, une méthode calculatoire pour les systèmes complexes est définie. Cette méthode emploie une approche évolutionnaire (algorithmes génétiques) pour guider le processus d'exploration de l'espace de conception vers les zones optimales. La population initiale de l'algorithme génétique est créée grâce à une technique de synthèse calculatoire d'architecture qui permet de créer différentes architectures physiques et tables d'allocations pour une architecture fonctionnelle donnée. La méthode permet d'obtenir les solutions optimales du problème de conception posé. Ces solutions peuvent être ensuite utilisées par les concepteurs pour des études comparatives plus détaillées ou pour des négociations avec les fournisseurs de systèmesThe design of system architectures is a complex task which involves major stakes. During this activity, system designers must create design alternatives and compare them in order to select the most relevant system architecture given a set of criteria. In order to investigate different alternatives, designers must generally limit their trade studies to a small portion of the design-space which can be composed of a huge amount of solutions. Traditionally, the architecture design process is mainly driven by engineering judgment and designers' experiences and the selected alternatives are often adapted versions of known solutions. The risk is then to select a pertinent but yet under optimal solution. In order to increase the confidence in the optimality of the selected solution, the coverage of the design-space must be increased. The use of computational design synthesis methods proved to be an efficient way to support designers in the design of engineering artifacts (structures, electrical circuits...). In order to assist system designers during the architecture design process, a computational method for complex systems is defined. This method uses an evolutionary approach (genetic algorithms) to guide the design-space exploration process toward optimal zones. The initial population of the genetic algorithm is created thanks to a computational design synthesis technique which permits to create different physical architectures and allocation mappings for a given functional architecture. The method permits to obtain the optimal solutions of the stated design problem. These solutions can be then used by designers for more detailed trade studies or for technical negotiations with system suppliers
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Barrios, Ana Patricia, and Jonathan Vargas. "Event planning & design." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145920.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓNAna Patricia Barrios [Parte I], Jonathan Vargas [Parte II]
La celebración de un evento implica organización y el manejo de un gran número de detalles, que debido a la falta de tiempo, no es posible organizarlo por cuenta propia. Realizarlo con la asesoría de personal capacitado produce comodidad y tranquilidad, no representando un estrés en las ajetreadas vidas de los anfitriones. En Panamá tanto por factores culturales como religiosos, se celebran acontecimientos como bautizos, primeras comuniones, matrimonios y quince años. A su vez, por la posición geográfica y presencia de multinacionales, se llevan a cabo convenciones y congresos, representando un claro atractivo para la industria de organización de eventos, la cual crece en los últimos años, realizándose a la semana en promedio hasta 15 eventos por hotel, entre sociales y corporativos. Event Planning & Design surge ante este auge y el interés de los panameños de celebrar eventos importantes y de magnitud asesorados por personal experto, debido a la satisfacción que genera a nivel familiar, social y profesional. El servicio está dirigido a la organización de eventos sociales como bodas y quince años, apuntando a un mercado compuesto por hombres y mujeres entre 35 y 65 años, de clase media-alta y alta, que residan en áreas urbanas de la Ciudad de Panamá; y en el caso de eventos corporativos, convenciones, congresos, fiestas de navidad, entre otros, a la mediana y gran empresa ubicadas en la Ciudad de Panamá, por lo que se estima un tamaño de mercado de $78,098.628.83 Se comprobó que hay un alto nivel de insatisfacción en cuanto al servicio en la actual oferta, por ende nuestra propuesta se enfocará en la calidad del servicio, a través de una atención integral, exclusividad el día del evento, valores agregados a través de alianzas, así como una variada plataforma de proveedores.
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James, Antoni Michael. "Utopian design and planning." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28671.
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The purpose of this thesis is to provide a current overview of the subject of Utopian design in order to reaffirm its value as a component of planning methodology. From the relevant literature there is a wealth of comment on the need for such a paradigm expansion as well as a vast body of visions for alternate futures. Primarily a tool of physical planners, the Utopian process can be adapted to the broader context if appropriate methodology can be developed and integrated into the mainstream.
The first chapter sets the context. It provides an overview of changing planning paradigms from the turn of the century and discusses areas of inadequacy in the current approach. The second chapter focuses on the subject of Utopian design, its approach, and fundamental elements as a preliminary foundation for methodological development. The third and fourth chapters examine a series of early and recent Utopian designs respectively. Early Utopian designs are described and analysed as to their impact on succeeding planning thought, thereby establishing credibility; recent Utopian designs are studied to speculate on the kinds of issues and options which planners may be involved in for the future.
The fifth chapter is a speculative exercise which synthesizes ideas from the vast menu of the Utopian oeuvre into two diametrically opposed scenarios for Canada in the 21st Century. The intention is to illustrate the potential of Utopian designs in modeling alternatives for discussion and decision-making.
In the final chapter, the thesis concludes by turning the discussion to other, non-physical aspects of planning where a Utopian element can be effective. It is hoped that further research into this subject can result in a broadening and balancing of the current planning paradigm and thus advance the role and responsibility of planners in better anticipating the future and in more creatively providing improved options for consideration.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Klaasen, I. T. "Knowledge-based design developing urban & regional design into a science /." Delft : Delft University Press, 2004. http://www.ebrary.com/.
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Klaasen, Ina T. "Knowledge-based design : developing urban & regional design into a science /." Delft : Delft University Press, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0607/2005377632.html.
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Hu, Lingyue. "Design Research Planning and Execution:A comparison between undergraduate design students’ and design research practitioners’ processes of design research planning and execution." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408659542.
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Carstens, L. (Lizette). "Exploring participatory action research during the initial phases of the design process." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41570.
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Ren, Juan. "High-Performance Building Design and Decision-Making Support for Architects in the Early Design Phases." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133995.
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Based on the design decision making process from an architect’s point of view, a related literature review, theoretical analyses, and inductive inferences, this thesis proposes a new interpretation of high-performance building (HPB), translates/maps criteria issues related to building environmental assessment (BEA) tools for key design decision making elements, and identifies sources of inspiration for HPB designs. This thesis intends to propose an integrated conceptual model for the design of HPBs to provide direct knowledge-based decision making support to architects in the early design phase. Studies on key design decision making elements, sources of inspiration, and building information modeling are integrated into this genesis of conceptual design. The concept of the HPB proposed in this thesis emphasizes comprehensive sustainable building performance in environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects. The concept takes the view that HPBs should be aesthetically attractive, socio-culturally adapted, safe, healthy, and comfortable, and should operate at a high level of environmental, resource, and economic efficiency throughout their life cycle. This thesis discusses the topics of the necessity, benefits, and design principles of HPBs. An analysis of the characteristics of BEA tools and HPB design decision making revealed their relationship: the consequence of goals and the mismatch of practices. BEA tools provide the basic information (such as framework, content, evaluation methods, and processes) related to decision making to promote a holistic HPB design at a practical level. However, given the mismatch of practices between BEA tools and HPB design decision making, most such tools are still used for testing and verifying the design results and do not consider the design decision making process. Existing BEA tools primarily guide or indirectly affect the design work but, in practice, play a limited role in directly helping architects make early decisions regarding HPB design. First, for a detailed comparison, this thesis identified the common criteria issues for the three existing BEA tools: SBTool 2012 (maximum version), LEED NC-v3, and the Chinese Evaluation Standard for Green Building (ESGB). A total of 51 common/similar criteria issues were identified and such issues were found to be primarily allocated in the energy and resources, indoor environmental quality, environmental loads, and site areas. SBTool 2012 contains the widest range and most comprehensive criteria issues of building performance, whereas the LEED NC-v3 and ESGB frameworks poorly cover social- and economic-related issues. Second, this thesis separated the criteria into whether they relate to decision making factors or building performance factors. Third, this thesis mapped HPB criteria issues into HPB design decision making elements. This thesis establishes a framework for key design decision elements for Chinese residential buildings by selecting a residential building type in China as a case study for the mapping approach application. The optimum criteria issues for Chinese residential buildings contain 10 primary criteria issues and 35 sub-criteria issues that cover aspects within the entire sustainable performance range and that correspond to key design decision making elements in this framework. This thesis also proposes two fundamental support approaches to creative design for HPBs: rational technical support and irrational divergent inspirational support. Based on practical design examples, three major types of irrational sources of inspiration in an architect’s design for HPBs have been identified: previous empirics, nature objects and phenomena, and advanced science and technologies. Finally, a new integrated conceptual model to support an architect’s early design decisions is established based on the BIM platform. The model contains two main aspects of the work: an initial building information model and an optimal building information model for HPBs during the early design stage. This conceptual model is presented as a generic approach that can be customized for different designers and project conditions. The model can also be used as a framework for providing knowledge-based creative support for decision making related to HPB design. In summary, this thesis intends to provide both a theoretical base and feasible measures for better HPB design and references for developing design decision making support tools for architects to use during the early HPB design process.QC 20131115
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Wang, Jing. "Modeling, design and optimization of computer-generated holograms with binary phases." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35276.
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L’hologramme généré par ordinateur (HGO) a été démontré à jouer un rôle important depuis son invention par Lohmann dans les années 1960 dans de nombreuses applications telles que l’ingénierie du front d'onde, l’éclairage structuré et l’affichage optique, etc. Dans le travail de thèse ci-présent, la modélisation, la conception et l’optimisation d’HGO avec des phases binaires sont étudiées. Nous avons examiné un système pratique de projection d’image avec certaines spécifications de travail, par exemple, une distance de travail de 40 cm, une profondeur de champ de 10 cm et un angle de diffraction de 53 degré pour une longueur d’onde de travail de 632 nm, et ensuite conçu et optimisé un hologramme de phase binaire en passant par une recherche directe binaire pour ce système d’image. L’hologramme a été fabriqué par la lithographie à faisceau d’électrons. Pour atteindre l’angle de diffraction requis, nous avons discuté de l’architecture optique dans le système de projection d’image holographique. L’HGO conçu et le système de projection d’image holographique ont été validés expérimentalement par reconstruction optique. Étant donné que les pixels finiront par se regrouper pour former des ouvertures polygonales en hologramme, qui peut être vu clairement dans le processus de recherche directe binaire, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour la conception directe des ouvertures polygonales basée sur la disposition triangulaire en HGO de grande taille en pixels. La diffraction de l’ouverture a été calculée par la transformation analytique d’Abbe. L’image reconstruite peut être exprimée comme une addition cohérente de motifs de diffraction à partir de tous les bords droits d’orientations et de longueurs différentes. Une optimisation en deux étapes comprenant l’algorithme génétique avec la recherche locale de codage des phases binaires des ouvertures, suivie par la recherche directe de co-sommets flottants des ouvertures triangulaires élémentaires a été développée. Nous avons en outre proposé une disposition d’ouverture quadrilatérale, qui fournit plus de degrés de liberté et peut former des ouvertures polygonales plus diverses en hologrammes. L’algorithme génétique parallèle avec la recherche locale a été adopté dans une première étape pour assigner des phases binaires, et la recherche directe a ensuite été utilisée pour optimiser des emplacements de co-sommets d'ouvertures quadrilatérales lors de la deuxième étape. Trois schémas différents pour l'algorithme en deux étapes ont été discutés pour fournir des moyens flexibles afin d’équilibrer la performance de l’optimisation et la durée nécessaire.The computer-generated hologram (CGH) has been demonstrated to play an important role, since its invention by Lohmann in 1960s, in many applications such as wavefront engineering, structured illumination and optical display, etc. In this thesis, the modeling, design and optimization of CGH with binary phases are studied. We considered a practical projection image system with certain working specification, e.g. working distance of 40 cm, depth of field of 10 cm and a diffraction angle of 53 degree for 632 nm working wavelength, and then designed and optimized a binary-phase hologram by direct binary search for this image system. The hologram was fabricated by E-beam lithography. To achieve the required diffraction angle, we discussed the optical architecture in holographic projection image system. The designed CGH and holographic projection image system were validated experimentally by optical reconstruction. Since the pixels will eventually cluster to form polygonal apertures in hologram, which can be seen clearly during the process of direct binary search, we proposed a new approach to directly design polygonal apertures based on triangular layout in CGH of a large number of pixels. The diffraction of aperture was calculated by analytical Abbe transform. The reconstructed image can be expressed as a coherent addition of diffraction patterns from all the straight edges of different orientations and lengths. A two-step optimization including genetic algorithm with local search for encoding binary phases of apertures, followed by direct search for floating covertices of the elementary triangular apertures was developed. We further proposed a quadrilateral aperture layout, which provides more degrees of freedom and can form more diverse polygonal apertures in holograms. The parallel genetic algorithm with local search was adopted to assign binary phases in the first step, and direct search was then used to optimize of locations of covertices of quadrilateral apertures in the second step. Three different schemes for the two-step algorithm were discussed to provide flexible ways to balance the optimization performance and time cost.
Résumé en espagnol
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Niemand, Ponthus, and Aya Saladdin. "Management of ergonomic aspects in early design phases using virtual reality : Mapping of ergonomic aspects in early design phases, How would mordern technology like VR be used?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37050.
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Volvo Group är ett av världens ledande tillverkare av bland annat lastbilar, bussar, entreprenadmaskiner och motorer för marina och industriella applikationer. Volvo Group äger totalt 10 olika märken, dessa är: Volvo Trucks, UD Trucks, Renault Trucks, Mack Trucks, Group Trucks Asia & JVs, Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo Bus, Volvo Penta, Volvo Financial Services och Governmental Sales. Initiativet till projektet togs av Metod och Processutvecklings avdelningen på Volvo Group Trucks Operations (GTO), som är den delen av Volvo Group som utför själva sammansättningen av lastbilar. Volvo GTO finns i flertal olika länder världen över vilket leder till att arbetsprocesserna kan skilja mellan länderna. För att kunna standardisera ett arbetssätt där konstruktören (komponent ägaren) tillsammans med geometri arkitekten kan göra en första ergonomisk analys på den berörda komponenten. För att detta ska vara möjligt så tog projektet fram en handbok på hur man som komponentägare skall gå tillväga för att få en så bra och korrekt analys som möjligt. I denna kandidatarbete tas det upp förslag på hur VR hade kunnat hjälpa till ett utvärderingsverktyg redan i konstruktionsstadiet när en ny produkt/komponent ska tas fram eller om det ska göras förbättringar på en befintlig komponent. Kandidatarbetet har valt att fokusera mest på hur konstruktören och geometri arkitekten ska kunna utvärdera de ergonomiska aspekterna med VR som hjälp. Projektet har undersökt två user case varav ett av dem presenteras i denna rapport. Detta gäller monteringen av värmeskydd. Anledningen till att just denna montering valdes är på grund av dess dåliga ergonomi och åtkomlighet. Projektet valde att göra både en RULA-analys och PLIBEL-analys. RULA-analysen gav hög totalpoäng, 7 av 7 medan PLIBEL endast är en analys på arbetsplatsen vilket gav ett bra underlag för fortsatt arbete. Studien visade att VR är ett väldigt bra hjälpmedel vid analys av ergonomiska aspekter i tidig design fas. Det ger relevanta resultat och har potential för besparingar i resurser och kostnader inom utvecklingsprocessen. För att förbättra kandidatarbetes resultat har det gjorts besök på ESI-Group som har gått in med stöttning i form av VR utrustning och workshop. Detta gav projektmedlemmarna en inblick på möjligheterna man har med VR.Volvo Group is one of the Worlds leading manufacturer in the categories trucks, busses, construction equipment and engines for the marine and industrial applications. Volvo Group consist of many different brands 10 in total, these are: Volvo Trucks, UD Trucks, Renault Trucks, Mack Trucks, Group Trucks Asia & JVs, Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo Bus, Volvo Penta, Volvo Financial Services and Governmental Sales. The initiative for the project came from Method and Process Development within Volvo Trucks Tuve Plant, department at Volvo Group Trucks Operations (GTO), which is the part of Volvo Group performing the actual production of the trucks. Volvo GTO is located worldwide in several different countries, which leads to different work processes. To standardize a method where the designer (component owner) together with the geometry architect can make a first ergonomics analysis of the concerned component. To make this possible, the project presented a manual on how the component owner should proceed to obtain as good and correct analysis of ergonomics as possible. This bachelor thesis makes suggestions for how VR would be helpful in the design phase as an evaluation tool during development of a new product/component or whether improvements should be made to an existing component. The thesis has focused mostly on how the designer and geometry architect can evaluate the ergonomics aspects with VR as a help, already in the design phase. The project has investigated two user cases. One of them is presented in this report. This applies to the installation of heat shield, the reason that this particular assembly was chosen is due to its poor ergonomics and accessibility. The project chose to do a RULA-analysis and PLIBEL-analysis. The RULA analysis gave a high total score, 7 out of 7, while PLIBEL was an analysis at the workplace. Both proved to be a good basis for continued work. The study shows that VR is a great tool for analysis of the ergonomics aspects in early design phase. It gives relevant results and has the potential for savings in resources and cost in product development process. To improve the results of the thesis, there have been visits on ESI-Group which has sponsored the thesis in the form of VR equipment and workshop. This gave the project members an insight into the possibilities of VR.
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Prochaska, Roy J. "Design planner [copyright] : an interactive guide for design planning /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11612.
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Jia, Cheng. "A Delay-Locked Loop for Multiple Clock Phases/Delays Generation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7470.
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A Delay-Locked Loop (DLL) for the generation of multiple clock phases/delays is proposed. Several new techniques are used to help enhance the DLLs performance, specifically, to achieve wide lock range, short locking time, and reduced jitter. The DLL can be used for a variety of applications which require precise time intervals or phase shifts. The phase detector (PD), charge pump (CP), and voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) are the three most important blocks in a DLL. In our research, we have proposed a novel structure which integrates the functionality of both the PD and CP. By using this structure, a fast switching speed can be achieved. Moreover, the combined PD and CP also lead to reduced chip area and better jitter performance. A novel phase detection algorithm is developed and implemented in the combined PD and CP structure. This algorithm also involves a start-control circuit to avoid locking failure or false lock to harmonics. With the help of this algorithm, the proposed DLL is able to achieve lock as long as the minimum VCDL delay is less than one reference clock cycle, which is the largest possible lock range that can be achieved by the DLL. The VCDL uses fully differential signaling to minimize jitter. The delay stage of the VCDL is built with a differential topology using symmetrical loads and replica-feedback biasing, which provides a low sensitivity to supply and substrate noise as well as a wide tuning range. In addition, a shift-averaging technique is used to improve the matching between delay stages and thus to equalize the delay of each individual stage.
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Lagerstedt, Jessica. "Functional and environmental factors in early phases of product development - Eco functional matrix." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Machine Design, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3465.
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Interest in environmental issues has increased enormouslyover the last few decades and environmental problems areperceived to be on the increase. Due to the fact that thenumber of products on the market increases enormously, it isevident that we face a great challenge to overcome the problemconcerning our consumer society. An increasing barrage oflegislation accompanied by the publics awareness of, andconcern for, the environment forcing the industry to respond.Products and their environmental impact have moved to thecentre stage and it is widely believed that designers have akey role in adapting products to a sustainable society. Threekey issues are identified in this development scenario: (a) theimportance of adapting products to a more sustainable society,(b) the specific situation facing the designer, especially inearly design phases, and (c) balancing environmental impactswith functional preferences.
Research in this thesis presents a theoretical framework fordescribing environmental issues and the role of the designer inproduct development, as well as functional characteristics ofproducts in the early phases of design. Based on anengineering-design science foundation, theoretical models andconcepts have been developed describing how both functional andenvironmental preferences can be visualised in design forenvironment and product development. Case studies andinterviews have been performed and integrated into a coherenttheoretical model for identifying and evaluating functional andenvironmental preferences within ecodesign approach andreasoning.
The overall concept proposed in this thesis is called theeco functional matrix, based on two parts: functional profileand environmental profile. The functional profile represent thefunctional characteristics and environmental profile theenvironmental characteristics respectively of a product in theearly phases of design. One of the objectives behind theconcept is to highlight the importance of balancing functionalrequirements and environmental impacts, presenting both theadvantages and disadvantages of the product. The basic idea isto account for user and societal preferences as well asenvironmental impact when assessing alternative productconcepts at early design stages. Balancing both the functionalrequirements and the negative environmental impacts of productsis the road to sustainable development.
KEYWORDSDesign for environment, life-cycle design,eco-design, eco-design methods, product environmentalcharacteristics, product functional characteristics, customerbenefit, value analysis, functional profile, environmentalprofile, eco functional matrix, product properties.
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Allen, Christopher James. "Improving construction planning through 4D planning." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/467.
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Construction Planning will increasingly play a more critical role within the realm of the Built Environment. Existing practices used to plan and communicate the construction process to be undertaken are failing to deliver the desired results for construction companies and clients alike. At a time of unprecedented growth in the industry around the world, which is leading to a general skills shortage, especially in management positions, construction planners are increasingly being asked to deal with more responsibility. As with other industries, technological improvement in the tools at their disposal is one way to address the inadequacies of the present situation. Increasingly, three dimensional design packages are being used to generate construction information which can then be used for quantities calculations, automated manufacturing processes and construction simulation. The latter forms the basis for their use in the process of planning, through new technologies being developed as virtual construction tools or 4D planning, the addition of time to the 3D model environment, but using the elements within the model as the basis for the construction programme. The benefit of using the design information to form the basis of the programme is that the interface tasks and logistical activities, as well as location related constraints, can be identified and then communicated to all levels within the construction team through a time based visual image. The purpose of this study is therefore to establish a scientifically analysed alternative method for the creation, review and delivery of construction programmes. In order to achieve the research objectives, three methodologies have been employed. Firstly, the literature review in the fields of planning including existing methodologies and previous research of 4D related techniques has been analysed. An overview of the perceived weaknesses to current practises and proposed solution will be explored and best case scenarios outlined and further investigated. Secondly, the 51 Lime Street project provides an environment in which the proposed 4D planning techniques have been implemented and the benefits of the process can, through observation / participation methodology, be validated. Thirdly, through interview questionnaires, with Lime St contractors and management, and e-mail questionnaires to a broader sample stratum, data on the ability of the tools, the techniques employed on 51 Lime Street and similar projects have been collated and statistically analysed to validate the reliability and relevance for future implementation. The result of the research will provide management teams with a practical alternative to existing planning methodologies. Construction planners will have alternative technique that can further enhance their role within the project team whilst increasing their ability to communicate the team’s vision to a wider audience, making them and the project more efficient and effective in the process. It has been proposed that clients insist on the use of 3D from the commencement of the design process so that this information can be passed downstream through the construction process and onto facilities management. Planners need to be able to communicate their requirements better and the 4D planning models provide both a more inclusive way of planning alongside a better communications medium in the form of moving images. A picture tells a thousand words.
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Fendl, Monika, and Heinzpeter Schmieg. "Planning and Design Methods in Architecture." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-996672196000-10732.
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Onur, Ahmet Hakan. "Optimal open pit design and planning." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305650.
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Jeppsson, Johanna, and Jessica Sjöberg. "Establishing a cost model when estimating product cost in early design phases." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15074.
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About 75% of the total product cost is determined in the early design phase, which means that the possibilities to affect costs are relatively small when the design phase is completed. For companies, it is therefore vital to conduct reliable cost estimates in the early design phase, when selecting between different design choices. When conducting a cost estimate there are many uncertainties. The aim with this study is therefore to explore how uncertainties regarding product cost can be considered when estimating product cost and how expert’s knowledge can be integrated within cost estimation. A case study has been conducted within the aerospace industry at the company GKN Aerospace Sweden (GAS) in Trollhättan, from which a model to estimate product cost has been developed. The model is developed for space turbines, but can with modifications be used for other products. Space turbines are highly advanced products, produced in small batches with complex manufacturing processes and high costs. Because of the heavy capital investment, long lead times and high risks, cost estimates become very important, which made GAS suitable for the case study. The new cost estimation model (NCEM) developed is a combination between intuitive, analogical and analytical cost estimation techniques. Product cost at GAS is built up by the following cost elements; raw material, purchased parts, material surcharge, manufacturing cost, manufacturing surcharge, outsourced operations, method support, delivery cost, warranty and scrap, which are studied more in depth. The material cost is estimated based on historical data and a list of previous purchased alloys is created. The manufacturing cost is determined more in detail where the cost for each operation is estimated, based on operation time, amount of removed material or welding speed. The method support cost is estimated based on a study of an internal prognosis where the amount of time from each discipline needed to support the product is determined. Included in the NCEM is also a risk assessment. The main insights from this study is that transparency is vital when estimating product cost. It is important to state what assumptions that have been made. Breaking down the product cost into smaller units and create awareness about the cost drivers will identify risks and reduce uncertainness. Experts possess a great deal of knowledge about cost drivers and should be integrated when estimating product cost.
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Charlebois, James Thomas. "Planning and design, the essential relationship; the role and purpose of physical design in the planning profession." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/MQ48259.pdf.
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Richman, Aaron. "Patterns Within Nine Preattack Phases That Emerged in Israel Suicide Bombing Cases." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4555.
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From 2000 to 2013, Israel had the second highest number of deaths from suicide attacks and was on the list of countries that may experience increases in terrorism due to ongoing conflicts. Suicide bombings present highly complex situations for counterterrorism and counterinsurgency professionals. Using Freeman, Tucker, and Merton's framework of 9 preattack phases as the primary theoretical constuct, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore specific patterns that consistently emerged in the adversary planning process for 6 successful or failed suicide bombing cases in Israel. Secondary, archival data were acquired through a data use agreement with a private security organization in Israel and a maximum variation sampling procedure was used to identify cases. These data were subjected to Straus and Corbin's open and axial coding procedures. Coded data were analyzed using Merriam's cross case analysis procedure. Findings indicated that although the nine preattack phases emerged in both the successful and unsuccessful attacks, they were more consistently present in the successful bombing cases. For the successful attacks, general planning, financing, and operational preparation received the most occurrences. The implications for positive social change are directed at counterterrorist decision makers and operators as focusing on the early planning phases of a terrorist attack will help them to better identify essential opportunities to prevent suicide attacks from occurring.
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Wu, Yucheng. "The role of urban design in urban development : Taiwan's urban design in comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366776.
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Elliott-Ortega, Kara. "Urban design as problem solving : design thinking in the rebuild by design resiliency competition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98931.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 124-129).
Following Hurricane Sandy in 2012, federal, state, and local governments initiated a series of disaster relief and recovery programs. These efforts were criticized for their lack of coordination, and fueled the public opinion that not only were coastal cities increasingly at risk for storm events due to climate change, but also that the government is not equipped to adequately respond to or prevent future disasters. The Rebuild by Design urban design competition was the first implemented recommendation of the cabinet-level Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force, and the main goal for the competition was the procurement of innovative resiliency projects for the areas affected by Hurricane Sandy. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the competition is an unprecedented use of urban design by the federal government, leading to the question of why HUD would turn to an urban design process in the midst of other recovery efforts. Through interviews with designers from the winning design teams, this thesis finds that design thinking, under-examined by the participants, management, and evaluations of the competition, is the underlying theory that explains the benefits of an urban design process in the context of responding to climate change. Design thinking theorizes design as an alternative decision making process that can address complex problems for which there is no correct solution. This leads to the use of design as a method of creative problem solving as well as a catalyst for organizational change. This thesis finds that the competition design teams practice characteristics of design thinking. The resulting design ideas synthesize across regional, social, and economic systems, and offer an improved approach to the current infrastructure practices of flood protection and water mitigation. At the same time, the ability of the design process to fulfill the organizational goals of the competition, such as capacity building for local governments, remains mixed. Finally, this thesis generates recommendations for future iterations of Rebuild by Design as well as cautionary lessons for designers in light of the politics of relying on design as a form of innovation.
by Kara Elliott-Ortega.
M.C.P.
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Guerra, Andrea Luigi. "Multi-users computer tools in early design phases : assessing their effect on design teams performances during co-located design-thinking activities." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2296/document.
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Les phases préliminaires du processus de conception sont celles qui influencent le plus le résultat. Elles sont caractérisées par l’incertitude : le processus ne peut être précisément défini à l’avance. L’approche Design Thinking est particulièrement adaptée pour gérer cette spécificité. L’introduction de supports numérique pendant ces phases de conception préliminaire a été identifiée comme une piste de recherche à fort potentiel. L’analyse de ces phases amont a permis de définir des postulats à partir desquels construire ces nouveaux supports numériques. Ces dispositifs sont constitués de deux surfaces tactiles, multi-utilisateurs ; une orientée horizontalement pour favoriser le foisonnement, l’autre orientée verticalement pour favoriser la focalisation. Par conséquence, ces plateformes ont été identifiées avec l’acronyme HOVER (HORizontale VERticale). La méthodologie de recherche comporte deux phases. Lors de la première phase, des expérimentations ont permis de comparer les dispositifs numériques avec les dispositifs actuels. Cette phase avait pour objectif de déterminer si les dispositifs numériques étaient acceptables dans la situation d’usage préconisée. Lors de la deuxième phase, les dispositifs numériques ont été testés dans des situations de travail réelles, afin de déterminer s’ils améliorent ces situations de travail. Ces expérimentations, ont été faites sur une spécifique plateforme HOVER, dénommés plateforme TATIN-PIC (Table Tactile Interactive –Plateforme Intelligente de Conception), construite à l’Université de Technologie de Compiègne. Les quatre expérimentations de la première phase ont révélées un niveau d’acceptabilité satisfaisant. En outre, cette phase permis d’identifier plusieurs pistes d’amélioration notamment au niveau des interactions homme-machines. La prise en compte des données collectées lors de cette phase a conduit à la conception d’une nouvelle version des dispositifs numériques. Cette nouvelle version, dénommée plateforme Digital Project Space (DPS), a été utilisée pour tester le dispositif dans des situations d’utilisation réelles. Les résultats de ces tests préliminaires montrent que les utilisateurs sont satisfaits des améliorations apportées par la plateforme DPS, et que ses performances, sont au pire, comparable aux meilleures prestations des supports papier actuellement disponibles. Des tests complémentaires sont néanmoins nécessaires pour avoir des résultats généralisables. Les perspectives sont de continuer la dissémination des dispositifs DPS dans la sphère productive afin d’obtenir des données quantitatives sur l’efficacité et l’efficience. L’objectif étant d’identifier des modèles prescriptifs de l’impact des dispositifs sur le processus de conception préliminaireThe early preliminary phases of the design process are the most impactful on the final outcomes. However, they are ill defined, the path to follow is not clear. Design-thinking approaches are a good solution to tackle the incertitude of these phases. The introduction of computer tools during these phases has been identified as an interesting research path to explore. Through the analysis of these early preliminary design phases, a list of high-level assumptions has been made. These high-level assumptions delimited the perimeter of action for the design of a new kind of computer supported design platforms. These platforms are composed of two multi-touch, multi-users surfaces; one is horizontal to favor divergent thinking, while the other is vertical to favor convergent thinking. By this fact, I identified them with then name “HOVER” (HORizontal - VERtical) platforms. The preconized research methodology has two steps. The first step consists in the experimental comparison of the new tool with existing ones. The aim of this evaluation is to determine if HOVER platforms are applicable to the situation for which they have been designed. The second step consists in ethnographic observations of real case studies to establish if HOVER platforms have successfully improved the existing situation. This study has been conducted on a specific HOVER platform, the TATIN-PIC platform (French acronym for Table Tactile Interactive – Plateforme Intelligente de Conception) built at the Université de Technologie de Compiègne. The first step, composed of four quasi-experimental observations, showed a satisfying level of applicability. Besides, it provided multiple indications for the improvement of the HOVER platforms regarding Human Machine interactions. For example, it has confirmed the need for an interconnected vertical and horizontal surface, the need for a natural manipulation of intermediary objects, the need for a smooth circulation among design methods and, as well, the need for new design methods to be implemented. Thanks to these indications, a second version of a HOVER platform has been made. This improved platform, called Digital Project Space (DPS) platform, has been used for success evaluation in a real context. From these preliminary tests emerged that users are satisfied by the support of the DPS platform. Performances are in the worst-case scenario, as good as actual tools. Further and more accurate real case studies are needed to generalize these findings. This outlines the future perspectives, such as the definition of prescriptive models of the impact of such device on the early preliminary design phases
Le fasi preliminari del processo di progettazione sono caratterizzate dall’incertezza, sia in termini di conoscenza che di azioni da compiere. Al contempo, pero, sono le fasi cruciali per il risultato globale del processo di progettazione. L’approccio Design Thinking è particolarmente adatto per le caratteristiche di queste fasi. L’introduzione di strumenti digitali durante il processo di progettazione preliminare è stata identificata come una pista di ricerca interessante da esplorare. L’analisi di queste fasi ha permesso di emettere una lista di postulati su cui progettare nuovi strumenti digitali. Questa classe di strumenti ha le sembianze di una piattaforma composta da due superfici tattili multi-utilizzatore; una è orizzontale per favorire il pensiero divergente, mentre l’altra è verticale per favorire il processo convergente. A causa di ciò, abbiamo deciso di identificare queste piattaforme con l’acronimo HOVER (HORizontal and VERtical). Il forte divario in termini di curva d’apprendimento tra i dispositivi esistenti (principalmente basati su carta) e le piattaforme HOVER, ha richiesto la definizione di una metodologia di ricerca adeguata. Questa metodologia ha inoltre il compito di garantire un rigore metodologico nell’approccio di ricerca. Due fasi di questa metodologia sono state eseguite. Nella prima fase, il nuovo dispositivo è comparato sperimentalmente con i dispositivi esistenti al fine di determinare se è applicabile alla situazione per cui è stato concepito. Nella seconda fase, il dispositivo è valutato in una situazione reale al fine di determinare se ha apportato, con successo, un miglioramento alla situazione esistente. Questi studi sono stati condotti su una specifica HOVER platform chiamata TATIN-PIC (acronimo francese per Table Tactile Interactive – Plateforme Intelligente de Conception), progettata e construita all’Université de Technologie de Compiègne. La prima fase, che ha visto quattro esperimenti, ha mostrato un livello di applicabilità soddisfacente, ha inoltre fornito molteplici piste di miglioramento in termini d’interazione uomo macchina. Grazie a questi feedback una seconda versione del dispositivo è stata creata. Tale versione, chiamata piattaforma Digital Project Space (DPS) è stata utilizzata per testare il successo del dispositivo in situazioni di reale utilizzo. Da questi test preliminari è emerso che gli utilizzatori sono rimasti soddisfatti dell’apporto fornito dal dispositivo, e che le performance sono nel caso peggiore equivalenti alla situazione attuale. Ulteriori e approfondite osservazioni di uso in situazioni reale sono necessarie per avere dei riscontri generalizzabili. Questo traccia gli scenari per il futuro; continuando la disseminazione nell’ambito industriale del dispositivo, sarà possibile ottenere dei riscontri quantitativi in termini diefficienza ed efficacia, grazie ai quali, estrapolare dei modelli prescrittivi dell’impatto del dispositivo sul processo di progettazione preliminare
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Lee, Jae Min. "Automated checking of building requirements on circulation over a range of design phases." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34802.
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This study focuses on the development of a new, formal method for the automated checking of pedestrian circulation rules in Courthouse Design Guide.
Automated building rule checking is an automated process of design evaluation against design requirements. Since the early 1970's, when the electronic representation of building design became available, automated building rule checking, a computational process, has been a focus of study, and it continues to be a popular research area because it facilitates the design evaluation process by reducing the checking time and evaluation costs and by increasing the objectivity and the reliability of the evaluation. Thanks to the emergence of BIM (Building Information Model) authoring software, BIM became available to use in real building design, and several automated building code checking systems were developed based on BIM.
In practice, the use of a rule checking system in real design evaluation may be influenced by several factors. Among the factors that affect the accuracy and the reliability of automated checking such as checking algorithms and rule interpretation is the level of completeness of the BIM in the design process, which can cause limitations in the application of a rule checking algorithm to the model. Problems caused by the incompleteness of the BIM occurred in CORENET project, a project initiated by the Singapore government in 1999 for automation of building code checking, and GSA Courthouse Design Guide Automation project (GSA), initiated at Georgia Tech in 2007 also faced with the same problems caused by incompleteness of BIM in the development stage.
This thesis is a continuing research of GSA-Courthouse Design Guide Automation project (Simply, GSA project). The theoretical goals of this study are to provide a logical foundation upon which one can build an automated checking module for circulation rule checking and that is capable of outlining the rule-validation process independently from its diverse implementation. The theory for circulation rule checking is devised to represent the process of the validation of a building design in the development stage. The theory deals with issues of validation caused by the lack of data in the development of a building design.
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Chen, Danfang. "Information Management for Factory Planning and Design." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-84411.
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This thesis is dedicated to the manufacturing industry for the improvement of information management within the factory planningand design domain, and for more efficient factory planning and design. Currently the manufacturing industry lacks sufficient methods for capturing, structuring, and representing information and knowledge for easy access, exchange, integration and reuse within the domain. Therefore the focus of this thesis is on information and knowledge management within factory planning and design, which involves two subjects; information management and factory planning and design. In this thesis information and knowledge are captured by different models for different purposes, with the viewpoint of the factory planner and designer. A concept model is developed for a unified understanding of terms. An activity model is developed to define the domain scope, information flow and is used as the core of the factory planning and realization pilot, which is also developed. Information models from different information standards have been evaluated for a future common information platform within factory design. Principles about how to apply standards and concept models to the factory design are presented and discussed.QC 20120213
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Ghalebani, Alireza. "Renewable Energy Investment Planning and Policy Design." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6243.
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In this dissertation, we leverage predictive and prescriptive analytics to develop decision support systems to promote the use of renewable energy in society. Since electricity from renewable energy sources is still relatively expensive, there are variety of financial incentive programs available in different regions. Our research focuses on financial incentive programs and tackles two main problem: 1) how to optimally design and control hybrid renewable energy systems for residential and commercial buildings given the capacity based and performance based incentives, and 2) how to develop a model-based system for policy makers for designing optimal financial incentive programs to promote investment in net zero energy (NZE) buildings.
In order to customize optimal investment and operational plans for buildings, we developed a mixed integer program (MIP). The optimization model considers the load profile and specifications of the buildings, local weather data, technology specifications and pricing, electricity tariff, and most importantly, the available financial incentives to assess the financial viability of investment in renewable energy. It is shown how the MIP model can be used in developing customized incentive policy designs and controls for renewable energy system.
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Finch, Steven W. "Telephone Voice Alert: system planning and design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45936.
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The Telephone Voice Alert is divided into six parts: the ring detector, controller, voice memory, synthesizer, speaker, and power supply subsystems. These all interact together to produce a voice signal whenever a ring signal is detected. By beginning from the system function and analyzing the components as we break the system into subsystems, we find that the trade-off between system cost and system "effectiveness" minimizes to prove Configuration A (digital voice reproduction) a more effective means. Further testing and development is necessary, however, as the design must be "fine-tuned" in order to insure proper function.
Master of Science
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Flanagan, Tomás Leo. "Supporting design planning through process model simulation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244879.
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Modelling and analysis of design processes is non-trivial and predicting the behaviour of such systems is especially challenging. Nonetheless, the effective planning of design projects is critical for many engineering companies. Based on the findings from a thorough literature review and an extensive industrial case study, this thesis identified four themes on which subsequent process analyses focused: modelling and representation; scale and connectivity; rework, and the product-process link. The case study also provided a deeper understanding of the practical challenges of planning in industry. In order to meet these challenges, both the Signposting modelling framework and simulation tool were enhanced to provide increased functionality for process modelling, representation and analysis. Further, novel approaches for process analysis - the use of hypothetical models and confidence profiles that link product and process information - were proposed. A software tool was developed to automatically generate such hypothetical models. Simulation analyses were performed on both hypothetical and real-world models. The results elucidated the effects of structural variations in terms of scale and connectivity on project performance. They also showed how task reordering due to rework can lead to major process delays, even when the time taken to rework failed tasks is extremely short. Further, the simulation analyses demonstrated how confidence profiles could be used to identify rework early in the process and reduce the resulting project schedule impact. The results from the simulation analyses were evaluated against historical data from the case study company and heuristics for design planning were defined. Overall, this research demonstrated how simulation analysis of both real-world and hypothetical models, using the enhanced Signposting tool, can provide useful insights into design process planning.
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Zhang, D. "Optimal design and planning of energy microgrids." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1418705/.
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Microgrids are local energy providers which reduce energy expense and gas emissions by utilising distributed energy resources (DERs) and are considered to be promising alternatives to existing centralised systems. However, currently, problems exist concerning their design and utilisation. This thesis investigates the optimal design and planning of microgrids using mathematical programming methods. First, a fair economic settlement scheme is considered for the participants of a microgrid. A mathematical programming formulation is proposed involving the fair electricity transfer price and unit capacity selection based on the Game-theory Nash bargaining approach. The problem is first formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model, and is then reformulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Second, an MILP model is formulated for the optimal scheduling of energy consumption of smart homes. DER operation and electricity consumption tasks are scheduled based on real-time electricity pricing, electricity task time windows and forecasted renewable energy output. A peak charge scheme is also adopted to reduce the peak demand from the grid. Next, an MILP model is proposed to optimise the respective costs among multiple customers in a smart building. It is based on the minimisation/maximisation optimisation approach for the lexicographic minimax/maximin method, which guarantees a Pareto-optimal solution. Consequently each customer will pay a fair energy cost based on their respective energy consumption. Finally, optimum electric vehicle (EV) battery operation scheduling and its related degradation are addressed within smart homes. EV batteries can be used as electricity storage for domestic appliances and provide vehicle to grid (V2G) services. However, they increase the battery degradation and decrease the battery performance. Therefore the objective is to minimise the total electricity cost and degradation cost while maintaining the demand under the agreed threshold by scheduling the operation of EV batteries.
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Vankipuram, Muralidharan Geetha. "Contemporary design techniques for urban design: an inquiry into digital generative diagrammatic thinking." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42931496.
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Vankipuram, Muralidharan Geetha. "Contemporary design techniques for urban design an inquiry into digital generative diagrammatic thinking /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42931496.
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Tang, Kwok-Leung. "Urban design control : case study in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799411.
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Tam, Wai-man. "Market force and urban design a case study of Wanchai District /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687272.
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Wong, Kai-ho Kenneth. "Pixellated, textured, heaped space a design forum /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31986845.
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Rawlinson, Christopher. "Design and development control." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294635.
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Wu, Xianchun. "Apocalypse of humanistic character in participatory design research for configuring habitable space take Graham Street block design of Hong Kong as an example /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4293073X.
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Venkataraman, Suzanne Marie. "CAD graphics utilization in the design and marketing phases of textile/apparel product development." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41538.
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The purpose of this research was to identify the expertise of CAD graphics operators/managers in the design and marketing phases of textile/apparel product development. Additionally, the purposes were to determine the effect of CAD graphics on product development in the textile/apparel industry, and to identify future needs and uses of CAD graphics in the industry.
A questionnaire was sent to 117 CAD graphics operators/managers. The results from the questionnaire were obtained through frequency and percentage distributions.
The major findings of this study concluded that textile design and/or colorations and coloration of sketches were the major uses for CAD graphics systems. The shortening of response time of development of idea in design cycle was the major benefit of using a CAD graphics system. Future needs and wants were found to be mainly in the areas of better color control, matching and selection, better resolution in printing, and faster, larger printout capabilities.Master of Science
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Lorah, Katherine P. (Katherine Peterson). "Disruptive by design : the promise of the tech-enabled design competition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81649.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Pages 112-113 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-108).
At their best, urban design competitions offer access to innovative design thinking for competition sponsors; high quality spaces for the benefit of the public; and career advancement for designers. However, many feel that competitions are falling short of these aims, frustrating organizers and exploiting designers while leaving the public largely out of the dialogue. This thesis explores the potential of web-based social technologies to improve the urban design competition model so that it better serves all parties. It establishes a current model for urban design competitions before examining some precedents for related processes that have been disrupted by emerging social technologies. The study concludes with a proposal for a new, tech-enabled urban design competition on the eastern side of MIT's campus.
by Katherine P. Lorah.
M.C.P.
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Waskett, Paul R. "Management of the building design process with the Analytical Design Planning Technique." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13743.
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In recent times there has been a growing understanding of the importance of effective design planning and management to facilitate a co-ordinated building design within budget, and to ensure the smooth running of the project. Traditionally, building design has been planned with the same methods as construction, which do not allow the effects of variations and delays to be fully understood within an iterative process such as design. Also, they monitor progress based upon the completion of drawing work and other design deliverables as opposed to the availability of key pieces of information. This leads to a compromised design process containing inevitable cycles of rework together with associated time and cost penalties in both design and construction. The Analytical Design Planning Technique (ADePT) provides a means of planning iterative design work based on the flow of information through the process. A comprehensive information flow model of the detailed building design process has been produced, representing design activities and their information requirements. When linked to a dependency structure matrix (DSM) analysis tool, the optimal sequence of activities can be determined and iterative elements of work can be identified in a structured manner, based on the flow of information in the process. The optimal sequence of activities can be represented against a timescale so that a programme of work is produced. This programme can be integrated with the programmes of other stages of the project, such as construction, through further analysis of the process on a DSM, providing an objective means of developing an overall project programme. The technique has been trialled on case study projects and found to offer a range of benefits, including: it acknowledges the iterative nature of design; it identifies and accurately programmes crucial multi-disciplinary co-ordination activities that require a collaborative working environment to be undertaken effectively; it allows key information estimation and fixing requirements to be identified; and it can help to identify effective design and procurement strategies. The research has proven the viability of ADePT as a technique to plan and manage the detailed building design process.
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Chen, Danfang. "Information management for the factory planning process." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11418.
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Lee, Benjamin. "Intelligent computer tools for urban design and planning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0014/MQ27569.pdf.
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Hansson, Johan. "Design of organizational procedures for working environment planning /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2005/26/.
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Tung, Chien-Kuo, and 童建國. "A Study Of Design Quality for Military Construction Project During Planning and Design Phases." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81019551680913830770.
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碩士國防大學理工學院
軍事工程碩士班
98
The man power of military engineering have been reduced and weakened both in quantity and quality since the Policy Of Organization Streamlining were adopted for past years. Currently, the design job for investment project is outsourced to the Construction Center of the Armament Bureau. However, the design job for the maintenance project is still retained in the basic military units. These units often face issues of lack of qualified design staff, difficulty to get trained and skilled staff, and insufficient personnel. As a result, the inferior design qualities in the basic units cause disputes and quality problems during construction phase. In this research, the design errors and flaws were firstly investigated during construction phase in order to provide an design quality management model for the military's maintenance project during planning and design phases. The related data were collected and analyzed for the Army's basic units in the past 3 years. The errors and flaws were categorized into 5 types such as architecture, structure, electricity, and water pipelines. The research also studied design flaw data from the Construction Center of the Armament Bureau. Experts were interviewed and literatures were also reviewed to compile data by the Fuzzy Delphi Method to establish a Design Quality Level 1 Self Checked List for maintenance project. In addition, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Simplified Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method were adopted to established a Level 2 Quality Evaluation Model. This model can be used to effectively manage and enhance the design audit process for the basic units in the Army.
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Su, Yi-Chyau, and 蘇怡樵. "Investigations of Cost Management in the Planning and Design Phases of High-Tech Fab." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40890605744491008425.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班工程技術與管理組
96
ABSTRACT Cost control is one of the key items of project management of building construction. To control the cost effectively and finish the construction successfully within limited budget is the ultimate goal of project management. The building cost control in planning and design stages are the basis of future construction operation; however, the decisions made by project managers are often different due to the different background of professions ( designer, general contractor, consultants and owner), or the differences of usages, such as facilities and process of manufacture. Therefore, planning of concluding the most reasonable cost shall be one of the most concerned subjects for project manager. The documentation and textbooks relate to cost control rarely have in depth case analysis and investigation retrospectively to the subject above. Also, the research of high-tech fab often focus on the schedule, quality, and management or styles of operation, and rarely in the field of cost management. The construction of fab is big and complicated respectively, and its interface and budget grows immensely. It is important to discuss and analyze thoroughly during planning stage. This research is to study the issues of cost management in planning and design stages by collecting and analyzing interviews and actual cases. There are 11 key items of cost management in planning and design stage respectively, according to the hierarchies of cost management in planning and design stage established in this research. Among them, the column spacing, structure system, the I coefficient of structure design and earthquake variable, the number of floors and floor height, the size of building are the most important factors. This research illustrates the analysis of the interviews and case studies, based on the evaluation items, and with anticipation, can be used as reference of project management in planning and design stage in professional practice as well as in training and education.
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Chan, Shao-Hua, and 詹紹華. "Cost and Duration Problem Analysis in the Planning and Design Phases of Public Construction Projects." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79041795984917796705.
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碩士國立交通大學
土木工程系所
94
Delay and cost overruns are common in construction projects. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted to identify and evaluate the relative importance of the significant factors contributing to delay and cost overruns in the planning and design phases of public construction project. Respondents of this survey included personnel from owners, consultants and architect involved in public construction projects in Taiwan. This researchs analysis of public construction project is using Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making and Gray System Theory. Hence, effective project planning and controlling should be established to enhance project performance in order to minimize or avoid delay and cost problems in the public construction projects.