Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planification – Environnement'
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Zaldivar, Colado Ulises. "Planification d'assemblage en environnement virtuel." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0056.
Full textThis thesis deals with the use of virtual reality to create a synthetic environment which allows assembling virtual mechanical products. The objective is to test the product assemblability at the design stage and generate the most feasible assemble sequences by performing assembly operations in virtual environment. The virtual environment is enriched by dynamic behavior of parts and subassemblies, haptic sensation and interactive visualization. Dynamic behavior allows the existence of geometrical constraints. This makes that assembly sequences generated in virtual environment will be also generated in real world. Haptic sensation makes interaction more realistic by the contact forces sensation between parts to assemble. Real time visualization of assembly sequence, operation graph and liaison graph aids the user to plan its task in virtual environment. We have statistically demonstrated that contact forces sensation between parts to assemble in virtual environment contributes to user performance in terms of task completion time. The most feasible assembly plan found in virtual environment is also the most feasible one found in the real word. We assume that the contribution of information feedback related to user actions in virtual environment (visualization of the generated assembly sequence and graphs) is equivalent to the contribution of using 2D assembly drawings in real work. The assembly planning activity does not depend on the interaction environment. This validates our approach of mechanical assembly in virtual environment
Al, Sayed Souleiman Al Atassi Yosser. "Planification de trajectoires dans un environnement inconnu." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10007.
Full textPolacsek, Thomas. "Une logique pour la planification en environnement partiellement observable." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30158.
Full textIn the first part of this work we define a modal logic, EDL, who is the fusion of dynamic logic and a modal epistemic logic, which makes it possible to explicitly reason with agent’s knowledge, with a semantic, an axiomatic and a tableaux method. In the second part, more directed planning, we express, using EDL, several of the concepts frequently posed in the framework of planning under partial observability such as incomplete knowledge, nondeterministic actions, conditional plans, total observability, inobservable facts or knowledge gathering action. In addition, we developed, from our logic, an automatic method of plan checking and of plan generation dedicated to the problems under partial observability
Lopez, Thomas. "Planification de Chemin et adaptation de posture en environnement dynamique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767784.
Full textBarkaoui, Mohamed. "Approche évolutionnaire pour la planification d'itinéraires dans un environnement dynamique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27074/27074.pdf.
Full textCollin, Ivan. "Planification de tâches-robots pour robots mobiles en environnement structuré." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD778.
Full textChi, XIAOCHEN. "Contribution à la planification d'itinéraires et de transports en environnement urbain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212796.
Full textDemesure, Guillaume. "Coordination et planification de systèmes multi-agents dans un environnement manufacturier." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0029/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on agent navigation in a manufacturing environment. The proposed framework deals with the navigation of AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles), which freely and smartly transport their product. The objective is to propose some tools allowing the autonomous and cooperative navigation of AGV fleets in manufacturing systems for which temporal constraints are important. After presenting the state of the art of each field (manufacturing systems and agent navigation), the impacts of the cross-fertilization between these two fields are presented. Then, two issues, related to the navigation of mobile agents in manufacturing systems, are studied. The first issue focuses on decentralized motion planning where a scheduling function is combined with the planner for each agent. This function allows choosing a resource during the navigation to complete the ongoing operation of the transported product at the soonest date. The first proposed approach consists in a heterarchical architecture where the AGVs have to plan (or update) their trajectory, schedule their product and solve their own conflict with communicating agents. For the second approach, hybrid architecture with a supervisor, which assists agents during the navigation, is proposed. The motion planning scheme is divided into two steps. The first step uses global information provided by the supervisor to anticipate the future collisions. The second step is local and uses information from communicating agents to ensure the collision avoidance. In order to reduce the computational times, a particle swarm optimization is introduced. The second issue is focused on the cooperative control, allowing a rendezvous of nonholomic agents at a specific configuration. This rendezvous must be achieved in a prescribed time, provided by the higher level of control. To solve this rendezvous, a fixed time (i.e. independent of initial conditions) switching control law is proposed, allowing the convergence of agent states towards a resource configuration. Some numerical and experimental results are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed methods
Beaucorps, Pierre de. "Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement peu contraint et fortement dynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS082.
Full textThis thesis studies the trajectory planning of an automated vehicle surrounded by fast moving obstacles in an unconstrained environment (i.e. with no clear lane markings). Two main approaches are proposed: compute a speed profile on a given path, or find a valid path starting from a hypothesis on the speed of the vehicle. The first approach consists of a dynamic adaptation of the speed of an automated vehicle driving in a semi-constrained environment and in the presence of other vehicles. A set of speed profile references is used. They must be compatible with the dynamics of the vehicle and also comfortable for the passengers. Quantitative validations have been conducted in simulation together with qualitative validations on an automated vehicle, which demonstrate the benefits of this planning strategy. In the second approach, the « Reachable Interaction Sets » (RIS) are introduced as a new framework that allows to plan the trajectory of a vehicle surrounded by dynamic obstacles which move faster. The approach removes the temporal aspect of the problem by using a hypothesis about the speed of the vehicle. The remaining problem can be solved out by a static path finding algorithm. Quantitative validations show the advantage of planning approachs based on this framework compared to other state-of-the-art planning strategies
Ravoanjanahary, Nasolo. "Planification d'actions purement épistémiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/382/.
Full textEpistemic planning consists to build a policy of epistemic actions to acquire information in a uncertain and partially observable world. This class of planning under uncertainty is at the crossroads of several disciplines such as Artificial Intelligence, Operational Research, Decision Theory. It solves several problems such as diagnosis, preferences elicitation, classification, etc. The aim of our research was to propose a framework for epistemic planning and to study its logarithmic aspects. After identifying the various parameters, we described three models of epistemic planning: the stochastic (Purely Epistemic Markov Decision Process), the model sets (Sets Markov Decision Processes Epistemic) and the possibilistic (Possibilistic Markov Decision Processes Epistemic). Finally, we studied in detail the implementation of epistemic planning in invasive species diagnosis
Petti, Stéphane Renaud. "Navigation sûre en environnement dynamique : une approche par planification de mouvement partiel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003661.
Full textDesaigues, Brigitte. "La Planification de l'environnement cas particulier de la pollution de l'eau et de l'air." Lille : A.N.R.T, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36105391j.
Full textDespouys, Olivier. "Une architecture intégrée pour la planification et le contrôle d'exécution en environnement dynamique." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPTA19H.
Full textBUI, XUAN-NAM. "Planification de trajectoire pour un robot polygonal non holonome dans un environnement polygonal." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0443.
Full textDA, COSTA PEREIRA CELIA. "Planification d'actions en environnement incertain : une approche fondee sur la theorie des possibilites." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30071.
Full textSlama, Ilhem. "Modélisation et optimisation de problème de planification de désassemblage dans un environnement incertain." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0192.
Full textOur research proposes to model and optimize the disassembly lot-sizing problem. The contributions presented in this manuscript focus on disassembly planning in certain and uncertain context. We have considered three main models with their resolution approaches: (i) a deterministic multi-period modeling that deals with a multilevel product structure with a commonality of components that aims to maximize total profit. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed to optimally solve the problem, (ii) a single period stochastic model with a two-level disassembly system and a single type of end-of-life product under random refurbishing lead times. This model seeks to minimize the total expected cost, composed of inventory and backlog costs. A Newboy approach is proposed to solve the problem, and (iii) a multi-period stochastic model which deals with the uncertainty of refurbishing lead times when order crossover is considered. Stochastic Mixed Integer Linear Program, Monte Carlo simulation and scenario aggregation approaches are proposed to solve the proposed model. The performances of the proposed resolution approaches are presented by analyzing the optimization results on a set of randomly generated instances
Tran, Ngo Quoc Huy. "Planification de mouvement pour les systèmes dynamiques multi-agents dans un environnement variable." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT099.
Full textThis thesis proposes optimization-based control solutions for the motion planning of multi-agent dynamical systems operating in a variable environment (with static/mobile obstacles and time-varying environmental disturbances).Collision-free paths are planned for the agents through the combined use of set theory (particularly, bounded convex sets), non(-linear) Model Predictive Control (MPC), Potential Field (PF) and graph-based methods. The contributions build on the proposal of repulsive potential field constructions together with on-off barrier functions which describe and, respectively, activate/deactivate the collision-free conditions introduced in a distributed NMPC framework. These constructions are further used for connectivity maintenance conditions among the group of agents while ensuring the tracking of the a priori generated path. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance observer is integrated within the control scheme for environmental disturbance rejection.Finally, the results are validated in simulation through comparisons with mixed-integer approaches and over a benchmark for the safe navigation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) in the Trondheim fjord, Norway, using real numerical data
Alili, Samir. "Interaction décisionnelle Homme-Robot : planification de tâche pour un robot interactif en environnement humain." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068811.
Full textTarlet, Jean. "Intégration des données de l'environnement naturel dans l'aménagement et la gestion de l'espace par la méthode de Planification Ecologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10084.
Full textThe economic development of the past decades has led to anarchic spreading of human settlements, mainly urban and industrial areas, and damage to the environment, even sometimes real disasters, when human communities are established in hazard-prone areas. This involves a double set of problems : - the efficient land development control through planning policy - the taking into account of natural values within these planning processes. The point is that of a relevant method. The "ecological planning" method seems more interesting, and more complete than the single-purpose and single-area study processes used about environmental impact assessments. The basic principles of ecological planning method are : 1) to isolate environmental study during a first step. 2) to analyse the whole range of environmental items 3) to synthesize progressively environmental data through interpretation and step-by-step integration. By merging these environmental syntheses and the needs expressed through socio-economic studies, the suitable planning policy can appear, linked to the technical possibilities available. Many case studies have been undertaken world wide and notably in europe, following the ecological planning method. Three french case studies are presented here. Although the same principles had been applied, application technics evolved : integration processes have been improved, like combination and calculation proceedings, thank to geographic information systems. Given the overall present situation (demographic and technological development, megalopolis sprawling), one could expect an increasing pressure over the environment (water, soils, forests). Such a method seems then more and more useful
Alili, Samir. "Interaction décisionnelle homme-robot : planification de tâche pour un robot interactif en environnement humain." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2663/.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of the shared decision between human and robot in the perspective of interactive problem solving that involved human and robot. The robot and human share common goals and must work together to identify how to realize (the capacity and the competence of each one are different). Issues to be addressed concerning this division of roles, sharing of authority in the execution of a task (taking initiative), to exhibit the knowledge such that both can play an optimal role in the resolution of common problems. We developed a task planner named HATP (Human Aware Task Planner). This planner is based on hierarchical task planning that is enriched with social rules. It can produce plans that are socially acceptable that means plans that make legible the actions and intentions of the robot. The planner also has the ability to plan for the robot and humans while ensuring optimality for each. We are also interested in a hybrid approach that mixes between task planning and geometrical planning. This approach allows the robot to have control over the sequence of actions that it produces, but also on how to achieve it. Thereby treat the human-robot interaction problem more cleverly, but also on several levels
Bueb, Julien. "Politique stratégique et environnement." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA0005.
Full textEnvironment becomes a national and international major concern. The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 has been awarded to Al Gore and IPCC for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change. The "Grenelle de l'environnement" in France shows this new granted concern for governments. With the enlarging necessity to counteract climatic risk, governments can be however tried to escape from their environmental obligations. They can use emission tax or the tradable emission permits to support their national industry against international competition. The thesis is organized in two parts. The first part is a survey of the literature. Chapter 1 presents the strategic trade policy and chapter 2 includes its environmental dimension (chapter 2). The second part examines theoretical contributions and is organized as follows. Ln chapter 3, we analyze the impact of polluting firms' lobbying on strategic environmental policy with emission taxes. A market of tradable emission permits and a possibility (or not) of a market power for one firm on this market are discussed in chapter 4
Lenoir, Arnaud. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la planification de production à moyen terme en environnement incertain." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731056.
Full textBailey, Ian. "Planification heuristique avec les processus de décision markovien et création d'un environnement de programmation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4630.
Full textBlanchard, Benoît. "Contribution à la planification de trajectoires de robots manipulateurs dans un environnement connu convexe." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2380.
Full textDeladreue, Sophie. "Planification et fonctionnement des réseaux de grand transport de l'énergie électrique en environnement concurrentiel." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066094.
Full textPoty, Alexandre. "Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement dynamique et génération de mouvement d'ordre non entier." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13202.
Full textCiocca, Jean-Luc. "La planification d’une activité Maker : une planification dynamique et flexible pour répondre aux besoins des élèves." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38916.
Full textPersais, Eric. "La prise en compte des paramètres écologiques par l'entreprise industrielle : approche contingente." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT4001.
Full textMolines, Nathalie. "Méthodes et outils pour la planification des grandes infrastructures linéaires et leur évaluation environnementale." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET2096.
Full textIncreased conflicts related to the construction of new linear infrastructure (e. G. Transportation networks or high-tension cables) has resulted in longer and more expensive environmental impact studies. In order to reduce such conflict, the French government has changed the decision-ma king process. With this shift the notion of "the environment" has become more central, the perspectives of local stakeholders are integrated at the beginning of the projects, and environmental and regulatory laws have become more strict. These shifts, which require incorporating public participation into the decision-making process, have made conducting environmental impact studies more complex. GIS in combination with multicriteria analysis can be used to address this new decision-making context. In this thesis I will analyze the complexity of the decision-making process and will evaluate existing decision-making tools. I will then propose a set of new tools designed to evaluate the environmental impact of any given linear infrastructure project. Finally I will demonstrate the potential value of these new tools based on their application to a particular case study: the northern part of the highway project between Lyon and Narbonne (France)
Teichteil, Florent. "Approche symbolique et heuristique de la planification en environnement incertain : optimisation d'une stratégie de déplacement et de prise d'information." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0028.
Full textChalmé, Sébastien. "Aspects cognitifs de la planification d'itinéraires urbains." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112091.
Full textThis thesis in Cognitive Science aims at both identifying the cognitive processes involved in route planning and providing ergonomic specifications for navigational systems dedicated to support drivers route planning. We conducted two experiments in which participants were asked to plan an itinerary through an extended modem city environment, in which they were expected to complete 14 tasks with spatial constraints and some with temporal constraints. We analysed if participants mental representations and strategies were affected by specific environment knowledge (we considered two groups : persons with and persons without specific environment knowledge), tasks being constrained temporally (presence or absence of temporal constraints), and planning duration (short or long). Participants with knowledge tend to reduce the cognitive cost of plan execution, not that of planning. They tend to consider the spatial aspect of the problem (definition of routes to follow in function of the urban network) before its temporal aspects (respect of the temporal constraints). They tend to apply a travel time optimisation and to take into account numerous additional constraints in order to define a realistic plan. Participants without knowledge tend to reduce the cognitive cost of planning, as they aim to solve the problem as quickly as possible. They tend to consider the temporal aspects of the problem before its spatial aspect and to apply a travel distance optimisation. However, confronted with tasks without temporal constraints, with a long planning duration and provided with precisions on the urban network, they tend to integrate the urban network constraints in the development of a global solution of their journey, as do persons with knowledge. On the basis of these results and of an ergonomic analysis of navigational and planning aid systems, we formulate some ideas with respect to onboard navigational aid systems that might support drivers in their planning activities
Gaguet, Laurent. "Attitudes mentales et planification en intelligence artificielle : modélisation d'un agent rationnel dans un environnement multi-agents." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20023.
Full textOré, Albornoz Ernesto. "Sur les méthodes de décomposition proximale appliquées à la planification de production électrique en environnement incertain." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC083/document.
Full textChevalier, Carole Annie Christiane. "L' environnement juridique de l'activité médico-sociale." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10037.
Full textCôme, Thierry. "L'entreprise face a son environnement juridique : vers une strategie juridique globale ?" Reims, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REIME001.
Full textLocated at the centre of a three-fold concept, cooperation - trust - oppportunist behaviours, law is a hazardous factor but is a source of competitive advantages too for entreprises. Companies can't do without law but must rather manage it. Thus a new function has emerged: the judicial function. The antagonistic yet complementary coexistence of law as goods and law as institutions, the growing number of organizations that give birth to new legislations and the relations between legal actors and companies allow these companies more leeway when they have to deal with law matters but all this also makes their judicial environment even more complexe, makes their understanding more difficult and even more indispensable. Indeedas the judicial world appears more and more blurred and as the judicial hazards weigh more strongly on companies, companies are led to organize their own judicial function. The growing concern of managers for judicial hazards has influenced their approach of this function from an operational level to a strategic level according to three main strategies: - the defensive strategy which aims at avoiding conflicts. A company foreseeing trouble tackles it by resorting to alternative resolution or acts on its judicial environment thanks to lobbying. - the offensive strategy which resorts to law or judicial disputes to maintain or to contest rules that enable this company to keep the leading position on a market or to communicate. - the planned strategy which allows a company to adapt to its judicial environment by setting up judicial awareness. Then the judicial function becomes a system combining all the existing strategies: prevention, resolution and opportunistic behaviour
Habert, Olivier. "Modélisation dynamique d'un environnement intérieur pour robot mobile." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10051.
Full textBeaumet, Grégory. "Planification continue pour la conduite d'un satellite d'observation agile autonome." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0003.
Full textDelafenestre, Régis. "Contribution à l'amélioration méthodologique du processus de planification logistique tactique en environnement multi-sites : une application à l'industrie européenne d'appareils sanitaires en céramique." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0018.
Full textThis thesis proposes to demonstrate the contribution of Information Technology and Communication (ICT) to improve the process of tactical multi-sites logistics planning with an application to industry European ceramic sanitary ware. Logistics processes are changing thank to ICT, we have a substitution of manual tasks by computing tasks. Our objective was to develop by using ICT, a process of tactical logistics planning in manufacturing of ceramic sanitary ware. Our research relied on interviews, direct observations, simulation, and construction methods. Analysis of technological innovations possibilities allowed to include the ERP during the methodology construction. The objective is to facilitate the assimilation of these technologies to achieve a match between computerized system and business processes and thus to develop success factors. At the end, it was not only a new method of planning, but also a study of impacts of ICT on the tactical planning process. The method is an iterative process between the field and theories. But it seems that the essence is in the succeeding generation methods. Common points exist between each method, with ICT integration growing. This is not reproducible method itself but the degree of assimilation of ICT
Debil, Fanny. "Quand la santé devient écologique : Acteurs et transferts de la planification en santé environnement(ale) (OMS-France)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD011.
Full textWhat if health was too serious to be left to health actors ? What if risks can disappear ? These interrogations have driven some of the national environmental health action plans. This specific planning is structurally a matter of transfers and changes, uncertainty and controversies. This thesis deals with its genesis, making, and effects. It integrates a transnational scene, the World Health Organization that initiates the planning. It also considers a national level, the French one precisely, that imports the planning. Two rationale are used : an actor-centered approach, a balanced examination of preexistence and innovation. This work thus foresees the political dimension of the national environmental health planning in France. It requires health and ecological state actors with adequate resources. These actors go beyond sanitary engineers that are historical advocates of environmental health. Besides, the ecological actors determine the continuity of the planning. This suggests that the owners of the environmental health problem have now changed. This also means a distance with the initial project of WHO. For more than twenty years, the national planning reduces the ubiquity of environmental health. It also suggests its exploding aspects. This thesis provides some insight to understand the making of this problem, its actors and debates, its times and quantities. It explores the inside, the highest level and the boundaries of the state. It enlightens the transcendence of systemic expertise with respect to scientific expertise for governing the human-environment relationships. More broadly, it leads to question the vigorous relation between the cross-cutting and sectoral aspects of public intervention
Cossard, Nicolas. "Un environnement logiciel de modélisation et d'optimisation pour la planification de la production dans la chaîne logistique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21548.
Full textSaïri, Rabah. "Une forme d'approche des comportements stratégiques et de la performance des PME : Valeurs, environnement, stratégies, planification, performance." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN11011.
Full textThe strategy as well as the efficiency of the smps are subjects which have focused the researcher's attention these last decades. Both this interest was translated into several approaches with different angles of studies and even different appreciation of each of the two constructs. Despite the great number of researchers, there is only little consensus of positions concerning the dimensions and factors which contribute to a better understanding of each of them. Ideological considerations are probably the root of such a disagreement. Each time the strategy is the object of a new definition, it exhibits in fact a distinct philosophy and a theoritical conception which is different, whereas researchers keep claiming to be in the same theoritical pattern. In this spirit, the field of strategy as well as the performance's one would be enriched if each other would deign to understand that the different patterns suggested in litterature don't come from the same theoritical, ideological and methodological conceptualization. As a consequence, rather than sink into controversy or filling with indignation for the paradoxe they evidence, the best is to see the complementarity of these patterns. In this spirit a satisfactory knowledge of the smes strategy requires the conjugation of the different patterns in the complementary and exchange's modes, the single way which can clarify its vast space in a satisfactory way. It is only the beginnings of such an approach in our knowledge's field. But the systemic approach can be used to improve it. In accordance with this orientation, the accepted approach in this research gives a greater place to the improvement of the different patterns which goes through the way they articulate themselves in a global approach's pattern, specifying in the same time the nature and the dynamic of the relations which are establishing between 5 complexes of variables, contributing to the knowledge of the strategy as well as the performance of the smes
Capellini, carvalho de oliveira Nathalia. "Historiciser les barrages en Amazonie brésilienne : environnement, conflit et politique dans la planification et construction de Tucuruí (1960-1985)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV086.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the planning and construction of the Tucuruí dam on the Tocantins River in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Tucuruí dam was one of the large public works of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil between 1964 and 1985 and was part of the geopolitical strategy of this regime for the Amazon region. The present work highlights the relationship between State and resources in the Amazon from a historical perspective. It focuses on how a political project –in this case, the military one – embodies a process of material transformation of space through the implementation of infrastructures. It also shows how infrastructure, a hydroelectric, can materialize a particular political vision. However, if the military dictatorship was a pivotal moment when dams are finally established in the Amazon, this thesis shows that these infrastructures are part of a long history of river management in the region. In this longer perspective, relations between the central State and the regional elites, as well as the dynamics of capital concerning Amazonian resources appear to be central.By relying on a multiplicity of sources – from the gray literature produced by the State, through the archives of the repression, and the textual production of social movements– this study reflects on the Tucuruí experience as a nodal point in the modification of Amazonian rivers and also on the planned State action for the region. As the construction progressed as the first large dam in the world built in a rainforest, it triggered a strong opposition because of ecological uncertainties, social injustices and political controversies surrounding its implementation. This process takes place and is created in a setting where multiple temporalities and scales intersect in the production of the Amazon as subject to state control, capitalist interests, economic and technical rationalities, symbolic imaginaries, geopolitical issues, social movements, but also biophysical and hydrological processes. Finally, it is a reflection on the place of Tucuruí in the legacy of the military dictatorship in the Amazon, as a model for major developments operated in the region thereafter
Allard, Aude. "La planification environnementale, entre archétype et prototype des mutations du droit public." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPASH011.pdf.
Full textPraised by recent political discourse, environmental planning is a practice that has been used in environmental law since the late 1960s. It generally takes the form of plans, maps or schemes responsible for organizing - in the medium or long run - the protection of the natural environment and its resources, the protection of the landscape or the prevention of risks and nuisances. Today, these "planning documents" constitute an important part of public action in environmental matters.Despite this omnipresence, on the political scene as much as in law, environmental planning is an object with vague legal contours, whose place and role within public policies remain poorly defined. This thesis therefore proposes the definition of a reading grid that will allow to understand the fundamental issues at stake: beyond the identification of the common denominators of all environmental documents, this research endeavors to place environmental planning in its political and legal environment, as well as in its historical, social and economic context.It is through this contextualization exercise that it becomes possible to go beyond the possible criticisms of its contemporary use, and to place environmental planning at the heart of the changes in public law. Through a cross-cutting analysis - which requires to place the focus at the crossroads of environmental law, administrative law, local government law, as well as administrative science and economics - it appears that it reflects the tensions, the challenges, but also the paradoxes, that have been present in public authorities since the end of the Second World War: both a prototype and an archetype of contemporary developments in public law, environmental planning can be read as the receptacle of the legal changes begun in France during the “Trente Glorieuses”, but also as a laboratory for the institutional and legal transformations that characterize France, which must manage economic, social, and now ecological crises
Nguyen, Van Quan. "Cartographie d'un environnement sonore par un robot mobile." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0172/document.
Full textRobot audition provides hearing capability for robots and helps them explore and understand their sound environment. In this thesis, we focus on the task of sound source localization for a single or multiple, intermittent, possibly moving sources using a mobile robot and exploiting robot motion to improve the source localization. We propose a Bayesian filtering framework to localize the position of a single, intermittent, possibly moving sound source. This framework jointly estimates the source location and its activity over time and is applicable to any micro- phone array geometry. Thanks to the movement of the robot, it can estimate the distance to the source and solve the front-back ambiguity which appears in the case of a linear microphone array. We propose two implementations of this framework based on an extended mixture Kalman filter (MKF) and on a particle filter, that we compare in terms of performance and computation time. We then extend our model to the context of multiple, intermittent, possibly moving sources. By implementing an extended MKF with joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF), we can jointly estimate the locations of two sources and their activities over time. Lastly, we make a contribution on long-term robot motion planning to optimally reduce the uncertainty in the source location. We define a cost function with two alternative criteria: the Shannon entropy or the standard deviation of the estimated belief. These entropies or standard deviations are integrated over time with a discount factor. We adapt the Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) method for efficiently finding the optimal robot motion that will minimize the above cost function. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other robot motion planning methods for robot audition in the long run
Mai, Anh. "Les conséquences sur les performances humaines du redesign organisationnel dans un contexte de changement institutionnel : le cas du Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100209.
Full textOrganizational redesign has become a never- never land of proliferating metaphors and methods. It has been a strategic choice for organizations to deal with the uncertainties of their external environment. It is also set for facing human constraints and problems of employee integration so that the organizations can maintain and promote the motivation and performance of their employees. It seems that these two approaches of organizational redesign, when employed separately, are not able to meet the actually increasing number of questions emanating from this process. This is because each approach is only conceptualized for a unique context. This thesis proposes an integrated approach for organizational redesign responding to both external and internal needs of the organizations. The conceptual model is built based on the relationships among four main variables: institutional environment, organizational redesign, motivation, and human performance. It employs the research methodologies of case study (5 cases) and of survey method (157 usable responses) on 40 Vietnamese state-owned enterprises for the test of the research model
Bascourret, Jean-Marc. "L'intégration de la protection de l'environnement dans la gestion de l'entreprise : analyses et répercussions stratégiques : étude sur le secteur des fabricants de peintures et vernis en France." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11011.
Full textIntegration of environment preservation in firm management is enrolled in a double analytical view : either by the "external" way, that is to by learning on environmental rules setting, or by the "internal" way, integrating ecological requirement in its strategic reflexion. Our research deals with strategic repercussions of these two ways for the firm. "External" integration, built on taxation-subvention mechanisms (which come from internalization of environment externalities) and on overstepping procedures of simple reglementary conformity, is managed by public authorities for a specific aim : to orient firm management toward more environmental integration. Then, we lay down this problem : may be, the firm does a specific strategic reading about environmental rules. "Internal" integration is done at the stratégic reflexion level of the firm. It lays on environmental information system and more or less planned strategic reflexion process. The aim of these tools is to allow the development of ecologic behavior in firm. To this point, we found necessary to ask what is reality, and how firm reacts towards available tools. To answer these question, an empirical ananlysis was realiezd : a study on 65 french paint and varnish manufacturers and three post-test lead to two conclusions. First, in a "external"integration way, firms do have an indirect strategic reading of environmental rules. Second, in an "internal" integration way, strategic reflexion does not lean on planned systems, but however, they are not rejected. Firms retain reactive and preactive behaviors, wich are strategic orientations they want to find in reflexion processes
Le, Gloannec Simon. "Contrôle adaptatif d'un agent rationnel àressources limitées dans un environnement dynamique et incertain." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157545.
Full textrationnel et autonome. Le travail consiste à élaborer un système de
contrôle intelligent pour un agent évoluant dans un environnement
incertain. L'agent doit pouvoir contrôler sa consommation de ressources
au cours d'une mission prédéfinie. La première partie de cette thèse
introduit le concept de planification sous incertitude. Une présentation
des processus décisionnels de Markov (MDP) précède un état de l'art sur
les techniques de résolution de MDP de grande taille.
Ce système de contrôle de ressources s'appuie sur le raisonnement
progressif. Le raisonnement progressif permet de modéliser un ensemble
de tâches sous forme d'unités de raisonnement progressif (ou PRUs).
Chaque PRU définit des niveaux de réalisation pour une tâche donnée,
donnant lieu à des qualités croissantes de réalisation. Chaque niveau
est lui-même composé de modules dont un seul sera retenu pour sa
réalisation. Choisir un module plutôt qu'un autre permet à l'agent de
faire un compromis entre la qualité de la tâche accomplie et les
ressources consommées.
Cette thèse présente deux extensions du raisonnement progressif : la
prise en compte de ressources multiples et l'adaptation à un changement
de mission. Premièrement, des algorithmes sont présentés pour faire face
à l'explosion combinatoire due à l'introduction de nouvelles ressources.
Deuxièmement, l'élaboration d'un algorithme d'approximation de fonction
de valeur permet d'obtenir rapidement un système de contrôle pour
s'adapter à un éventuel changement de mission. Une expérience est
finalement menée sur un robot réel qui contre ses ressources grâce au
raisonnement progressif.
Lenoir, Arnaud. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la planification de production à moyen terme en environnement incertain : application de méthodes de décomposition proximales : Arnaud Lenoir." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21875.
Full textKootbally, Zeïd. "Prédiction des positions de véhicules autonomes dans un environnement routier dynamique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS064.
Full textThe goal of autonomous vehicles research is to build physical systems that can move purposefully and without human intervention in static and dynamic environments, and also in known, partially known and unknown environments. The field of autonomous vehicles is continuing to gain traction both with researchers and practitioners. Funding for research in this area has continued to grow over the past few years, and recent high profile funding opportunities have started to push theoretical research efforts into practical use. Before releasing any autonomous vehicle in the real world, it is important to model the components within a simulated environment and assess the performance of the vehicles in the virtual world. We present the PRIDE framework (Prediction In Dynamic Environments), a hierarchical multiresolutional approach for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE is based upon the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) and provides information to planners at the level of granularity that is appropriate for their planning horizon. The lower levels of the framework utilize estimation theoretic short-term predictions based upon an extended Kalman filter with an associated confidence measure. The upper levels utilize a probabilistic prédiction approach based upon situation recognition with an underlying cost model that provides predictions that incorporate environmental information and constraints. PRIDE is run in the systems' world model independently of the planner and the control system and has knowledge of the road structures via a road network database. The results of the prediction are made available to a planner to allow it to make accurate plans in dynamic environments. We have applied this approach to the visualization tool AutoSim and later on to the MOAST/USARSim framework which incorporates the physics, kinematics and dynamics of vehicles involved in traffic scenarios
Fouossong, nguetoum Laetitia. "Stratégie d’entreprise et partenariats innovants pour le développement durable : un guide pour la construction d’une stratégie d’entreprise responsable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV071.
Full textAn increasing number of organizations want to commit fully to a more sustainable practice of business, and attempt to profoundly change the way they operate. For those, it is the assumption of the work that the whole society has a duty to implement measures, attitudes and initiatives that will foster the change of behavior and practice. While people steeply increase their demand for responsible practice and governments draw boundaries within which to operate, this work contributes to fulfilling the academia’s duty, by offering guidance to organizations on how to move out of business – as - usual to create and appropriate a corporate strategy that integrates sustainability considerations. For the purpose, it investigates how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability considerations into their inner corporate strategy, and identifies new resources, processes and incentives that can foster the change towards a more responsible practice of business