Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Planification cognitive'
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Gaillard, François. "Approche cognitive pour la planification de trajectoire sous contraintes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839372.
Full textPauchet, Alexandre. "Modélisation cognitive d'interactions humainesdans un cadre de planification multi-agents." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125259.
Full textLes protocoles collectés au cours de cette expérimentation ont été analysés du point de vue de la planification et du point de vue des interactions. Ainsi, un modèle de la planification humaine et un modèle de l'interaction humaine ont pu être conçus.
Ces deux modèles sont intégrés de façon homogène à une nouvelle architecture d'agent appelée BDIGGY. Parmi les modèles d'agents existants, le modèle BDI (Belief, Desire, Intention) offre un cadre intéressant pour la conception d'agents délibératifs capables de planifier et
d'interagir selon leurs états mentaux. Ainsi, l'architecture BDIGGY est née d'une fusion entre le système IGGY (un système pré-existant de planification humaine) et une architecture BDI étendue à la résolution coopérative de problèmes.
Le modèle de l'interaction humaine introduit dans BDIGGY est sur deux niveaux :
1. il s'appuie sur la théorie des actes de langage pour modéliser les énoncés, à l'aide d'un ensemble de performatives (comme c'est le cas dans les ACL classiques) appliquées à des états mentaux ;
2. il utilise un modèle du discours, représenté par des automates temporisés, pour décrire la dynamique des conversations humaines, en remplacement des protocoles de communication jugés trop rigides.
Les niveaux de l'énoncé et du discours sont liés par une sémantique des performatives. Cette sémantique décrit les pré-conditions et les post-conditions portant sur les états mentaux des agents, à la réception et à l'envoi de messages.
Dans BDIGGY, l'interaction, la planification et les connaissances s'entrelacent grâce auxconcepts BDI.
L'architecture BDIGGY est validée en comparant au cours d'un test "à la Turing", les protocoles expérimentaux provenant de l'expérimentation psychologique et les protocoles générés par des agents BDIGGY, durant une simulation de la résolution du problème.
Grunder, Olivier. "Apport de la modélisation cognitive à la planification de projets." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2004.
Full textChalmé, Sébastien. "Aspects cognitifs de la planification d'itinéraires urbains." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112091.
Full textThis thesis in Cognitive Science aims at both identifying the cognitive processes involved in route planning and providing ergonomic specifications for navigational systems dedicated to support drivers route planning. We conducted two experiments in which participants were asked to plan an itinerary through an extended modem city environment, in which they were expected to complete 14 tasks with spatial constraints and some with temporal constraints. We analysed if participants mental representations and strategies were affected by specific environment knowledge (we considered two groups : persons with and persons without specific environment knowledge), tasks being constrained temporally (presence or absence of temporal constraints), and planning duration (short or long). Participants with knowledge tend to reduce the cognitive cost of plan execution, not that of planning. They tend to consider the spatial aspect of the problem (definition of routes to follow in function of the urban network) before its temporal aspects (respect of the temporal constraints). They tend to apply a travel time optimisation and to take into account numerous additional constraints in order to define a realistic plan. Participants without knowledge tend to reduce the cognitive cost of planning, as they aim to solve the problem as quickly as possible. They tend to consider the temporal aspects of the problem before its spatial aspect and to apply a travel distance optimisation. However, confronted with tasks without temporal constraints, with a long planning duration and provided with precisions on the urban network, they tend to integrate the urban network constraints in the development of a global solution of their journey, as do persons with knowledge. On the basis of these results and of an ergonomic analysis of navigational and planning aid systems, we formulate some ideas with respect to onboard navigational aid systems that might support drivers in their planning activities
Pauchet, Alexandre. "Modélisation cognitive d'interactions humaines dans un cadre de planification multi-agents." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132017.
Full textFernandez, Davila Jorge Luis. "Planification cognitive basée sur la logique : de la théorie à l'implémentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2022. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5491/.
Full textIn this thesis, we introduced a cognitive planning framework that can be used to endow artificial agents with the necessary skills to represent and reason about other agents' mental states. Our cognitive planning framework is based on an NP-fragment of an epistemic logic with a semantics exploiting belief bases and whose satisfiability problem can be reduced to SAT. We detail the set of translations for the reduction of our fragment to SAT. In addition, we provide complexity results for checking satisfiability of formulas in our NP-fragment. We define a general architecture for the cognitive planning problem. Afterward, we define two types of planning problem: informative and interrogative, and we find the complexity of finding a solution for the cognitive planning problem in both cases. Furthermore, we illustrated the potential of our framework for applications in human-machine interaction with the help of two examples in which an artificial agent is expected to interact with a human agent through dialogue and to persuade the human to behave in a certain way. Moreover, we introduced a formalization of simple cognitive planning as a quantified boolean formula (QBF) with an optimal number of quantifiers in the prefix. The model for cognitive planning was implemented. We describe how to represent and generate the belief base. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the machine performs the reasoning process to find a sequence of speech acts intended to induce a potential intention in the human agent. The implemented system has three main components: belief revision, cognitive planning, and the translator module. These modules work integrated to capture the human agent's beliefs during the human-machine interaction process and generate a sequence of speech acts to achieve a persuasive goal. Finally, we present an epistemic language to represent the beliefs and actions of an artificial player in the context of the board game Yokai. The cooperative game Yokai requires a combination of theory of mind (ToM), temporal and spatial reasoning for an artificial agent to play effectively. We show that the language properly accounts for these three dimensions and that its satisfiability problem is NP-complete. We implement the game and perform experiments to compare the cooperation level between agents when they try to achieve a common goal by analyzing two scenarios: when the game is played between a human and the artificial agent versus when two humans play the game
Guérin, Clément. "Gestion de contraintes et expertise dans les stratégies d'ordonnancement." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20025/document.
Full textOnly a few research works in psychology are devoted to scheduling, for example about planning tasks, workers and machines occupation in the shop. In the literature, schedulers are mainly described from the procedural viewpoint. For describing scheduling activity, we adopted the complementary representational viewpoints in terms of constraints management. Two scheduling situations have been studied: timetabling and industrial scheduling. By comparing novices and experts, we observed that the latter used constraints visible on the timetable or on the Gantt chart, to solve the scheduling problem. Moreover, experts used a higher level of abstraction than novices in the control of processing. Finally, we highlighted the similarities and differences between industrial scheduling and timetabling. In addition, we conducted a multidisciplinary study from a previous work in the field of operational research by evaluating a scheduling tool. We investigated the effect of the mutual control modality on human scheduling decisions, and the management of breakdowns risks in a shop by schedulers
Giovannangeli, Christophe. "Navigation bio-mimétique autonome en environnements intérieurs et extérieurs : apprentissage sensori-moteur et planification dans un cadre interactif." Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/07CERG0346.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at highlighting how the interplay between robotics and the sciences of the living can promote both the understanding the cerebral circuitry and the achievment of very robust algorithms for robotics. The problem of the development of a neural achitecture, inspired by neurobiological models of the cerebral circuitry, for autonomous navigation of mobile robots in unknown indoor and outdoor environments, is adressed. A localization system based on a model of purely visual place-cells is presented. The place-cells enable to learn reactive sensory-motor behavior and planning behavior. The system is able to learn behavioral tasks autonomously or by interacting with a human teacher. An orientation system, merging a visual compass and path integration information, will also be proposed. The possible interactions between sensory-motor and planning strategies will be debated. Finally, issues on the autonomy of the learning in robot will be adressed: A metacontrol architecture which gives self-evaluation capabilities by analyzing the learning progress will be presented
Fadier-Salice, Gwenaëlle. "Etude des fonctions exécutives sur une population de seniors." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20005.
Full textActually, the executive functions have got an increased central role in the models of cognition (system attentionnel of supervision; Norman and Shallice, 1980 or central executive of the working memory ; Baddeley, 1986). The efficacity of these high level cognitive processes, whose principal function is the adaptation to the novelty, classically reserved for the frontal lobes (Stuss, 1992), decreases with the age. The performance evaluation to 11 executive tasks of a sample of 94 old people from 45 to 98 years confirms the deterioration of the executive performances with the age, and shows a modest stability of those between the two occasions of measurement. Although empirically different, the executive processes of planning, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility are correlated, and in relation to general intellectual efficiency. We defend the idea of a de-differentiation of the cognitive processes at the old people (Li, 2002). The negative effect of the age on the efficacity of a general cognitive system which one would measure various components would be mitigated by a significant level of schooling
Sanabria, Rangel José Mauricio. "Réévaluation de l'approche cognitive du changement stratégique, une étude des mutations des facultés de management colombiennes : 2007-2012." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0501.
Full textThis research “problematizes”, as per Alvesson & Sandberg (2011), a space in literature, which could be identified as the “Cognitive Approach to Strategic Change (CASC)”. The work identifies eight assumptions of this approach and assesses them mainly by using: 1) the “Problematization Methodology” (Alvesson & Sandberg, 2011); 2) an interpretive research design; 3) three discourses (the Stakeholder Theory, the Critical Management Studies and the Constructivist Perspectives); and 4) three devices (the reflexivity, the production of an important empirical material in a field privileged by CASC’s research tradition: The University, and the analytical part of the “Gioia Methodology” [Gioia, Corley & Hamilton, 2013] and the “Situational Analysis” [Clarke, 2005]). As principal result of this work, a methodology is developed, complementary to that of The Problematization, called “Distillation Methodology”, and the thesis that “the assumptions underlying the CASC strongly limit its present and future development possibilities. The reconsideration of these assumptions can allow wider, productive and pertinent progresses of its research program and a greater impact of this approach on the fields in which it is involved and/or with which it interacts” is supported »
Michelet, Thomas. "Contribution à l'étude du cortex cingulaire antérieur dans la planification de l'action et l'adaptation comportementale : une approche électrophysiologique du rôle de l'aire 24c chez le primate." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21304.
Full textThe understanding of how motivation and cognition interact in the process of decisionmaking is a major issue in Neuroscience. Imaging studies suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in this computational function. The ACC is particularly involved in situations requiring-conflict monitoring and error-detection in an emotional context. However, how these functions are processed at the neuronal level remains largely unknown. The goal of this thesis project was to study the properties of area 24c (within the dorsal ACC) in the context of such processes in monkeys. To this end, we use a non-verbal form of the stroop-test which is adaptable in both species. Such a task makes it possible to investigate several motivational and cognitive aspects of action planning (attention, reward-prediction, conflict monitoring, decision-making, evaluation of performances). The main question was to know whether neuronal activity is more particularly influenced by certain components of the task. First, this categorization of neuronal activity according to epoch allowed us to infer a role in the monitoring and correcting behavioural errors. Second, our results emphazise the role of cingulate neurons in decision making processes. Last, we found a surprising discrepancy between the large polyphasicy and the relative monotony of neuronal responses. This suggests that almost the whole monotonous responses serve in the construction of a few original encoding properties
Bootz, Jean-Philippe. "Prospective appliquée : création de connaissances et apprentissage organisationnel : construction d'un modèle explicatif fondé sur une approche cognitive." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0552.
Full textThis exploratory work focuses on the analyse of cognitive dimensions of “prospective stratégique” learning through the construction of a typology. This reinterpretation of the foresight practices in the light of the organizational learning theories constitutes on the one hand, a grid of reading making it possible for practionneers to conceive and lead processes adapted to the various organizations needs by taking into account their implicit cognitive dimensions. It allows in addition, to stress that beyond its traditional role of decision’s help, “prospective” is also able to be regarded as a knowledge management and change drive tool
Verstraete, Thierry. "Modélisation de l'organisation initiée par un créateur s'inscrivant dans une logique d'entrepreunariat persistant : les dimensions cognitive, praxéologique et structurale de l'organisation entrepreunariale." Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50374-1997-219.pdf.
Full textHirel, Julien. "Codage hippocampique par transitions spatio-temporelles pour l'apprentissage autonome de comportements dans des tâches de navigation sensori-motrice et de planification en robotique." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660862.
Full textEstival, Séverine. "Apport de la psychologie cognitive à l’élaboration d’un programme de remédiation de la planification pour des patients atteints du syndrome de Prader-Willi. : Étude de ses effets en termes de développement des capacités exécutives et d'adaptation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0328.
Full textPrader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with behavioural (obsession with food, emotional lability) and cognitive disorders. Pathology is usually associated with low intellectual level as well as impaired executive functioning. Patients have a particular deficit in the planning function, which leads to difficulties in anticipating and organising their actions. The purpose of cognitive remediation is to propose training exercises or compensatory techniques to overcome these difficulties. One of the objectives of this thesis was to develop a cognitive remediation program for the planning function as a high-level executive function for adults with PWS, using knowledge of executive functioning. Another objective was to evaluate the feasibility of such a program for a population with an intellectual deficit, as in the PWS. Finally, the last objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of this planning remediation program, as well as the effect of training this function on other executive functions (updating, switching and inhibition). A randomised double-blind controlled trial was performed on the performance of an experimental group (n = 27) and a control group (n = 26) to meet these objectives. A single-case experimental design was later conducted on 4 patients to evaluate the effects of a more sustained intervention. Overall, the results showed the feasibility of the cognitive remediation program for adults with PWS. Patients’ planning performance, assessed through neuropsychological tests, qualitative measures, and repeated quantitative measures, improved after the intervention. The evaluation of the other executive functions did not show any significant evolution, not allowing to conclude on their links with the planning function in patients with PWS. Finally, this work has shown the importance of using a program adapted to the population of interest to allow a better understanding of the challenges of cognitive remediation and involve patients in their rehabilitation, with varied and personalised methods to evaluate its effectiveness
Ailhaud, Emilie. "Etude des processus rédactionnels d'un texte : les données temporelles comme indices de la gestion des unités de production." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2161/document.
Full textThis research aims to study cognitive processes involved when adolescents produce texts, in a developmental perspective. It will be study how syntactic connectivity and cohesion are elaborated, through the analysis of pauses, writing rate and revisions. Furthermore, types of writers will be characterized by their writing fluency. Psycho-cognitive tests will be used to explore inter-individual variations. At least we will define coherence’s features and types of writers associated to papers judged as well-written
Kanellaki-Agathos, Sophie. "Planification et organisation d'action chez l'enfant : /." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080868.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the planing and the organisation of the action that children of 3 to 7 years old, use to solve two types of problems : a) the ones called and b) complexed problems. The material used was that of the hanoi tower and its various versions. The study of the simulation of the individual protocols gave us the chance of testing a model cognitive fonctioning of the solving, based on the notion of constraint. Our results show that : 1) the model proposed by us is valid ; 2) children can plan their actions in the problems called ; 3) the planing is difficult in the hanoi tower problem given that there are particular constraintes on the displacement ; 4) in the case that the constraint of the size does not exist anoymore (version of the hanoi tower problem) the organisation of the action is more easy to make
La, Placa Maxime. "Planification automatique pour personnes atteintes d'un déficit cognitif." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4822.
Full textSibony, Olivier. "Comprendre et prévenir l’erreur récurrente dans les processus de décision stratégique : l’apport de la Behavioral Strategy." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED039/document.
Full textMany types of strategic decisions result in recurring, systematic errors. Extant theories of organizations are insufficient to account for this phenomenon. Behavioral Strategy suggests that an explanation may be found in the psychology of decision makers, and particularly in their cognitive biases. This, however, calls for a link between individual-level cognition and affects, and organization-level choices. We propose “Strategic Choice Routines” as a middle level of analysis to bridge this gap, and identify three broad types of Strategic Choice Routines.This leads us to formulate hypotheses on how Strategic Choice Routines can be modified to minimize strategic errors. We illustrate these hypotheses through case studies; test some of them quantitatively; and analyze preferences that drive their adoption by executives. Finally, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications
Lacaze-Labadie, Rémi. "Planification et modèle graphique pour la génération dynamique de scénarios en environnements virtuels." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2481/document.
Full textOur work is related to the training of crisis management in virtual environments. The specification of possible unfoldings of events in a simulation is essential for human learning in a virtual environment. This allows both to propose and orchestrate personalized learning situations and also to bring the learner toward relevant and educative scenarios. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the dynamic generation of scenarios and their execution in a virtual environment. For that, we aim at a set of objectives that are often contradictory : the freedom of action of the user, the generation of various scenarios that respect the authorial intent, the narrative control and the capacity of the system to adapt to deviations fromthe learner. The different approaches of interactive storytelling tackle more or less some of these objectives, but it is difficult to satisfy them all, and this is the challenge of our work. In addition to these objectives, we also aim at facilitating the modeling of the narrative content, which is still a real issue today when it comes to model complex environments such as the ones related to crisis management. We propose an emergent approachwhere the scenario experienced by the learner will emerge fromthe interactions between the learner, the virtual characters and our narrative system MENTA. MENTA is in charge of the narrative control by proposing a set of adjustments (over the simulation) that satisfies narrative objectives chosen by the trainer (e. g., a list of specific skills). These adjustments take the form of a prescribed scenario that is generated by MENTA via a planning engine that we have coupled with fuzzy cognitive maps through a macro-operator FRAG. A FRAG is used to model FRAGment of scenario in the form of scripted sequences of actions/events. The originality of our approach relies on a strong coupling between planning and graphical models which preserves the exploration capability and the generative power of a planning engine (which contributes to the generation of various and adaptable scenarios), while facilitating the modeling of narrative content as well as the authorial intent thanks to fragments of scenario that are scripted by the author and used during the planning process. We have worked on a concrete application example of scenarios dealing with the management of a massive influx of victims. Then, we have implemented MENTA and generated scenarios related to this example. Finally, we have tested and analyzed the performance of our system
Pouit, Delphine. "La planification dans la production écrite du texte argumentatif : aspects développementaux." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5018.
Full textPichon, Emmanuel. "Un systeme cognitif d'aide a la decision pour un probleme de planification industrielle." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10019.
Full textGhaya, Houda. "L'implication du conseil d'administration dans le processus stratégique : analyse théorique et étude empirique sur les entreprises du SBF 250." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB011.
Full textOver the past few years, research in corporate governance has devoted an increasing amount of attention to boards of directors’ involvement in the strategic decision making process. This doctoral study aims to understand this phenomenon in the French context. We apprehend it as an intermediate process between its determinant factors (corporate governance system and board characteristics) and its evaluation factors (corporate performance).Therefore, we mobilize a mixed methodological research approach that combines an exploratory qualitative study and a questionnaire survey addressed to managers and directors of the SBF 250 companies.This work shows positive and significant effect of the nationality diversity, the general and interpersonal skills of directors and the strategic committee on board members’ involvement in the strategic process. Moreover, empirical results highlight that board involvement in the process of establishing strategic choices makes an efficient contribution to the firm’s value creation. However, strong board involvement in the implementation and control process has a negative influence on corporate performance. Supported by a typology of board involvement’s forms (or "Boards’ Typical-Profiles"), these results emphasize the importance of directors’ forms of participation in different steps of the strategic process to explain its influence on corporate performance
Valax, Marie-Françoise. "Cadre temporel et planification des tâches quotidiennes : étude de la structure des plans journaliers chez les agriculteurs." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20040.
Full textIn mundane task planning, the difficulties inherent in the organization and performance of acts are emphasized by inconstant situation aspect, that can only be partially anticipated. The reduction of cost linked the anticipation and organizing aspects of planification, involve the use of special knowledge structures which direct collecting and processing data. This thesis relates a special structure of time management, "the temporal frame". Its nature and functions are studied from a structural analysis of anticipated plans and from comparison of correspondent anticipated and executed plans. The experimentation is concerned with a natural situation in which the subjects are "free to manage their time" : the daily organization of tasks among farmers. The thirty-seven experimental subjects had to draw up an anticipated time-table for four consecutive days, in two periods of the year. After this, the subjects had to note their real time-table for the same days. This experimental apparatus permitted has shown that the temporal frame, comprising various temporal frame periods represent a time organization model for the subject, partially instantiable by encasing many frames. The temporal frame can be interpreted as series intersperced with "fixed" sequences, which are reserved for pivot tasks (imperative, continuous and limited, they have a strong)
Petit, Maxime. "Raisonnement et planification développementale d’un robot via une interaction enactive avec un humain." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10037/document.
Full textFrom automata to robots, the Human has always been fascinated by machines which could execute tasks for him, in several domains like industry or services. Indeed, we have used a developmental approach, where the robot has to learn new tasks during his life. Inspired by theories in child development, we have extracted the interesting concepts to implement them on a humanoid robotic platform : the iCub. Language acquisition is a first step, where the capacity to classify closed and opened class words allows to obtain a syntax which help the children to make the link between a sentence and its meaning. This method has been implemented with a recurrent neural network, using a database provided from the human by interaction with the robot. The control of the language allows the children to participate in more complex actions, in particular cooperative tasks, where speech is required to negotiate the learning mode within several modalities. Implemented on the iCub and the Nao, this allows a real-time learning and to realize a shared plan. Eventually, we have studied the functioning of the autobiographical memory, crucial toremember episodes of his life, to extract predictions from and to apply them in the future. By recreating this memory in SQL, and by formatting the data in PDDL, the iCub is then capable of reasoning in function of his own experience, allowing him to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem without knowing the solution before
Chleq, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude du raisonnement temporel : résolution avec contraintes et application à l'abduction en raisonnement temporel." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529412.
Full textLini, Sami. "L’anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique : L’anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14843/document.
Full textCivil aviation pursues the objective of moving people or goods through the air with an optimal level of safety. For more than thirty years, despite a stricter and stricter regulatory framework and highly reliable automation, the ratio between performance and acceptable risk is not improving anymore.Human factors are a major action lever to break this glass floor. In the constrained context of aviation, designing tools aiming at assisting pilots’ cognition is thus a promising direction. Anticipation has been identified central in the process of cognitive resources management. In a human factors engineering approach, we undertook the design of an anticipation support tool involving pilots at each step of the development.From an activity analysis performed on the basis of in-cockpit recordings and interviews we constructed a model of the actual pilots’ activity during the descent and approach phases on Rio de Janeiro airport. The state of the art highlighted the key elements related to anticipation which could take benefit of a preliminary experiment. Experimental results brought together with our hypotheses about how anticipation works completed the requirements of the functional core of our anticipation support tool. A dynamic planning algorithm was then designed and implemented within ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning), Thales Avionics’ proof of concept. 36 commercial pilots took part to its evaluation in a simulated environment
Pendaries, Michel. "Le pilotage par la valeur de la performance des organisations : cas des entreprises gérées par affaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24001/document.
Full textToday, the business affair tends to replace the organization as a unity of activity. It becomes the center of performance and costs management. In the industrial organizations managed by business affair, using a management system of the performance of engineering of business affairs, in terms of creation of value, is a pregnant need expressed by a great number of business engineers. The new term of “piloting” is linked to the rising of constructivist thinking which brings to the fore the function of the actors of the organization in the interpretation and the representation they have of the indicators measurement. To move from control to piloting, we are changing simultaneously of paradigm from measurement to interpretation, and in the meantime from decision to action. In front of conceptual, methodological and temporal limits of the actual cost methods, generally set up in the organizations to manage the process of creation of value, to balance from a cost logic to a value logic, our research suggests substituting the cost management control for the value management control. Our works are based on resources and competences theory, the dynamic capacities approach and the cognitive of value based view in the process of creation of value. The thesis defended is: the global performance of a business affair has to be managed with a single indicator and as a source of creation of value, a Meta Key Performance Indicator (MKPI), which, with the appropriation by the actors of the structural elements (reflexive piloting), transcends the organization and the architecture of the management control system. Our empirical research approach is based on an exploratory case study followed with an engineering research in an industrial firm of the aeronautical sector
Demulier, Virginie. "Les determinants psychologiques de la planification des transitions psychosociales : vers une approche dispositionnelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113001.
Full textPost-transitional adaptation depends on transition planning. However, many people do not plan ahead, exposing themselves to psychological distress following the transition. Thus, this doctoral project thus focuses on mechanisms underlying transition planning and attempts to explain individual differences in terms of planning. More precisely, we support the thesis that dispositional variables determine the processes that explain transition planning. Although personality traits are linked to reactions and adaptation to transition, research evaluating the role of personality in transition planning is lacking. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), Beehr’model (1986), the Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) and the Five Factor Model (Digman, 1990), this doctoral project aims to identify personality factors explaining psychosocial transition planning. It demonstrates that sociocognitive variables contribute to retirement planning from elite sport (study 1). Personality traits influence the planned retirement age from work (study 2). In addition, conscientiousness contributes to career planning among elite athletes through career goals and self-efficacy (study 3). Finally, personality traits predict career planning amongst students (study 4). Overall, this project contributes to highlighting personality traits as determinants of sociocognitive mechanisms of transition planning and further provides a better understanding of processes underlying individual differences in psychosocial transition planning. Finally this doctoral project demonstrates the need to individualize support to better assist individuals in transition preparation
Buendia, Axel. "Une architecture pour la conception de modèles décisionnels : application aux créatures virtuelles dans les jeux vidéos." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112337.
Full textVideo games use more and more Artificial Intelligence. AI gets more CPU time and more space. Some technics, such as neural networks or genetic programming, appear in few original games. Meanwhile, Artificial Life technologies do not really convince video game producers. This thesis propose a new architecture, to produce decision models, used to simulate virtual creatures' behaviors in video games. This architecture matches all video games requirements, and provides the mean to design high level behaviors, from reactive ones, to adaptive and eductive ones. The validity of the architecture is tested during three different main experiences, each one about one of the three cognition levels. The first experience shows three reactive creatures, fleeing a predator and flocking. In the second one, an hexapod learns to walk, adapting its motion controller during its move. The last experience shows a bot building a model of the level it is in, and using its model to plan its moves
Mercuri, Sylvaine. "Instrumentalisation de la Responsabilite Sociale de l'Entreprise par les middle managers : le cas de MEDIAPOST." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30047.
Full textChange cannot be decided, it must be managed. Following a gradual process, many studies in corporate governance and strategic management give a key role to middle managers, since those actors do more than transferring organizational skills: they help to define them for better performances. This literature gets along with studies on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and those related to cognitive aspects when it comes to corporate governance. In fact, CSR provides an ideal environment for middle managers to approach top management. Such question implies a particular focus on actors and their power at the same time that it considers the concepts of legitimacy and urgency (Mitchell et al. 1997).This approach allows understanding daily tensions and how they are managed through dynamic and cognitive aspects.In the present research, middle managers appear as manipulators who are able to activate relational levers (power, legitimacy and urgency). By studying how those actors guide the CSR policy in their daily practice, it is possible to understand how they progress within the core of organizational strategy. This work is based on an exploratory study and a single case study about MEDIAPOST (a subsidiary of La Poste Group specialized in non-addressed mail), which is complemented by a partial focus on four major companies (Schneider Electric, Michelin, GDF Suez and Saint Gobain). By doing so, this research examines the relations systems within a constantly changing model and proposes a typology of middle managers and their manipulation types: a strategic driver, a strategic defender, a strategic facilitator and a strategic negotiator (or facilitator) according to three degrees of manipulation (zero, partial and strong)
Petit, Maxime. "Raisonnement et planification développementale d'un robot via une interaction enactive avec un humain." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015288.
Full textSaint, Giniez Véronique de. "Les mécanismes d'attribution du potentiel d'évolution des cadres : validation d'un modèle simplifié du processus cognitif." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32012.
Full textNowadays, the rising trend concerning the planification of human resources consists in studying areas of mobility of an individual, while respecting his professional project. The concept of potential can be helpful and useful for that purpose. It suggests that a global analysis of the individual enables to consider a range of career paths wider than those which would appear if only the competencies were taken into account. Many tools have been developed to evaluate the potential of an employee. In france, it's most commun to trust the opinion of the hierarchy. The managers are asked to predict the level and style of function their subordonate can reach at a given time. The purpose of that research is to determine the cognitive process used by those evaluators. 44 managers working in eight big french firms were questioned about it. The answers show that risk is at the heart of the decision process. Managers tend to adopt strategies that minimize this risk. They implicate other managers, transfer the responsability of the evaluation on the person evaluated, valorize a few criteria which present one or more of the following characteristics : objectivity, easy evaluation or accuracy. All those conclusions enable us to propose a model of the cognitive process used. This model has been partially validated with an experimental design
MADEIRA, RAMITOS CELIA FISCHER GUSTAVE NICOLAS. "LE PROCESUS PSYCHO-COGNITIF DE DECISION LE PARTENARIAT EUROPEEN ENTRE PME /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Madeira_Ramitos.Celia.LMZ9912_1.pdf.
Full textFonrouge, Cécile. "De l'entrepreneur à l'entreprise : exploration de l'influence des facteurs individuels d'ordre cognitif sur la formation des stratégies des entreprises nouvellement créees." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40042.
Full textRakotondravoavy, Yannick. "Convergences et tensions autour d’un artefact cognitif : deux études de cas longitudinales de l’usage du business model dans les partenariats public privé de R&D." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV060.
Full textThe main objective of the thesis consists into the study of convergences and tensions in the interplay between value co-creation and strategic planning in public private R&D partnerships. Two in-depth longitudinal case studies are used to investigate the usefulness of the business model as a cognitive artifact enhancing the partners to collaborate on designing, articulating and implementing collective strategic choices of R&D outcomes. Data were gathered on two collaborative partnerships among two French Clusters (pôles de compétitivité) Movéo and Systematic. Methodology design employed a triangulation strategy based on both qualitative and quantitative methods (interviews and survey-based, structured methods of scenarios screening, participatory and qualitative methods of information gathering – project’s journals and meeting analysis). Based on internal validity, we have pointed out some issues in the management of inter-organizational relationships and networks regarding the process of how value can be created in strategic project management practices in public private R&D partnerships with these innovative clusters
Lafon, Matthieu. "Navigation humaine dans des environnements complexes : contribution des indices kinesthésiques en effet d'a priori." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066612.
Full textGirault, François. "L'environnement comme espace de cognition dans les systèmes multi-agents." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2070.
Full textKlinger, Evelyne. "Apports de la réalité virtuelle à la prise en charge de troubles cognitifs et comportementaux." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161903.
Full textLes technologies de la réalité virtuelle offrent de nouveaux moyens d'évaluer et de réhabiliter les fonctions cognitives. Elles permettent de surmonter certaines difficultés inhérentes aux méthodes traditionnelles et proposent des solutions plus adaptées. Typiquement, les tâches « papier-crayon » sont remplacées par des mises en situation proches des activités de la vie quotidienne. La contribution de cette recherche concerne ainsi l'adéquation de l'approche réalité virtuelle au diagnostic et à la thérapie, et les apports conséquents.
Deux thèmes, encore peu investigués, ont retenu notre attention : le traitement de la phobie sociale en psychiatrie, et l'évaluation de la planification de l'action en neuropsychologie. La recherche que nous avons menée a ainsi visé deux objectifs. Le premier a été de concevoir deux applications fondées sur la réalité virtuelle concernant ces deux thèmes et d'en évaluer la faisabilité. Le second a été de dégager les apports de la réalité virtuelle à la prise en charge de dysfonctionnements de l'individu.
La création et la mise en place d'une thérapie de la phobie sociale fondée sur la réalité virtuelle a soulevé différents enjeux : créer des situations d'interaction sociale suscitant des réactions émotionnelles chez des patients phobiques sociaux ; investiguer les différentes facettes de la phobie sociale. Les résultats de l'étude clinique menée auprès de patients phobiques sociaux ont conclu à l'efficacité de la thérapie par réalité virtuelle.
La conception d'un système virtuel dédié à la prise en charge de dysfonctionnements cognitifs de l'individu nous a conduits à aborder l'évaluation de la planification de l'action. Elle est fondée sur la création d'une tâche de planification et d'un environnement virtuel dits écologiques. L'application s'est déroulée dans le contexte du vieillissement et de la maladie de Parkinson. L'étude menée auprès de patients parkinsoniens laisse entrevoir la pertinence et les potentialités de l'utilisation de la réalité virtuelle.
Les expérimentations menées nous permettent ainsi de dégager les apports de la réalité virtuelle dans la prise en charge de troubles cognitifs et comportementaux. Les apports tels que le contrôle des stimuli, la flexibilité, etc. ouvrent la voie à de nouveaux thèmes de réflexion concernant la place de la réalité virtuelle dans le processus clinique.
Lamarche, Fabrice. "Humanoïdes virtuels, réaction et cognition : une architecture pour leur autonomie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432175.
Full textBillard, Pauline. "Cοmparative study οf episοdic memοry in cοmmοn cuttlefish (Sepia οfficinalis) and Εurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) Cuttlefish retrieve whether they smelt or saw a previously encountered item A new paradigm for assessing discriminative learning and incidental encoding of task-irrelevant contextual cues in Eurasian jays Cuttlefish show flexible and future-dependent foraging cognition Exploration of future-planning in the common cuttlefish Neuronal substrates of episodic-like memory in cuttlefish." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC227.
Full textSome authors support that mental time travel is unique to humans. To their point of view, animals are not able to project themselves into the past of the future because they are bound into the present. Nevertheless, during the last 30 years, researchers have brought considerable knowledge on animals’ capacities to travel mentally through time. Even though opinions have evolved, the debate concerning the unicity of mental time travel is still on. My PhD thesis aimed at bringing further knowledge on this matter by focusing on an innovative aspect of episodic cognition in common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis and Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius, namely, source-memory. Source-memory is the capacity to retrieve the origin of an episodic memory. Results showed that cuttlefish were able to perform a source-discrimination study, revealing that they were able to discriminate and retrieve their own perceptions after 3-hours delay. A study on jays’ capacity to encode incidentally a contextual information (contextual source) revealed unexpected differences between males and females. Investigation of future-oriented behaviour in cuttlefish showed that they were able to take a decision in the present according to previous encoded knowledge and according to future experimental conditions. A preliminary study also revealed promising results on cuttlefish capacity to anticipate their future needs. To finish, we explored and revealed for the first time the neuronal substrates of episodic-like memory in cuttlefish. Alltogether, these results provide new knowledge on mental time travel in cuttlefish and in jays, suggesting that this capacity would have evolved under different environmental contraints
Rakotomena, Mialy. "Les liens d'influence des déterminants de la compétence interculturelle individuelle : cas des dirigeants étrangers à Madagascar : approche par les cartes cognitives." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20149.
Full textMazouz, Bachir. "La part des styles conjecturaux de décision dans l'évolution des firmes : Une approche empirique de la dynamique des firmes à travers des apports des théories de la décision et de la cognition humaine appliquées aux organisations." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-219.pdf.
Full textVachon, Marc. "Maîtriser les stratégies de décision : positionnement prescriptif, ébauche et test d'un modèle-outil d'aide à la résolution de problèmes pour les dirigeants des organisations." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3035/document.
Full textInefficiency of decision process exists and is characterised by:- simple loop learning,- strictly limited rationality,- and hidden costs of the decision process.The inefficiency of decision process is due to a dysfunction of managers’ competence, who:- lose their decision marks,- lack reflexivity,- use Decision Strategies in beneficial and toxic way, such as:· lack of contradictory mindset (strongly validated hypothesis),· lack of perfectionism (weakly validated hypothesis).To increase the efficiency of decision process, managers should master DecisionStrategies, by using a problem solving support Model-Tool, integrator-facilitator ofDecision Strategies steering, and endowed with PPPERFFS qualities:- "Practical",- "Paradoxical",- "Polyvalent / Exhaustive" (Multi-Skilled / Comprehensive),- "Rapid / Fluent" (Fast / Easy)- "Faithfull" (Reliable),- "Schematic" (Diagrammatic).This Model-Tool has to be drafted and its performance has to be tested.[This has been done:]The drafted PPPERFFS Model-Tool itemises 36 Decision Strategies into the followingcategories: managerial Domains, cognitive Postures and cognitive Mechanisms. Firsttests demonstrate a contingent performance
Madeira, Ramitos Celia. "Le processus psycho-cognitif de décision : le partenariat européen entre PME." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Madeira_Ramitos.Celia.LMZ9912_1.pdf.
Full textThe main question of this study is : which psycho-cognitif process influence of the PME's leader decision to invest on the entreprises partnership, based on other european countries. The considered variables in the study of this sort of question are in one hand, the individual characteristics of those enterprises. That search is connected both to the organizational behaviour domain, in terms of interfirms relations and the decision process that leads the enterprises to developp by external grouth or in partnership. It evolves two main parts : one theoretical that delineates the theoretical slate on the subject ; and the other essentialy empiric and exploratory, that describes and analyses the decision systems of partnership of the participant PME to the Europartnership in Clermont in october 1997 and in Europartnership in Lisbon in november 1995. The study aims the validation of a search instrument measure the entrepreneurial orientation of cooperative decision in PME leaders
Guerin, Clément. "Gestion de contraintes et expertise dans les stratégies d'ordonnancement." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744251.
Full textBollon, Thierry. "Essai de modélisation du fonctionnement cognitif de l'opérateur : le cas des machines-outils conventionnelle et à commande numérique." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE29020.
Full textThis work is an approach of the cognitive funcioning of operators working on machine-tools and in particular on lathes. As theoretical frame we take the information processing pattern. In our experiments we compare the behaviour of novice and expert subjects working wether on manual or computer drived machines. We also present an experimentation in which the novices working help that allow them to give answers equivalent to those of experts. The overall results are interpreted using an adaptation of rasmussen model. This fonctionnal model is completed by adjonction of a long term memory and a working memory. In our interpretation, the rule-based behaviour level intefrates the schematas as knowledge representation format. Experience is defined as the ability to evocate and transform plans stored in long terme memory. Our results allow us to state that experts have a cognitive functioning mainly centered on rule based behaviours. Novices process situation onformations by setting up the level of knowledge based behaviours, conducing to a higher processing load and more mistakes. This adaptation of rasmussen model allow us to describe more complex process of bottom-up and up-bottom planifications than those proposed by this author
Mohamed, El Sayed Abdel-Ghany Shaaban. "Planification d'un programme proposé pour développer quelques compétences de lecture chez les étudiants de la 3e année, Faculté de pédagogie, Université de Tanta et son influence sur leurs attitudes envers la lecture." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1532.
Full textQuesnot, Dominique. "Spécification d'interfaces homme-machine et prototypage." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL027N.
Full textLasselin, Julie. "L’inflammation chronique à bas bruit et ses relations avec la fatigue et les altérations cognitives chez les patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22001/document.
Full textCytokines produced during the activation of the immune system have the ability to act within the central nervous system and to induce a large number of behavioral alterations. When the activation of immune system becomes chronic and unregulated, these behavioral alterations may lead to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms that develop in conditions of chronic low-grade inflammation context (i.e., characterized by a chronic but low activation of inflammatory processes), remains unknown. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of low-grade inflammation in the development of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. These conditions are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, manifesting by higher blood concentrations of inflammatory factors. This inflammatory state would originate, at least partially, from the adipose tissue. Moreover, fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations are common in metabolic disorders. Given the role of inflammation in the physiopathology of these symptoms, their development could also rely on chronic low-grade inflammatory processes. Several objectives were defined to test this hypothesis: 1) to characterize fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in obese and diabetic patients; 2) to assess the relationship of systemic inflammation with the inflammatory state of the adipose tissue; and 3) to investigate the association of low-grade inflammation with fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders. Fatigue symptoms and cognitive function were respectively assessed using the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and the neuropsychological tests automated battery CANTAB in diabetic patients (type 1 and type 2) and in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. A control group was included for each model (obesity and type 2 diabetes). Circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers, as well as expression of inflammatory markers in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients, were measured. Our results indicate that fatigue symptoms, especially in the dimensions of general and physical fatigue, represent fundamental characteristics of patients suffering from metabolic disorders. In addition, cognitive alterations (psychomotor slowing and alterations in spatial planning performance) were measured in type 2 diabetic patients, more particularly those under insulin treatment, and in obese patients. Slight alterations in the test of backward spatial span were measured in obese patients. With respect to biological data, our results indicate significant relationships between systemic inflammation and inflammatory markers (inflammatory cytokines, including MCP1, and T-cell markers) in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients. Interestingly, chronic low-grade inflammation was associated with fatigue symptoms (general fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity and motivation) and performance alterations in tests assessing executive functions. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis of the involvement of the adipose macrophages and T lymphocytes in the systemic inflammatory state associated with obesity. Moreover, these results suggest that systemic low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic disorders may contribute to the physiopathology of fatigue and cognitive alterations in these conditions. In conclusion, these studies provide a precise characterization of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. In addition, this thesis work gives interesting information about the relationships of chronic low-grade inflammation and fatigue and cognitive symptoms, and refines hypotheses regarding the involvement of inflammatory processes in the physiopathology of these symptoms in patients with diabetes or obesity