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Journal articles on the topic 'Planar Shear'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Birshtein, Tatyana M., and Ekatarina B. Zhulina. "Shear of a planar polyelectrolyte brush." Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Theory and Simulations 1, no. 4 (June 1992): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1992.040010401.

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2

Hooshyar, Soroush, and Natalie Germann. "Shear Banding in 4:1 Planar Contraction." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030417.

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We study shear banding in a planar 4:1 contraction flow using our recently developed two-fluid model for semidilute entangled polymer solutions derived from the generalized bracket approach of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In our model, the differential velocity between the constituents of the solution allows for coupling between the viscoelastic stress and the polymer concentration. Stress-induced migration is assumed to be the triggering mechanism of shear banding. To solve the benchmark problem, we used the OpenFOAM software package with the viscoelastic solver RheoTool v.2.0. The convection terms are discretized using the high-resolution scheme CUBISTA, and the governing equations are solved using the SIMPLEC algorithm. To enter into the shear banding regime, the uniform velocity at the inlet was gradually increased. The velocity increases after the contraction due to the mass conservation; therefore, shear banding is first observed at the downstream. While the velocity profile in the upstream channel is still parabolic, the corresponding profile changes to plug-like after the contraction. In agreement with experimental data, we found that shear banding competes with flow recirculation. Finally, the profile of the polymer concentration shows a peak in the shear banding regime, which is closer to the center of the channel for larger inlet velocities. Nevertheless, the increase in the polymer concentration in the region of flow recirculation was significantly larger for the inlet velocities studied in this work. With our two-fluid finite-volume solver, localized shear bands in industrial applications can be simulated.

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3

Craig, I. J. D., and A. N. McClymont. "Shear Wave Dissipation in Planar MagneticX‐Points." Astrophysical Journal 481, no. 2 (June 1997): 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/304082.

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4

Gibson, J. F., and E. Brand. "Spanwise-localized solutions of planar shear flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 745 (March 17, 2014): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.89.

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AbstractWe present several new spanwise-localized equilibrium and travelling-wave solutions of plane Couette and channel flows. The solutions exhibit concentrated regions of vorticity that are centred over low-speed streaks and flanked on either side by high-speed streaks. For several travelling-wave solutions of channel flow, the vortex structures are concentrated near the walls and form particularly isolated and elemental versions of coherent structures in the near-wall region of shear flows. One travelling wave appears to be the invariant solution corresponding to a near-wall coherent structure educed from simulation data by Jeong et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 332, 1997, pp. 185–214) and analysed in terms of transient growth modes of streaky flow by Schoppa & Hussain (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 453, 2002, pp. 57–108). The solutions are constructed by a variety of methods: application of windowing functions to previously known spatially periodic solutions, continuation from plane Couette to channel flow conditions, and from initial guesses obtained from turbulent simulation data. We show how the symmetries of localized solutions derive from the symmetries of their periodic counterparts, analyse the exponential decay of their tails, examine the scale separation and scaling of their streamwise Fourier modes, and show that they develop critical layers for large Reynolds numbers.

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5

Foss, J. F. "Review vorticity considerations and planar shear layers." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 8, no. 3 (April 1994): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(94)90054-x.

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6

Zhang, Hanlei, Hongchao Kou, Xiaolei Li, Bin Tang, and Jinshan Li. "An Atomic Study of Substructures Formed by Shear Transformation in Castγ-TiAl." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/675963.

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Substructures and microsegregation ofγ/γlaths are analyzed with HRTEM and HAADF-STEM. Results show that the substructures are generated during evolution of shear transformation on the(111-)plane ofγlath. At the beginning, shear transformation evolves in a singleγlath, and a superstructure intrinsic stacking fault (SISF) forms in theγlath. After the formation of the SISF, the shear transformation may evolve in two different ways. If the shear transformation evolves into neighboringγlaths, the SISF also penetrates into neighboringγlaths and a ribbon of SISFs forms. If shear transformation continues to evolve in the original lath, complex substructures begin to form in the original. If shear transformation in the original lath is homogeneous and complete, secondary twin forms which may further grow into twin intersection. Incomplete shear transformation could not form secondary twins but generates a high concentration of planar faults on the(111-)plane. These planar faults may further penetrate theγ/γlath interface, grow into adjacent laths, and form a ribbon of planar faults.

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7

ARVIDSSON, K. "NON-PLANAR COUPLED SHEAR WALLS IN MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 122, no. 3 (August 1997): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1997.29803.

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8

Geertsema, A. J. "The shear strength of planar joints in mudstone." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 39, no. 8 (December 2002): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(02)00100-4.

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9

DERFEL, GRZEGORZ, and DARIUSZ KRZYZANSKI. "Shear flow induced deformations of planar cholesteric layers." Liquid Crystals 22, no. 4 (April 1997): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026782997209180.

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10

Luongo, A., G. Rega, and F. Vestroni. "On Nonlinear Dynamics of Planar Shear Indeformable Beams." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171821.

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The planar forced oscillations of shear indeformabie beams with either movable or immovable supports are studied through a unified approach. An exact nonlinear beam model is referred to and a consistent procedure up to order three nonlinearities is followed. By eliminating the longitudinal displacement component through a constraint condition and assuming one mode, the problem is reduced to one nonlinear differential equation. A perturbational solution in the neighborhood of the resonant frequency is determined and the stability of the steady-state solutions is studied. The dependence of the phenomenon on the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the system is put into light and the frequency-response curves for different boundary conditions are furnished.

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11

Pražák, Dalibor. "Exponential attractor for a planar shear-thinning flow." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 30, no. 17 (2007): 2197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.885.

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12

Jones, Gareth Wyn, and L. Mahadevan. "Planar morphometry, shear and optimal quasi-conformal mappings." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2153 (May 8, 2013): 20120653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0653.

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To characterize the diversity of planar shapes in such instances as insect wings and plant leaves, we present a method for the generation of a smooth morphometric mapping between two planar domains which matches a number of homologous points. Our approach tries to balance the competing requirements of a descriptive theory which may not reflect mechanism and a multi-parameter predictive theory that may not be well constrained by experimental data. Specifically, we focus on aspects of shape as characterized by local rotation and shear, quantified using quasi-conformal maps that are defined precisely in terms of these fields. To make our choice optimal, we impose the condition that the maps vary as slowly as possible across the domain, minimizing their integrated squared-gradient. We implement this algorithm numerically using a variational principle that optimizes the coefficients of the quasi-conformal map between the two regions and show results for the recreation of a sample historical grid deformation mapping of D’Arcy Thompson. We also deploy our method to compare a variety of Drosophila wing shapes and show that our approach allows us to recover aspects of phylogeny as marked by morphology.

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13

Stevenson, A. C., B. Araya-Kleinsteuber, R. S. Sethi, H. M. Metha, and C. R. Lowe. "Planar coil excitation of multifrequency shear wave transducers." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20, no. 7 (January 2005): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.04.023.

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14

Besser, Bruno Philipp, Helfried Karl Biernat, and Richard Philip Rijnbeek. "Planar MHD stagnation-point flows with velocity shear." Planetary and Space Science 38, no. 3 (March 1990): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(90)90107-2.

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15

Milton, Graeme W. "Planar polycrystals with extremal bulk and shear moduli." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 157 (December 2021): 104601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104601.

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16

Saurer, Erich, and Alexander M. Puzrin. "Validation of the energy-balance approach to curve-shaped shear-band propagation in soil." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2127 (August 18, 2010): 627–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0285.

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Progressive and catastrophic failure in soils has been commonly associated with the phenomenon of shear-band propagation. This is a challenging topic, both in terms of understanding and simulation. Most existing studies have focused on the propagation of planar shear bands. This paper is an attempt to analytically model the rate of progressive shear-band propagation in shear-blade tests, especially designed to produce curved shear bands in dense silty sand. The simplified analytical solution is based on fracture mechanics energy balance and on limiting equilibrium approaches. The analytical solution is validated against experimental data. Comparison shows that, despite the simplifications, the energy-balance approach is a useful tool in modelling the rate of non-planar shear-band propagation, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

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17

Voskanyan, Albert A., and Alexandra Navrotsky. "Shear Pleasure: The Structure, Formation, and Thermodynamics of Crystallographic Shear Phases." Annual Review of Materials Research 51, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070720-013445.

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A renaissance of interest in crystallographic shear structures and our recent work in this remarkable class of materials inspired this review. We first summarize the geometrical aspects of shear plane formation and possible transformations in ReO3, rutile, and perovskite-based structures. Then we provide a mechanistic overview of crystallographic shear formation, plane ordering, and propagation. Next we describe the energetics of planar defect formation and interaction, equilibria between point and extended defect structures, and thermodynamic stability of shear compounds. Finally, we emphasize the remaining challenges and propose future directions in this exciting area.

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18

Ghosh, S. K., S. Hazra, and S. Sengupta. "Planar, non-planar and refolded sheath folds in the Phulad Shear Zone, Rajasthan, India." Journal of Structural Geology 21, no. 12 (December 1999): 1715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(99)00118-2.

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19

Matin, M. L., P. J. Daivis, and B. D. Todd. "Comparison of planar shear flow and planar elongational flow for systems of small molecules." Journal of Chemical Physics 113, no. 20 (November 22, 2000): 9122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319379.

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20

Siqueira, Ivan R., and Márcio S. Carvalho. "Particle migration in planar die-swell flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 825 (July 19, 2017): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.373.

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We present a numerical study on particle migration in a planar extrudate flow of suspensions of non-Brownian hard spheres. The suspension is described as a Newtonian liquid with a concentration-dependent viscosity, and shear-induced particle migration is modelled according to the diffusive flux model. The fully coupled set of nonlinear differential equations governing the flow is solved with a stabilized finite element method together with the elliptic mesh generation method to compute the position of the free surface. We show that shear-induced particle migration inside the channel leads to a highly non-uniform particle concentration distribution under the free surface. It is found that particle migration dramatically changes the shape of the free surface when the suspension is compared to a Newtonian liquid with the same bulk properties. Remarkably, we observed extrudate expansion in the Newtonian and dilute suspension flows; in turn, at high concentrations, a die contraction appears. The model does not account for normal stress differences, and this result is a direct consequence of variations in the flow stress field caused by shear-induced particle migration.

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21

ZABIELSKI, L., and A. J. MESTEL. "Unsteady blood flow in a helically symmetric pipe." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 370 (September 10, 1998): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098001992.

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Fully developed flow in a helical pipe is investigated with a view to modelling blood flow around the commonly non-planar bends in the arterial system. Medical research suggests that the formation of atherosclerotic lesions is strongly correlated with regions of low wall shear and it has been suggested that the observed non-planar geometry may result in a more uniform shear distribution. Helical flows driven by an oscillating pressure gradient are studied analytically and numerically. In the high-frequency limit an expression is derived for the second-order steady flow driven by streaming from the Stokes layers. Finite difference methods are used to calculate flows driven by sinusoidal or physiological pressure gradients in various geometries. Possible advantages of the observed helical rather than planar arterial bends are discussed in terms of wall shear distribution and the inhibition of boundary layer separation.

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22

Vitoshkin, H., E. Heifetz, A. Yu Gelfgat, and N. Harnik. "On the role of vortex stretching in energy optimal growth of three-dimensional perturbations on plane parallel shear flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 707 (July 19, 2012): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.285.

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AbstractThe three-dimensional linearized optimal energy growth mechanism, in plane parallel shear flows, is re-examined in terms of the role of vortex stretching and the interplay between the spanwise vorticity and the planar divergent components. For high Reynolds numbers the structure of the optimal perturbations in Couette, Poiseuille and mixing-layer shear profiles is robust and resembles localized plane waves in regions where the background shear is large. The waves are tilted with the shear when the spanwise vorticity and the planar divergence fields are in (out of) phase when the background shear is positive (negative). A minimal model is derived to explain how this configuration enables simultaneous growth of the two fields, and how this mutual amplification affects the optimal energy growth. This perspective provides an understanding of the three-dimensional growth solely from the two-dimensional dynamics on the shear plane.

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23

WATANABE, Hideyoshi, and Hideo ONO. "SHEAR STRENGTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PLANAR MEMBERS WITH POST-INSTALLED PLATE-ANCHORED SHEAR REINFORCEMENT." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 26, no. 64 (October 20, 2020): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.26.952.

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24

Gutmark, E., T. P. Parr, D. M. Parr, and K. C. Schadow. "Planar Imaging of Vortex Dynamics in Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250637.

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The interaction between the fluid dynamics and the combustion process in an annular diffusion flame was studied experimentally using the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique. The local temperature and OH radical fluorescence signals were mapped in the entire flame cross section. The flame was forced at different instability frequencies, thus enabling the study of the evolution and interaction of large-scale structures in the flame shear layer. The present study of the effect of fluid dynamics on combustion is part of a more comprehensive program aimed at understanding and controlling the effect of heat release, density variations, and reaction parameters on the shear layer evolution.

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25

Sacks, M. S. "A Method for Planar Biaxial Mechanical Testing That Includes In-Plane Shear." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835086.

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A limitation in virtually all planar biaxial studies of soft tissues has been the inability to include the effects of in-plane shear. This is due to the inability of current mechanical testing devices to induce a state of in-plane shear, due to the added cost and complexity. In the current study, a straightforward method is presented for planar biaxial testing that induces a combined state of in-plane shear and normal strains. The method relies on rotation of the test specimen’s material axes with respect to the device axes and on rotating carriages to allow the specimen to undergo in-plane shear freely. To demonstrate the method, five glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium specimens were prepared with their preferred fiber directions (defining the material axes) oriented at 45 deg to the device axes to induce a maximum shear state. The test protocol included a wide range of biaxial strain states, and the resulting biaxial data re-expressed in material axes coordinate system. The resulting biaxial data was then fit to the following strain energy function W: W=c/2[exp(A1E′112+A2E′222+2A3E′11E′22+A4E′122+2A5E′11E′12+2A6E′22E′12)−1]where E′ij is the Green’s strain tensor in the material axes coordinate system and c and Ai are constants. While W was able to fit the data very well, the constants A5 and A6 were found not to contribute significantly to the fit and were considered unnecessary to model the shear strain response. In conclusion, while not able to control the amount of shear strain independently or induce a state of pure shear, the method presented readily produces a state of simultaneous in-plane shear and normal strains. Further, the method is very general and can be applied to any anisotropic planar tissue that has identifiable material axes.

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26

Rauch, Edgar F. "Planar Simple Shear Test Applied to Predeformed Mild Steel." Solid State Phenomena 3-4 (January 1991): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.3-4.469.

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27

FORLITI, DAVID J., BRIAN A. TANG, and PAUL J. STRYKOWSKI. "An experimental investigation of planar countercurrent turbulent shear layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 530 (May 10, 2005): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112005003642.

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28

Fielding, Suzanne M., and Helen J. Wilson. "Shear banding and interfacial instability in planar Poiseuille flow." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 165, no. 5-6 (March 2010): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2009.12.001.

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29

Grinstein, F. F., E. S. Oran, and J. P. Boris. "Numerical simulations of asymmetric mixing in planar shear flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 165, no. -1 (April 1986): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112086003051.

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30

KLOOSTERZIEL, R. C., P. ORLANDI, and G. F. CARNEVALE. "Saturation of inertial instability in rotating planar shear flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 583 (July 4, 2007): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007006593.

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Inertial instability in a rotating shear flow redistributes absolute linear momentum in such a way as to neutralize the instability. In the absence of other instabilities, the final equilibrium can be predicted by a simple construction based on conservation of total momentum. Numerical simulations, invariant in the along-stream direction, suppress barotropic instability and allow only inertial instability to develop. Such simulations, at high Reynolds numbers, are used to test the theoretical prediction. Four representative examples are given: a jet, a wall-bounded jet, a mixing layer and a wall-bounded shear layer.

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31

Dong, W., H. Li, and Z. Du. "A planar nano-positioner driven by shear piezoelectric actuators." AIP Advances 6, no. 8 (August 2016): 085104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960838.

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32

Gardiner, John C., and Jeffrey A. Weiss. "Simple Shear Testing of Parallel-Fibered Planar Soft Tissues." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 123, no. 2 (December 1, 2000): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1351891.

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The simple shear test may provide unique information regarding the material response of parallel-fibered soft tissues because it allows the elimination of the dominant fiber material response from the overall stresses. However, inhomogeneities in the strain field due to clamping and free edge effects have not been documented. The finite element method was used to study finite simple shear of simulated ligament material parallel to the fiber direction. The effects of aspect ratio, clamping prestrain, and bulk modulus were assessed using a transversely isotropic, hyperelastic material model. For certain geometries, there was a central area of uniform strain. An aspect ratio of 1:2 for the fiber to cross-fiber directions provided the largest region of uniform strain. The deformation was nearly isochoric for all bulk moduli indicating this test may be useful for isolating solid viscoelasticity from interstitial flow effects. Results suggest this test can be used to characterize the matrix properties for the type of materials examined in this study, and that planar measurements will suffice to characterize the strain. The test configuration may be useful for the study of matrix, fiber-matrix, and fiber-fiber material response in other types of parallel-fibered transversely isotropic soft tissues.

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33

Haeri, Hadi, Vahab Sarfarazi, and Hossein Ali Lazemi. "Experimental study of shear behavior of planar nonpersistent joint." Computers and Concrete 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2016): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.5.639.

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34

Aggarwal, S. K., J. B. Yapo, F. F. Grinstein, and K. Kailasanath. "Numerical simulation of particle transport in planar shear layers." Computers & Fluids 25, no. 1 (January 1996): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(95)00028-3.

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35

Wang, Rui-Tao, Hong-Song Hu, and Zi-Xiong Guo. "Analytical study of stiffened multibay planar coupled shear walls." Engineering Structures 244 (October 2021): 112770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112770.

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36

Genovese, Dario. "Tensile Buckling in Shear Deformable Rods." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 06 (August 2017): 1750063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500638.

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In the framework of the Reissner–Simo rod theory and following Haringx’ approach for studying axial buckling in shear deformable rods, we give a mechanical interpretation of tensile instability, together with its mathematical justification, and we perform a linearized eigenvalue buckling analysis for tense planar rods. Buckled shapes and critical loads are calculated for most usual boundary conditions.

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37

Tammisola, Outi, Fredrik Lundell, and L. Daniel Söderberg. "Surface tension-induced global instability of planar jets and wakes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 713 (October 31, 2012): 632–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.477.

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AbstractThe effect of surface tension on global stability of co-flow jets and wakes at a moderate Reynolds number is studied. The linear temporal two-dimensional global modes are computed without approximations. All but one of the flow cases under study are globally stable without surface tension. It is found that surface tension can cause the flow to be globally unstable if the inlet shear (or, equivalently, the inlet velocity ratio) is strong enough. For even stronger surface tension, the flow is restabilized. As long as there is no change of the most unstable mode, increasing surface tension decreases the oscillation frequency. Short waves appear in the high-shear region close to the nozzle, and their wavelength increases with increasing surface tension. The critical shear (the weakest inlet shear at which a global instability is found) gives rise to antisymmetric disturbances for the wakes and symmetric disturbances for the jets. However, at stronger shear, the opposite symmetry can be the most unstable one, in particular for wakes at high surface tension. The results show strong effects of surface tension that should be possible to reproduce experimentally as well as numerically.

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38

Bürger, David, Antonin Dlouhý, Kyosuke Yoshimi, and Gunther Eggeler. "How Nanoscale Dislocation Reactions Govern Low- Temperature and High-Stress Creep of Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloys." Crystals 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020134.

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The present work investigates γ-channel dislocation reactions, which govern low-temperature (T = 750 °C) and high-stress (resolved shear stress: 300 MPa) creep of Ni-base single crystal superalloys (SX). It is well known that two dislocation families with different b-vectors are required to form planar faults, which can shear the ordered γ’-phase. However, so far, no direct mechanical and microstructural evidence has been presented which clearly proves the importance of these reactions. In the mechanical part of the present work, we perform shear creep tests and we compare the deformation behavior of two macroscopic crystallographic shear systems [ 01 1 ¯ ] ( 111 ) and [ 11 2 ¯ ] ( 111 ) . These two shear systems share the same glide plane but differ in loading direction. The [ 11 2 ¯ ] ( 111 ) shear system, where the two dislocation families required to form a planar fault ribbon experience the same resolved shear stresses, deforms significantly faster than the [ 01 1 ¯ ] ( 111 ) shear system, where only one of the two required dislocation families is strongly promoted. Diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis identifies the dislocation reactions, which rationalize this macroscopic behavior.

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39

TURNER, M. R., J. J. HEALEY, S. S. SAZHIN, and R. PIAZZESI. "Stability analysis and breakup length calculations for steady planar liquid jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 668 (December 13, 2010): 384–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010004787.

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This study uses spatio-temporal stability analysis to investigate the convective and absolute instability properties of a steady unconfined planar liquid jet. The approach uses a piecewise linear velocity profile with a finite-thickness shear layer at the edge of the jet. This study investigates how properties such as the thickness of the shear layer and the value of the fluid velocity at the interface within the shear layer affect the stability properties of the jet. It is found that the presence of a finite-thickness shear layer can lead to an absolute instability for a range of density ratios, not seen when a simpler plug flow velocity profile is considered. It is also found that the inclusion of surface tension has a stabilizing effect on the convective instability but a destabilizing effect on the absolute instability. The stability results are used to obtain estimates for the breakup length of a planar liquid jet as the jet velocity varies. It is found that reducing the shear layer thickness within the jet causes the breakup length to decrease, while increasing the fluid velocity at the fluid interface within the shear layer causes the breakup length to increase. Combining these two effects into a profile, which evolves realistically with velocity, gives results in which the breakup length increases for small velocities and decreases for larger velocities. This behaviour agrees qualitatively with existing experiments on the breakup length of axisymmetric jets.

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40

Szakály, Ferenc, Zsolt Hortobágyi, and Katalin Bagi. "Discrete Element Analysis of the Shear Resistance of Planar Walls with Different Bond Patterns." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010220.

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The paper presents discrete element simulations of the in-plane horizontal shear of planar walls having different bond patterns. The aim of the analysis was to decide whether the shear resistance could be improved by applying patterns containing vertical bricks. The results show that the presence of vertical bricks increases the shear resistance in case of low vertical confining load only, and the length-to-height ratio of the wall also significantly affects the shear resistance.

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41

SHAH, ARVIND, and ABDEL-RAHMAN MAHMOUD. "COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR GUIDED ULTRASONIC WAVES IN PLATES." International Journal of Computational Methods 03, no. 01 (March 2006): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876206000576.

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Reducing the general problem of computing three-dimensional Green's function in a transversely isotropic plate to a finite summation of contributions from a series of planar problems can efficiently yield an accurate solution. Hence, solving the planar scattering problem, of the Pressure-Shear-Vertical (PSV) type or the Shear-Horizontal (SH) type, was performed by three different techniques: The boundary element method; the hybrid method; and the perfectly matched layer method. In the pursuit of these methods, the objective was to highlight their pros and cons in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

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42

Thomas, W. H. "Planar shear moduli of rigidity of an oriented strand board from bending and shear tests." Materials and Structures 37, no. 271 (June 27, 2004): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/13929.

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Thomas, W. H. "Planar shear moduli of rigidity of an oriented strand board from bending and shear tests." Materials and Structures 37, no. 7 (August 2004): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02481585.

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CHANG, KEH-CHIN, CHIUAN-TING LI, and HSUAN-JUNG CHEN. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF VELOCITY AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTIONS IN TURBULENT PLANAR MIXING LAYER." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 13 (May 30, 2010): 1361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910023621.

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The velocity autocorrelation coefficient correlates the velocity in the time domain but at the same spatial position. Turbulent planar mixing layer consists of two types of turbulence, that is, shear turbulence in the central shear layer and nearly homogeneous turbulence in both the high- and low-speed free stream sides. It is interesting to know what kind of function forms can be used to represent faithfully the experimental observations of the velocity autocorrelation coefficients in the mixing layer. Various velocity autocorrelation functions are tested with the measured data. It is found that the Frenkiel function family is the most proper form to represent the measured velocity autocorrelation coefficients in both the shear layer and free stream regimes.

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45

ARVIDSSON, K., D. JOHNSON, and A. NADJAI. "NON-PLANAR COUPLED SHEAR WALLS IN MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS. DISCUSSION." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 128, no. 4 (November 1998): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1998.30917.

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46

McInnes, Brett, and Edward Teo. "Generalized planar black holes and the holography of hydrodynamic shear." Nuclear Physics B 878 (January 2014): 186–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2013.11.013.

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47

Gsell, Simon, Rémi Bourguet, and Marianna Braza. "Vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder in planar shear flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 825 (July 20, 2017): 353–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.386.

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The system composed of a circular cylinder, either fixed or elastically mounted, and immersed in a current linearly sheared in the cross-flow direction, is investigated via numerical simulations. The impact of the shear and associated symmetry breaking are explored over wide ranges of values of the shear parameter (non-dimensional inflow velocity gradient, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0,0.4]$) and reduced velocity (inverse of the non-dimensional natural frequency of the oscillator, $U^{\ast }\in [2,14]$), at Reynolds number $Re=100$; $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, $U^{\ast }$ and $Re$ are based on the inflow velocity at the centre of the body and on its diameter. In the absence of large-amplitude vibrations and in the fixed body case, three successive regimes are identified. Two unsteady flow regimes develop for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0,0.2]$ (regime L) and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0.2,0.3]$ (regime H). They differ by the relative influence of the shear, which is found to be limited in regime L. In contrast, the shear leads to a major reconfiguration of the wake (e.g. asymmetric pattern, lower vortex shedding frequency, synchronized oscillation of the saddle point) and a substantial alteration of the fluid forcing in regime H. A steady flow regime (S), characterized by a triangular wake pattern, is uncovered for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>0.3$. Free vibrations of large amplitudes arise in a region of the parameter space that encompasses the entire range of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and a range of $U^{\ast }$ that widens as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ increases; therefore vibrations appear beyond the limit of steady flow in the fixed body case ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=0.3$). Three distinct regimes of the flow–structure system are encountered in this region. In all regimes, body motion and flow unsteadiness are synchronized (lock-in condition). For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0,0.2]$, in regime VL, the system behaviour remains close to that observed in uniform current. The main impact of the shear concerns the amplification of the in-line response and the transition from figure-eight to ellipsoidal orbits. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in [0.2,0.4]$, the system exhibits two well-defined regimes: VH1 and VH2 in the lower and higher ranges of $U^{\ast }$, respectively. Even if the wake patterns, close to the asymmetric pattern observed in regime H, are comparable in both regimes, the properties of the vibrations and fluid forces clearly depart. The responses differ by their spectral contents, i.e. sinusoidal versus multi-harmonic, and their amplitudes are much larger in regime VH1, where the in-line responses reach $2$ diameters ($0.03$ diameters in uniform flow) and the cross-flow responses $1.3$ diameters. Aperiodic, intermittent oscillations are found to occur in the transition region between regimes VH1 and VH2; it appears that wake–body synchronization persists in this case.

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HASEGAWA, Tatsuya, Shigeki YAMAGUCHI, Tetsuya AMANO, Tokuhiro KAGAMI, and Hironaga GOTO. "Visualization of Free Shear Flows by Planar Laser Scattering Method." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 10, no. 1Supplement (1990): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.10.1supplement_15.

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Akosile, O. O., and D. Sumner. "Staggered circular cylinders immersed in a uniform planar shear flow." Journal of Fluids and Structures 18, no. 5 (November 2003): 613–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2003.07.014.

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50

Luskin, Mitchell, and Tsorng-Whay Pan. "Non-planar shear flows for non-aligning nematic liquid crystals." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 42, no. 3 (April 1992): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0257(92)87019-8.

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