Journal articles: 'Planar Nanomaterials'

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Story, S. Drew, Stephen Boggs, Linda M. Guiney, Mani Ramesh, Mark C. Hersam, C. Jeffrey Brinker, and Sharon L. Walker. "Aggregation morphology of planar engineered nanomaterials." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 561 (March 2020): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.067.

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Qu, Xin, Jinghai Yang, Yanchao Wang, Jian Lv, Zhongfang Chen, and Yanming Ma. "A two-dimensional TiB4monolayer exhibits planar octacoordinate Ti." Nanoscale 9, no. 45 (2017): 17983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr05688e.

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At present, the concept of planar hypercoordination in chemistry meets the fast development of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, leading to considerable interest in searching for 2D materials with planar hypercoordinate atoms.

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Amaro, Andrea, Adrian Suarez, Jose Torres, Pedro A. Martinez, Roberto Herraiz, Antonio Alcarria, Adolfo Benedito, Rocio Ruiz, Pedro Galvez, and Antonio Penades. "Shielding Effectiveness Measurement Method for Planar Nanomaterial Samples Based on CNT Materials up to 18 GHz." Magnetochemistry 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9050114.

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The study and measurement of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of planar materials is required to predict the suitability of a certain material to form an enclosed electromagnetic shield. One of the most widely used standards for measuring the SE of planar materials is ASMT D4935-18. It is based on a coaxial sample holder (CSH) that operates up to 1.5 GHz. Due to this standard’s frequency limitations, new variants with higher frequency limits have been developed by decreasing the size of the CSH conductors and the samples. However, this method and its high-frequency variants require two types of samples with very specific geometries and sizes. This method is unsuitable for certain types of nanomaterials due to their complex mechanization at such undersized scales. This contribution proposes an alternative SE measurement method based on an absorber box that mitigates the problems presented by the ASTM D4935-18 standard. The SE of rigid nanomaterial samples based on several concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and two different fiber reinforcements have been obtained.

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Sivakumar, Ponnurengam M., Matin Islami, Ali Zarrabi, Arezoo Khosravi, and Shohreh Peimanfard. "Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 11 (July 8, 2020): 1340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666191028112258.

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Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

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Wüest, R. "Proximity-effect induced density limitations for electron-beam patterned planar photonic nanomaterials." Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications 7, no. 4 (December 2009): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2009.09.001.

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Karakashov, Blagoj, Martine Mayne-L’Hermite, and Mathieu Pinault. "Conducting Interface for Efficient Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes: Towards Nano-Engineered Carbon Composite." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132300.

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Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) are manufactured nanomaterials with excellent properties and great potential for numerous applications. Recently, research has intensified toward achieving VACNT synthesis on different planar and non-planar substrates of various natures, mainly dependent on the user-defined application. Indeed, VACNT growth has to be adjusted and optimized according to the substrate nature and shape to reach the requirements for the application envisaged. To date, different substrates have been decorated with VACNT, involving the use of diffusion barrier layers (DBLs) that are often insulating, such as SiO2 or Al2O3. These commonly used DBLs limit the conducting and other vital physico-chemical properties of the final nanomaterial composite. One interesting route to improve the contact resistance of VACNT on a substrate surface and the deficient composite properties is the development of semi-/conducting interlayers. The present review summarizes different methods and techniques for the deposition of suitable conducting interfaces and controlled growth of VACNT on diverse flat and 3-D fibrous substrates. Apart from exhibiting a catalytic efficiency, the DBL can generate a conducting and adhesive interface involving performance enhancements in VACNT composites. The abilities of different conducting interlayers are compared for VACNT growth and subsequent composite properties. A conducting interface is also emphasized for the synthesis of VACNT on carbonaceous substrates in order to produce cost-effective and high-performance nano-engineered carbon composites.

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Wang, Zhen, Zhiming Liu, Chengkang Su, Biwen Yang, Xixi Fei, Yi Li, Yuqing Hou, et al. "Biodegradable Black Phosphorus-based Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Theranostic Applications." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 10 (June 20, 2019): 1788–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170920152529.

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Ascribe to the unique two-dimensional planar nanostructure with exceptional physical and chemical properties, black phosphorous (BP) as the emerging inorganic twodimensional nanomaterial with high biocompatibility and degradability has been becoming one of the most promising materials of great potentials in biomedicine. The exfoliated BP sheets possess ultra-high surface area available for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading for chemotherapy. Utilizing the intrinsic near-infrared optical absorbance, BPbased photothermal therapy in vivo, photodynamic therapy and biomedical imaging has been realized, achieving unprecedented anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in animal experiments. Additionally, the BP nanosheets can strongly react with oxygen and water, and finally degrade to non-toxic phosphate and phosphonate in the aqueous solution. This manuscript aimed to summarize the preliminary progresses on theranostic application of BP and its derivatives black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), and discussed the prospects and the state-of-art unsolved critical issues of using BP-based material for theranostic applications.

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Kasarla, Sarveshwar, Vimala Saravanan, Vidhya Prasanth, and Manjula Selvam. "The Influence of Thermoelectric Properties of Nanomaterial and Applications." Journal on Materials and its Characterization 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jmc/1/1/1.

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To assess the thermoelectric qualities of low-dimensional materials, a nanomaterial was created. Due to its inherent nanoscale structure, a one-dimensional thermoelectric material is predicted to have superior thermoelectric characteristics and low heat conductivity. High efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion devices can be realised by taking use of these better features. Graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), two-dimensional nanomaterials, are thermally efficient. Due to the differences in the crystal lattice and electrical structure between graphene and h-BN, a new material with novel thermal properties is created when the two join to produce a planar C-BN hybrid structure or a van der Waals heterostructure. We concentrate on these new qualities while reviewing the two new materials, as their thermal properties affect their structure, size, and number of layers. To assess the thermoelectric qualities of low-dimensional materials, a micro-instrument was created. Due to its inherent nanoscale structure, a one-dimensional thermoelectric material is predicted to have superior thermoelectric characteristics and low heat conductivity. High efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion devices can be realised by taking use of these better features. In this study, we used micromachining to create microdevices to examine the thermoelectric characteristics of low-dimensional materials. The system comprises of a tiny thermocouple with a freely suspended heating element acting as the sensing element. Manipulation was used to place an array of Bi2Te3 nanowires made using the silicon template approach on the microdevice. To show the device’s ability to assess the thermoelectric properties of nanomaterials, measurements of the Bi2Te3 bundle’s electrical, thermal, and Beck coefficients were made. More information about this source text source text necessary for further translation details. We offer a synthetic method for producing Cu2ZnGeSe4 nanocrystals with a limited size range and a predetermined composition. By hot pressing, these nanocrystals were employed to create nanomaterials that were tightly packed. These nanoparticles’ Cu2ZnGeSe4 thermoelectric characteristics have been demonstrated to be very good. A figure of merit of up to 0.55 at 450 °C has already been achieved through early refinement of the nanocrystal composition. The performance of thermoelectric (TE) materials is currently the subject of intense research. One of the suggestions for enhancing their TE performance is nanostructuring. However, a nanomaterial’s shape can have a big impact on how it behaves under tension. In this study, we showed that this action uses a microwave-assisted chemical pathway to create zinc oxide (ZnO) in two distinct forms. The molar ratios of the initial precursors were altered to create nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods (NRs). According to the results, NRs have better TE properties than NPs, especially at higher temperatures.

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Goldenberg, Leonid M., Mathias Köhler, and Christian Dreyer. "SiO2 Nanoparticles-Acrylate Formulations for Core and Cladding in Planar Optical Waveguides." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051210.

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A combination of acrylate formulations and SiO2 nanoparticles is investigated with the aim to improve the optical properties of low-refractive index polymers that are used for the fabrication of planar optical waveguides. A decrease in refractive index and also in the thermo-optic coefficient of nanocomposite materials is clearly demonstrated, while some formulations exhibit an increase in the glass transition temperature. The possibility of using these nanocomposite materials to fabricate waveguiding layers with low optical propagation losses at telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm is also shown. The nanomaterials can be applied in optical microchips on polymer platforms.

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Kylián, O., D. Nikitin, J. Hanuš, S. Ali-Ogly, P. Pleskunov, and H. Biederman. "Plasma-assisted gas-phase aggregation of clusters for functional nanomaterials." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 41, no. 2 (March 2023): 020802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002374.

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The application of low-temperature plasma-based methods for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials has been growing for several decades and nanoparticles (NPs) play an increasing role in this effort. NPs have been considered for numerous applications such as optoelectronic energy conversion, electrocatalysis for fuel cells, novel plasmonic materials, electroluminescence, macromolecular self-assembly, supramolecular chemistry, and biomedical applications. The focus of this review will be devoted to NPs prepared by vacuum-based plasma-assisted sources. In the majority of cases, plasma has been excited by a planar magnetron. At first, concisely, the state-of-the-art of plasma-based gas aggregation cluster sources is presented. Then, the stability of the deposition process and enhancement of the production yield as well as tailoring of the composition, structure, and shape of NPs are discussed. In addition, in-flight modification of NPs, the interaction of NPs with a substrate, and deposition onto the liquids are presented.

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Jozef, Liday, Vogrinčič Peter, Vretenár Viliam, Kotlár Mário, Marton Marián, Mikolášek Miroslav, and Řeháček Vlastimil. "Ohmic Conacts to p-GaN on the Basis of Carbon Nanomaterials." Journal of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 6 (January 31, 2015): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2014-0063.

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Abstract We have designed and verified a new structure for ohmic contacts to p-GaN based on a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNT), reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and metallic layers of Cr, Pd and Au, namely in configurations Au/Cr/r-GO/CNT/p-GaN and Au/Pd/r-GO/CNT/p-GaN. The effects have been studied of the annealing temperature and the gas ambient upon the electrical properties of the contacts. Annealing of the Au/Pd/r-GO/CNT/p-GaN structure in air at 500°C for 1 minute resulted in linear I - V curves measured between planar electrodes on the p-GaN. Hence, addition of r-GO to the CNT interlayer between p-GaN and the metallization layer is a highly promising procedure for further improvements of the ohmic contacts to p-GaN.

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Willander, Magnus, Muhammad Q. Israr, Jamil R. Sadaf, and Omer Nur. "Progress on one-dimensional zinc oxide nanomaterials based photonic devices." Nanophotonics 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0006.

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AbstractOne-dimensional nanostructures hold the most attractive and excellent physiochemical characteristics which exhibit the paramount influence on the fundamental and technological nanoelectronic as well as nanophotonic applications. In this review article, we present a detailed introduction to the diverse synthetic procedures which can be utilized for the fabrication of single-, planar- and three-dimensional ZnO nanostructures. More specifically, a thorough discussion regarding luminescence characteristics of the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures is presented for ultraviolet and visible regions. We summarize the room temperature spontaneous emission and stimulated emission along with the interaction of the incident beam with material cavity to produce resonant optical modes and low-temperature time resolved photoluminescence studies. The most recent published results on the white light emitting diodes fabricated with the combination of ZnO nanotubes with p-GaN and ZnO nanorods with p-organic polymers on glass and disposable paper are discussed. Additionally, the significant results on optically and electrically pumped lasers are discussed; along with an overview on the future of ZnO nanostructures based photonic devices.

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Chiang, Chin-Lung, Chien-Wei Hsu, Hsiu-Ming Wu, and Ming-Yuan Shen. "Dispersion technology on mechanical properties of carbon nanomaterials reinforced epoxy nanocomposites." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 07n09 (March 6, 2020): 2040019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920400199.

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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are platelet-liked graphite nanocrystals with multigraphene layers. In general, a high contact area between polymer and nanofiller maximizes stress transfer from the polymer matrix to nanofillers. Therefore, GNPs can be expected to exhibit better reinforcement than CNTs in polymer composites, because of their ultrahigh aspect ratio (600–10,000) and higher surface constant area. The GNPs planar structure provides a 2D path for phonon transport, and the ultrahigh surface area allows a large surface contact area with polymer resulting in the enhancement of the composite thermal conductivity. In this study, simple and efficient planetary mixing methods were used to enable the GNPs to disperse uniformly throughout the epoxy solution (i.e. 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt%) and then to prepare GNPs/epoxy nanocomposites. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite, including ultimate tensile, flexural strength and flexural modulus, were investigated. Finally, the fracture surface of the specimen was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the dispersion of the GNPs in the composites.

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Sun, Jing, Zhiwei Wang, Chenhui Zhu, Meiyao Wang, Zhekun Shi, Yuhan Wei, Xiaohui Fu, Xuesi Chen, and Ronald N. Zuckermann. "Hierarchical supramolecular assembly of a single peptoid polymer into a planar nanobrush with two distinct molecular packing motifs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (December 1, 2020): 31639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011816117.

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Hierarchical nanomaterials have received increasing interest for many applications. Here, we report a facile programmable strategy based on an embedded segmental crystallinity design to prepare unprecedented supramolecular planar nanobrush-like structures composed of two distinct molecular packing motifs, by the self-assembly of one particular diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-octylglycine) in a one-pot preparation. We demonstrate that the superstructures result from the temperature-controlled hierarchical self-assembly of preformed spherical micelles by optimizing the crystallization−solvophobicity balance. Particularly remarkable is that these micelles first assemble into linear arrays at elevated temperatures, which, upon cooling, subsequently template further lateral, crystallization-driven assembly in a living manner. Addition of the diblock copolymer chains to the growing nanostructure occurs via a loosely organized micellar intermediate state, which undergoes an unfolding transition to the final crystalline state in the nanobrush. This assembly mechanism is distinct from previous crystallization-driven approaches which occur via unimer addition, and is more akin to protein crystallization. Interestingly, nanobrush formation is conserved over a variety of preparation pathways. The precise control ability over the superstructure, combined with the excellent biocompatibility of polypeptoids, offers great potential for nanomaterials inaccessible previously for a broad range of advanced applications.

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Huseinov, A. V., D. M. Korytko, and O. Y. Tananaiko. "Planar Electrodes, Modified With Gold And Carbon Nanomaterials, As Sensitive Elements Of Н2O2 Voltammetric Sensors." METHODS AND OBJECTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 1, no. 2 (2016): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2016.82-93.

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Angizi, Shayan, Sayed Ali Ahmad Alem, Mahdi Hasanzadeh Azar, Farzaneh Shayeganfar, Max I. Manning, Amir Hatamie, Amir Pakdel, and Abdolreza Simchi. "A comprehensive review on planar boron nitride nanomaterials: From 2D nanosheets towards 0D quantum dots." Progress in Materials Science 124 (February 2022): 100884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100884.

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Jacak, Janusz. "Homotopy Phases of FQHE with Long-Range Quantum Entanglement in Monolayer and Bilayer Hall Systems." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071286.

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Correlated phases in Hall systems have topological character. Multilayer configurations of planar electron systems create the opportunity to change topological phases on demand using macroscopic factors, such as vertical voltage. We present an analysis of such phenomena in close relation to recent experiments with multilayer Hall setups including GaAs and graphene multi-layers. The consequences of the blocking or not of the inter-layer electron tunneling in stacked Hall configurations are analyzed and presented in detail. Multilayer Hall systems are thus tunable topological composite nanomaterials, in the case of graphene-stacked systems by both intra- and inter-layer voltage.

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Blahut, Marek. "Model of the broadband interferometric optical biosensor in a planar configuration." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.987.

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The paper presents numerical studies of the model of an optical sensor based on interference of modes in planar one-dimensional step-index configuration, excited by a broadband light source from a selected spectral range. The refractive index variation of measured external surrounding affects the modal properties of multimode waveguide and the spectral field distribution at the output of the structure. The optical system described is designed to the analysis of biological substances. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Blahut, "Optical sensor in planar configuration based on multimode interference" Proc. SPIE, 10455, (2017). CrossRef K. Misiakos, et al, "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express, 22, 8856, (2014). CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials, 9, 729 (2019). CrossRef M. Nordstrom, et al, "Single-Mode Waveguides With SU-8 Polymer Core and Cladding for MOEMS Applications", J. Light. Techn., 25, 1284, (2007). CrossRef D. Segelstein, "The complex refractive index of water", M.S. Thesis, University of Missouri, (1981). DirectLink https://www.yokogawa.com/pl/solutions/products-platforms/ DirectLink

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Yang, Yue-Ju, Shi-Xiong Li, De-Liang Chen, and Zheng-Wen Long. "Structural Evolution and Electronic Properties of Selenium-Doped Boron Clusters SeBn0/− (n = 3–16)." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010357.

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A theoretical research of structural evolution, electronic properties, and photoelectron spectra of selenium-doped boron clusters SeBn0/− (n = 3–16) is performed using particle swarm optimization (CALYPSO) software in combination with density functional theory calculations. The lowest energy structures of SeBn0/− (n = 3–16) clusters tend to form quasi-planar or planar structures. Some selenium-doped boron clusters keep a skeleton of the corresponding pure boron clusters; however, the addition of a Se atom modified and improved some of the pure boron cluster structures. In particular, the Se atoms of SeB7−, SeB8−, SeB10−, and SeB12− are connected to the pure quasi-planar B7−, B8−, B10−, and B12− clusters, which leads to planar SeB7−, SeB8−, SeB10−, and SeB12−, respectively. Interestingly, the lowest energy structure of SeB9− is a three-dimensional mushroom-shaped structure, and the SeB9− cluster displays the largest HOMO–LUMO gap of 5.08 eV, which shows the superior chemical stability. Adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) bonding analysis reveals that SeB8 is doubly aromatic, with 6 delocalized π electrons and 6 delocalized σ electrons, whereas SeB9− is doubly antiaromatic, with 4 delocalized π electrons and 12 delocalized σ electrons. Similarly, quasi-planar SeB12 is doubly aromatic, with 6 delocalized π electrons and 14 delocalized σ electrons. The electron localization function (ELF) analysis shows that SeBn0/− (n = 3–16) clusters have different local electron delocalization and whole electron delocalization effects. The simulated photoelectron spectra of SeBn− (n = 3–16) have different characteristic bands that can identify and confirm SeBn− (n = 3–16) combined with future experimental photoelectron spectra. Our research enriches the geometrical structures of small doped boron clusters and can offer insight for boron-based nanomaterials.

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Kurelchuk, U. N., A. V. Nikolaev, P. V. Borisyuk, and E. V. Tkalya. "Chemical bonding between thorium and novel BN nanomaterials." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 12 (September 28, 2022): 124302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102419.

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We study the nature of chemical bonding of the thorium atom with novel BN-based nanomaterials: fullerenes B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], and the BN analog of coronene—B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text], used as a representative molecular fragment of the two dimensional hexagonal BN-sheet. Our ab initio calculations are performed within the dispersion-corrected density functional approach with a hybrid exchange-correlation potential. The smallest 20-atom BN-fullerenes B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] proposed by us are shown to be stable and should be observable experimentally. Thorium is found at the center of these structures pushing the outer shell of atoms farther away. The shape of the B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text]-cage in Th@B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] is conserved, while the shape of the B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] molecule in Th@B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] is largely deformed. The initially planar structure of B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text] in the presence of thorium becomes corrugated, demonstrating pronounced off-plane displacements under the thorium atom. Other four-valent metals (Ti, Zr, and Hf) also cause off-plane displacements of B and N atoms albeit to a much smaller scale. In the 60-atom fullerene B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], which is the BN analog of C[Formula: see text], two conformations of Th@B[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] are found: one is with thorium facing the hexagon with one B–B and one N–N covalent bonds and a second, lying 0.79 eV higher, with thorium close to the center of pentagon with one B–B covalent bond.

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Khomutov, Gennady B., Vladimir V. Kislov, Radmir V. Gainutdinov, Sergey P. Gubin, Alexander Yu Obydenov, Stanislav A. Pavlov, Andrey N. Sergeev-Cherenkov, Eugene S. Soldatov, Alla L. Tolstikhina, and Artem S. Trifonov. "The design, fabrication and characterization of controlled-morphology nanomaterials and functional planar molecular nanocluster-based nanostructures." Surface Science 532-535 (June 2003): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(03)00405-9.

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Arabha, Saeed, and Ali Rajabpour. "Effect of planar torsional deformation on the thermal conductivity of 2D nanomaterials: A molecular dynamics study." Materials Today Communications 22 (March 2020): 100706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100706.

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Blahut, Marek. "Numerical analysis of the broadband interferometric sensor in the planar gradient-step index configuration." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1140.

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In the paper the model of an optical sensor based on a two-mode interference in a planar gradient-step index configuration is presented. The analyzed structure consists of a single-mode gradient index waveguide, made by Ag+-Na+ ion exchange, which is partially covered by a step-index SU-8 polymer layer. This step and gradient index structure forms a two-mode waveguide which is excited by a broadband light source from a selected spectral range. The refractive index variation of measured external surrounding affects the modal properties of multimode waveguide and the spectral field distribution at the output of the structure. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Błahut, "Numerical analysis of planar multimode optical sensor with active nanolayer", Opt. Appl. 50, 377 (2020). CrossRef M. Nordstrom et al J. Light. Technol. 25, 1284 (2007). CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials, 9, 729 (2019). CrossRef M. Błahut, "Numerical characteristics of the polarimetric interferometer made by K+-Na+ ion exchange", Opt. Appl. 27, 3 (1998). CrossRef https://www.filmetrics.com/refractive-index-database/BK7/Float-Glass DirectLink M. Błahut, "Model of the broadband interferometric optical biosensor in a planar configuration", Phot. Lett. Pol. 12, 28 (2020). CrossRef K. Gut, "Broad-band difference interferometer as a refractive index sensor", Opt. Express, 25, 31111 (2017). CrossRef

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Heine, Gernot, Wolfgang Lang, Roman Rössler, and Johannes D. Pedarnig. "Anisotropy of the In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Resistivity and the Hall Effect in the Normal State of Vicinal-Grown YBa2Cu3O7−δ Thin Films." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030675.

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The resistivity and the Hall effect in the copper-oxide high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) are remarkably anisotropic. Using a thin film of YBCO grown on an off-axis cut SrTiO3 substrate allows one to investigate these anisotropic transport properties in a planar and well-defined sample geometry employing a homogeneous current density. In the normal state, the Hall voltage probed parallel to the copper-oxide layers is positive and strongly temperature dependent, whereas the out-of-plane Hall voltage is negative and almost temperature independent. The results confirm previous measurements on single crystals by an entirely different measurement method and demonstrate that vicinal thin films might be also useful for investigations of other layered nanomaterials.

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Khomutov, G. B., V. V. Kislov, M. N. Antipina, R. V. Gainutdinov, S. P. Gubin, A. Yu Obydenov, S. A. Pavlov, et al. "Interfacial nanofabrication strategies in development of new functional nanomaterials and planar supramolecular nanostructures for nanoelectronics and nanotechnology." Microelectronic Engineering 69, no. 2-4 (September 2003): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(03)00324-1.

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Zhang, Q., Y. J. Shin, F. Hua, L. V. Saraf, and D. W. Matson. "Fabrication of Transparent Capacitive Structure by Self-Assembled Thin Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 3008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.075.

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An approach to fabricating transparent electronic devices by using nanomaterial and nanofabrication is presented in this paper. A see-through capacitor is constructed from self-assembled silica nanoparticle layers that are stacked on the transparent substrate. The electrodes are made of indium tin oxide. Unlike the traditional processes used to fabricate such devices, the self-assembly approach enables one to synthesize the thin film layers at lower temperature and cost, and with a broader availability of nanomaterials. The vertical dimension of the self-assembled thin films can be precisely controlled, as well as the molecular order in the thin film layers. The shape of the capacitor is generated by planar micropatterning. The monitoring by quartz crystal demonstrates the steady growth of the silica nanoparticle multilayer. In addition, because the material synthesis and the device fabrication steps are separate, the fabrication is not affected by the harsh conditions required for the material synthesis. As a result, a clear pattern is allowed over a large area on the substrate. The prepared capacitive structure has an optical transparency higher than 92% over the visible spectrum. The capacitive impedance is measured at different frequencies and fit the theoretical results. As one of the fundamental components, this type of capacitive structure can serve in the transparent circuits, interactive media and sensors, as well as being applicable to other transparent devices.

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Burpo, Fred, Enoch Nagelli, Lauren Morris, Kamil Woronowicz, and Alexander Mitropoulos. "Salt-Mediated Au-Cu Nanofoam and Au-Cu-Pd Porous Macrobeam Synthesis." Molecules 23, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071701.

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Multi-metallic and alloy nanomaterials enable a broad range of catalytic applications with high surface area and tuning reaction specificity through the variation of metal composition. The ability to synthesize these materials as three-dimensional nanostructures enables control of surface area, pore size and mass transfer properties, electronic conductivity, and ultimately device integration. Au-Cu nanomaterials offer tunable optical and catalytic properties at reduced material cost. The synthesis methods for Au-Cu nanostructures, especially three-dimensional materials, has been limited. Here, we present Au-Cu nanofoams and Au-Cu-Pd macrobeams synthesized from salt precursors. Salt precursors formed from the precipitation of square planar ions resulted in short- and long-range ordered crystals that, when reduced in solution, form nanofoams or macrobeams that can be dried or pressed into freestanding monoliths or films. Metal composition was determined with X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nitrogen gas adsorption indicated an Au-Cu nanofoam specific surface area of 19.4 m2/g. Specific capacitance determined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was 46.0 F/g and 52.5 F/g for Au-Cu nanofoams and Au-Cu-Pd macrobeams, respectively. The use of salt precursors is envisioned as a synthesis route to numerous metal and multi-metallic nanostructures for catalytic, energy storage, and sensing applications.

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Su, Dan, Lei Lv, Yi Yang, Huan-Li Zhou, Sami Iqbal, and Tong Zhang. "Simple Self-Assembly Strategy of Nanospheres on 3D Substrate and Its Application for Enhanced Textured Silicon Solar Cell." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102581.

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Nanomaterials and nanostructures provide new opportunities to achieve high-performance optical and optoelectronic devices. Three-dimensional (3D) surfaces commonly exist in those devices (such as light-trapping structures or intrinsic grains), and here, we propose requests for nanoscale control over nanostructures on 3D substrates. In this paper, a simple self-assembly strategy of nanospheres for 3D substrates is demonstrated, featuring controllable density (from sparse to close-packed) and controllable layer (from a monolayer to multi-layers). Taking the assembly of wavelength-scale SiO2 nanospheres as an example, it has been found that textured 3D substrate promotes close-packed SiO2 spheres compared to the planar substrate. Distribution density and layers of SiO2 coating can be well controlled by tuning the assembly time and repeating the assembly process. With such a versatile strategy, the enhancement effects of SiO2 coating on textured silicon solar cells were systematically examined by varying assembly conditions. It was found that the close-packed SiO2 monolayer yielded a maximum relative efficiency enhancement of 9.35%. Combining simulation and macro/micro optical measurements, we attributed the enhancement to the nanosphere-induced concentration and anti-reflection of incident light. The proposed self-assembly strategy provides a facile and cost-effective approach for engineering nanomaterials at 3D interfaces.

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Tan, Xin, Fengyu Li, and Zhongfang Chen. "Metallic BSi3 Silicene and Its One-Dimensional Derivatives: Unusual Nanomaterials with Planar Aromatic D6h Six-Membered Silicon Rings." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, no. 45 (September 26, 2014): 25825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp507011p.

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Gahlaut, Shashank K., Anisha Pathak, and Banshi D. Gupta. "Recent Advances in Silver Nanostructured Substrates for Plasmonic Sensors." Biosensors 12, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12090713.

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Noble metal nanostructures are known to confine photon energies to their dimensions with resonant oscillations of their conduction electrons, leading to the ultrahigh enhancement of electromagnetic fields in numerous spectroscopic methods. Of all the possible plasmonic nanomaterials, silver offers the most intriguing properties, such as best field enhancements and tunable resonances in visible-to-near infrared regions. This review highlights the recent developments in silver nanostructured substrates for plasmonic sensing with the main emphasis on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) over the past decade. The main focus is on the synthesis of silver nanostructured substrates via physical vapor deposition and chemical synthesis routes and their applications in each sensing regime. A comprehensive review of recent literature on various possible silver nanostructures prepared through these methodologies is discussed and critically reviewed for various planar and optical fiber-based substrates.

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Dengo, Nicola, Norberto Masciocchi, Antonio Cervellino, Antonietta Guagliardi, and Federica Bertolotti. "Effects of Structural and Microstructural Features on the Total Scattering Pattern of Nanocrystalline Materials." Nanomaterials 12, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12081252.

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Atomic- and nanometer-scale features of nanomaterials have a strong influence on their chemical and physical properties and a detailed description of these elements is a crucial step in their characterization. Total scattering methods, in real and reciprocal spaces, have been established as fundamental techniques to retrieve this information. Although the impact of microstructural features, such as defectiveness of different kinds, has been extensively studied in reciprocal space, disentangling these effects from size- and morphology-induced properties, upon downsizing, is not a trivial task. Additionally, once the experimental pattern is Fourier transformed to calculate the pair distribution function, the direct fingerprint of structural and microstructural features is severely lost and no modification of the histogram of interatomic distances derived therefrom is clearly discussed nor considered in the currently available protocols. Hereby, starting from atomistic models of a prototypical system (cadmium selenide), we simulate multiple effects on the atomic pair distribution function, obtained from reciprocal space patterns computed through the Debye scattering equation. Size and size dispersion effects, as well as different structures, morphologies, and their interplay with several kinds of planar defects, are explored, aiming at identifying the main (measurable and informative) fingerprints of these features on the total scattering pattern in real and reciprocal spaces, highlighting how, and how much, they become evident when comparing different cases. The results shown herein have general validity and, as such, can be further extended to other classes of nanomaterials.

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Guisinger, Nathan P., and Michael S. Arnold. "Beyond Silicon: Carbon-Based Nanotechnology." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 4 (April 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.729.

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AbstractFor more than two decades, scientists and engineers have focused on impending limitations (from high-power densities and heat distribution to device patterning) that constrain the future miniaturization of conventional silicon technology. Thus far, academic and industrial efforts have risen to the challenge and continue to advance planar silicon processing, pushing traditional microtechnology to the nanometer scale. However, insurmountable limitations, both of physical nature and cost, still loom and motivate the research of new nanomaterials and technologies that have the potential to replace and/or enhance conventional silicon systems. As time has progressed, another Group IV element has emerged as a front-runner, looking beyond silicon, in the form of carbon-based nanotechnology. The focus of this issue is to provide a comprehensive look at the state-of-the-art in carbon-based nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their potential impact on conventional silicon technologies, which are not limited to electronics but also encompass micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, optoelectronics, and memory. Recent advances in carbon nanotube growth, sorting, and optoelectronics will be discussed, and the relatively new and surging area of graphene research will be introduced. In addition, progress in controlling the growth and properties of ultrananocrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond thin films will be reviewed. These efforts are multidisciplinary, heavily materials focused, and tend to translate information and ideas to other carbon-based studies (e.g., graphene is the building block of carbon nanotubes).

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Sun, Ji Zhou, Yang Li, Chao Bian, Jian Hua Tong, Han Peng Dong, Hong Zhang, Qing Yong Chen, and Shan Hong Xia. "3D Pyramidal Micropool Array Electrode for Amperometric Microsensor." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.103.

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This paper reports a novel three-dimensional (3D) microelectrode to enhance the sensitivity and current output of the amperometric microsensor. Based on silicon bulk micromachining technology and the introduction of nanomaterials, the 3D microelectrodes (3DME) are fabricated as working electrodes of the amperometric sensor. It comprises both sensitive microstructures and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. The 3D micro structure can enlarge the effective surface area of working electrode and make more analyte to approach electrode surface more easily. This design provides a better microenvironment for electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticales. It further improves the enhancement effect of catalytic efficiency and electroactivity for the microelectrode. The sensor has been successfully used to detect H2O2, which is a vital target analyte in glucose detection and enzyme-linked immunodetection. Compared with amperometric biosensor based on planar microelectrode (PME), this sensor has advantages of lower detection limit, higher current signal and higher sensitivity.

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Ren, He, and Wei-Feng Sun. "Characterizing Dielectric Permittivity of Nanoscale Dielectric Films by Electrostatic Micro-Probe Technology: Finite Element Simulations." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 5405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245405.

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Finite element simulations for detecting the dielectric permittivity of planar nanoscale dielectrics by electrostatic probe are performed to explore the microprobe technology of characterizing nanomaterials. The electrostatic force produced by the polarization of nanoscale dielectrics is analyzed by a capacitance gradient between the probe and nano-sample in an electrostatic detection system, in which sample thickness is varied in the range of 1 nm–10 μm, the width (diameter) encompasses from 100 nm to 10 μm, the tilt angle of probe alters between 0° and 20°, and the relative dielectric constant covers 2–1000 to represent a majority of dielectric materials. For dielectric thin films with infinite lateral dimension, the critical diameter is determined, not only by the geometric shape and tilt angle of detecting probe, but also by the thickness of the tested nanofilm. Meanwhile, for the thickness greater than 100 nm, the critical diameter is almost independent on the probe geometry while being primarily dominated by the thickness and dielectric permittivity of nanomaterials, which approximately complies a variation as exponential functions. For nanofilms with a plane size which can be regarded as infinite, a pertaining analytical formalism is established and verified for the film thickness in an ultrathin limit of 10–100 nm, with the probe axis being perpendicular and tilt to film plane, respectively. The present research suggests a general testing scheme for characterizing flat, nanoscale, dielectric materials on metal substrates by means of electrostatic microscopy, which can realize an accurate quantitative analysis of dielectric permittivity.

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Miranda, Bruno, Ilaria Rea, Principia Dardano, Luca De Stefano, and Carlo Forestiere. "Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Functionalization of Flexible Optical Biosensors: Toward Smart Life-Sciences Applications." Biosensors 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11040107.

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Over the last 30 years, optical biosensors based on nanostructured materials have obtained increasing interest since they allow the screening of a wide variety of biomolecules with high specificity, low limits of detection, and great sensitivity. Among them, flexible optical platforms have the advantage of adapting to non-planar surfaces, suitable for in vivo and real-time monitoring of diseases and assessment of food safety. In this review, we summarize the newest and most advanced platforms coupling optically active materials (noble metal nanoparticles) and flexible substrates giving rise to hybrid nanomaterials and/or nanocomposites, whose performances are comparable to the ones obtained with hard substrates (e.g., glass and semiconductors). We focus on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors. We show that large-scale, cost-effective plasmonic platforms can be realized with the currently available techniques and we emphasize the open issues associated with this topic.

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Sooriyaarachchi, Dilshan, Shahrima Maharubin, and George Z. Tan. "ZnO Nanowire-Anchored Microfluidic Device With Herringbone Structure Fabricated by Maskless Photolithography." Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology 11 (January 2020): 117959722094143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179597220941431.

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The integration of nanomaterials in microfluidic devices has emerged as a new research paradigm. Microfluidic devices composed of ZnO nanowires have been developed for the collection of urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) at high efficiency and in situ extraction of various microRNAs (miRNAs). The devices can be used for diagnosing various diseases, including kidney diseases and cancers. A major research need for developing micro total analysis systems is to enhance extraction efficiency. This article presents a novel fabrication method for a herringbone-patterned microfluidic device anchored with ZnO nanowire arrays. The substrates with herringbone patterns were created by maskless photolithography. The ZnO nanowire arrays were grown on the substrates by chemical bathing. The patterned design was to introduce turbulent flows as opposed to laminar flow in traditional devices to increase the mixing and contact of the urine sample with ZnO nanowires. The device showed reduced flow rates compared with conventional planar microfluidic channels and successfully extracted urine EV-encapsulated miRNAs.

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Cataldi, Pietro, Athanassia Athanassiou, and Ilker Bayer. "Graphene Nanoplatelets-Based Advanced Materials and Recent Progress in Sustainable Applications." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091438.

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Graphene is the first 2D crystal ever isolated by mankind. It consists of a single graphite layer, and its exceptional properties are revolutionizing material science. However, there is still a lack of convenient mass-production methods to obtain defect-free monolayer graphene. In contrast, graphene nanoplatelets, hybrids between graphene and graphite, are already industrially available. Such nanomaterials are attractive, considering their planar structure, light weight, high aspect ratio, electrical conductivity, low cost, and mechanical toughness. These diverse features enable applications ranging from energy harvesting and electronic skin to reinforced plastic materials. This review presents progress in composite materials with graphene nanoplatelets applied, among others, in the field of flexible electronics and motion and structural sensing. Particular emphasis is given to applications such as antennas, flexible electrodes for energy devices, and strain sensors. A separate discussion is included on advanced biodegradable materials reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. A discussion of the necessary steps for the further spread of graphene nanoplatelets is provided for each revised field.

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Mudedla, S. K., K. Balamurugan, and V. Subramanian. "Unravelling the Structural Changes in α-Helical Peptides on Interaction with Convex, Concave, and Planar Surfaces of Boron-Nitride-Based Nanomaterials." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 49 (December 7, 2016): 28246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b08587.

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Lee, Jung-Hwan, Gun-Sub Lee, Eung-Nam Park, Dong-Hyeon Jo, So-Won Kim, and Hee-Chul Lee. "Synthesis of Planar-Type ZnO Powder in Non-Nano Scale Dimension and Its Application in Ultraviolet Protection Cosmetics." Materials 16, no. 5 (March 5, 2023): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16052099.

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ZnO is one of the most widely used inorganic sunscreens, owing to its fine particle size and UV light shielding capability. However, powders at nanosizes can be toxic and cause adverse effects. The development of non-nanosized particles has been slow. The present work investigated synthesis methods of non-nanosized ZnO particles for ultraviolet protection application. By altering the starting material, KOH concentration, and input speed, the ZnO particles can be obtained in different forms, including needle type, planar type, and vertical wall type. Cosmetic samples were made by mixing different ratios of synthesized powders. The physical properties and the UV blockage efficacy of different samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer (PSA), and ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrometer. The samples with 1:1 ratio of needle-type ZnO and vertical wall-type ZnO exhibited superior light blocking effect owing to improved dispersibility and prevention of particle agglomeration. The 1:1 mixed sample also complied with the European nanomaterials regulation due to the absence of nanosized particles. With superior UV protection in the UVA and UVB regions, the 1:1 mixed powder showed potential to be used as a main ingredient in UV protection cosmetics.

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Le, Hoai Nga, Frank Babick, Klaus Kühn, Minh Tan Nguyen, Michael Stintz, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "Impact of ultrasonic dispersion on the photocatalytic activity of titania aggregates." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (December 17, 2015): 2423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.250.

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The effectiveness of photocatalytic materials increases with the specific surface area, thus nanoscale photocatalyst particles are preferred. However, such nanomaterials are frequently found in an aggregated state, which may reduce the photocatalytic activity due to internal obscuration and the extended diffusion path of the molecules to be treated. This paper investigates the effect of aggregate size on the photocatalytic activity of pyrogenic titania (Aeroxide® P25, Evonik), which is widely used in fundamental photocatalysis research. Well-defined and reproducible aggregate sizes were achieved by ultrasonic dispersion. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the color removal of methylene blue (MB) with a laboratory-scale setup based on a plug flow reactor (PFR) and planar UV illumination. The process parameters such as flow regime, optical path length and UV intensity are well-defined and can be varied. Our results firstly show that a complete dispersion of the P25 aggregates is not practical. Secondly, the photocatalytic activity is not further increased beyond a certain degree of dispersion, which probably corresponds to a critical size for which UV irradiation can penetrate the aggregate without significant obscuration.

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Jiang, Tao, Elizabeth L. Magnotti, and Vincent P. Conticello. "Geometrical frustration as a potential design principle for peptide-based assemblies." Interface Focus 7, no. 6 (October 20, 2017): 20160141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0141.

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Two-dimensional peptide and protein assemblies have been the focus of increased scientific research as they display significant potential for the creation of functional nanomaterials. Soluble subunits derived from a variety of protein motifs have been demonstrated to self-assemble into structurally defined nanosheets under environmentally benign conditions in which the components often retain their native structure and function. These types of two-dimensional assemblies may have an advantage for nanofabrication in that their extended planar shapes can be more straightforwardly incorporated into the current formats of nanoscale devices. However, significant challenges remain in the fabrication of these materials, particularly in devising methods to control the size, shape and internal structure of the resultant materials. Geometrical frustration may be envisioned as a possible mechanism to exert control over these structural parameters through rational design. While this objective has yet to be realized in practice, we discuss in this article the potential role of geometrical frustration as a principle to rationalize unusual self-assembly behaviour in several examples of two-dimensional peptide assemblies.

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Maddah, Mohsen, Charles P. Unsworth, Gideon J. Gouws, and Natalie O. V. Plank. "Synthesis of encapsulated ZnO nanowires provide low impedance alternatives for microelectrodes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): e0270164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270164.

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Microelectrodes are commonly used in electrochemical analysis and biological sensing applications owing to their miniaturised dimensions. It is often desirable to improve the performance of microelectrodes by reducing their electrochemical impedance for increasing the signal-to-noise of the recorded signals. One successful route is to incorporate nanomaterials directly onto microelectrodes; however, it is essential that these fabrication routes are simple and repeatable. In this article, we demonstrate how to synthesise metal encapsulated ZnO nanowires (Cr/Au-ZnO NWs, Ti-ZnO NWs and Pt-ZnO NWs) to reduce the impedance of the microelectrodes. Electrochemical impedance modelling and characterisation of Cr/Au-ZnO NWs, Ti-ZnO NWs and Pt-ZnO NWs are carried out in conjunction with controls of planar Cr/Au and pristine ZnO NWs. It was found that the ZnO NW microelectrodes that were encapsulated with a 10 nm thin layer of Ti or Pt demonstrated the lowest electrochemical impedance of 400 ± 25 kΩ at 1 kHz. The Ti and Pt encapsulated ZnO NWs have the potential to offer an alternative microelectrode modality that could be attractive to electrochemical and biological sensing applications.

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Ferrando-Villalba, Pablo, Antonio Pablo Pérez-Marín, Llibertat Abad, Gustavo Gonçalves Dalkiranis, Aitor F. Lopeandia, Gemma Garcia, and Javier Rodriguez-Viejo. "Measuring Device and Material ZT in a Thin-Film Si-Based Thermoelectric Microgenerator." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040653.

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Thermoelectricity (TE) is proving to be a promising way to harvest energy for small applications and to produce a new range of thermal sensors. Recently, several thermoelectric generators (TEGs) based on nanomaterials have been developed, outperforming the efficiencies of many previous bulk generators. Here, we presented the thermoelectric characterization at different temperatures (from 50 to 350 K) of the Si thin-film based on Phosphorous (n) and Boron (p) doped thermocouples that conform to a planar micro TEG. The thermocouples were defined through selective doping by ion implantation, using boron and phosphorous, on a 100 nm thin Si film. The thermal conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the electrical resistivity of each Si thermocouple was experimentally determined using the in-built heater/sensor probes and the resulting values were refined with the aid of finite element modeling (FEM). The results showed a thermoelectric figure of merit for the Si thin films of z T = 0.0093, at room temperature, which was about 12% higher than the bulk Si. In addition, we tested the thermoelectric performance of the TEG by measuring its own figure of merit, yielding a result of ZT = 0.0046 at room temperature.

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Gut, Kazimierz. "Model of the planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer as a humidity sensor." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.1022.

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The paper presents a model of the planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer. Its response to the change in thickness and refractive index of the waveguide layer due to the change in humidity is presented. The analysis was carried out for the wavelength range from 450 nm to 850 nm. The orthogonal modes TE0 and TM0, which propagate in this wavelength range, are considered. It is shown that by using light near the maximum of the system characteristic, instead of the spectrometer, the total power at the system output can be measured. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Kitsara, K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, and E. Makarona, "Integrated optical frequency-resolved Mach-Zehnder interferometers for label-free affinity sensing", Opt. Express 18, 8193 (2010). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, A. Salapatas, E. Makarona, A. Bostials, et al., "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express 22, 8856 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, E. Makarona, A. Botsialas, A. Salapatas, et al "All-silicon monolithic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a refractive index and bio-chemical sensor", Opt. Express 22, 26803 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, E. Makarona, M. Hoekman, R. Fyrogenis, K. Tukkiniemi, et al., "All-Silicon Spectrally Resolved Interferometric Circuit for Multiplexed Diagnostics: A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Integrating All Active and Passive Components", ACS Photonics 6, 1694 (2019). CrossRef E. Makarona, A. Salapatas, I. Raptis, P. Petrou, S. Kakabakos, et al., "Broadband Young interferometry for simultaneous dual polarization bioanalytics", J Opt Soc Am B 34, 1691 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Broad-band difference interferometer as a refractive index sensor", Opt. Express 25, 3111 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials 9, 729 (2019). CrossRef W. Lukosz, "Integrated optical chemical and direct biochemical sensors", Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. 29, 37 (1995). CrossRef W. Knoll, O. Azzaroni, H. Duran, J. Kunze-Liebhäuser, K. Lau, et al. "Nanoporous thin films in optical waveguide spectroscopy for chemical analytics", Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, 3299 (2020). CrossRef A. Bucciarellia, V. Mullonib, D. Maniglio, R.K. Pal, V.K. Yadavalli, at al., "A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices", Optical Materials 78, 407 (2018). CrossRef V.Prajzler, K. Min, S. Kim, and P. Nekvindova, "The Investigation of the Waveguiding Properties of Silk Fibroin from the Visible to Near-Infrared Spectrum", Materials 11, 112 (2018). CrossRef Q. Li, N. Qi, Y. Peng, Y. Zhange, L.Shi, et al. "Aggregation induced red shift emission of phosphorus doped carbon dots", RSC Advances 7, 178889 (2017). CrossRef P. Giovanni, Z. Yuji, N. Deboki, P. Nereus, D. Kaplan, et al. "The optical properties of regenerated silk fibroin films obtained from different sources", App. Phys. Lett. 111, 103702 (2017). CrossRef M. Procek, Z. Opilski, A. M. Maquenda, X.M. Berbel, S.Aznar-Cervantes et al., "Silk fibroin thin films for optical humidity sensing", Proceedings of SPIE 11204,1120409 (2019). CrossRef https://www.thorlabs.com/thorproduct.cfm?partnumber=M595F2 DirectLink

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Karakovskaya, Ksenya I., Svetlana I. Dorovskikh, Evgeniia S. Vikulova, Igor Yu Ilyin, Kseniya V. Zherikova, Tamara V. Basova, and Natalya B. Morozova. "Volatile Iridium and Platinum MOCVD Precursors: Chemistry, Thermal Properties, Materials and Prospects for Their Application in Medicine." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010078.

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Interest in iridium and platinum has been steadily encouraged due to such unique properties as exceptional chemical inertia and corrosion resistance, high biological compatibility, and mechanical strength, which are the basis for their application in medical practice. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is a promising method to fabricate Ir and Pt nanomaterials, multilayers, and heterostructures. Its advantages include precise control of the material composition and microstructure in deposition processes at relatively low temperatures onto non-planar substrates. The development of MOCVD processes is inextricably linked with the development of the chemistry of volatile precursors, viz., specially designed coordination and organometallic compounds. This review describes the synthesis methods of various iridium and platinum precursors, their thermal properties, and examples of the use of MOCVD, including formation of films for medical application and bimetallics. Although metal acetylacetonates are currently the most widely used precursors, the recently developed heteroligand Ir(I) and Pt(IV) complexes appear to be more promising in both synthetic and thermochemical aspects. Their main advantage is their ability to control thermal properties by modifying several types of ligands, making them tunable to deposit films onto different types of materials and to select a combination of compatible compounds for obtaining the bimetallic materials.

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Karakovskaya, Ksenya I., Svetlana I. Dorovskikh, Evgeniia S. Vikulova, Igor Yu Ilyin, Kseniya V. Zherikova, Tamara V. Basova, and Natalya B. Morozova. "Volatile Iridium and Platinum MOCVD Precursors: Chemistry, Thermal Properties, Materials and Prospects for Their Application in Medicine." Coatings 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010078.

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Interest in iridium and platinum has been steadily encouraged due to such unique properties as exceptional chemical inertia and corrosion resistance, high biological compatibility, and mechanical strength, which are the basis for their application in medical practice. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is a promising method to fabricate Ir and Pt nanomaterials, multilayers, and heterostructures. Its advantages include precise control of the material composition and microstructure in deposition processes at relatively low temperatures onto non-planar substrates. The development of MOCVD processes is inextricably linked with the development of the chemistry of volatile precursors, viz., specially designed coordination and organometallic compounds. This review describes the synthesis methods of various iridium and platinum precursors, their thermal properties, and examples of the use of MOCVD, including formation of films for medical application and bimetallics. Although metal acetylacetonates are currently the most widely used precursors, the recently developed heteroligand Ir(I) and Pt(IV) complexes appear to be more promising in both synthetic and thermochemical aspects. Their main advantage is their ability to control thermal properties by modifying several types of ligands, making them tunable to deposit films onto different types of materials and to select a combination of compatible compounds for obtaining the bimetallic materials.

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BASINIUK, Vladimir L., Alexander V. BOGDANOVICH, and Oleg M. YELOVOY. "MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS AND MEANS OF EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS. PART 1." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 4, no. 57 (December 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2021-4-57-78-86.

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The article considers a number of new directions in the development of methods and means of experimental mechanics. A brief analysis of the trends is given. They are: a) the size reduction of objects (models, samples) of laboratory tests, their unification, as well as the associated miniaturization of equipment and measuring instruments, b) the emergence and development of methods for experimental research of the mechanical characteristics of nanomaterials. When analyzing the trend (a), the characteristics of the EM-6705 installation developed at the Planar JSC are given. The installation is designed to control the strength of wire bridges in electronic products, control the shear strength of bulk leads and determine the relative elongation of the wire. It is as well intended for use in a personal testing center for wear-fatigue testing of materials created for universities by joint efforts of Belarusian State University, S&P GROUP TRIBOFATIGUE Ltd. and the Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus within the framework of the task of the State Scientific and Technical Program “Standards and Scientific Instruments”. A brief description is given for the methods of the experimental study of mechanical properties and deformation behavior at the micro- and nanoscale structural levels.

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Gonzalez Solveyra, Estefania, David H. Thompson, and Igal Szleifer. "Proteins Adsorbing onto Surface-Modified Nanoparticles: Effect of Surface Curvature, pH, and the Interplay of Polymers and Proteins Acid–Base Equilibrium." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040739.

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Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials is a process of vital significance and it is commonly controlled by functionalizing their surface with polymers. The efficiency of this strategy depends on the design parameters of the nanoconstruct. Although significant amount of work has been carried out on planar surfaces modified with different types of polymers, studies investigating the role of surface curvature are not as abundant. Here, we present a comprehensive and systematic study of the protein adsorption process, analyzing the effect of curvature and morphology, the grafting of polymer mixtures, the type of monomer (neutral, acidic, basic), the proteins in solution, and the conditions of the solution. The theoretical approach we employed is based on a molecular theory that allows to explicitly consider the acid–base reactions of the amino acids in the proteins and the monomers on the surface. The calculations showed that surface curvature modulates the molecular organization in space, but key variables are the bulk pH and salt concentration (in the millimolar range). When grafting the NP with acidic or basic polymers, the surface coating could disfavor or promote adsorption, depending on the solution’s conditions. When NPs are in contact with protein mixtures in solution, a nontrivial competitive adsorption process is observed. The calculations reflect the balance between molecular organization and chemical state of polymers and proteins, and how it is modulated by the curvature of the underlying surface.

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49

Romero, Francisco J., Denice Gerardo, Raul Romero, Inmaculada Ortiz-Gomez, Alfonso Salinas-Castillo, Carmen L. Moraila-Martinez, Noel Rodriguez, and Diego P. Morales. "Comparison of Laser-Synthetized Nanographene-Based Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060555.

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In this paper, we present a comparative study of a cost-effective method for the mass fabrication of electrodes to be used in thin-film flexible supercapacitors. This technique is based on the laser-synthesis of graphene-based nanomaterials, specifically, laser-induced graphene and reduced graphene oxide. The synthesis of these materials was performed using two different lasers: a CO2 laser with an infrared wavelength of λ = 10.6 µm and a UV laser (λ = 405 nm). After the optimization of the parameters of both lasers for this purpose, the performance of these materials as bare electrodes for flexible supercapacitors was studied in a comparative way. The experiments showed that the electrodes synthetized with the low-cost UV laser compete well in terms of specific capacitance with those obtained with the CO2 laser, while the best performance is provided by the rGO electrodes fabricated with the CO2 laser. It has also been demonstrated that the degree of reduction achieved with the UV laser for the rGO patterns was not enough to provide a good interaction electrode-electrolyte. Finally, we proved that the specific capacitance achieved with the presented supercapacitors can be improved by modifying the in-planar structure, without compromising their performance, which, together with their compatibility with doping-techniques and surface treatments processes, shows the potential of this technology for the fabrication of future high-performance and inexpensive flexible supercapacitors.

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50

Simonenko, Tatiana L., Nikolay P. Simonenko, Philipp Yu Gorobtsov, Oleg Yu Grafov, Elizaveta P. Simonenko, and Nikolay T. Kuznetsov. "Synthesis of ((CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2)@NiO Core-Shell Type Nanostructures and Microextrusion Printing of a Composite Anode Based on Them." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 8918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248918.

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The process of the hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchically organized nanomaterials with the core-shell structure with the composition ((CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2)@NiO was studied, and the prospects for their application in the formation of planar composite structures using microextrusion printing were shown. The hydrothermal synthesis conditions of the (CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2 nanospheres were determined, and the approach to their surface modification by growing the NiO shell with the formation of core-shell structures equally distributed between the larger nickel(II) oxide nanosheets was developed. The resulting nanopowder was used as a functional ink component in the microextrusion printing of the corresponding composite coating. The microstructure of the powders and the oxide coating was studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the crystal structure was explored by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the set of functional groups in the powders was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, and their thermal behavior in an air flow by synchronous thermal analysis (TGA/DSC). The electronic state of the chemical elements in the resulting coating was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface topography and local electrophysical properties of the composite coating were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Using impedance spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of the specific electrical conductivity of the obtained composite coating was estimated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Planar Nanomaterials'

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