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Silou, Thomas, Marc Malanda, and Laurent Loubaki. "Optimisation de l'extraction de l'huile essentielle de Cymbopogon citratus grâce à un plan factoriel complet 23." Journal of Food Engineering 65, no. 2 (November 2004): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.01.018.
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Kpangba, Thierry Placide Médard Kingo, Joseph Mpika, Alaric Makoundou, Mercier Alain Bita, and Attibayéba Attibayéba. "Effet de la terre des termitières sur la croissance de trois cultivars de la morelle noire (Solanum nigrum L. : Solanaceae) cultivée à Brazzaville (Congo)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i1.16.
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La productivité de la morelle noire est faible sur les sols surexploités dans les zones périurbaines de Brazzaville. L’objectif était d’évaluer l’apport de la terre des termitières sur la croissance végétale de trois cultivars de la morelle noire. Les termitières collectées ont été broyées, tamisées et amendées les planches de 3 m x 1,2 m. Une planche ayant reçu 0 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg et 6 kg de terre des termitières, 60 plants d’un cultivar ont été repiqués aux écartements 20 x 20 cm selon un schéma bi factoriel complet 4 x 3 logé dans un dispositif en bloc complètement randomisé. Les traitements ont été répétés trois fois. Les résultats ont révélé une meilleure croissance en hauteur et en diamètre ainsi qu’un meilleur développement foliaire des plants amendés avec les doses de la terre des termitières en comparaison de ceux n’en ayant pas reçu. L’apport de 6 kg de terre des termitières montre une influence positive sur le développement racinaire de plants des trois cultivars. L’apport 2 kg, 4 kg et 6 kg de terre de termitières améliore la croissance végétative et le rendement en biomasses aérienne et souterraine de trois cultivars de morelle noire cultivés au Congo.
© 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.
Mots clés: Congo, fertilisation, termitières champignons, croissance végétative, Solanum nigrum L.
English Title: Effect of the termite mounds on the vegetative production of three cultivars of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.: Solanaceae) grown in Brazzaville, Congo
English Abstract
The productivity of black nightshade is low on the overexploited soils in the suburban areas of Brazzaville. The objective was to evaluate the contribution of termite mound on the plant growth of three black nightshade cultivars. The termite mounds were collected, crushed, sieved and amended the planks of 3m x 1.2m. A board having received 0 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg and 6 kg of termite mounds, 60 plants of a cultivar were transplanted at 20 x 20 cm intervals according to a complete 4 x 3 bi-factorial diagram housed in a block plan completely randomized. The treatments were repeated three times. The results showed better growth in height and diameter, as well as better foliar development of seedlings amended with termite mounds compared to those that did not. The contribution of 6 kg of termite mound had a positive influence on the root development of the three cultivars. The contribution of 2 kg, 4 kg and 6 kg of termite mound improved vegetative growth and yield in aboveground and belowground biomass of three black nightshade cultivars grown in Congo.
© 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Congo, cultivar, fertility, Termite fungi, vegetative production, Solanum nigrum L.
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Raskin, Lev, Larysa Sukhomlyn, Viacheslav Karpenko, and Dmytro Sokolov. "Statistical processing of a small sample of raw data using artificial orthogonalisation technology." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 4 (123) (June 30, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.282130.
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This paper addresses the task to devise a statistical estimation procedure in an event where the volume of the array of initial data used in processing is insufficient to correctly determine the parameters of the response function. The object of research is the technology of statistical processing of a small sample of data. The subject of the study is the methods of statistical estimation under conditions of a small sample of initial data. The main direction is to devise a special procedure for statistical processing of a small sample of initial data, which provides a correct statistical estimation of the parameters of the response function. The method for solving the problem is the selection of the most representative orthogonal replica-like subplan from the plan of a complete factorial experiment obtained by artificially orthogonalizing the results of a passive experiment. The necessity and expediency of the proposed procedure is a consequence of the unpredictability and uneven distribution of points in the phase space of coordinates. The result of the implementation of the corresponding procedure is a truncated orthogonal plan of the full factorial experiment, which provides the possibility of independent estimation of all coefficients of the regression polynomial describing the response function. Under conditions of a severe shortage of the number of measurements, the procedure makes it possible to isolate a representative orthogonal replica from the resulting plan of a complete factorial experiment. Using this subplan of the full factorial experiment plan makes it possible to evaluate all the coefficients of the regression polynomial that describes the desired response function. The corresponding computational procedure is based on solving the triaxial Boolean assignment problem
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Okawa, Y., S. Shinozuka, R. Ota, and S. Matsui. "Experience of 16 Years' Operation and Maintenance of the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex – I. Operation and Maintenance." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0137.
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The Kashima petrochemical complex and the Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant are described. The complex consists of 19 core factories (petroleum, petrochemicals, and thermal power generation) and 39 other factories (including organic chemicals, foods, metals, machinery, etc.). The total amount of industrial wastewater produced is 59,800 m3/day. The treatment plant also accepts municipal wastewater from the surrounding area, totalling 1,100 m3/d. A system for charging for the industrial wastewater has been introduced. The water quality standards for the industrial wastewater discharged to the sewerage system and the effluent of the treatment plant are described. The main treatment process is activated sludge with operational conditions of high dissolved oxygen and long solids retention time (SRT). These operational conditions solved the problems of high ammonia and refractory substances in the influent. Complete nitrification occurred under the low alkalinity conditions and the effluent COD was low due to the long SRT. Successful operation and maintenance were achieved by good co-operation between the factories and the treatment plant.
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Kwon, Younghee, and Sehong Min. "Application of Sprinkler Head Discharge Obstruction in Semiconductor Factories." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.2.97.
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Semiconductor factories are significantly affected by the spray pattern of ceiling sprinkler heads owing to the large scale and complex mix of organic/exhaust ducts and multiple pipes. Therefore, sprinkler heads are installed in the spray disorder section of the lower barrier. However, more efficient installation measures are needed to mitigate the absence of detailed installation standards and interference with human and equipment transport lines. Currently, installation causes major confusion at construction sites and increases construction costs. The purpose of this research is to overcome these challenges by evaluating the operation status of sprinkler facilities in semiconductor factories, identify problems, and suggest more efficient installation measures. An installation plan that considers maintenance and fire extinguishing performance together is reviewed, and supported systematically with a relevant checklist.
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Kozawa, T., T. Wueki, H. Kobayashi, and S. Matsui. "Management of Toxics for the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (February 1, 1992): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0099.
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The Kashima petrochemical complex and its Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant are described. When the factories of the complex discharge the wastewater, they must be in compliance with the standards designated in the Sewage Law of Japan, because they are users of the public sewage system. Ten of 81 factories discharged the wastewater containing identified toxics, and they treated corresponding toxic items before discharging to sewers. The wastewater of the factories was constantly monitored by the office of Kashima sewage works, and there had been few troubles with the operation of Fukashiba treatment plant. However, sludge contained cadmium at relatively high concentration in Fukashiba treatment plant, compared with sludge of the domestic sewage treatment plants. The sources of Cd were possibly the use of large amount of slaked lime in these factories. Prior to the construction of any new manufacturing plant, the office of Kashima sewage works practiced the test of biodegradability and toxicity of potential wastewater from the plant. The analytical method of GC/MS became a useful tool to confirm biodegradability and toxicity of substances in the wastewater from each plant.
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Salierno, Giulio, Letizia Leonardi, and Giacomo Cabri. "The Future of Factories: Different Trends." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 9980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219980.
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The technological advancements promote the rise of the fourth industrial revolution, where key terms are efficiency, innovation, and enterprises’ digitalization. Market globalization, product mass customization, and more complex products need to reflect on changing the actual design methods and developing business processes and methodologies that have to be data-driven, AI-assisted, smart, and service-oriented. Therefore, there is a great interest in experimenting with emerging technologies and evaluating how they impact the actual business processes. This paper reports a comparison among the major trends in the digitalization of a Factory of the Future, in conjunction with the two major strategic programs of Industry 4.0 and China 2025. We have focused on these two programs because we have had experience with them in the context of the FIRST H2020 project. European industrialists identify the radical change in the traditional manufacturing production process as the rise of Industry 4.0. Conversely, China mainland launched its strategic plan in China 2025 to promote smart manufacturing to digitalize traditional manufacturing processes. The main contribution of this review paper is to report about a study, conducted and part of the aforementioned FIRST project, which aimed to investigate major trends in applying for both programs in terms of technologies and their applications for the factory’s digitalization. In particular, our analysis consists of the comparison between Digital Factory, Virtual Factory, Smart Manufacturing, and Cloud Manufacturing. We analyzed their essential characteristics, the operational boundaries, the employed technologies, and the interoperability offered at each factory level for each paradigm. Based on this analysis, we report the building blocks in terms of essential technologies required to develop the next generation of a factory of the future, as well as some of the interoperability challenges at a different scale, for enabling inter-factories communications between heterogeneous entities.
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Кошевой, Н. Д., И. И. Кошевая, and Л. Г. Раскин. "СИНТЕЗ ОПТИМАЛЬНИХ ЗА ВАРТІСНИМИ АБО ЧАСОВИМИ ВИТРАТАМИ ПЛАНІВ ПОВНОГО ФАКТОРНОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ." Radioelectronic and Computer Systems, no. 2 (September 6, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2016.2.07.
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The method for synthesizing optimal plan for cost and time-consuming in full factorial experiment based on the use of Gray code were developed. It allows to search without a complete sort out of all the permutations of options. The catalog of optimal plans of full factorial experiment for a number of factors from 2 to 5 was formed. Check the performance of this method was carried out by the example of research in fiber angle converter into a digital code, and the technological process of manufacturing detail by hot stamping. Optimum plans of the experiment in cost and time-consuming were studied for these objects. It was proved that the sequence of the rows in increasing number of factors levels change must correspond to the sequence of factors in decreasing of cost by changing the levels of the factors.
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Wu, Ga, Buser Say, and Scott Sanner. "Scalable Planning with Deep Neural Network Learned Transition Models." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 68 (July 20, 2020): 571–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11829.
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In many complex planning problems with factored, continuous state and action spaces such as Reservoir Control, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), and Navigation domains, it is difficult to obtain a model of the complex nonlinear dynamics that govern state evolution. However, the ubiquity of modern sensors allows us to collect large quantities of data from each of these complex systems and build accurate, nonlinear deep neural network models of their state transitions. But there remains one major problem for the task of control – how can we plan with deep network learned transition models without resorting to Monte Carlo Tree Search and other black-box transition model techniques that ignore model structure and do not easily extend to continuous domains? In this paper, we introduce two types of planning methods that can leverage deep neural network learned transition models: Hybrid Deep MILP Planner (HD-MILP-Plan) and Tensorflow Planner (TF-Plan). In HD-MILP-Plan, we make the critical observation that the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) transfer function for deep networks not only allows faster convergence of model learning, but also permits a direct compilation of the deep network transition model to a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) encoding. Further, we identify deep network specific optimizations for HD-MILP-Plan that improve performance over a base encoding and show that we can plan optimally with respect to the learned deep networks. In TF-Plan, we take advantage of the efficiency of auto-differentiation tools and GPU-based computation where we encode a subclass of purely continuous planning problems as Recurrent Neural Networks and directly optimize the actions through backpropagation. We compare both planners and show that TF-Plan is able to approximate the optimal plans found by HD-MILP-Plan in less computation time. Hence this article offers two novel planners for continuous state and action domains with learned deep neural net transition models: one optimal method (HD-MILP-Plan) and a scalable alternative for large-scale problems (TF-Plan).
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Li, Yiduo, Debao Wang, Qipeng Li, Guangtao Cheng, Zhuoran Li, and Peiqing Li. "Advanced 3D Navigation System for AGV in Complex Smart Factory Environments." Electronics 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010130.
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The advancement of Industry 4.0 has significantly propelled the widespread application of automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems within smart factories. As the structural diversity and complexity of smart factories escalate, the conventional two-dimensional plan-based navigation systems with fixed routes have become inadequate. Addressing this challenge, we devised a novel mobile robot navigation system encompassing foundational control, map construction positioning, and autonomous navigation functionalities. Initially, employing point cloud matching algorithms facilitated the construction of a three-dimensional point cloud map within indoor environments, subsequently converted into a navigational two-dimensional grid map. Simultaneously, the utilization of a multi-threaded normal distribution transform (NDT) algorithm enabled precise robot localization in three-dimensional settings. Leveraging grid maps and the robot’s inherent localization data, the A* algorithm was utilized for global path planning. Moreover, building upon the global path, the timed elastic band (TEB) algorithm was employed to establish a kinematic model, crucial for local obstacle avoidance planning. This research substantiated its findings through simulated experiments and real vehicle deployments: Mobile robots scanned environmental data via laser radar and constructing point clouds and grid maps. This facilitated centimeter-level localization and successful circumvention of static obstacles, while simultaneously charting optimal paths to bypass dynamic hindrances. The devised navigation system demonstrated commendable autonomous navigation capabilities. Experimental evidence showcased satisfactory accuracy in practical applications, with positioning errors of 3.6 cm along the x-axis, 3.3 cm along the y-axis, and 4.3° in orientation. This innovation stands to substantially alleviate the low navigation precision and sluggishness encountered by AGV vehicles within intricate smart factory environments, promising a favorable prospect for practical applications.
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Haran, O. V. "INDIVIDUAL ISSUES OF LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF FACTORING." Constitutional State, no. 44 (December 23, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2021.44.245082.
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The article is devoted to the disclosure of certain issues concerning the understanding of the essence of the category “factoring” as an important component of financial services through the prism of today’s challenges. It is determined that the concept of factoring (financing under the assignment of the right of monetary claim) is not enshrined in civil law. It was stressed that the economic crisis has exacerbated the problem of limiting financial resources and providing quality financial services, which leads to the search and implementation of innovative types of financial services and needs to improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, development of credit operations of banks and financial companies standards of the European Union, improving trade conditions in Ukraine. And here, factoring comes in handy, which is an effective tool to accelerate money circulation and increase business efficiency. However, due to the rapid development of factoring in the financial services market – regulations in this area need to be updated and there is a need to introduce new scientific recommendations for its practical application. In the article the essence of factoring is covered in the plane of theory, and also, in the plane of judicial practice. It is noted that among researchers of this issue there is no generalizing concept of this category and understanding the essence of this legal phenomenon through the prism of today’s challenges. Emphasis is placed on the existence of four main concepts of factoring, namely: the assignment of the right of claim; it is a banking operation; this is a type of financial services; this is a separate independent contract type. It is proposed to consider factoring as a complex concept. Particular attention is paid to the indication of the characteristics of financial services, which allows through their prism to highlight factoring transactions.
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Wu, Zhen-wei, Ming-hao Liu, Cheng-xiu Sun, and Xin-fa Wang. "A dataset of tomato fruits images for object detection in the complex lighting environment of plant factories." Data in Brief 48 (June 2023): 109291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109291.
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Shekhar, Shashank, Ronen I. Brafman, and Guy Shani. "A Factored Approach to Deterministic Contingent Multi-Agent Planning." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 29 (May 25, 2021): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v29i1.3550.
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Collaborative Multi-Agent Planning (MAP) under uncertainty with partial observability is a notoriously difficult problem. Such MAP problems are often modeled as DecPOMDPs, or its qualitative variant, QDec-POMDP, which is essentially a MAP version of contingent planning. The QDecPOMDP model was introduced with the hope that its simpler, non-probabilistic structure will allow for better scalability. Indeed, at least with deterministic actions, the recent IMAP algorithm scales much better than comparable DecPOMDP algorithms (Bazinin and Shani 2018). In this work we suggest a new approach to solving Deterministic QDecPOMDPs based on problem factoring. First, we find a solution to a MAP problem where the results of any observation is available to all agents. This is essentially a single-agent planning problem for the entire team. Then, we project the solution tree into sub-trees, one per agent, and let each agent transform its projected tree into a legal local tree. If all agents succeed, we combine the trees into a valid joint-plan. Otherwise, we continue to explore the space of team solutions. This approach is sound, complete, and as our empirical evaluation demonstrates, scales much better than the IMAP algorithm.
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Kang, J. Y., and C. S. Ryoo. "A Research on a Certain Family of Numbers and Polynomials Related to Stirling Numbers, Central Factorial Numbers, and Euler Numbers." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/158130.
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Recently, many mathematicians have studied different kinds of the Euler, Bernoulli, and Genocchi numbers and polynomials. In this paper, we give another definition of polynomialsŨn(x). We observe an interesting phenomenon of “scattering” of the zeros of the polynomialsŨn(x)in complex plane. We find out some identities and properties related to polynomialsŨn(x). Finally, we also derive interesting relations between polynomialsŨn(x), Stirling numbers, central factorial numbers, and Euler numbers.
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McQuilken, Lisa, Nichola Robertson, Michael Polonsky, Paul Harrison, and David Bednall. "Perceptions of mobile plan unit pricing and terms and conditions." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 34, no. 6 (September 5, 2016): 734–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-08-2014-0153.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the efficacy of disclosing unit pricing and increasing the type size of complex terms and conditions in advertising. This is in line with recommendations made by global telecommunications regulators, including in Australia, to protect consumers in selecting mobile plans. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed a 2 (unit price disclosed: no, yes)×3 (type size: nine-, 12- and 15-point terms and conditions) full factorial, between-subjects experimental design using a scenario and fictional advertisements for 24-month mobile phone plans. This was complemented by 24 in-depth interviews with consumers who had recently purchased “real” plans and their assessment of these. Findings Extra information in the form of unit pricing has a positive influence on consumers’ value perceptions, but not on perceived confusion or risk. Presenting complex terms and conditions in larger type increases consumers’ perceived confusion and risk, but not perceived value, as consumers have difficulty understanding the complicated information presented. Research limitations/implications This study focused on a single country market for one product type of mobile phones, using a limited range of mobile plans. Practical implications Public policymakers and providers are advised to pre-test planned changes to advertising’s informational content prior to implementation to identify the efficacy of proposed changes to protect consumers. Consumers may also need to be educated to accurately interpret complex plans. Originality/value The study contributes to the domain of informational content in advertising as a form of consumer protection. The effect of unit pricing and larger type for terms and conditions on consumer perceptions has not been examined previously in complex product settings.
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Nakamura, Takayuki, Jun’ichi Kaneko, Takeyuki Abe, and Kenichiro Horio. "Developing a Support System for Loading Planning." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2019): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0475.
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While loading equipment into factories or facilities, pre-loading planning on computers to determine a loading object’s posture and its loading path will help reduce trials and errors at the site location. During such pre-loading planning, we need to detect the shape data of both the factory area and loading object and their interference states and then plan the loading object’s posture accordingly. In practice, however, there are a considerable number of issues while acquiring the latest factory area data and while grasping where the loading object in complex postures will result in interference, both simultaneously and for a short time period. In this study, we aimed at resolving the above-mentioned difficulties by developing a system that can detect where the loading object will interfere by means of polygonal shapes and can visualize the area by means of point clouds, both working in conjunction so that the developed system can automatically plan a loading object’s posture and can visualize its planned posture through augmented reality.
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Zamora Cabrera, Antonio. "An Implicit Plan Landscape, Art and Lanzarote’s Tourism Development (1960-1974)." Ara: Revista de Investigación en Turismo 3, no. 2 (May 11, 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/ara.v3i2.19034.
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A pesar de no existir un plan formal, una serie de factores subyacentes han generado un proyecto que buscaba hibridar el turismo y el paisaje a través de la protección del medio ambiente de Lanzarote, adaptándose a su vez a la actividad económica de la región. Con el objetivo de mantenerse fiel a la naturaleza de la isla, no se adoptaron soluciones como fragmentos aislados sino como parte de un sistema completo. Esto resultó en un destacado modelo de interacción humana con el entorno mientras se conseguía una imagen diferente y competitiva dentro del mercado turístico.
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Levchenko, D. V. "SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL 6 FACTORS EXPERIMENT PLAN IN THE STUDY OF ICE STARTING QUALITIES." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.12.
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The practical significance of the application of multivariate regression analysis in engineering practice as a necessary step towards improving and optimizing complex systems and processes is presented. The goal and investigation tasks have been actualized to optimize the start-up process of a high-speed subcompact diesel engine. Preparation of the plural factors experiment features of diesel start-up process based on regression analysis and the theory of mathematical design of experiment are presented. Qualitative optimizing parameters of the diesel engine cold start are determined: instantaneous acceleration of the crankshaft dn / dτ at the time of crankshaft cranking by an external energy source close to the time spent on starting the engine with optimal parameters of the starting system and starting energy consumed during the crankshaft cranking by an external energy source. Six main factors influence on certain parameters of the diesel engine start quality have been investigated. The regression equation for assessing the quality of the start-up process is substantiated. The form of regression equation is a full quadratic polynomial for the reproduction of the investigated functions, based on the previous study of some used in the study individual factors influence. The analysis of proposals for rational plan selection of a six-factor experiment to find the coefficients of the second-degree regression polynomial is carried out. The substantiation of the decision regarding the choice of the plan is given. Selection was based on the requirements of the investigation test bench and the conditions for study organizing. Main impact had the predecessors experience of similar investigation and the statistical criteria for different plans of experiment comparison used in mathematical theory of design of experiments. The points of the plan have been defined on a multidimensional cube due to the need to vary on three levels with a uniform step of all 6 factors that were identified as influential. Under the conditions of the available laboratory test bench, the current values of the factors of equivalent cold start temperature, crankshaft-cranking speed and maximum temperature of the glow plugs have a variance of the installation at different points of the plan, and the nature of the factors on energy consumption is unknown in advance. As a rational experimental design for organizing the current study, the Box-Wilson orthogonal central compositional plan was chosen, built by adding plan points on the axes of the factorial space to the full-factorial plan of the lowest order, while maintaining the requirement of orthogonality and symmetry of the plan.
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Kowalski, Arkadiusz, and Robert Waszkowski. "Layout Guidelines for 3D Printing Devices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186333.
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3D printing methods are constantly gaining in popularity among investors, allowing for the production of products with a complex structure, and also used in the production of products with increasingly longer production series. It is planned to build factories (or those already under construction) in which 3D printing devices are the basic production devices. It is therefore important to develop guidelines and recommendations for layout design principles for additive technologies’ devices. A question should be asked: will the development of a layout for additive technology machines in future factories differ from the preparation of a layout plan, for example, removal machining devices? Is it safe to assume that the mathematical methods of optimizing the layout of Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique (CRAFT), Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP), and Modified Spanning Tree (MST) workstations or Schmigalla triangles will also work for 3D printing machines and devices? In search of answers to these questions, the article will attempt to apply a selected mathematical method to optimize the layout of workstations when machines and devices of additive technology are deployed for the assumed technological process and implemented according to frequently used Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technologies. A sample layout will be prepared for the assumed production plan and selected 3D printing technologies. Requirements and guidelines relevant to the development of layout plans will be collected regarding the necessary space, installations, and connections.
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Elawad F Elfaki, Akram HM Ali, Arwa M Abdallah, Entsar H Ali, Mofeda Y Andl, Mona A Rabih, and Muzdlefa MM Abdo. "Recycling of garments scrap." Open Access Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjet.2023.4.1.0051.
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The garments factories left behind different quantities of scraps of waste and unnecessary clothes utilized but can recycle this scraps and tap including in other applications. The aim is to recycle clothes scraps and use it in two applications, the first application is to manufacture clothes for baby clothes using a singer machine and over lock machine and the second application is wood industry compressed using the method a mechanical machine hot pressure. Results obtained from the first application is baby clothes close quality of clothes imported and results are made get it from the second application they are fragile plank samples compact and that proportion of the substance . Large quantities of scarps are extracted from garment factories that cannot be counted, these factories use different raw material and pattern of fabrics in the manufacture of different type of clothing.
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Besseris, George. "Multi-factorial Lean Six Sigma product optimization for quality, leanness and safety." International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 5, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-06-2013-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide a method for Lean Six Sigma (LSS) improvement projects that may aid LSS practitioners to plan and conduct robust and lean product/process optimization studies for complex and constrained products, such as those encountered in food industry operations. Design/methodology/approach – The technique is to be used for replicated LSS product experimentation on multiple effects elicited on several product traits. The authors compress replicated information reducing each response to simpler lean and robust median and range response components. Then, the desirability method is utilized to optimize concurrently location and dispersion contributions. Findings – The suggested method is demonstrated with a case study drawn from the area of food development where cocoa-cream filling for a large-scale croissant production operation undergoes a robust screening on two crucial characteristics – viscosity and water activity – that influence product and process performance as well as product safety. Originality/value – The proposed method amalgamates concepts of fractional factorial designs for expedient experimentation along with robust multi-factorial inference methods easily integrated to the desirability function for determining significant process and product effects in a synchronous multi-characteristic improvement effort. The authors show that the technique is not hampered by ordinary limitations expected with mainstream solvers, such as MANOVA. The case study is unique because it brings in jointly lean, quality and safety aspects of an edible product. The showcased responses are unique because they influence both process and product behavior. Lean response optimization is demonstrated through the paradigm.
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Romano, Pietro, Ionela Birloaga, and Francesco Vegliò. "Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design." Minerals 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13040479.
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The recovery of materials and energy from end-of-life products is increasingly a fundamental factor in the sustainable development of various countries. Recovering metals from different types of waste is not only a practice in support of the environment, but is also a profitable economic activity. For this reason, exhausted automotive catalysts can become renewable sources of critical raw materials such as Pt, Pd, and Rh. However, recovering Pt and Pd from spent catalysts through an efficient, economical, and green method remains a challenge. This article presents a new leaching process for the hydrometallurgical recovery of Pt and Pd from exhausted automotive catalysts. The leaching solution consists of an aqueous mixture of hydrochloric acid, two organic acids (citric acid and acetic acid) and hydrogen peroxide. A complete factorial plan on two levels (2k) was performed in order to evaluate the main effects of the analyzed factors and their interactions. The factors that were presumed to be the most influential on the leaching of Pt and Pd were the concentrations of the different reagents and the reaction time. The optimal circumstances for achieving the largest recovery (over 80% Pt and 100% Pd) were achieved using the following conditions: a concentration of HCl of 5 M, a concentration of H2O2 of 10% wt./vol., a concentration of C2H4O2 of 10%vol./vol., and a reaction time of 3 h.
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Barnes, Timothy, Eleanor Elizabeth Harris, Michael Holloman, Hyder Husain Arastu, Clinton Leinweber, Andrew Wenhua Ju, and James Naves. "A quality verification tool to assure complete pre-treatment electronic medical records (EMR) for patients undergoing radiation therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.103.
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103 Background: Complete medical records are critical for correct implementation of the intended care plan. Sentinel items include pathological reports, tumor staging, complete history and physical, pre-treatment performance and pain assessment, documented informed consent, and written directive/plan of care. The advent of electronic medical records and expanded use of technology have necessitated methodology to assure medical record completeness and quality. The technical portions of radiation oncology practice require unique EMR systems that are often used in addition to other institutional systems. The complete patient record is the aggregate of all systems. Methods: We developed a list of sentinel items that compose a complete pre-treatment radiation oncology medical record. This list was developed into an electronic spreadsheet and is recorded for each patient and his/her attending radiation oncologist. This tool is completed at the pre-treatment peer-review presentation and recorded for completeness and deficiencies. Any deficiencies were noted for resolution and tracked as a continuous quality improvement (CQI) activity to identify deficit root cause, interventions, and effectiveness of action(s). Results: Accumulative data showed the number and percentage of variances from standard practice as recorded at the time of initial peer review case presentation. Generally, the data showed improvement in completeness of the pre-treatment EMR by physician for the period February, 2015- November 2015. An initial 16% variance rate was recorded upon observation only in February of 2015. Variances over 5% were addressed and improvement programs instituted as needed. A final variance rate of 2.3% recorded in November 2015. Conclusions: Ongoing monitoring is an important strategy to assure complete pre-treatment medical records. The reasons for deficits are multi-factorial. Physician compliance and data availability, particularly for patients referred from outside facilities, were especially notable but resolution strategies have improved the system’s performance. These lessons will be part of the implementation plan for new EMRs over the upcoming months.
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Romero Oliva, Manuel Francisco, Alba Ambrós Pallarés, and Fernando Trujillo Sáez. "Hábitos lectores de los adolescentes en un ecosistema llamado escuela: factores determinantes en estudiantes de educación secundaria." Investigaciones Sobre Lectura, no. 13 (May 27, 2020): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37132/isl.v0i13.295.
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This work is part of the project “Determining factors in the reading habits of Secondary Education students. A study from the variables of the educational context” (PR2017040), financed by the Own Research Plan of the University of Cadiz. The main objective of the study is focused on analyzing those determining factors that affect the formation of new readers in the school in a global and integrating way. Taking as a reference the idea of the ecosystem or ecological environment of Bronfenbrenner (2001), an analogy is made with the educational system and the agents that intervene in the reading habits of adolescents in their educational stage of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO). These approaches were used to review a Questionnaire on Reading Habits, which the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport presented in an ambitious Plan to Promote Reading in 2001 and to adapt it to the needs of the PR2017040 Project. The conclusions illustrate that this complex issue of reading habits cannot be studied with a questionnaire as the only research instrument, since it is necessary to give voice to the different agents that participate in the process and, therefore, agree with Molina et al. (2011) in proposing the design research model to understand and improve the educational reality through the consideration of natural contexts in all their complexity.
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Latorre-Biel, J. I., E. Jiménez-Macías, J. Blanco-Fernández, E. Martínez-Cámara, J. C. Sáenz-Díez, and M. Pérez-Parte. "Decision Support System, Based on the Paradigm of the Petri Nets, for the Design and Operation of a Dairy Plant." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2015-0063.
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Abstract Despite its worldwide presence, the characteristics of dairy industry may vary largely from one country to another and also between the different regions of a country. Farmers can form co-operatives or operate individually, while processors may transform very different amounts of milk into a diversity of dairy products. Moreover, the variety of dairy products that can be found in the market, the short-term expiry date of some of them, as well as the strong competition for a saturated market, lead to a complex environment, where the design and operation of the dairy factories require decision support tools for helping the decision makers. In this paper, it is considered the development of a decision support system for improving the survival chances of dairy plants in a competitive worldwide market. This tool is based in the implementation of an optimization process, where the performance evaluation of the feasible decisions is performed by means of simulation. The objective of the decision making covers the complete life cycle of the dairy plant from its design to its operation.
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Mofidian, Saleh, and Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi. "Evaluation of Integrated Farming of Rice and Duck on Rice Grain Yield in Gilan, Iran." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041161.
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In order to evaluate integrated farming of rice and duck on rice grain yield, an experiment was performed on Oryza sativa L. in Gilan, Iran in 2013. This experiment was performed based on factorial split and it was also according to plan of randomized complete block (RCB) in three replications. In this experiment the main factor of duck was between two levels (by presence of duck and without presence of duck) and the minor factor was the factorial combination of weeding levels (weeding on the releasing day of ducks and not weeding on the releasing day of ducks); and also the planting spaces were 20×20 cm, 25×25 cm, 30×30 cm.The results of the analysis of variance show that the presence of duck in a rice field causes increasing in plant height, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, weight of thousands grains, harvest index (HI) and grain yield. In total, results and statistics show that using duck in rice fields causes increasing in grain yield and consequently it increases farmer’s income and also reduction of using agricultural pesticides and protecting the environment.
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Chiţu, Alexandru, and Ioan Bradu Iamandescu. "Hostility, anger-in, rumination and aggressivity – major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD)." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.1.5.
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Friedman and Rosenman are highlighting behavioral type A as a major riskfactor for evolution worsening of myocardial infarction, was first and decisive step for clearly specifying the role of supportive psychosocial factors in etiopathogenesis of the coronary heart disease. Then, the reason that this type of behavior has been highlighted in other psychosomatic diseases (and even some healthy subjects) led to the need to fi nd other psychological variables – of personality, especially – associated with type A and convincing predictive value numerous epidemiological and experimental studies. In the last two decades has been it’s presence in some carriers of type A – which showed clinical and laboratory manifestations of coronary artery disease (including exploration angiographic coronary flow and computerized measurements) – this constant in varying degrees of complex traits emotional underpinning of increased aggression: hostility (cognitive and/or behavioral) – in particular internalized anger (anger-in) and ruminative anger. These variables have the correspondent psychological, somatic plan, vascular hyperreactivity to stress hormones (catecholamines and cortisol in particular) resulting in increased plasma cholesterol, myocardial oxygen consumption, the platelets aggregation etc. In essentially agressive featuters frequently expressed to the many distress “collected” by holders type A, pressed myocardium with pathophysiological changes specific for aggression.
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Robinson, Nathan, Charles Gretton, Duc Nghia Pham, and Abdul Sattar. "SAT-Based Parallel Planning Using a Split Representation of Actions." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 19 (October 16, 2009): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v19i1.13368.
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Planning based on propositional SAT(isfiability) is a powerful approach to computing step-optimal plans given a parallel execution semantics. In this setting: (i) a solution plan must be minimal in the number of plan steps required, and (ii) non-conflicting actions can be executed instantaneously in parallel at a plan step. Underlying SAT-based approaches is the invocation of a decision procedure on a SAT encoding of a bounded version of the problem. A fundamental limitation of existing approaches is the size of these encodings. This problem stems from the use of a direct representation of actions — i.e. each action has a corresponding variable in the encoding. A longtime goal in planning has been to mitigate this limitation by developing a more compact split — also termed lifted — representation of actions in SAT encodings of parallel step-optimal problems. This paper describes such a representation. In particular, each action and each parallel execution of actions is represented uniquely as a conjunct of variables. Here, each variable is derived from action pre and post-conditions. Because multiple actions share conditions, our encoding of the planning constraints is factored and relatively compact. We find experimentally that our encoding yields a much more efficient and scalable planning procedure over the state-of-the-art in a large set of planning benchmarks.
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Song, Hasup, Injong Gi, Jihyuk Ryu, Yonghwan Kwon, and Jongpil Jeong. "Production Planning Forecasting System Based on M5P Algorithms and Master Data in Manufacturing Processes." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2023): 7829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137829.
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With the increasing adoption of smart factories in manufacturing sites, a large amount of raw data is being generated from manufacturers’ sensors and Internet of Things devices. In the manufacturing environment, the collection of reliable data has become an important issue. When utilizing the collected data or establishing production plans based on user-defined data, the actual performance may differ from the established plan. This is particularly so when there are modifications in the physical production line, such as manual processes, newly developed processes, or the addition of new equipment. Hence, the reliability of the current data cannot be ensured. The complex characteristics of manufacturers hinder the prediction of future data based on existing data. To minimize this reliability problem, the M5P algorithm, is used to predict dynamic data using baseline information that can be predicted. It combines linear regression and decision-tree-supervised machine learning algorithms. The algorithm recommends the means to reflect the predicted data in the production plan and provides results that can be compared with the existing baseline information. By comparing the existing production plan with the planning results based on the changed master data, it provides data results that help production management determine the impact of work time and quantity and confirm production plans. This means that forecasting data directly affects production capacity and resources, as well as production times and schedules, to help ensure efficient production planning.
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Si, Tongguang, Hong Xian Li, Zhen Lei, Hexu Liu, and SangHyeok Han. "A Dynamic Just-in-Time Component Delivery Framework for Off-Site Construction." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9953732.
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Off-site construction entails various advantages compared with the traditional construction method; however, the fragmentation of the prefabrication and assembly results in a complex supply chain. Both general contractors and factories often encounter production deviation, making the original component delivery plan nonoptimal. Traditionally, both parties tend to rely on internal resources or third-party resources to manage schedule changes, paying little attention to the optimisation of the component delivery process. The static compensation mechanisms reported in existing literature require factories to manage demand fluctuations but fail to encourage general contractors to control schedule deviations. Therefore, a dynamic compensation mechanism is proposed to achieve just-in-time component delivery, with which a factory shares possible changes for each component’s delivery date to its clients on an inverse Kanban system. First, unfavourable changes for the factory schedule are allocated with surcharges, and the general contractor should compensate the factory if it accepts the date changes; secondly, schedule changes that are beneficial for the factory are assigned as incentives, and the general contractor receives the factory’s incentive upon agreeing to the changes. Based on these two scenarios, genetic algorithm-based optimisation models are developed to achieve optimal delivery planning solutions. General contractors can obtain an optimal component delivery date to reduce the additional cost when they have changed the assembly schedule. General contractors can also optimise their component delivery schedule to trade their duration flexibility for incentives offered by factories. The models can help both parties to reduce component delivery waste when either side has the motivation to change the original component delivery schedules.
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Babenko, Vladyslav, and Svitlana Klepikova. "ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF RECEIVABLES PJSC "COMPLEX BEZLYUDOVSKY MEAT-PACKING PLANT"." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2021.1.3.
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The definition of receivables and its importance in the effective functioning of the enterprise is given. Taking into account the main stages of conductinga comprehensive analysis of receivables, developed an organizational and economic model of receivables analysis for the company, which defines thecomposition and structure of receivables, analysis of deviations and trends in changes in receivables for the period. It is stated that when makingmanagement decisions on the management of receivables should take into account all the factors and reasons that affect its occurrence. An assessmentof the size, structure and dynamics of receivables on the example of the financial statements of the food industry were performed. To determine theability to settle with creditors at the expense of receivables, the ratio of its ratio to accounts payable is calculated. The importance of constant controland monitoring of funds in settlements with debtors was determined, as well as the impact of receivables on the financial condition of enterprises -liquidity, solvency, financial stability, competitiveness and more. Different opinions of specialists on receivables management models to increase theefficiency of the business entity are considered. It is proposed to improve the turnover of working capital, prevent losses from overdue and badreceivables, as well as to cover losses from their late return, improve the management of receivables in enterprises through the use of collection:providing discounts for quick payment for products; factoring - sale of receivables; penalties for late payments. The necessary rules for achieving theoptimal amount of receivables are indicated.
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Silva, Flavia Manente da, Fábio Orssatto, Eduardo Eyng, Laercio Mantovani Frare, Ilton José Baraldi, and Leandro Fleck. "Evaluation of electrocoagulation in the post-treatment of anaerobic wastewater of slaughterhouse and packing plant." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 5 (October 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2745.
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The demand for food production brings with it the increase of effluent generation, which represents a great problem for slaughterhouses, since effluents contain higher organic load, requiring adequate treatment to decrease environmental impacts. This study examines an alternative to solve this problem: the application of electrocoagulation in the treatment of anaerobic slaughterhouse and packing plant effluents, as this promising technique is both compact and robust. The removal of color, COD and turbidity was analyzed, and the operational cost was calculated. To optimize the process, the CCRD (central composite rotatable design) methodology was used with two independent variables: electric current density and electrolysis time, obtaining a complete factorial of 2² with 4 axial points and 4 repetitions at the central point. The most expressive removals were: 87%, 80% and 76% for color, COD and turbidity, respectively, the lower operational cost obtained was 0.12 US$.m-3. The statistical analysis allowed obtaining valid mathematical models for color removal and cost and, through the analysis of desirability, it was found that for current density of 8 mA.cm-2 and time of 20 minutes it is possible to maximize color removal (84%) and minimize the cost (0.21 US$.m-3).
Keywords: color, cost, COD, turbidity.
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Temukuev, T. B. "Managerial Tools Used in Business-Processes Re-Engineering." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 20, no. 2 (April 13, 2023): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2023-2-168-177.
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The article studies processes and methods used in case re-engineering of business-processes at the enterprise is necessary. Forward approach to re-engineering is grounded, which identifies its several stages and highlights key characteristics of managerial tools used there. Methods of analyzing efficiency of processes taking place in creating value (product, service, work) are shown. The author traces the way from the hypothesis of the necessity of process re-engineering to analyzing the final result and checking it for compliance with the strategic plan. Key tools of managing the process are shown and their efficiency is described as applied to business-processes in oil and gas industry. The feasibility of using functional-value, plan-factorial and structural analysis is studied. The research puts forward and corroborates the hypothesis that to realize re-engineering of evolutionary and revolutionary types it is necessary to use all three mentioned above methods, as they complement each other and it is also advisory to use data gained by one method in another one. On the basis of the analysis it is possible to conclude that this system of methodology can be used in restructuring business-processes connected with marketing and innovation activity at enterprises of the fuel and power-engineering complex in Russia.
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Tkachuk, Pavlo, Andrij Kharuk, Ihor Soliar, and Lilia Skorych. "Russian aviation industry and First World War challenges." History of science and technology 12, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-2-388-407.
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The purpose of this study is to highlight the peculiarities of the development of the Russian aviation industry during the First World War. The focus is on analyzing production programs and matching their quantitative and qualitative parameters to war requirements. The main methods used in our work are problem-chronological, used to describe the state of the Russian aviation industry, and comparative, used to compare the level of development of the Russian aviation industry with other countries that participated in the First World War. General scientific methods have also found their application ‒ primarily, analysis and synthesis. The research resulted in the following conclusions: First World War became a challenge for Russian industry that was in the developing stage, including aviation industry. Needs of the front demanded for increase in plane productions that was a complex task for Russia, taking into account its economic backwardness. Aviation industry, being represented by several big (in the scope of Russia) enterprises, demonstrated a dynamic of growth. For the war period the plane production capacity had increased only in 3 times while in Germany – in 10 times and in France and Great Britain the growth was much bigger. Leading enterprises of aviation industry, such as factory of Duks, Liebiediev, Anatra, Shchetinin – mainly copied foreign samples (French, and sometimes German). Efforts to establish the production of original samples were a complete failure. The most known example is fighter “Illia Muromets” that was a leading one in 1914 but became old-fashioned till 1917. Aviation engine production was also narrow and was far beyond plane production. Enormous investments made in the development existed and building of new enterprises of planes and aviation engines production in 1916‒1917 did not show any results, none of the enterprises started the production. We have analyzed some of these failures – building of Anatra factory in Simferopol and Matias factory in Berdiansk, and aero-motors factories Anatra in Simferopol and Deka in Aleksandrovsk. State police on controlling aviation industry based on providing subsidies and preferential loan, turned to be ineffective – it was vanished by basic purchasing prices that did not count on inflation. That is why Russian aviation industry appeared to be unable to face and respond to war challenges. Production plans of leading Russian aviation factories as well as qualitative and quantitative parameters of products have been analyzed in the article.
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Raskin, Lev, Viacheslav Karpenko, Yuriy Ivanchykhin, and Dmytro Sokolov. "DIAGNOSIS OF SYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF SMALL INITIAL DATA SAMPLING." Advanced Information Systems 7, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2023.3.05.
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Object of the study is to assess systems state in conditions of a small sample of initial data. Relevance of the problem is as follows. The functioning of a significant number of real objects takes place under conditions of poorly predicted changes in the values of environmental factors affecting system efficiency. The resulting heterogeneity of the results of objects experimental study and the environment of their functioning leads to reduction in sample size. At the same time, the standard requirements regarding the correspondence of the number of experiments and the number of coefficients of regression equation determining system state are not met. Purpose of the study is to develop methods for assessing systems state operating in a changing environment, in conditions of small sample of initial data. Tasks to be solved to achieve the goal: the first is the equivalent transformation of the set of observed initial data forming a passive experiment in aggregate into an active experiment, which corresponds to an orthogonal plan; the second is the construction of a truncated orthogonal representative sub-plan of the general orthogonal plan obtained as a result of solving the first problem. Research methods: statistical methods of experimental data processing, regression analysis, method for solving a triaxial boolean assignment problem. The results obtained: orthogonal representative subplan of the complete factorial experiment being formed makes it possible to calculate a truncated regression equation containing all the influencing factors and their interactions. Analysis of the coefficients of this equation by known methods makes it possible to cut off its insignificant elements.
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Wang, Na, Mali Shi, Shengmin Wu, Xinyan Guo, Xiaohui Zhang, Ni Ni, Sha Sha, and Houhu Zhang. "Study on Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emission Control and Reduction Potential in the Pesticide Industry in China." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081241.
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The pesticide industry is one of the primary industries with large and complex VOC emissions. The present study examined the emission characteristics and whole-process control of VOCs in the pesticide industry in China by reviewing pollutant discharge permits, questionnaires, and site investigations. After evaluating the effectiveness of current treatment technologies, the potential of VOC emission reduction in China was analyzed. The results indicate that there are 41 key VOC substances in the pesticide industry that should be given considerable attention. Among treatment facilities, incineration was found to be the most efficient technology, with a removal rate of 53–98% and coverage rate of 23.3%. Multistage absorption–adsorption is a universal technology that had a removal rate of 35–95% and coverage rate of 64.14%. Multistage absorption was used most frequently, with a coverage rate of 71.99%, but its removal rate was between 16 and 85%. Pesticide factories were divided into three levels according to their pollution control capability; the comprehensive removal rates of benchmark, moderate, and poor factories were 81%, 46%, and 8%, respectively, and the emission reduction ratios for high, moderate, and low targets were 41.55%, 32.12%, and 24.32% with corresponding emission reduction costs of $0.653, $0.505, and $0.038 billion/year. The results and prospects from this study will provide support for policy development in industrial VOC emission control in China during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period.
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Andrei, Ryabkov. "About the Work of Leningrad Industrial Enterprises in 1941." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 2 (2021): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.2.02.
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Before the Great Patriotic War (GPW) at least 1/3 of cumulative total yield of Leningrad factories was the products of ―defense‖ or ―special‖ function, i.e. military ones. A significant proportion of civilian products could also be used for the army, navy or the NKVD troop’s demands. Pre-war production planning provided for the all-round increase in the output of military products.In this regard, the city's enterprises experienced an acute shortage of production and office premises, electricity and personnel. Plants and factories operated with external raw materials and fuel which made them critically dependent on the functioning of the logistics chains connecting Leningrad with the regions of the USSR. The main criterion of evaluating the work of an industrial enterprise was the amount of output and the mandatory fulfillment or over-fulfillment of production plan. At the factories the problems of quality were ignored and this led to the necessity of conducting periodic campaigns of "struggle for quality" by senior management. However, such campaigns turned to be useless and did not result in the required demands due to the initially defective system of goal-setting in industry. The peculiarities of conducting economic activities in wartime, on the one hand, deepened the previous problems, on the other hand, made the processes of deploying new industries more dynamicby reducing the number of management links and lengthening work shifts,. The main role in setting production tasks to the enterprises was transferred from the specialized People's Commissariats to the City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and the Military Council of the Front; factories were often forced to execute three parallel production plans. The establishment of the blockade regime focused the industry of Leningrad almost exclusively on the interests of the Leningrad Front. Mobilization into the army and recruitment into the people's militia deprived enterprises of the number of qualified personnel; at first, the replacement of experienced workers by housewives and adolescents could not be considered complete and equivalent. In September – October 1941 the reserves of fuelwere exhausted in the city and this led to a fuel and energy crisis in November – December 1941 and an almost complete shutdown of heavy and light industry enterprises in the first quarter of 1942. The factors which influenced the manufacturing processes of Leningrad industrial enterprises in the pre-war, war and blockade periods of 1941 have been considered in the present article.
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Oliveira, Andréia de, Marcelo Akira Saito, Alessandra Guedes Baleroni, Robson Akira Matsuzaki, Filipe Bertagna, Amanda Tami Kuroda Colevate, Carlos Alberto Scapim, and Leandro Simoes Azevedo Gonçalves. "Methods of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in specialty maize genotypes under organic agriculture system." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 44 (May 24, 2022): e54910. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.54910.
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Organic agriculture systems have the nutrients supplied by plant or animal by-products, bioinoculants, and compost-based products as earthworm composts and green manures. However, the quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil amendments depend on their sources, and soil amendments are generally not sufficient to supply the nutritional requirements of maize crops. Moreover, specialty maize requires high levels of N. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate specialty maize varieties supplied with two microbial inoculants applied in two inoculation methods. These factorial treatments were compared with their checks (varieties without inoculation), and the interaction among these factors was also investigated. The trials were carried out during the growing season in 2017–2018 in the State University of Maringá. The popcorn trial followed the randomized complete block design where the factorial 3 × 2 × 2 + 3 had five replications. The trial with white grits maize followed the same experimental design but the factorial scheme was 2 × 2 × 2 + 2 with three replications. Both trials had maize varieties and two species of microbial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium sp.) applied in two inoculation methods, in the seeds and the foliar spray at V4 stage of plant development. The response traits were grain yield and the components of crop production. In both trials, we verified that the majority of the interactions among the factors was non-significant (p > 0.05), indicating the independence of these factors. Furthermore, the microbial inoculants had no beneficial effects on the traits. The possibility of a higher crop yield did not confirm the application of the inoculant in the stage V4. The organic compost may be the key point in mitigating the treatments with microbial inoculants due to the availability of N in the first stages of plant development. The traits also suggest the necessity of more trials about the influence of microbial inoculants on specialty maize production.
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Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira, José Antonio Quaggio, Heitor Cantarella, and Estêvão Vicari Mellis. "Potassium fertilization for pineapple: effects on plant growth and fruit yield." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (June 2011): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000200035.
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A field experiment with pineapple (Smooth Cayenne) was carried out on an Ultisol located in the city of Agudos (22º30'S; 49º03'W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of investigating the effects of rates and sources of potassium fertilizer on plant growth and fruit yield. The experiment was a complete factorial design (4x3) with four rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three combinations of K sources (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4, and 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Plant growth and fruit yield were evaluated. Biomass accumulation of pineapple plants was impaired by chlorine added with potassium chloride. Fruit yield increased with potassium fertilization. At high rates of K application, fertilization with K2SO4 showed better results than with KCl. Detrimental effects of KCl were associated with excess of chlorine.
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Dabwan, Abdulmajeed, Adham E. Ragab, Mohamed A. Saleh, Saqib Anwar, Atef M. Ghaleb, and Ateekh Ur Rehman. "Study of the Effect of Process Parameters on Surface Profile Accuracy in Single-Point Incremental Sheet Forming of AA1050-H14 Aluminum Alloy." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (January 8, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7265941.
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Single-point incremental forming is an innovative flexible and inexpensive technique to form sheet products when prototypes or small batches are required. The process allows complex geometries to be produced using a computer numerical control machine, eliminating the need for a special die. This study reports on the effects of four important single-point incremental forming process parameters on produced surface profile accuracies. The profile accuracy was estimated by measuring the side angle errors and surface roughness and also waviness and circularity of the product inner surface. Full factorial design of experiments was used to plan the study, and the analysis of variance was used to analyze and interpret the results. The results indicate that the tool diameter (d), step depth (s), and sheet thickness (t) have significant effects on the produced profile accuracy, while the feed rate (f) is not significant. As a general rule, thin sheets with greater tool diameters yielded the best surface quality. The results also show that controlling all surface quality features is complex because of the contradicting effects of, and interactions between, a number of the process parameters.
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Fakhri, H., and M. Sayyah-Fard. "Arik–Coon q-oscillator cat states on the noncommutative complex plane ℂq−1 and their nonclassical properties." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 04 (March 8, 2017): 1750060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817500608.
Full textAbstract:
The normalized even and odd [Formula: see text]-cat states corresponding to Arik–Coon [Formula: see text]-oscillator on the noncommutative complex plane [Formula: see text] are constructed as the eigenstates of the lowering operator of a [Formula: see text]-deformed [Formula: see text] algebra with the left eigenvalues. We present the appropriate noncommutative measures in order to realize the resolution of the identity condition by the even and odd [Formula: see text]-cat states. Then, we obtain the [Formula: see text]-Bargmann–Fock realizations of the Fock representation of the [Formula: see text]-deformed [Formula: see text] algebra as well as the inner products of standard states in the [Formula: see text]-Bargmann representations of the even and odd subspaces. Also, the Euler’s formula of the [Formula: see text]-factorial and the Gaussian integrals based on the noncommutative [Formula: see text]-integration are obtained. Violation of the uncertainty relation, photon antibunching effect and sub-Poissonian photon statistics by the even and odd [Formula: see text]-cat states are considered in the cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
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Izman, S., Amirreza Shayganpour, M. H. Idris, and Hassan Jafari. "DOE Analysis of the Influence of Sand Size and Pouring Temperature on Porosity in LFC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2661.
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Lost foam casting is a relatively new process in commercial terms and is widely used to produce defect free castings owing to its advantages like producing complex shape and acceptable surface finish. In the present research, experimental investigations in lost foam casting of aluminium-silicon cast alloy, LM6, were conducted. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different sand sizes and pouring temperatures on the porosity of thin-wall castings. A stepped pattern was used in the study and the focus of the investigations was at the thinnest 3 mm section. A full 2-level factorial design experimental technique was employed to plan the experiment and subsequently identify the significant factors which affect the casting porosity. The result shows that increasing in the pouring temperature decreases the porosity in the thin-wall section of casting. Finer sand size is more favourable than coarse size for LFC mould making process.
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Magalhães, João Emílio de Souza, Evander Alves Ferreira, Maxwel Coura de Oliveira, Gustavo Antonio Mendes Pereira, Daniel Valadão Silva, and José Barbosa dos Santos. "Effect of plant-biostimulant on cassava initial growth." Revista Ceres 63, no. 2 (April 2016): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663020012.
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ABSTRACT Biostimulants are complex substances that promote hormonal balance in plants, favor the genetic potential expression, and enhance growth of shoots and root system. The use of these plant growth promoters in crops can increase quantitatively and qualitatively crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial biostimulant on the initial growth of cassava. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design, corresponding to two cassava cultivars (Cacau-UFV and Coimbra) and five biostimulant concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 mL L-1). At 90 days after planting, the characteristics leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, total dry matter and dry matter of roots, stems and leaves were evaluated. The biostimulant promoted linear increases in plant height, leaf number, leaf area, total dry matter, dry matter of stems, leaves and roots. The cultivar Cacau-UFV had a higher growth rate than the cultivar Coimbra. The growth promoter stimulated the early growth of the cassava crop.
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Hanif, Benzfica, Aisyah Larasati, Rudi Nurdiansyah, and Trung Le. "The Effect of the Number of Hidden Layers on The Performance of Deep Q-Network for Traveling Salesman Problem." Knowledge Engineering and Data Science 6, no. 2 (October 4, 2023): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um018v6i22023p188-198.
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The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) effectively represents the complex distribution issues encountered by couriers, who must carefully plan a route that includes all customer addresses while minimizing the distance traveled. As the magnitude of deliveries and the range of destinations expand, the courier's responsibility becomes progressively challenging. In this particular context, the objective of our research is to expand the existing knowledge and explore the complete capabilities of Deep Q-Network (DQN) models in order to achieve the most efficient route determination. This endeavor can potentially bring about significant changes in the courier and delivery service sector. The foundation of our unique methodology relies on an empirical inquiry, utilizing a comprehensive dataset including 178 observations obtained from motorcycle-based package delivery agents. Our research is carefully planned and executed using a comprehensive factorial experimental design. This design incorporates three crucial factors: the number of hidden layers, episodes, and epochs. The hidden layer parameter is set to a singular level, while the episode parameter is configured to explore five levels, and the epoch parameter is designed to travel four levels. The evaluation of our DQN models' performance is conducted utilizing the MSE metric as a measure. This assessment is carried out at every iterative cycle, ensuring thorough scrutiny. The central focus of our research centers on the intricate connection between episodes and epochs, and their influence on MSE. The findings of our study reveal that the association between episodes, epochs, and errors is not statistically significant although different level of episodes and epochs produces slightly different level of error.
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Singh, S. Sanjay, Rocky Thokchom, Jenita Thokchom, Soumitra Sankar Das, Arvind S. Dhabe, and P. Kumar Singh. "Cultivation and Propagation of Iris laevigata Fisch., an Endangered Ethno-medicinal Plant of Imphal Valley Manipur, India." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 5 (April 15, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n5p153.
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Iris laevigata Fisch., is restricted geographically in Manipur, north eastern India. An experiment was planned with Factorial Randomized Block Design during 2018 to 2020 (3 seasons) in the study plots of ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat. The study encompasses on the growth and development of I. laevigata seedlings collected from Ipa Thoukok Complex: influenced by spacing, trimming and correlations amongst the growth parameters, so as to validate the most favourable conservation method for this endangered plant. Among the treatments, T6 = S2T3 (45 cm × trimming 40 DAT) was found the best treatment. T9 = S3T3 (60 cm × trimming 40 DAT) was second, T3 = S1T3 (30 cm × trimming 40 DAT) was the third and lowest was found in case of T1 = S1T1 (30 cm × 0 trimming, i.e., without trimming). Strong positive correlation between leaf surface area and plant height on the growth and development was found to be effective among other correlations.
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Matsui, S., Y. Okawa, and R. Ota. "Experience of 16 Years' Operation and Maintenance of the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex – II. Biodegradability of 37 Organic Substances and 28 Process Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0138.
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Twenty-eight process wastewaters and thirty-seven organic substances identified in the wastewater of the Kashima petrochemical complex were subjected to biodegradability tests. The tests consisted of the activated sludge degradability method and a supplementary test using the respiration meter method. Both tests utilized the activated sludge of the Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized to the wastewater and organic substances. The 28 process wastewaters were classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable, and non-biodegradable according to the percentage TOC removal and the BOD5/TOC ratio of the wastewater. The 37 organic substances were also classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable and non-biodegradable according to TOC and CODMn removal. In general, chlorinated compounds, nitro-aromatics and polymerized compounds were difficult to biodegrade. From the biodegradability tests of the factory wastewaters, it was found that the refractory CODMn loads of these factories contributed to the load remaining in the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant. Various improvements were made to reduce the discharge of refractory substances from the factories.
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Pitchay, Dharmalingam S., and Paul V. Nelson. "130 Impact of Fertilizer N Forms on Bedding Plant Development." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 464A—464. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.464a.
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It is a common practice in greenhouses to apply fertilizers with a high proportion of N in the NO3 form to achieve short, compact shoots and a moderate (25% or greater) proportion of NH4 or urea for large shoots. However, this practice is not substantiated in the scientific literature. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to assess effects of N form on development. In the first, Petunia hybrida `Mid-night Dreams' was treated with five ratios of NH4:NO3 or urea:NO3 in a factorial arrangement with three concentrations of N (50-low, 100-adequate, and 200-high mg/L at each irrigation). In the second experiment six species of bedding plants were treated in a factorial arrangement of five ratios of NH4:NO3 and two pH levels (acceptably low, 5.4-5.8, and unacceptably low, 4.6-5.2). In all comparisons, height and dry weight of shoots grown with 100% NO3 were equal or larger than the plants grown with combinations of N. There was a general trend for plants to be shorter and lighter at higher NH4 or urea proportions. These results refute the hypothesis that shoot size is under the control of N form. Depth of green foliar color correlated positively with proportion of NH4 or urea. Reputed NH4 toxicity symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis, and curling of older leaves occurred only at adversely low pH levels below 5.2 in experiment 2. Resistance of plants to this disorder under conditions of pH levels in the range of 5.4 to 5.8, high N application rates, and applications of 100% NH4 indicates that bedding plants during commercial production are fairly resistant to this disorder.
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Santos, Reginaldo Carreiro, and José Luís Martinho. "An Industry 4.0 maturity model proposal." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, no. 5 (December 9, 2019): 1023–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-09-2018-0284.
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Purpose In recent years, the development and application of innovative and disruptive technologies in manufacturing environments is shaping the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. The purpose of this paper is to describe a tool to assess the maturity level in implementing Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies in manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach Using a framework to develop maturity models found in literature, three main steps were taken: the model design from the literature review on industry 4.0 and the comparative analysis of existing models; interviews with engineers and managers of relevant industries; and pilot tests in two relevant industrial companies. Findings The proposed maturity model has 41 variables considering five dimensions (organizational strategy, structure and culture; workforce; smart factories; smart processes; smart products and services). The studied companies showed different levels of Industry 4.0 implementation. According to respondents, the model is useful in making an initial diagnosis and establishes a roadmap to proceed the implementation. Practical implications Empirical evidence supports the relevance of the proposed model and its practical usefulness. It can be used to measure the current state (initial diagnostic and monitoring assessments), and to plan the future desired state (goal), identifying which transformational capabilities should be developed. Originality/value The literature review did not return an enough complete maturity model to guide a self-administered assessment. Therefore, the proposed model is a valuable tool for companies and researchers to understand the I4.0 phenomenon, plan and monitor the transformation actions.
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Terenteva, O. A., E. V. Flisyuk, D. Yu Ivkin, and I. A. Narkevich. "Development of the Composition and Technology of New Neuroprotective Drug Tablets Using Fractional Factorial Design." Drug development & registration 9, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-1-18-22.
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Introduction. The creating an effective and safe domestic neuroprotective medicines with a complex of pleiotropic effects realized through specific orphan receptors (SUCNR1, HCA2) of glial cells, is a pressing problem of modern pharmacology and a promising possibility of pharmacotherapy of brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases. Ideally, the medicine should helps restore lost cognitive functions and physical performance after damage to the central nervous system, and its use should improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the risk of complications.Aim. To develop composition and technology of a new medicine tablets with neuroprotective effect, using fractional factorial design of experiment and the Harrington desirability function.Materials and methods. The shape and size of particles, physicochemical (solubility, melting point) and technological properties (bulk density, compressibility factor, fractional composition, hygroscopicity) of the pharmaceutical substance of DEAE derivative were studied according to the methods described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (14th edition). A three-factor fractional plan based on the 4 × 4 Latin square design for selection a scientifically based composition of solid dosage form was chosen. 16 experiments to test the significance of the factors were carried out. The tablets obtained according to the planning matrix were investigated for disintegration; tablet crush resistance, friability, and hygroscopicity. To optimize the quality of the tablets, the generalized Harrington desirability function was used.Results and discussion. The study of the physicochemical and technological properties of the DEAE derivative substance showed that it is a highly hygroscopic, amorphous, white or pale yellow, odourless powder, prone to the formation of agglomerates. The powder is very easily soluble in water. Taking into account the values of the general desirability function, the best result was shown by sample № 4 consisting of mannitol, calcium stearate, and partially pregelatinized maize starch.Conclusion. The physicochemical and technological properties of the DEAE derivative were studied. The DEAE derivative is a highly hygroscopic substance. Via the method of mathematical planning of the experiment the composition of DEAE derivative tablets was selected and scientifically grounded: DEAE derivative 60 mg, mannitol, partially pregelatinized maize starch, calcium stearate. The average tablet weight is 300 mg. The parameters of pressing tablets were selected.
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Koo, Chae-Chil, Dong-Hyun Seo, and Tae-Ho Kim. "Chemical Plant Explosion Accident (Cause) Analysis Using AcciMap and FRAM." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.613c0e37.
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To prevent accidents in chemical plants, it is important to identify the root cause of the accident and suggest countermeasures. When accident factors are known, eliminating the cause of the accident can increase its prevention. The number of factors, including social factors, in addition to human factors, is increasing. When analyzing the cause of an accident when it is complex, advanced, and the connection between processes is high, there is a growing need to approach it with an integrated system analysis method related to the organization, along with a sequential approach to determine the direct cause of the accident. Several countries have introduced and applied techniques for integrated analysis of accidents from a systematic viewpoint, such as AcciMap and the functional resonance accident model (FRAM) that were developed around 2000. However, it remains difficult to find cases or research results applied in Korea. In this study, accidents in Korean chemical factories are analyzed using systematic accident analysis techniques, and a plan to utilize systematic analysis techniques for future accident investigations is developed.