Journal articles: 'Plagiotropism'

1

Johnsen, Øystein, and Tore Skrøppa. "Genetic variation in plagiotropic growth in a provenance hybrid cross with Piceaabies." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-046.

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Plagiotropism (angle departure from orthotropic growth) was measured on 360 Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) clones propagated in 2 subsequent years. The clones were members of 20 full-sib families (18 clones per family) from a provenance hybrid factorial cross involving 10 parents of Norwegian (N) and 10 parents of east-European (EE) origin. The clones from the EE × EE crosses showed an average of 17° and 20° in plagiotropism, those from the N × N group showed 3° and 7° in plagiotropism, while the hybrids (EE × N and N × EE) showed 8° and 13° in plagiotropism in 1988 and 1989, respectively. A large family variation was found in the EE × EE and the hybrid groups (11 and 8.5% of total variation, respectively), but variation was small (3.5%) in the N × N group. The clonal component accounted for 10, 12, and 8.5% of total variation in EE × EE, hybrids, and N × N, respectively. Among the plagiotropic clones, some were heterogeneous with a large within-clone variation and others were homogeneous. The year × family and year × clone components were rather large in EE × EE (5 and 9% of total variation, respectively) but smaller in the hybrids and smallest in N × N. The clones with best growth were not among those with the worst plagiotropic growth. The clonal material is ideal for use in future studies on the genetic and physiological regulation of maturation.

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Veierskov, B., H. N. Rasmussen, B. Eriksen, and J. Hansen-Moller. "Plagiotropism and auxin in Abies nordmanniana." Tree Physiology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.1.149.

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Willemoës, Jorge G., José Beltrano, and Edgardo R. Montaldi. "Diagravitropic growth promoted by high sucrose contents in Paspalum vaginatum, and its reversion by gibberellic acid." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2035–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-278.

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Paspalum vaginatum Swartz stems growing in different directions (tillers, stolons, and rhizomes) were studied to determine the effect of sucrose on the phenomenon of plagiotropism. Sucrose content was found to be notably lower in erect stems than in stems growing horizontally. Plants sprayed with gibberellic acid underwent upward curvatures of stolons and showed a remarkable decrease in sucrose content of stolons and rhizomes. An exogenous supply of a 0.03 M sucrose solution to stolons did not significantly reduce the negative gravitropic curvature induced by excising them from the parent plant, but a more concentrated solution (0.21 M sucrose) maintained the plagiotropic growth. Gibberellic acid treatment overcame the effect of a high sucrose supply and induced upward curvatures even with a high sucrose supply.

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Edson, John L., David L. Wenny, Lauren Fins, and Lorin W. Roberts. "Growth and form of western larch stecklings: plagiotropism and reiteration." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-142.

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Western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.) in the interior northwestern United States produces small and infrequent cone crops resulting in recurrent seed shortages throughout much of its range. Vegetatively propagated planting stock could potentially alleviate shortages of seedlings for artificial regeneration. In a greenhouse study to evaluate suitability of rooted cuttings for forestry, morphology and growth of container-grown stecklings from 1- and 3-year-old ortets were compared with seedlings for up to 6 years after rooting. Newly rooted stecklings produced an average 50% orthotropic, 32% plagiotropic, and 18% suppressed leaders. One-year-old steckling leaders elongated 46% as long as 1-year-old orthotropic steckling leaders after fertilization with 20:20:20 N–P–K at 120 ppm N (p = 0.0001). In subsequent years, orthotropic stecklings elongated more than seedlings. Plagiotropic leaders (average deflection of 24°) developed upright form within 2 years. Competing axillary shoots delayed development of dominant leaders for up to 3 years. Vestiges of atypical habit included small basal stem crooks and sparse branching. Although staking and pruning promoted excurrent habit, poor quality of container-grown stecklings can limit indoor nursery production. Effects of ortet and environment on quality should be examined before stecklings are field tested for use in reforestation.

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Hibbert-Frey, Haley, John Frampton, Frank A. Blazich, Doug Hundley, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Grafting Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri): Effect of Scion Origin (Crown Position and Branch Order)." HortScience 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.1.91.

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Success and subsequent growth of fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] cleft grafts were studied in relation to origin and type of scion material in the tree crown. First- and second-order shoots (current-year) were collected from five zones in the crown, ranging from top to bottom, and grafted to 5-year-old fraser fir transplants in April. Success rates were similar for first- and second-order scions, whereas budbreak and subsequent growth were best for first-order scions. In general, results were best for first-order scions taken from the upper crown. Plagiotropism of grafts was similar for all crown zones and shoot types.

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Timmis, Roger, Gary A. Ritchie, and Gerald S. Pullman. "Age- and position-of-origin and rootstock effects in Douglas-fir plantlet growth and plagiotropism." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 29, no. 3 (June 1992): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00034351.

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Wise, Farrell C., Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Propagation of Abiesfraseri by softwood stem cuttings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-190.

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Effects of collection date, crown position, and indole-3-butyric acid concentration on rooting and subsequent vegetative growth of softwood cuttings taken from 14-year-old Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) Christmas trees were studied. Indole-3-butyric acid levels producing maximum rooting (approximately 50%) varied with crown position and date of severance. Abaxial bending during rooting was greatest for cuttings from the first collection (June 23). Increasing indole-3-butyric acid concentrations decreased abaxial bending of cuttings from the first two severance dates. One year after rooting, plagiotropism was still most pronounced on cuttings collected the first date as a result of active bending of the original cutting segment. Terminal shoot growth was greatest for cuttings from the first and third collections. Lateral budbreak was superior on cuttings collected on the first date. When all factors are taken into consideration, the best combination of rooting and vegetative growth was obtained from upper-crown cuttings which were collected just prior to lignification, wounded, and treated with 1500 ppm indole-3-butyric acid. After one season (one growth flush), rooted softwood cuttings were comparable to 2-year-old plants (two flushes) propagated by hardwood cuttings. The temporal separation of rooting from shoot extension may have been responsible for improving initial vegetative growth.

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Ávila, Eloisa Aparecida da Silva, Cleiton Mateus Sousa, Welington Pereira, Vinícius Gonçalves Almeida, Jefferson Kran Sarti, and Daniel Pereira da Silva. "Growth and Productivity of Irrigated Coffee Trees (Coffea arabica) in Ceres-Goiás." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n2p138.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and productivity of cultivars and progenies of arabica coffee under irrigation by driping in Ceres-Goiás. It was conducted in the experimental area of the Goiano Federal Institute-Ceres Campus. A total of 35 treatments were randomized blocks with four replications, from January 2017 to August 2018. At 30 and 36 months after planting, the diameter of the orthotropic branch, canopy diameter, plant height, number of nodes in the plagiotropic branch 1, length of the plagiotropic branch 1, number of nodes in the plagiotropic branch 2, length of the plagiotropic branch 2, length of the plagiotropic branches 1 and 2, number of nodes of the plagiotropic branches 1 and 2 and productivity were evaluated in 2018. The linear simple correlations were estimated in all evaluated characteristics. There was a difference in growth and yield of the evaluated genotypes. There is a positive correlation among the vegetative characters and the productivity. Catucaí Amarelo 2SL presented higher growth than the other evaluated genotypes. The genotypes Catiguá MG 1, Acauã Novo, Acauã 2 and 8, Catucaí Amarelo 24/137, Catucaí Amarelo 2SL, Asa Branca, Paraíso H419-10-6-2-10-1, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Acauã, Sarchimor MG 8840, IPR 98, Araponga MG 1 and Obatã Vermelho IAC 1669-20 were the ones that had the highest productivity.

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Gaspar, Rozimeiry Gomes Bezerra, Ivar Wendling, Carlos Andre Stuepp, and Alessandro Camargo Angelo. "ROOTSTOCK AGE AND GROWTH HABIT INFLUENCE TOP GRAFTING IN Araucaria angustifolia." CERNE 23, no. 4 (December 2017): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723042447.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability and influence of the rootstock age and grafts growth habit on Araucaria angustifolia top grafting. Two rootstocks (8 and 35-year-old) were grafted with grafts originating from two growth habits (orthotropic and plagiotropic). We used the patch grafting technique in the middle and upper third of the crown of 8-year-old trees, and in the middle and lower third of 35-year-old trees, always near the apex in primary branches. The experiments were performed during the fall and spring/2015. The treatments consisted of: 8-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts; 8-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and plagiotropic grafts; 35-year-old rootstocks and orthotropic grafts. We evaluated graft survival throughout the experiment and at 16 months, we evaluated their survival, emission, and number and average length of sprouts. Top grafting is technically feasible for araucaria, with better results using younger rootstocks (8-year-old), especially with plagiotropic propagules and grafting in fall/2015 (71.9%). Growth habits of the grafts are maintained identically as original, independently of rootstock growth habit.

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Sakiyama, Ney Sussumu, Edgard Augusto de Toledo Picoli, Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira, Eveline Teixeira Caixeta, Laércio Zambolim, Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez, and Antonio Alves Pereira. "Triple plagiotropic branch in coffee: a new promising mutant?" Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 17, no. 4 (December 2017): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332017v17n4n61.

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11

Carvalho, Alex Mendonça de, Cesar Elias Botelho, André Dominghetti Ferreira, Erico Tadao Teramoto, Amador Eduardo Lima, Felipe Shiniti Miyazaki Junior, and Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho. "Initial vegetative and reproductive development of coffee cultivars in Vale do Ribeira Paulista." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p961.

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This research is related to the performance evaluation of twelve Coffea arabica cultivars in Vale do Ribeira Paulista, in order to generate consistent information for the technical recommendation for cultivation in the region. The experiment was set in February 2018, at the Experimental Campus of the São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP in Registro, SP, Brazil, in a spacing of 3.00 x 0.60 m, in a randomized block design with three replications. The following parameters were evaluated: stem diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, plant height, number of internodes of plagiotropic branches, length of the first plagiotropic branch, incidence of brown spots and phoma leaf spot, infestation by leaf miner and yield. The results showed a good adaptation of all cultivars to growing conditions in Vale do Ribeira Paulista, with higher and faster vegetative development of large coffee cultivars. The productive potential of cultivars in the first harvest was similar to the performance of the same cultivars in traditional growing regions, with emphasis on ‘Arara’ and ‘Catucaí Amarelo 24/137’, with about 55 bags ha-1 of processed coffee. There was no incidence of rust disease in the experimental evaluation period, unlike other biotic agents such as leaf miner, phoma-spot and brown eye spot.

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Oliveira, Patrick Alves de, Ariany das Graças Teixeira, Guilherme Bravim Canal, Paula Aparecida Muniz de Lima, Gardênia Rosa de Lisbôa Jacomino, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre, and José Carlos Lopes. "Initial growth of clonal seedlings of Passiflora mucronata genotypes in response to paclobutrazol concentrations." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): e10891210862. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10862.

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Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator of the triazole group that can block the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid, resulting in reduced plant height and increased stem diameter. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different paclobutrazol concentrations on seedling quality of Passiflora mucronata Lam. Two Passiflora mucronata genotypes were used, one resistant (G5) and one tolerant (G7) to fusariosis, prepared as cuttings treated with PBZ. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement corresponding to two genotypes (G5 and G7) and four PBZ concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg plant-1), with three replications of four plants. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, regression analysis, and the F-test, followed by Pearson’s correlation test between variables. PBZ promoted an increase in the plagiotropic shoot diameter and the leaf area index of genotypes G5 and G7, in addition to increased shoot length in genotype G5 and increased number of leaves in genotype G7. PBZ also resulted in increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. There was a positive correlation for genotype G5, between the plagiotropic shoot diameter and the leaf transpiration rate, and for genotype G7, between the plagiotropic shoot diameter and the number of leaves. Genotypes G5 and G7 showed different phenotypic responses when subjected to PBZ doses, highlighting the intraspecific divergence of the species.

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Wise, Farrell C., Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Reduction of Initial Plagiotropic Growth of Softwood Fraser Fir Cuttings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 1 (January 1986): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.1.21.

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Abstract Timing of severance, auxin treatment, and staking were evaluated for their effects on reducing abaxial-concave bending of softwood Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] stem cuttings. Cuttings collected 21 July 1983, were much less plagiotropic after a 135-day rooting period than those collected 3 weeks earlier. This upright habit was related to stronger internal support from increased amounts of xylem and lignified pith at severance. Staking also reduced abaxial-concave bending, but postseverance auxin treatment had no effect. Stakes apparently provided external support until stems became lignified. Nonstaked cuttings collected 30 June 1983 continued to exhibit greatest bending at the end of the 2nd growing season. Basal defoliation and wounding in preparation for rooting increased plagiotropic growth and reduced survival during rooting, but did not affect the percentage of rooting. Evaluation of xylem distribution indicated that abaxial-concave bending in the 2nd season was caused by greater production of compression wood and total xylem on adaxial than on abaxial sides of the original cutting segments.

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Mueller, Richard J. "DETERMINATE BRANCH DEVELOPMENT IN ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS (APOCYNACEAE): THE PLAGIOTROPIC MODULE." American Journal of Botany 72, no. 9 (September 1985): 1435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08401.x.

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Anggraini, Nova, Rusdi Evizal, and Liska Mutiara Septiana. "Karakteristik Pertumbuhan Melada dan Lada Sambung." JURNAL AGROTROPIKA 20, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v20i2.5322.

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Wild pepper of Piper colubrinum Link is used as rootstocks for grafted black pepper (Piper nigrum/Piper colubrinum) because its resistance to fungi that cause root rot disease. Grafted black pepper nurseries and plantations began to be developed by farmers in Lampung. This research aims to study the growth characteristics of wild pepper and grafted black pepper plants. The research was conducted in the field of wild pepper and grafted black pepper owned by farmers in Air Kubang Village, Air Naningan District, Tanggamus, Lampung, using survey method. Plant samples were determined randomly in the fields. The results showed that: (1) Wild pepper plants starts at the age of 1 year form plagiotropic branches with small diameters every 1-2 orthotropic branches, but slowly form orthotropic branches; (2) After the second pruning (of harvesting cuttings) 22% of the plants form orthotropic branches. The yield of pepper cuttings from the first to third harvests increased by 21-25% compared to the previous yield. In the third harvest, the production of cuttings reached 5066 cuttings (2 nodes) per 400 m2 land area or equivalent to 126,650 cuttings per ha of land harvested every 2 months; (3) At the age of 18 months, compared to non-grafted, grafted black pepper showed a greater greeness leaf index, larger stem diameter, larger plagiotropic branch diameter, higher number of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, and 15.6% of grafted black pepper plants were flowering. Key words : Black pepper, cutting, flowering, growth, grafting, Piper colubrinum

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B., Yogesh Kumar, Bhoomika H.R., Narayan S. Mavarkar S. Mavarkar, Ravi C.S., and Nandish M. S. "Response of Orthotropic and Plagiotropic Sucker Cuttings to Growth Promoters in Coffee (Coffea canephora L.)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, no. 02 (2024): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02.022.

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Coffee cultivation relies on effective propagation methods to sustain and expand plantations. Clonal propagation is crucial technique, ensuring the consistent reproduction of elite coffee plants. Furthermore, the periodic manual removal of suckers not only maintains the coffee plants but also provides potential explants for vegetative propagation. Thus, an experiment was conducted to study the response of orthotropic and plagiotropic sucker cuttings of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) at Adi nursery, Suntikoppa, Kodagu. The experiment consisted of 16 treatments comprising of two factors namely shoot cuttings (at two levels S1 - orthotropic and S2 - plagiotropic cuttings) and growth promoters (at eight levels G1 -control, G2 -IBA@1000 ppm, G3 -IBA@2000 ppm, G4 -NAA@200 ppm, G5 -NAA@400 ppm, G6 -Azospirillum @10g/bag, G7 -VAM @5g/ bag and G8 -Azospirillum @10g + VAM @5g /bag). Across all parameters, orthotropic cuttings consistently outperformed plagiotropic cuttings. G8 (Azospirillum @10g + VAM @5g /bag) found to be the most effective growth promoter for sprouting and shoot growth. Meanwhile, G3 (IBA @ 2000 ppm) showed superior results for root growth. Among the interactions, S1 G8 (orthotropic + Azospirillum@ 10g/bag+VAM @5g/ bag) recorded highest values for shoot and sprouting parameters i.e., per cent sprouting, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and collar girth. On the other hand, S1 G3 (orthotropic + IBA @ 2000 ppm) recorded highest values for root parameters i.e., longest roots, primary and secondary roots, root volume, and rooting percentage.

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Cirne, Matthews. "Visualidade e inventividade na obra de Ana Hatherly." Elyra, no. 17 (2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2182-8954/ely17a5.

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The article intends to discuss the visuality in the work of Ana Hatherly through plagiotropia, both in poetic and essayistic texts. It is an essencial experimental procedure for her revisitation to Portuguese baroque of the 17th and 18th centuries

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Martins, Madlles Queiroz, Fábio Luiz Partelli, Adelmo Golynski, Adésio Ferreira, Weverton Pereira Rorigues, and José Cochicho Ramalho. "Vegetative growth of 28 genotypes of Coffea canephora at 850 meters of altitude." OCTOBER 2020, no. 14(10):2020 (October 20, 2020): 1616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.10.p2392.

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Coffea canephora plants grown at low or elevated temperatures undergo changes in photosynthetic processes, which have a direct impact on vegetative growth. This species shows plants with distinct stress tolerance mechanisms and a great genetic diversity; however, there are no studies concerning the study of altitude on plant growth for these genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth rates of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches from 28 Coffea canephora genotypes, ca. 3 years of age, cultivated at 850 m of altitude. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Each repetition was compounded by five plants. The period of the experimental evaluation was from 01/23/2013 to 07/07/2013. We selected and identified the orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, which were evaluated bimonthly according to their length (mm), assessing the growth rates. The results were associated with climatic factors that occurred during the experimental period. The genetic material of Coffea canephora evaluated in the study shows genetic diversity to the characteristics growth rate of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, thus, it is possible to select genotypes with potential for cultivation at 850 m of altitude. In general, genotypes of Coffea canephora exhibited variations in growth rates, mainly in response to changes in temperature, with a sharp and constant drop in growth rates between the period from 05/05/2013 to 05/ 23/2013, when the recorded temperatures were always below 13 °C. Genotypes A1, NV2 and NV1 can be pointed as the ones which showed the best vegetative growth results at 850 meters of altitude.

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Millet, Jeanne, André Bouchard, and Claude Édelin. "Plagiotropic architectural development of four tree species of the temperate forest." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 12 (1998): 2100–2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-76-12-2100.

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Millet, Jeanne, André Bouchard, and Claude Édelin. "Plagiotropic architectural development of four tree species of the temperate forest." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 2100–2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-174.

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Four tree species of the temperate deciduous forests of south-western Québec have an architectural development that corresponds to Troll's model. Two of these species, American elm (Ulmus americana L.) and American basswood (Tilia americana L.), are mid-successional and the two others, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), are late successional. In the four species, the main stem is the result of the stacking of modules with plagiotropic development and secondary straightening. Nevertheless, the architectural analysis of these four species reveals that two growth patterns are present. In elm and basswood, the modules are differentiated from one another and are integrated into the hierarchical structure of the tree. In beech and hemlock, the modules are mixed and their apical meristems possess an autodifferentiation potential, which provides for a greater individuality within the tree structure. In spite of belonging to the same architectural model, differences in the development pattern favour a greater efficiency in stem growth for elm and basswood versus a greater shape plasticity, including a greater lateral branch development if required, in beech and hemlock.Key words: tree architecture, organization plan, Troll's model, plagiotropy, morphological differentiation of axes.

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Majerowicz, Nidia, and Maro R. Söndahl. "Induction and differentiation of reproductive buds in Coffea arabica L." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, no. 2 (June 2005): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202005000200008.

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The induction and differentiation phases of reproductive buds of Coffea arabica L. have not received much attention. In the present paper, axillary buds from five plagiotropic branches that developed in the same growing season without fruits (1st crop branches), and from green segments of five recently grown plagiotropic branches with fruits (2nd crop branches), were collected every two weeks during successive inductive months of the year. This study was carried out with adult arabica trees, Catuaí Vermelho cv. IAC 81, cultivated under normal farming conditions in the region of Campinas, SP, Brazil (22º54' Lat. S). Slides of longitudinal-axial sections of 10-12 mum thickness were mounted for the characterization and quantification of histological stages of bud differentiation. The results indicate that the regulatory signals controlling the phases of induction and differentiation of floral buds are distinct, and that there are differences in the response between branches with and without fruits. In the case of 1st crop branches (no fruits present), induction of floral buds took place in January and February, whereas floral bud differentiation was observed during the months of March and April. In 2nd crop branches (fruits present), the induction of floral buds was observed during any month of the year provided that they had already overcome their juvenile state (October-July, in this study). In these 2nd crop branches, the flower bud differentiation was only observed after harvesting all pre-existing fruits of each branch (after May, in this study), which suggests that floral bud differentiation in Arabica coffee is influenced by the source-sink relationship, i.e. by the presence of developing fruits within each plagiotropic branch.

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Partelli, Fábio Luiz, André Vasconcellos Araújo, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Jairo Rafael Machado Dias, Luis Fernando Tavares de Menezes, and José Cochicho Ramalho. "Microclimate and development of 'Conilon' coffee intercropped with rubber trees." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 49, no. 11 (November 2014): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2014001100006.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of intercropping 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) with rubber trees on coffee tree microclimate, nutrition, growth, and yield. Rubber trees were planted in two double rows 33 m apart, with 4x2.3 m spacing between plants. Treatments consisted of the distances from the coffee plants to the rubber trees: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 m. Measurements of atmospheric variables (temperature, irradiance, and relative humidity), leaf nutrient concentration, internode length of plagiotropic and orthotropic branches, individual leaf area, chlorophyll content, and yield were performed. Intercropping promotes changes in the microclimatic conditions of coffee plants close to rubber trees, with reduction of temperature and irradiance level and increase in air relative humidity. The proximity of the coffee tree to the rubber trees promotes the elongation of the plagiotropic and orthotropic branches and increases the individual leaf area; however, it does not affect leaf concentrations of N, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and B in 'Conilon' coffee and does not have a negative impact on yield.

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Balestri, Elena, Flavia Vallerini, and Claudio Lardicci. "On the unusual flowering of plagiotropic shoots in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica." Aquatic Botany 82, no. 2 (June 2005): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.03.001.

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Euclides Pechara da Costa Jaeggi, Mario, Alex Justino Zacarias, Israel Martins Pereira, Richardson Sales Rocha, Rita de Kássia Guarnier da Silva, Edevaldo de Castro Monteiro, Wallace Luiz de Lima, et al. "Associations between morpho-agronomic characters in Conilon (Coffea canephora) 8142." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): e2229119731. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9731.

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The work consisted of the morpho agronomic evaluation of coffee crop under the influence of intercropping with different types of green manures. The experiment was carried out in the Southern Region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental plot consisted of five plants per experimental unit, using the clone "Incaper 8142" Conilon Vitória, intercropping with different types of green manure plants, which were: guandu beans (Cajanus cajan), pig bean (Canavalia ensiformis), mucuna preta (Mucuna Pruriens) and Mexican margaridão (Tithonia diversifolia) in addition to a control treatment without green manure. The planting consisted of rows adjacent and located in the “upper interline” meaning is not clear of the coffee crop. The morpho agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, orthotropic branch diameter, plagiotropic branch diameter, number of leaves, number of nodes, number of orthotropic branches, number of plagiotropic branches and productive nodes e productivity green coffee kg/ha, besides the main dependent: The characteristics of greatest direct contribution were number of nodes and number of productive nodes. The species of green fertilizer Mexican Margaridão (Tithonia diversifolia) provided a negative effect on the main variables related to production, and is not recommended for interplanting with robusta coffee.

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Santini, Paula Tristão, Ronei Aparecido Barbosa, Lorena Gabriela Almeida, Kamila Rezende Dazio De Souza, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino Barbosa, and José Donizeti Alves. "SPATIAL-TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF COFFEE TREE PHYSIOLOGY." Coffee Science 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i3.1574.

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The ecophysiological parameters of coffee canopy were mapped throughout the day. Therefore, evaluations were carried out in ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ Coffea arabica L., measuring 1.7 meters. A vertical gradient (from the apex to the base of the plant canopy) and a horizontal gradient (plagiotropic branches) were established to analyze different positions of the canopy. Thus, in the vertical direction, four heights were analyzed in the plant: top, upper, middle and lower regions. In the horizontal gradient, the plagiotropic branches were divided into three parts: basal, median and apical. Collection was performed on the east and west sides of the canopy, at four times of the day: 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, and 3 p.m., totaling 24 collection points at each time. Gas exchange, photosynthetically active radiation and leaf temperature were evaluated in each of the 24 points of the coffee canopy. The gas exchange characteristics of an individual coffee leaf diverge considerably from other leaves, which require caution when scaling estimates of leaf photosynthesis at the global canopy level. The analysis of some punctual leaves does not serve to discriminate the overall dynamics of a canopy.

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Santini, Paula Tristão, Lorena Gabriela Almeida, Kamila Rezende Dázio de Souza, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino Barbosa, and José Donizeti Alves. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF CARBOHYDRATE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN THE COFFEE CANOPY." Coffee Science 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i3.1590.

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The spatial variability of the total chlorophyll content and carotenoids content, starch and soluble sugars of coffee canopy were mapped throughout the day. Therefore, evaluations were carried out in a ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ coffee plant with 1.7 meters height. A vertical gradient (from the apex to the base of the plant canopy) and a horizontal gradient (plagiotropic branches) were established to analyze different positions of the canopy. Thus, in the vertical direction, four heights were analyzed in the plant: top, upper, middle and lower regions. In the horizontal gradient, the plagiotropic branches were divided into three parts: basal, median and apical. Collection of leaf samples was performed on the east and west sides of the canopy, at 9 a.m., totaling 24 collection points at each time. Higher content of photosynthetic pigments and concentration of sugars were observed in the western face and in the inner parts of the coffee tree. The content of chloroplast pigments and sugars of an individual coffee leaf diverge considerably from other leaves, which requires caution when scaling estimates at the global canopy level. The analysis of some punctual leaves does not serve to discriminate the overall dynamics of a canopy.

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Fernandes, Flavio Lemes. "Ecology of Vespidae (Hymenoptera)Predators in Coffea arabica Plantations." Sociobiology 59, no. 4 (August 26, 2014): 1269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v59i4.504.

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Social Vespidae exhibit control of Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) in Brazil. The objective was to determine the ideal unit for sampling of predaceous Vespidae in coffee crops in the vegetative and reproductive phases. This research was conducted in two coffee plantations in Viçosa, MG. The factors being studied were: crop phase, canopy thirds, branch type, exhibition side of the plant to solar light and the position of the leaf on the branch. The number of predation mines by Vespidae on all the leaves of each evaluated plant was recorded. In coffee plants in the vegetative phase the best sampling unit of the Vespidae was the 5th or 6th pair of leaves on the primary plagiotropic branches of the median third of the canopy. In coffee plants already in the reproductive phase the best unit for sampling Vespidae were leaves on the third apical of the 4th or 6th pair of leaves on primary plagiotropic branches on the plant face exposed to the sun in the afternoon period or on the median third on the 5th pair of leaves of the plant face exposed to the sun in the afternoon period.

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Vilella, Wagner Martins da Cunha, and Manoel Alves de Faria. "CRESCIMENTO DE CAFEEIROS SUBMETIDOS A CINCO LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E TRÊS PARCELAMENTOS DE ADUBAÇÃO." IRRIGA 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2003): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2003v8n2p168-177.

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Crescimento de cafeeiros submetidos a cinco lâminas de irrigação e três parcelamentos de adubação Wagner Martins da Cunha VilellaManoel Alves de FariaDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CP 37, CEP 37200-000. E-mail: wvilella@ufla.br 1 RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de cinco lâminas de irrigação e três parcelamentos de adubação sobre o crescimento do cafeeiro, em experimento localizado no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. Utilizando irrigação por gotejamento, testou-se cinco lâminas de irrigação correspondentes a 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% e 0% (sem irrigação) da evaporação do tanque Classe A (ECA). Todos os tratamentos receberam a mesma dosagem de adubação, divididas em três, seis e nove vezes, entre os meses de outubro a março de cada ano. Os tratamentos de irrigação influenciaram significativamente o diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas, diâmetro de copa, comprimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos e número de internódios nos ramos plagiotrópicos, sendo que a reposição de 100% da ECA proporcionou o maior índice de desenvolvimento destas características. O parcelamento da adubação influenciou o comprimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos, onde a divisão em nove parcelamentos obteve o melhor resultado. O número de ramos plagiotrópicos e o número de ramificações nos plagiotrópicos não sofreram influência de nenhum tratamento aplicado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a irrigação favorece o crescimento dos cafeeiros, principalmente repondo-se 100% da ECA, e a divisão da adubação em três, seis ou nove vezes, pouco interfere em seu crescimento. UNITERMOS: Coffea arabica L., manejo de água, fertirrigação. VILELLA, W.M.C.; FARIA, M.A. de, Growth of coffee trees submitted to five irrigation depths and three fertilization splittings 2 abstract This study aimed to evaluate the application effects of five water depths and three fertilization splittings on coffee tree growth. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras, based on Lavras city, MG, Brazil. Five irrigation depths were tested through drip irrigation which corresponded to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 0% (without irrigation) Class A pan (ECA) evaporation. All treatments received the same fertilizer amount divided into three, six and nine splittings from April to October each year. The irrigation treatments significantly influenced stem diameter, plant height, canopy diameter, length of the plagiotropic branches and number of internodes in the plagiotropic branches. 100% ECA provided the greatest growth index of these characteristics. Fertilizer splitting influenced plagiotropic branch length in which the nine splitting system provided the best result for this characteristic. Plagiotropic and secondary branch number were not affected by any applied treatment. Irrigation has favored the coffee tree growth mainly through 100% ECA restitution. On the other hand, the fertilization splitting into three, six or nine times has had little effect on its growth. KEYWORDS: Coffea arabica L., water management, fertirrigation.

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Orlandini, Priscila, Inês Cordeiro, Jone Clebson Ribeiro Mendes, Antônio Campos-Rocha, and Vinicius Castro Souza. "A New Species of Phyllocladiferous Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest." Systematic Botany 46, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364421x16370109698669.

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Abstract— A new species of Phyllanthus with phylloclades endemic to the State of Bahia is described here. Phyllanthus dracaenoides can be recognized for its peculiar habit that resembles a species of Dracaena, a very unusual height of up to 7 m, the plagiotropic phylloclades spirally arranged, and its vermiform cincinni. Notes on its habitat, taxonomic affinity, conservation status, geographic distribution, illustrations, and photographs are provided.

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Nong, Duy Van, and Leonid V. Averyanov. "Bulbophyllum bidoupense and Schoenorchis hangianae—new species of orchids (Orchidaceae) from southern Vietnam." Phytotaxa 213, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.4.

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Bulbophyllum bidoupense (sect. Brachystachyae) and Schoenorchis hangianae (sect. Pumila) are described and illustrated as species new for science. Both species are local endemics of the Bidoup mountain system belonging to the South Annamese floristic province of the Indochinese floristic region within Lam Dong and Khanh Hoa provinces of southern Vietnam. Schoenorchis hangianae and allied S. scolopendria are rather isolated species recognized among their congeners by plagiotropic creeping plant habit.

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Souza, João Paulo, Carlos Henrique B. A. Prado, Maria A. Damascos, and Ana Lúcia S. Albino. "Influence of shoot inclination on irradiance and morphophysiological leaf traits along shoots in cerrado trees with distinct leaf deciduousness." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 21, no. 4 (2009): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202009000400004.

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This study investigated the relationship among shoot inclination, irradiance and morphophysiological traits of basal (BL) and distal (DL) leaves in six cerrado trees with distinct leaf deciduousness. Deciduous species showed plagiotropic shoots (44º) and larger leaf area than semideciduous and evergreen species, which showed orthotropic shoots (56º and 63º, respectively). Despite larger leaf area, irradiance at shoot base in deciduous was around 85% in relation to full irradiance, while in semideciduous and evergreen only 23% of irradiance reached on BL. Likewise, maximum net photosynthesis (Pnmax) was similar between BL and DL in deciduous. Contrastingly, semideciduous and evergreen showed significant decreasing of Pnmax in BL. Plagiotropic shoots of deciduous allow similar irradiance along shoots, resulting in similar Pnmax along shoot. On the other hand, orthotropic shoots of semideciduous and evergreen resulted in shading and decreasing of Pnmax on BL. However, considering BL and DL together, there was not significant difference of leaf-life-span or Pnmax among deciduous, semideciduous and evergreen. Therefore, shoot inclination and shading among leaves on same shoot should be significant influencing leaf morphophysiological traits along shoots in cerrado trees. On the other hand, similar leaf-life-span among phenological groups resulted in absence of Pnmax differences when BL and DL were considered together.

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Túler, Amanda C., Wilson R. Valbon, Hígor S. Rodrigues, Luína R. Noia, Lucas M. L. Santos, Isac Fogaça, Vando M. Rondelli, and Abraão C. Verdin Filho. "Black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), as a potential threat to the coffee production." Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas 36, E (October 16, 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rcia.1936e.102.

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In robusta coffee, Coffea canephora, the black twig borer Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) causes considerable damage. Although this has been reported in many crops for years in Brazil, recently, the injury caused by X. compactus in coffee has been ignored. This present study aimed to report the current status of X. compactus in Brazil, and to investigate its attack frequency in different robusta coffee genotypes. In this study, we reported the occurrence of X. compactus in robusta coffee plants in the state of Rondônia for the first time. We also evaluated the occurrence of this pest in different robusta coffee genotypes in the state of Espírito Santo. In all plants, the plagiotropic branches were attacked; however, the genotypes G2, G6, G8, G20, G48, G50, G51 and G52 showed a high number of attacked plagiotropic branches, whereas the genotypes G24 and G41 showed a low attack frequency. Thus, these can be promising candidates for pest resistance studies. Moreover, it was reported that Almeidea rubra, Alseis floribunda, Plinia grandifolia and Casearia Sylvestris can serve as hosts of X. compactus. Thus, our findings suggest that X. compactus is a threat to coffee production, and that future studies are necessary to find appropriate tools for its management.

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Souza, Gustavo S. de, Antônio M. B. Bouzan, Maurício B. Infantini, Samuel de A. Silva, and Robson F. de Almeida. "Mechanized harvesting of conilon coffee plants using a self-propelled machine." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, no. 2 (February 2023): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n2p140-148.

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ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the main commodities of global agribusiness and of outstanding economic and social relevance for Brazil. The lack of labor and its high cost are factors that worry coffee producers, mainly during the conilon coffee harvesting, which is performed manually. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a self-propelled harvester under different conditions of machine adjustment and conduction of the Coffea canephora crop and measure its influence on the cost of harvesting compared to manual harvesting. Harvesting speed (800 to 1600 m h-1), rotation of the vibrating rod cylinder (1.0 and 1.5 RPM), number of orthotropic branches (one, two, and three), and plants with and without plagiotropic branches in the lower third were assessed. The increase in harvesting speed reduced the efficiencies of stripping and harvesting and defoliation. Increasing from one to three orthotropic branches per plant increased harvesting and stripping efficiencies, fruit loss on the ground, defoliation, and reduced pending load. The management without plagiotropic branches showed higher harvesting efficiency, lower loss on the ground, and lower defoliation. Harvesting speeds from 800 to 1600 m h-1 reduced the total and unit costs up to 62% compared to manual harvesting. Increasing harvesting efficiency above 70% has reduced harvesting costs by up to 79% compared to manual harvesting.

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Sapurah, Nurleli, Trisda Kurniawan, and Erida Nurahmi. "Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Organik Cair Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Terhadap Pertambahan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.11019.

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Abstrak. Kopi merupakan bahan minuman yang memiliki aroma, rasa dan khasiat yang khas biji kopi mengandung kafein, kafein banyak digunakan dalam bentuk obat, makanan dan minuman produksi kopi dipengaruhi oleh teknik budidaya tanaman kopi salah satunya bagian pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk organik cair pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan vegetatif kopi arabika. Penelitian ini dilaksanakaan di Kebun Rakyat Desa Keudah Penosan Sepakat Kecamatan Blangjerango Kabupaten Gayo Lues dari bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 2 x 4 dan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan pada hasil uji F yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur taraf 5%. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik cair dengan 2 taraf yaitu: pupuk organik cair nasa dan pupuk organik cair mol Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi dengan 4 taraf yaitu, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 cc L-1 air. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang, pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang Plagiotrop, pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah daun cabang plagiotrop dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pupuk organik cair nasa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman umur 90, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang umur 60 hari dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari. Konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari konsentrasi terbaik yaitu 2 cc L-1 air pada jenis pupuk Mol dan tidak terdapat intraksi nyata. The Effect Type of Liquid Organik Fertilizer at Varius Consentration Vegetative Growth Arabica Caffea (Coffea arabica L.) Abstract.Coffee is a beverage that has the aroma, taste and special quality. Coffee beans contains caffeine, caffeine is widely used as medicine, food and beverages. Coffee production is influenced by coffee cultivation techniques, one of the techniques is fertilization. This study aims to determine the effect of types of liquid organic fertilizer in various concentrations on the increasing of vegetative growth of arabica coffee. This research was carried out at citizenry plantation, Keudah Penosan Sepakat Village, Blangjerango District, Gayo Lues Regency from April to June 2018. This study used a Factorial-Randomized Block Design 2 x 4 and 3 replications and there were 24 experimental units. The results of the significant F test is continued by Honest Real Difference test level of 5%. The first factor was the type of liquid organic fertilizer with 2 treatments : Nasa liquid organic fertilizer and mol liquid organic fertilizer. The second factor was concentration with 4 treatments : 2, 4, 6, and 8 cc L-1 water. The parameters observed were the increase of plant height growth , stem root diameter growth, plagiotropic branch length growth, the number of leaves of plagiotropic branches growth and the number of branches. The results showed that the type of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the increase of plant height 90 DAP, the increase of stem root diameter growth and the increase of the number of plagiotropic branches 90 DAP. Concentration has a significant effect on the increase of the plagiotropic branch length 90 DAP. The best concentration is 2 cc L-1 water with Mol fertilizer and there was no real intraction.

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De Luna, Efrain. "Developmental evidence of acrocarpy in Hedwigia ciliata (Musci: Hedwigiaceae)." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 2, no. 1 (June 30, 1990): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.2.1.5.

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The growth habit of the Hedwigiaceae has been described variously as acrocarpous, pseudopleurocarpous, or pleurocarpous. Anatomical evidence presented here indicates that Hedwigia ciliata is acrocarpous. The archegonia are terminal on the main shoot, and the branching pattern is sympodial. The main axis of each plant thus consists of a succession of subterminal innovations, rather than a single shoot of indeterminate growth. Since the plants are plagiotropic and are pleurocarpous in appearance, this growth pattern can be also called pseudo-pleurocarpous.

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Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin, Enny Randriani, Dani Dani, Indah Sulistyorini, and M. B. Pabendon. "Genetic Variability of 15 Robusta Coffee Genotypes Selected by Farmer Based on SSRs Markers." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p87-94.

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Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) has been grown widely in Indonesia, especially in Bengkulu Province. For the last few decades, some farmers have been selected and developed several Robusta clones through plagiotropic shoot grafting technique to replace earlier coffee populations which were derived from seed. Hence, it would reduce the genetic diversity of Robusta coffee at farmer’s field. To understand the genetic variability among 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer, it is important to perform molecular analysis. Leaf samples of 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer were collected from smallholder Robusta coffee plantations in Bengkulu Province. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted in the Germplasm, Breeding, and Biotechnology Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). DNA samples were amplified using 34 SSRs markers. The result showed that 23 out of 34 SSRs markers had high polymorphism levels. Allele number per locus ranged from 2-8 with an average of 4 alleles per locus. Dendrogram analysis based on genetic similarity was obtained with score of about 0,44-0,79, and r score = 0,92 (good fit). Based on cluster analysis as well as PCoA analysis, there are three distinct groups of genotypes. Those three groups can be distinguished by specific character of leaf morphotype. Nevertheless, the majority of genotypes were clustered together into the single group. This indicates narrow genetic diversity among Robusta genotypes that selected by farmer.Kopi Robusta telah dikembangkan secara luas di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Bengkulu. Beberapa dekade terakhir sebagian petani telah menyeleksi dan mengembangkan beberapa genotipe dengan teknik sambung tunas plagiotrop untuk merehabilitasi populasi kopi Robusta asal biji. Oleh sebab itu, terdapat peluang terjadinya penurunan keragaman genetik kopi Robusta di lahan petani. Analisis molekuler perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik antar 15 genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani. Kegiatan analisis keragaman genetik dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Plasma Nutfah, Pemuliaan, dan Bioteknologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi dan Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal), Maros. DNA diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan 34 marka SSR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23 dari 34 marka SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan tingkat polimorfisme yang tinggi. Jumlah alel berada pada kisaran 2-8 alel per lokus dengan rata-rata 4 alel per lokus SSR. Analisis dendrogram berdasarkan kemiripan genetik diperoleh dengan skor sekitar 0,44-0,79 dan skor r = 0,92 (good fit). Berdasarkan hasil analisis gerombol dan analisis komponen utama diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga kelompok genotipe. Masing-masing kelompok dapat dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfotipe daun. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar genotipe diklasifikasikan ke dalam satu kelompok. Ini menandakan bahwa keragaman genetik klon-klon kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani cenderung rendah.Keywords: Coffea canephora, klon plagiotropik, kehilangan genetik

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Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Dimmy Herlen Silveira Gomes Barbosa, and Cássio Vittorazzi. "Growth and yield of Coffea arabica L. in Northwest Fluminense: 2nd harvest." Revista Ceres 59, no. 6 (December 2012): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2012000600011.

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In recent years, several new coffee cultivars recommended for different regions have been released. However, the performance of these varieties in many traditionally producing regions is unknown. Difference of climate and soil may jeopardize the productivity of the new cultivars and cause losses to farmers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the vegetative growth and productive genotypes of C. arabica in the conditions of the Northwestern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The experiment was settled in 2007, in Panorama 1 Farm, located in the municipality of Varre Sai, RJ. Twenty-five genotypes of C. arabica were planted in a spacing of 2.5 × 0.8 m, using a completely randomized design with five replications and eight plants per plot. There were eight measurements of vegetative growth represented by plant height, stem diameter and number of plagiotropic branches. Assessments of productivity were also performed in years 2009 and 2010. There was a positive phenotypic correlation among vegetative characteristics and between vegetative characteristics and yield in the first harvest, while in the second harvest only the number of plagiotropic branches was positively correlated with yield. Up to date, the genotypes Catucaí amarelo 2 SL, Catiguá MG 02, Acauã, Palma II, Sabiá 398, IPR 103/ Iapar, IPR 100/Iapar, H 419-10-6-2-12-1, Catucaí amarelo 24 / 137, Iapar 59, Catucaí amarelo 20/15, H 419-10-6-2-5-10-1 and H 419-10-6-2-5-1 had the highest average yield after two harvests.

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Trevisan, Evelyn, Marcos Góes Oliveira, Gustavo Pereira Valani, Gleison Oliosi, Moises Zucoloto, Robson Bonomo, and Fábio Luiz Partelli. "Microclimate and development of Coffea canephora intercropped with Carica papaya: measures to mitigate climate change." Bioscience Journal 38 (November 25, 2022): e38094. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-57099.

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Intercropped systems with Conilon coffee might provide a better environment for coffee production. The aim of this study was to assess the microclimate and development of Conilon coffee intercropped with papaya trees. Papaya was planted with spacing of 3.20 x 2.40 m. The coffee trees were planted after eight months, with spacing of 3.20 x 1.60 m, in-between papaya trees (in the same row). The measurements were taken 0, 40 and 80 cm away from the coffee plants, both in the north and south direction. Concomitantly, an adjoining full sunlight coffee system (not intercropped) was also assessed. The measurements included atmospheric parameters (temperature, irradiance, and relative humidity) and vegetative parameters for the coffee plants (leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, length of plagiotropic branches, length of orthotopic branches and number of nodes) in three periods of the year. The intercropped system of Conilon coffee and papaya trees led to a decrease in both irradiance and temperature, and higher means of relative humidity during daytime in all the periods assessed, which contributes to a better environment for coffee cultivation. The shadow provided by papaya trees in the coffee plants contributed to a higher leaf area but did not affect neither the growth of both plagiotropic and orthotopic branches, nor the number of nodes and the etiolation. The intercropped system of Conilon coffee and papaya trees may be potentially used as a farming system to mitigate climate change.

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Lozano Tovar, Maria Denis, Jose Arboney Guzman, Luis Enrique Ramirez, and Jairo Garcia. "Architecture of Cocoa Genotypes in Colombia as Affected by Bud Type, Grafting Technique, and Pruning." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 38, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i1.491.

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Organization of plant aerial parts and root distribution, environmental conditions such as light, temperature, humidity and agronomic practices (grafting and pruning) influences the final architecture of the plant. Most of cocoa plantations in Colombia belong to the plagiotropic type that emit branches and suckers in a disorderly way, which leads to an unbalanced development, this makes it difficult to manage. To search for cocoa plants with better architecture, we evaluated the effect of the type of the bud (orthotropic and plagiotropic), the grafting techniques (approximation and patch grafting) and pruning (structural and conventional) on ICS 95 and CCN 51 clones. The monitoring was carried out at an open greenhouse and field. Plants obtained from orthotropic buds and approximation grafting had lower bifurcation angles, 42% more leaves and 50% more branches. The structural pruning had a positive influence on the architectural variables, which presenteda higher conversion (8.68%) of fresh weight of cocoa pod into dry weight of cocoa beans, meanwhile CCN 51 trees showed a higher conversion (9.76%) compared to ICS 95 (7.34%). CCN 51 had the highest bean index (1.30) and the lowest pod index (22.0). This study demonstrated that structural pruning improved bean indexand pod index. We concluded that for CCN 51 by approximation grafting technique is a good alternative for a tropical dry forest, as its production between 1995 and 2277 kg of dry cocoa beans ha-1 year-1.

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Carvalho, Alex Mendonça de, Leandro José Grava de Godoy, Ariel Moraes Silveira, Fernanda de Barros Gonze, and Ana Flávia De Freitas. "Increased efficiency fertilizers in arabica coffee growth in Vale do Ribeira, SP." Bioscience Journal 40 (January 31, 2024): e40004. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v40n0a2024-67086.

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Controlled-release fertilizers have been increasingly used. This study aimed to evaluate and adapt new technologies applied via soil for sustainable coffee production, in order to generate information that contribute to the technical innovation of the crop for the Vale do Ribeira region. The experiment was set at UNESP, in Registro – SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with four replications, with plots of six plants. Four doses (200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1) of a mixed fertilizer 20-05-20 were used, with controlled release in six months, intended for coffee trees in formation and production, compared to the dose of 500 kg ha-1 of the conventional mixed fertilizer 20-05-20, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate with boron, in addition to a control treatment, which did not receive NPK fertilization. The cultivar used was ‘Obatã IAC 1669’ in 3.0 x 0.6 m spacing. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes of plagiotropic branches, stem diameter, plant height and yield, in two harvest periods, besides the surface chemical characteristic of the soil. Increasing the dose of the slow-release fertilizer leads to greater plant growth; the coffee plant presents a highly responsive behavior to the increase in fertilizer doses in relation to nitrogen, and the use of the slow-release fertilizer Agroblen (20-05-20) 100% and ammonium sulfate + SS + KCl allows greater yield.

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Huber, Heidrun, and Michael J. Hutchings. "Differential response to shading in orthotropic and plagiotropic shoots of the clonal herb Glechoma hirsuta." Oecologia 112, no. 4 (November 24, 1997): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050336.

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Thomas, R. G., and M. J. M. Hay. "Evidence suggests plagiotropic clonal species have evolved a branching physiology emphasizing regulation by nodal roots." Evolutionary Ecology 18, no. 5-6 (September 2004): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10682-004-5137-5.

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De Silva Angelo, Paula Cristina. "Study on the Anatomy of Young Coffee Plants from Micro-Cuttings and Induced to Sprout." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 29, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v29i2.44507.

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Micro-cuttings coming from Catucaí coffee plants were established in the greenhouse and treated to sprout by decapitation and application of 600 mg/l triiodobenzoic acid. The morphology and the anatomy of treated and control plants were compared. Treated plants produced only orthotropic sprouts, useful for micro-cutting, while control plants produced only plagiotropic sprouts. Direct connections between the orthotropic sprouts and the petiole accessory veins were observed only in treated plants. All together, these results were interpreted as consequences of disturbances in the auxin transport systems, which shape apical dominance and bud dormancy.

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Souza, João Paulo, Carlos Henrique B. A. Prado, Ana Lúcia S. Albino, and Maria A. Damascos. "Shoot-foliage relationships in deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen cerrado tree species." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 21, no. 1 (2009): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202009000100009.

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The morphology and the biomass allocation in shoots and leaves were investigated in 15 cerrado tree species with distinct leaf phenology growing under natural conditions. Higher values of leaf/shoot ratio on mass base, individual leaf area, leaf area per shoot, leaf display index, and leaf number per shoot length were found in deciduous than in evergreen species. The differences about shoot-foliage relationship across leaf phenological groups could be explained by plagiotropic shoots on deciduous and by erect shoots in semideciduous and evergreen species. Plagiotropic shoots allow similar irradiance along shoots and high biomass allocation in favor of leaves without foliage self-shading in deciduous tree species. The structural differentiation between short and long shoots was indicated by an exponential relationship between leaf display index and shoot length in all deciduous, in three semideciduous, and in two evergreen species. Therefore, especially in deciduous, the short shoots had higher leaf area per unit of length than the long shoots. The differentiation between short and long shoots depends on the shoot length in deciduous because of the leaf number on shoot is predetermined in buds. Contrastingly, the leaf neo-formation in semideciduous and in evergreen tree species keeps the shoot-leaf relationship per shoot length more constant, because of the foliage being produced according to the shoot growth during the year. In conclusion, the foliage persistence, the shoot inclination, the type of leaf production and the resources allocation between autotrophic and heterotrophic vegetative canopy parts are interdependent in cerrado tree species across different leaf phenological groups.

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Rosyady, Muhammad Ghufron, Larassati Larassati, Setiyono Setiyono, Gatot Subroto, Ketut Anom Wijaya, Distiana Wulanjari, Oria Alit Farisi, and Basuki Basuki. "Growth of Cut-Grafting Robusta Coffee Seeds Utilizing Orthotropic and Plagiotropic Rootstocks with Application Bacillus and Pseudomonas Mixture." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2024): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v8i1.189.

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Vegetative propagation by cut-grafting has the advantage of being able to obtain seeds that inherit two superior traits from two scion clones in a relatively short time. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using orthotropic and plagiotropic rootstocks applied by Bacillus and Pseudomonas on the early growth of robusta coffee seedlings from cut grafting. The method used was by using a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors and was repeated 3 times. The first factor was the use of rootstock cuttings which consisted of 2 levels, which were S1 (orthotropic stem) and S2 (plagiotropic stem). The second factor was the concentration of Bacillus and Pseudomonas which consisted of 5 levels, which were B0 (0 ml/L), B1 (20 ml/L), B2 (40 ml/L), B3 (60 ml/L) and B4 (80 ml/L). The results showed that (1) there was no interaction between the use of variatic rootstock and the application of the biological agent (2) The use of orthotropic rootstock increased plant growth, that is the number of primary roots and the number of leaves and (3) Application of the biological agent of Bacillus and Pseudomonas with concentrations of B4 increased seedling growth on all observed parameters except the number of shoots. Based on the results of this research, the benefit for coffee planters is to obtain alternative planting materials, namely from orthotropic branches. For further research, the use of orthotropic branch planting material as a scion plant can be investigated.

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Ronchi, Cláudio Pagotto, Wellington Luiz de Almeida, Daniela Silva Souza, José Márcio De Souza Júnior, Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura Guerra, and Paulo Henrique Chaves Pimenta. "Morphophysiological plasticity of plagiotropic branches in response to change in the coffee plant spacing within rows." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 6 (December 14, 2016): 3819. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p3819.

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Changes in spacing within rows may alter the morphology of the coffee plant by affecting the physiological constituents of its productivity. Even though some common plant responses to crop spacing variation are known, there is yet no scientific evidence that elucidates the effects of decreased spacing on the sourcesink relation in plagiotropic branches and, its association with both productivity and eco-physiological aspects of coffee leaves, mainly for new coffee cultivars in the Brazilian savannah. The aim of this work was to characterize the morphophysiological responses of Coffea arabica L. cultivars subjected to different spacing between plants within rows. Four Arabica coffee cultivars (Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 32, and Tupi RN IAC 1669-13) were transplanted in January 2010. A row spacing of 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, and 0.80 m was adopted between plants, maintaining a 3.80-m constant between rows. A randomized block design with four replicates was applied. During the experimental period, several morphophysiological characteristics of plagiotropic fruiting branches were evaluated in the months of April and December in 2013 and, in April 2014. The evaluation was conducted based on two canopy positions; canopy toward the rows, representing low exposure to light or toward the inter-row spacing, representing high light exposure. Leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic pigments levels were minimally or not at all affected by changing either the coffee cultivars or plant spacing. During the first evaluation, the leaf-to-fruitratio linearly increased, regardless of the cultivar. Light-exposed branches showed higher content of carotenoids and chlorophyll a in leaves and lower leaf-to-fruit-ratio as compared to those within the plant canopy. A major reduction in the number of fruits per branch was observed which was closely related to a parallel decrease in the number of fruits per node but not in the number of fruiting nodes per branch. Although this response was largely cultivar-dependent, it also changed according to the branch position in the hedgerow. Our results suggest that all tested cultivars exhibit high morphophysiological plasticity and have the potential to grow under different plant spacing within rows.

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Nur Khasanah, Rita Ariyana, and Niken Kusumarini. "The Morphological and Anatomical Studies of The Aerial Parts of Abroma augusta L. from Semarang." Jurnal Biodjati 6, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v6i2.13573.

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Abroma augusta L. known as Devil’s cotton belongs to Malvaceae. The exploratory study aimed to study the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the aerial parts of A. augusta L. from Semarang. The transverse section of the aerial parts was made by a simple method (fresh preparation) and then observed under a binocular microscope with an optilab. All characteristics were observed and then compared with the references. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. In summary, the results showed that A. augusta L. was an evergreen shrub (small tree) with orthotropic and plagiotropic branches and polymorphous leaves. The inflorenscence was found in the terminal and axillar plagiotropic branching with bisex, actinomorphic, and pentamerous flowers. The fruit was unique (obconical capsule with a rounded base and truncate-tip with 5 angled wings) including cotton fibers and numerous black seeds. The petiole was composed of epidermis, collenchyma, cortical parenchyma, sclerenchyma, vascular bundle, mucilaginous ducts, and pith. The dorsiventral leaf was composed of upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy parenchyma. The stomata type was ranunculaceous (anomocytic) while the guard cell was kidney-shaped. The stomata density on the abaxial leaf was higher than that of the adaxial leaf. The stellate and unicellular non-glandular trichomes, and capitate glandular trichomes were found abundantly on the petiole and leaf blade. These morphological and anatomical studies are important to support the identification as a part of the conservation effort of the plant. Further studies are recommended to investigate the root morphology and anatomy and also biochemical characteristics of each part of the plant in order to obtain complete plant identification.

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Rosado, Thiago Lopes, Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas, Almy Junior Cordeiro de Carvalho, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira, Kariny Nieiro Scopel, and Matheus Margon Lopes Rosado. "Growth and production of conilon coffee under fertilization of nitrogen and molybdenum (Mo)." March 2021, no. 15(03):2021 (March 5, 2021): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.03.p3130.

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Nitrogen is the most applied nutrient in Coffea canephora crops, due to the high requirement of the crop and low availability in most soils. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization can be maximized by applying molybdenum, due to the role of molybdenum in the nitrate’s metabolism. This study was conducted during two coffee production cycles under field conditions. It aimed to evaluate the effects of applying molybdenum on the growth and production of conilon coffee, subjected to different amounts of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted from June 2018 to May 2020. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the absence and presence of molybdenum fertilization (4 kg ha-1 year-1) and the second factor, nitrogen doses (300, 500, 700, 900 and 1,100 kg ha-1 year-1) applied in five plots, during fruit development. We evaluated the conilon growth variables in each agricultural year, in addition to the yield of processed coffee and grain yield. The length of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes per side branch, number of rosettes and fruits per productive branch were closely related to the coffee yield and were influenced by the nitrogen fertilization. Increasing doses of nitrogen promoted quadratic increases in coffee yield, with addition of 35.3% and 88.9% for the 2019 and 2020 harvests, respectively, indicating that maximum coffee productivity is genetically defined and affected by environment conditions and management. For the harvest 2020, the application of molybdenum resulted in an increase in the length of the orthotropic stem and plagiotropic branches, in addition to providing increase of 3.7% in the yield of C. canephora. This suggested that there was a reduction in micronutrient availability in the soil, throughout the experimental period, limiting the growth and production of coffee in the second year

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Franco Júnior, Kleso Silva, and Ligiane Aparecida Florentino. "SHADING EFFECT ON COFFEE TREE IN FORMATION STAGE." Coffee Science 14, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i2.1561.

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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming is expected with temperature rise and changes in the rainfall in tropical regions, including soil warming, which may lead losses to perennial plants. This phenomenon causes researchers to search through science alternatives in order to minimize these impacts. The objective in this research was to evaluate the cultivation of different plants in a intercropping for the coffee tree shading and its influence on the seedlings establishment, development, coffee growth and the maintenance of lower soil temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Santa Felicidade Site, Campestre - municipality - South of MG , located at 21 ° 43’ 12 “South and 46 ° 14’ 46” West at an altitude of 1.106 meters. The cultivar used was the Catuai IAC 144, was intercropped with the following species: maize (Zea mays L.), guandu (Cajanus cajan L.), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis L.), mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimun) and control without any intercrop, totaling five treatments. The plants sowing for shading was performed using a manual planter and the planting was done in 4 plots per treatment, totaling 20 experimental units in a randomized block design with 14 coffee plants per plot. The 10 central plants were analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the following characteristics were evaluated: seedlings establishment, growth in height, average length of plagiotropic branches, number of internodes in plagiotropic branches, coffee canopy and soil temperature. The data were statistically interpreted by means of variance analysis. The means were grouped by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability using the statistical software SISVAR®. According to the results obtained the shading plants in intercropped with the coffee tree managed in the post-planting and first-year phases contributed to a better coffee tree development, observed mainly in the treatments using the Crotalaria and Guandu species.

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Carlos Verdin Filho, Abraão, Tainá x. Tainá Costa Araujo, Sílvio de Jesus Freitas, Maria Amélia Gava Ferrão, Marcone Comério, Saul de Andrade, João Felipe de Brites Senra, and Laís Viana Paes Mendonça. "Influence of the cut length of plagiotropic branches in conilon coffee stem cuttings for the seedling production." Coffee Science 16 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/.v16i.1975.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plagiotropism'

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