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Academic literature on the topic 'Placental gross morphology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Placental gross morphology"
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Monaco, Davide, Carolina Castagnetti, Aliai Lanci, Taher Kamal Osman, Giovanni Michele Lacalandra, and Jasmine Fusi. "On-field Gross Morphology Evaluation of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Fetal Membranes." Animals 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2024): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111553.
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The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) fetal membranes, commonly referred to as “the placenta”, are epitheliochorial, diffuse, and microcotyledonary, similarly to the mare’s placenta. The evaluation of the placenta is an essential component of the neonatal evaluation in the equine species. However, post-partum or post-abortion placental assessment in dromedary camels is unfortunately too frequently neglected and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the dromedary camel species lacks a comprehensive description of the normal placenta’s gross morphology. In order to facilitate its on-field evaluation, the current study describes the macroscopic features of the placenta of the dromedary camel after full-term pregnancy and spontaneous parturition.
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Arshad, Rabia, Fahad Azam, and Abida Shaheen. "EFFECTS OF METFORMIN AND INSULIN ON MORPHOLOGY, STEREOLOGY AND MEAN MORPHOMETRIC DIFFUSION CAPACITY IN DIABETIC PLACENTA." Pakistan Journal of Physiology 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v18i2.1420.
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Background: Insulin given for the treatment of GDM is associated with hypoxic changes whereas Metformin has beneficial micro-vascular effects on the placenta. This comparative drug study was conducted with objectives to compare the effects of Metformin and Insulin on the morphology and stereology in gestational diabetes. And to calculate and compare the mean morphometric diffusion capacity for oxygen in Metformin and Insulin treated gestational diabetics. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted from Jan 2018 to Feb 2019 in the Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Out of 136 high-risk females, 83 confirmed gestational diabetics were enrolled in second trimester and were further randomised into Group A (oral Metformin therapy) and Group B (subcutaneous Insulin therapy). They were followed till term and after delivery. Collected placentae (35 in each group) were subjected to gross, microscopic and detailed stereological study. Results: Placental weight on gross, hypoxic changes such as immature villi, chorangiosis and syncytial knots on light microscopic morphology, placental volume, the total volume of placental villi and total volume of foetal connective tissue on stereology were significantly more in Insulin-treated diabetic placentae whereas the mean villi diameter and mean morphometric diffusion capacity was significantly more in Metformin-treated placentae. Conclusion: Metformin-treated placentae were significantly different as compared to the insulin-treated placenta. Metformin treated placentae showed better morphometric diffusion capacity for oxygen than insulin treated placentae. Pak J Physiol 2022;18(2):22?7
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Freedman, Alexa A., Carol J. Hogue, Carmen J. Marsit, Augustine Rajakumar, Alicia K. Smith, Robert L. Goldenberg, Donald J. Dudley, et al. "Associations Between the Features of Gross Placental Morphology and Birthweight." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 22, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526618789310.
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The placenta plays a critical role in regulating fetal growth. Recent studies suggest that there may be sex-specific differences in placental development. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the associations between birthweight and placental morphology in models adjusted for covariates and to assess sex-specific differences in these associations. We analyzed data from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network's population-based case–control study conducted between 2006 and 2008, which recruited cases of stillbirth and population-based controls in 5 states. Our analysis was restricted to singleton live births with a placental examination (n = 1229). Characteristics of placental morphology evaluated include thickness, surface area, difference in diameters, shape, and umbilical cord insertion site. We used linear regression to model birthweight as a function of placental morphology and covariates. Surface area had the greatest association with birthweight; a reduction in surface area of 83 cm2, which reflects the interquartile range, is associated with a 260.2-g reduction in birthweight (95% confidence interval, −299.9 to −220.6), after adjustment for other features of placental morphology and covariates. Reduced placental thickness was also associated with lower birthweight. These associations did not differ between males and females. Our results suggest that reduced placental thickness and surface area are independently associated with lower birthweight and that these relationships are not related to sex.
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Liang, Xinyan, Jiaqi Zhang, Yu Wang, You Wu, Hui Liu, Wei Feng, Ziyi Si, et al. "Comparative study of microvascular structural changes in the gestational diabetic placenta." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 20, no. 3 (May 2023): 147916412311736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14791641231173627.
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Aims Microvascular morphology and pathological changes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) placentas and normal placentas were observed via vascular casting technology, electron microscopy, and pathological detection technology. Vascular structure and histological morphology changes in GDM placentas were examined to generate basic experimental data for the diagnosis and prognostic determination of GDM. Methods This case–control study involving 60 placentas, 30 from healthy controls and 30 from patients with GDM. Differences in size, weight, volume, umbilical cord diameter, and gestational age were assessed. Histological changes in the placentas in the two groups were analyzed and compared. A placental vessel casting model was constructed using a self-setting dental powder technique, to compare the two groups. The placental cast microvessels of the two groups were compared using scanning electron microscopy. Results There were no significant differences in maternal age or gestational age between the GDM group and the control group ( p > .05). The size, weight, volume, and thickness of the placentas in the GDM group were significantly greater than those in the control group, as was umbilical cord diameter ( p < .05). Immature villus, fibrinoid necrosis, calcification, and vascular thrombosis were significantly greater in the placental mass in the GDM group ( p < .05). The terminal branches of the microvessels in diabetic placenta casts were sparse, with significantly fewer ends and lower villous volume ( p < .05). Conclusion Gestational diabetes can cause gross and histological changes in the placenta, particularly placental microvascular changes.
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Dhakal, Binod, VK Singh, Raghavan Narasimhan, and OP Talwar. "Pathological changes in placentas of pregnant females with Gestational hypertension." Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v4i1.42677.
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Background: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and contribute greatly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The complications of hyper-tensive disorders in pregnancy have been attributed to abnormalities in the placenta. This study aims to observe the clinical, gross and microscopical (morphology) effects of pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia and Eclampsia. Methods: It was a prospective study conducted in 30 placentas of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and 20 placentas of normal pregnancy. The placentas with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were compared with the placentas of normal pregnancy. Results: The mean age of mother at delivery was 28.1 years, 25.04 years and 25.04 years in pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia and normal pregnancy respectively. The mean birth weight of new born babies, the mean placental weight and volume were found to be much lower than the control group. The risk for prematurity along with gross and histological abnormalities such as the presence of necrosis, villous hypermaturity, lymphohistiocytic villitis, avascular villi, perivillous fibrin deposits, hyalinization, stromal fibrosis, calcification and vessel wall thickening were observed significantly more often in the placentas of hypertensive mothers. Conclusion: There is a significant Gross and microscopic changes observed in placentas of hypertensive mothers than the normal mothers. Similarly placental weight and volume were found to be much lower.
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Kumari, Rekha, Nakul Choudhary, and Rashmi Prasad. "Study on Histomorphological Findings in Placenta in Cases of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension." Academia Anatomica International 6, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2020.6.2.12.
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Introduction: PIH is a common condition associated with changes in placenta. It leads to increased perinatal mortality. The present study was conducted to assess the morphological and histopathological changes in placenta in cases of pregnancy induced hypertension. Subjects and Methods: The present comparative study included 49 cases of PIH and 49 normotensive mothers. Clinical details and placental morphology were noted. Results: That the two groups are similar with no significant difference. Placental weight and diameter were similar in PIH and control groups (p>0.05). However, placental thickness and number of cotyledons were greater in PIH group (p=0.00) while placental volume was lower with significant difference (p=0.01). PIH group showed greater proportion of infarction, calcification, hyalinised area per 10 lpf and intervillous haemorrhage (p=0.00). Conclusion: PIH leads to gross and microscopic changes in placental morphology.
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Begum, Mahamuda, Shamim Ara, Shahnaz Begum, Segupta Kishwara, Khondaker Abu Rayhan, Asad Hossain, and Anjuman Nahar. "Big placenta and anaemia in pregnancy." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 1, no. 2 (October 14, 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12161.
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Background: Birthing process is the journey of the spirit/ soul. The Placenta is the home for this spirit/ soul for nine months. Placenta has a huge role to play throughout the pregnancy acting as the kidneys, lungs and intestines all in one1. Placenta is an organ that is essential to the survival and growth of the fetus of the mammals. Anaemia in pregnancy is common and one of the risk factors in pregnancy. Maternal anaemia result in fetal hypoxemia and also stimulates placental growth. In anaemia, significant changes both in gross morphology and in histology of the placenta can occur. Type of study: Descriptive. Place of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Study period: July 2005 to June 2006. Methods: Sixty (60) placentas of Bangladeshi pregnant women were studied. Out of 60 placentas, anaemic and control group were 40 and 20 respectively. The study was designed to determine, morphological changes of placenta which is influenced by maternal anaemia. Macroscopic dimension of the placenta were measured with observation and dissection method. The samples were divided into group A (control), group B1 (mild anaemia), group B2 (moderate anaemia) and group B3 (severe anaemia). The severe group was not found in present study. Result: In anaemia, placental diameters, surface area and thickness were increased. Conclusion: There were morphological changes of the placenta in association with maternal anaemia. However, comprehensive work considering the physiological, biochemical, genetic as well as further gross, light, electron microscopic and morphometric placental studies are needed in order to support the findings of present study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12161 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.17-20
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Ojha, Kamala, Suniti Rawal, and Abhimanyu Jha. "Placental Pathology in Severe Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia." Nepalese Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v1i1.20397.
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Introduction: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Since placenta is the functional unit between the mother and fetus examination of placenta can give an idea about prenatal experience of fetus. The aim is to observe the morphology and histopathology of placenta in pregnancy with severe preeclampsia / eclampsia between 20-42 weeks of gestation.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pathology at Institute of Medicine, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, TUTH for one year, starting from 15th May 2015 - 14th May 2016. A total 55 placentas, 48 of severe preeclampsia and 7 of eclampsia were collected and placental morphometric parameters, gross and histopathological features were examined.Results: It was found that placental morphometric parameters were significantly reduced. Histopathological study showed significant number of syncytial knots, areas of fibrinoid necrosis, hyalinization and calcification. These placental findings were associated with significantly decreased weight of fetus at birth.Conclusions: Preeclampsia and eclampsia cause significant placental morphometric and histological changes which in turn adversely affects neonatal birth weight.Nepalese Medical Journal, vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 32-35
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Mishal, Jyoti, Chandra Bhushan Jha, Shailaja Chhetri Shrestha, Yamuna Agrawal, Archana Chaudhary, and Nikky Maharjan. "Gross and Micro Anatomical Study of Placenta from Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies." Nepal Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njhs.v2i1.47150.
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Introduction: The examination of the placenta gives a clear idea of what happened with fetus when it was in the mother’s womb. The changes in placenta of women with pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancies can be compared. Objective: This study was done to find out differences in gross structure and histology between normal and hypertensive placentas. Methods: Placenta from case and control group was collected from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan. The histology slides were prepared, examined and parameters was collected. Results: The mean weight of placenta in control group was 469.5±148.9gm and in case group was 375.50 ± 109.08gm which was statistically significant. The histological observation of syncytial knot, hyalinized villi, stromal fibrosis, necrosis, hemorrhage and calcification in placenta was significantly higher in case group than that of in normotensive group. Conclusions: It is concluded that, in hypertension complicating pregnancy, with increase of severity, there is decrease in morphology and increase in abnormal histological changes of placenta. So, the reduction in placental morphological parameters and histological changes might be the reason for retarded growth of baby with increased complication of hypertension.
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A. J, Molly, and Usha Devi K.B. "Gross Features of Human Placentae in Normal and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 14 (April 5, 2021): 1008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/216.
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BACKGROUND Placenta is a multifunctional fetomaternal organ that plays an important role during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is reflected on placenta both macroscopically and microscopically as enlargement of placenta, abnormalities in villi and degenerative changes. METHODS This is a cross sectional study conducted among two groups, normal group and GDM group, to compare the gross features of GDM placentae in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. RESULTS The study was conducted on 65 normal and 65 GDM placentae. There was an increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the age group > 25 years with a mean age of 26.38 ± 3.84 years. Multiparous women have been found to be more prone to gestational diabetes mellitus. Past history of abortions and intrauterine death (IUD) was more in GDM group as compared to normal group. Incidence of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was also more in GDM group. Weight, diameter and number of maternal cotyledons of placentae were significantly increased in GDM. The predominant shape of placenta in both groups was round, next to that was oval. Only 3 placentae showed irregular shape and that was from GDM group. Most common type of attachment of umbilical cord was eccentric in both groups. Next to that was central and marginal respectively. Only one placenta was furcate and that belonged to GDM group. Fetal membrane was translucent in all normal and GDM placentae. Mean birth weight of the baby of GDM mothers was significantly increased. Mean fetoplacental weight ratio was significantly decreased in GDM group as compared to normal group. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, GDM placentae showed significant changes in gross features. Meticulous gross examination of a placenta prior to histologic sectioning enhances microscopic interpretation. By increasing our understanding of the placenta, it may be possible to prevent and treat placental abnormalities related to GDM, thus ensuring lifelong health of the child and the mother. Hence, the present work would provide vital information to both obstetricians and neonatologists. KEY WORDS Placenta, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Morphology of Placenta
Book chapters on the topic "Placental gross morphology"
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Salafia, Carolyn, and Drucilla J. Roberts. "Placental Weight, Shape and Gross Vascular Morphology." In Pathology of the Placenta, 47–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97214-5_5.
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