Relevant bibliographies by topics / Placenta; Pregnancy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Placenta; Pregnancy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Mehare, Tsegaye, and Daniel Kebede. "Fetoplacental Weight Relationship in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complicated by Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Abruption of Placenta among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2018." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2020 (January 27, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6839416.

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Introduction. Placenta is a complex multifunctional organ that maintains pregnancy and promotes normal fetal development. The fetal outcome is adversely influenced by pathological changes in the placenta because it is a mirror that reflects the intrauterine status of the fetus. Placental abnormalities are considered a leading cause of maternal and prenatal mortality. This study aimed to assess the fetoplacental weight relationship in pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption placenta and compare with the normal one. Objective. This study designed to assess fetoplacental weight relationships in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption of placenta among mothers who gave birth in Dilla University Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia, 2018. Materials and Methods. Institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was used on 50 placentas from mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension, 50 placentas from mothers with abruption of placenta, and 50 placentas from mothers with normal pregnancy (control) with an age range of 19–34 years. The weight of the placenta and newborn were taken and the fetoplacental ratio was calculated. Results. Placental index as well as the weight of the newborn shows statistically significant (p<0.001) difference in pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption placenta group compared with the normal group. The mean of the fetoplacental ratio in the normal group was 5.52 ± 0.07, in pregnancy-induced hypertension was 5.15 ± 0.11, whereas the abruption placenta was 4.99 ± 0.82. Conclusion. Both PIH and abruption placenta were associated with remarkable changes in the placenta index such as small placental weight and diameter and results in different kinds of congenital anomalies and low birth weight of the baby. Hence, fetoplacental ratio was altered. The lowest fetoplacental ratio was 4.99 for abruption placenta, and the highest was for a normal group of the placenta which was 5.52. Therefore, an examination of the placenta before and after birth guarantees for feto-maternal health.
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Dhawle, Manjusha S., Ashwini R. Tangde, Bhagyashree P. Mundhe, Santosh G. Rathod, and Rajan S. Bindu. "Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Cancer Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (June 24, 2017): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173015.

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Background: The intrauterine existence of fetus is dependent on one vital organ 'the placenta’. The placenta reflects the status of maternal hypertension as it is the mirror of maternal and fetal health. The hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of all pregnancies and form a dangerous triad with haemorrhage and infection that contributes greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality. The fetus is dependent on placenta for growth and development. Many disorders of pregnancy like hypertension are accompanied by gross and histological changes in placenta. Aim of the study was to study the various morphological lesions of placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension and compare them with normal pregnanciesMethods: Gross and microscopic examination was conducted on 70 placentas. These included 15 normal placentas and 55 placentas from pregnancy induced hypertension.Results: In PIH, on gross the placenta showed areas of infarction, perivillous fibrin deposition and basal decidual haematoma, while microscopically showed increased syncytial knotting, cytotrophoblasitc proliferation, basement membrane thickening, vasculosyncytial membrane deficiency, infarction and fibrinoid necrosis.Conclusions: Maternal disorders affect the placental histology and can be detected by morphological examination of such placentae. The placenta from hypertensive pregnant women show significant morphological changes as compared to control, which may alter the perinatal outcome.
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Khan, A. T., and K. S. Stewart. "Ultrasound Placental Localisation in Early Pregnancy." Scottish Medical Journal 32, no. 1 (February 1987): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308703200109.

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A retrospective study of 400 consecutive case records was made to establish the clinical significance of the low lying placenta found on ultrasound. Diagnostic accuracy is discussed. 30% of the patients had a low lying placenta on early scan. Of these, 73% had a follow up scan. There was a progressive drop in the incidence of low lying placentae through pregancy until at term, in this study, there was no placenta previa. It is considered that a repeat scan is necessary to exclude placenta previa, but not until 34 weeks gestation. Amongst the patients with early low lying placentae the incidence of antepartum haemorrhage of indeterminate type was significantly high (P<0.001). A careful surveillance of these patients is therefore required. Dynamic placental migration may be the cause of this bleeding. Further study is necessary to determine the effect of early placental position on subsequent fetal development.
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Begum, Mahamuda, Shamim Ara, Shahnaz Begum, Segupta Kishwara, Khondaker Abu Rayhan, Asad Hossain, and Anjuman Nahar. "Big placenta and anaemia in pregnancy." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 1, no. 2 (October 14, 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12161.

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Background: Birthing process is the journey of the spirit/ soul. The Placenta is the home for this spirit/ soul for nine months. Placenta has a huge role to play throughout the pregnancy acting as the kidneys, lungs and intestines all in one1. Placenta is an organ that is essential to the survival and growth of the fetus of the mammals. Anaemia in pregnancy is common and one of the risk factors in pregnancy. Maternal anaemia result in fetal hypoxemia and also stimulates placental growth. In anaemia, significant changes both in gross morphology and in histology of the placenta can occur. Type of study: Descriptive. Place of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Study period: July 2005 to June 2006. Methods: Sixty (60) placentas of Bangladeshi pregnant women were studied. Out of 60 placentas, anaemic and control group were 40 and 20 respectively. The study was designed to determine, morphological changes of placenta which is influenced by maternal anaemia. Macroscopic dimension of the placenta were measured with observation and dissection method. The samples were divided into group A (control), group B1 (mild anaemia), group B2 (moderate anaemia) and group B3 (severe anaemia). The severe group was not found in present study. Result: In anaemia, placental diameters, surface area and thickness were increased. Conclusion: There were morphological changes of the placenta in association with maternal anaemia. However, comprehensive work considering the physiological, biochemical, genetic as well as further gross, light, electron microscopic and morphometric placental studies are needed in order to support the findings of present study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12161 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.17-20
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Waszak, Małgorzata, Krystyna Cieślik, Joanna Kempiak, Grzegorz Bręborowicz, and Janusz Gadzinowski. "Relationship between type and weight of placenta and neonate birth weight in twin pregnancy." Anthropological Review 76, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0017.

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Abstract The relationship between the type and size of placenta and the development of twin fetuses is still discussed in perinatology. The objective of this paper is to answer the question whether the final weight and size of placenta is a limiting factor for fetal growth in twin pregnancy. The study material consisted of 1,261 pairs of fetuses from monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancies, born by cesarean section between pregnancy weeks 22 and 41 at the Perinatology and Gynecology Department of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences between 2003 and 2009. Histological examination of secundines, placental weights, and birth weight of twins were evaluated, and the newborn condition was assessed by the Apgar score. Statistical evaluation by analysis of variance assessed placental growth related to gestational age and also the effect of placental-fetal weight ratio on neonate clinical condition. We observed an increase in placenta growth until 38 weeks of pregnancy in twins sharing one placenta and until 36 weeks of pregnancy in twins with separate placentas. Between 22 and 35 weeks of pregnancy, the placental-fetal weight ratio in twins sharing one placenta was higher and they were also smaller than twins with separate placentas The placental-fetal weight ratio was comparable in all twins at delivery and was associated with the clinical condition of newborns. Newborns who received an Apgar score of 8 or more 10 minutes post delivery had a lower ratio than neonates with Apgar score equal to or lower than 7 (p≤0.01). Although these latter twins had both smaller placentas and smaller birth weights, their placental-fetal weight ratios were significantly higher than those of twins born in good condition. Placental growth decreases before pregnancy term but does not limit fetal birth weight in twin pregnancy.
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GOSWAMI, PUSHPA, SAMREEN MEMON, MUHAMMAD ASLAM CHANNA, and Hemlata Rathi. "EXCESSIVE CALCIFICATION OF PLACENTA;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 05 (October 15, 2013): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1452.

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Objective: To examine the morphological change due to excessive calcification of placenta of pregnancies complicated bypregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and placental Abruption and its relation with fetal outcome. Study design: Case control type ofstudy. Place and duration: This study was conducted from June 2008 to July 2009 at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University ofMedical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labor room andgynecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturients that had pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH), forty from parturient having placental abruption & forty placentae of normal pregnancy (Control Group). Age of all parturients isbetween 17 to 32 years. Fetal outcome and data was recorded. Weight and diameter of Placentae were measured. Approximately five cmpiece of placenta was taken and processed for histological study. Results: The weight of placenta in control group were 450 to 650 gmwith a mean weight of 526.25± 8.414 gm and their diameter from 19 to 24 cm with a mean of 21.225±0.2148cm. In PIH group weight ofplacenta was from 200 to 550gm with a mean weight of 432.25 ± 11.889gm and their diameter ranges from 10 to 16cms with amean14.208 ± 0.1914cm. In placental abruption group the weight of placenta ranges from 180 to 400 gm with a mean weight of 284.88±9.084 gms and diameter ranges from 10 to 14cms with mean 13.070 ± 0.2504 cm. The difference in weight and diameter of placentain PIH and abruptio placentae was found statistically significant when compared with weight and diameter of normal placentae. Theweight of new born babies in control group was 1.8 kg to 3.6 kg mean weight of 2.790± 0.0689kg. In PIH group, the fetal weight was 1.4kg to 3.0 kg with a mean weight of 2.195 ±0.0703kg. In abruptio placentae group, the weight of new born baby ranges from 1.0 kg to2.8kg with a mean weight of 1.898 ± 0.0660 kg. Conclusions: Fetal outcome in cases of PIH and in abruptio placentae was poor ascompared to control group.
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Khajuria, Ruchi, and Megha Sharma. "Histopathology of placenta in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190943.

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Background: Birth of healthy term baby depends on normal placenta. IUGR is a condition associated with placental insufficiency. There is a close relationship between IUGR and placental qualitative changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in placentas of IUGR fetuses and in placentas of normal uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship that exists between morphological change and frequency of IUGR.Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, a total of 60 placenta were received, 30 placenta of IUGR fetus (group 1-case) and 30 placenta of uncomplicated pregnancy with normal single fetus (group 2-control). Exclusion criteria: Twin pregnancy, gestational hypertension, diabetes, congenital anomaly, antepartum hemorrhage and systemic disorder.Results: Placental weights in IUGR group were significantly lower than control group. Average placental weight in IUGR group was 425 gms while in the control group (normal placenta) it was 550 gms. Infarction, intervillous thrombosis, chorionic villitis, hemorrhagic endovasculitis, placental intravascular thrombi, perivillous fibrin deposition, fibrinoid necrosis and villous edema were found to be more common in IUGR group (Group 1-case group) than Normal (Group 2- control group).Conclusions: This study highlightened that significant pathological differences were found between the placentas of IUGR fetus and normal fetus. The gross and microscopic measurement of a placenta is a good way to get proper information about IUGR and helps in management of the pregnancy.
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Sosnina, Aleksandra K., Tatyana G. Tral, and Julia S. Krylova. "Functional morphology of the placental villous tree at term singleton pregnancies, achieved by methods of assisted reproductive technology." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 65, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd65343-51.

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Introduction. Of special interest in the use of assisted reproductive technology techniques (ART) is the placenta as the main authority responsible for the formation and growth of the fetus. Purpose and objectives. The aim of our research is to study the morpho-functional state of placenta after pregnancy achieved by means of ART. Research objectives: histological and immunohistochemical study using the CD34, NOS-3 and HIF in these placentas. Methods. Total 98 placentas from full-term singleton pregnancies with gestational age were examined. Two study groups were formed: a basic group - the placenta from pregnancy induced methods of ART (n = 60) was divided into I subgroup, which included 30 placentas from women with primary infertility and II subgroup - 30 placentas from women with secondary infertility comparison group consisted of the placenta from the naturally ensuing pregnancy (12 placentas from primigravidae and 26 placentas from multiparous patients). Results. Histological examination of the morphological structure of the placenta was found that the incidence of chronic placental insufficiency was 1.4 times higher than in the subgroup with secondary infertility. Immunohistochemical study of placentas in the basic group, there was a significant decrease in the expression of cell adhesion marker (CD34) in the vascular epithelium chorionic villi, decreased expression of vascular tone marker (NOS-3) and increase the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in the basic group compared to placenta s from children born naturally. Changes in the expression of the studied markers are most pronounced in the placentas from children born with secondary infertility, which is likely due to the high incidence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in this subgroup. Conclusions. Endometrial pathology in primary and secondary infertility, can cause the formation of functional disorders and morphological structure of placental complex and occurrence in the future placental insufficiency.
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Wang, Joyce, Qing Qiu, Maliha Haider, Michael Bell, Andrée Gruslin, and Julian K. Christians. "Expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 during pregnancy in human and mouse." Journal of Endocrinology 202, no. 3 (May 26, 2009): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0136.

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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and -A2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are proteases that cleave IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and thereby increase the bioavailability of growth factors. PAPPA has long been recognized as a marker of fetal genetic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, although PAPPA2 is also highly expressed in human placenta, its physiological importance is not clear. To establish whether mice will be a useful model for the study of PAPPA2, we compared the patterns of expression of PAPPA2 in the placentae of mouse and human. We show, for the first time, that Pappa2 is highly expressed in mouse placenta, as is the case in humans. Specifically, it is expressed at the interface of the maternal and fetal layers of the mouse placenta at all gestational stages studied (10.5–16.5 days post coitum). Similarly, PAPPA2 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of human placental villi and is also detected in some invasive extravillous trophoblasts in the first trimester. These results are consistent with a model whereby PAPPA2 cleaves IGFBPs produced in the maternal decidua to promote feto-placental growth, and indicate that this protein may play analogous roles in human and mouse placenta. PAPPA2 protein is detectable in the circulation of pregnant mice and humans during the first trimester and at term, raising the possibility that PAPPA2 may be a useful biomarker of placental dysfunction. Pappa2 expression also shows specific localization within the mouse embryo and therefore may play roles in fetal development, independent of its action in the placenta.
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Rizwan Ali Talpur, Samia Siddiqui, Sehar Khowaja, Naila Noor, Muhammad Saqib Baloch, and Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi. "Histomorphometric Variations of the Placenta in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v9i4.540.

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Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a leading cause of deleterious changes in the placenta resulting in decreased blood supply towards the placenta. The objective of the current study was to analyze the histo-morphometric variations in the placenta of women with or without known pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and obstetrics section of Nazeer Hussain Medical Complex, Hyderabad in collaboration with Isra University, Hyderabad from March 2019 to August 2019. A total of 100 placentae were selected and divided into two groups (control and study groups) based on the presence or absence of hypertension in pregnancy. The observations of the control group placenta were compared with the study group placentas. All placentae were observed for morphometric and histological changes. SPSS ver. 22 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: There was an increase in the mean weight of placentae among the control group as compared to the group having known hypertension cases and the difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). The fetoplacental weight ratio was increased among the hypertension group when compared to the statistically insignificant control group (p-value <0.05). Various gross (infarction, calcification) and histological changes (hyalinised villi, intervillous hemorrhage, decreased villous vascularity) were observed in the placentae of the hypertensive group as compared to the normal group. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that Preeclampsia/PIH poses harmful and serious histo-morphometric variations in the placental tissues that affect fetal outcome.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Rankin, Jonathan. "Exploring the Effect of Maternal Physical Activity and Placental Region on Mitochondrial Protein Content and Function in the Placenta." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39339.

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The placenta is responsible for mediating fetal growth and development, thereby influencing health across the lifespan. Physical activity (PA) confers benefits to mother and baby during pregnancy, but little is known about its impact on the placenta. There were two purposes of this study: i) to determine if maternal PA during pregnancy influences placenta mitochondrial protein content and function, and ii) to determine if there were differences in placenta mitochondrial protein content and function in different regions of the placenta, namely proximal or distal to the centre of the placenta. Healthy women between 12-28 weeks gestation were recruited, and free-living PA was objectively assessed at multiple time points during pregnancy using an accelerometer. Participants were grouped by minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per day. Placenta tissue samples were collected from central and distal placental regions immediately post-birth and were used for two separate analyses. Half of the samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and used for western blot analysis of mitochondrial complex I-V proteins. Fresh mitochondria were isolated from the other half of the samples, and high-resolution respirometry was used to measure placental mitochondrial respiration. There were significant positive correlations between maternal PA and mitochondrial protein content in peripheral tissue samples, but protein content was significantly higher in central tissue compared to peripheral tissue samples. In addition, state 3 respiration was higher in central tissue samples of placentas from participants with high MVPA compared to participants with low MVPA. Finally, complex I protein was higher in central tissue samples of placentas from female offspring compared to placentas of male offspring. However, many of these results are underpowered and further study is warranted. This study provides new avenues to explore the relationship between PA and placenta mitochondria in healthy populations.
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Chaudhry, Shazia Hira. "The Association of Homocysteine with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39425.

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Background: Preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), placental abruption, and fetal death are pregnancy complications linked to the utero-placental vasculature with serious consequences for maternal and infant well-being. Elevated homocysteine, a marker of cardiovascular disease risk, is postulated to play a role in placenta-mediated complications, but epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent findings. The two primary objectives of this thesis were to 1: comprehensively investigate the association of homocysteine with placenta-mediated complications and examine modifying effects of pre-specified factors on this association, and 2: comprehensively investigate determinants of maternal homocysteine during pregnancy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted to address thesis objective 1. The Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort, a prospective cohort study that recruited pregnant women between 2002 and 2009, was used to address thesis objectives 1 and 2. Homocysteine concentration was measured between 12 and 20 weeks gestation. Analyses based on the OaK Birth Cohort consisted of multivariable regressions using restricted cubic splines to model associations with continuously distributed variables. Results: Objective 1: In an analysis of 7587 participants, a significant association between homocysteine concentration and a composite outcome of any placenta-mediated complication was observed (odds ratio (OR) for a 5 µmol/L increase: 1.63, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.23-2.16) and SGA (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25-2.46), with potential modifying effects of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T variant (SGA) and high-risk pregnancy (preeclampsia). In the systematic review identifying 30 prospective cohort or nested case-control studies, a random effects meta-analysis of pooled mean differences in homocysteine between cases and controls in 28 studies revealed significantly higher means for SGA: 0.35 µmol/L (95% CI 0.19 to 0.51, I2=33%); and preeclampsia: 0.87 µmol/L (95% CI 0.52 to 1.21, I2=92%). Significant sources of heterogeneity were study region (SGA and preeclampsia), adjusting for covariates (preeclampsia), folate status (preeclampsia), and severity (preeclampsia). Objective 2: In 7587 OaK participants, factors related to favourable health status were associated with lower maternal homocysteine concentrations. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy of >1 mg/day did not substantially increase serum folate concentration. Conclusion: This thesis suggests an independent effect of slightly higher homocysteine concentration in the early to mid-second trimester on the risk of any placenta-mediated complication, SGA, and preeclampsia. Modifying effects explain some of the variability in previous studies. Favourable preconception health status was associated with lower maternal homocysteine.
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Albers, Renee Elizabeth. "Glycolytic Metabolism and Pregnancy Parameters in the Murine Placenta." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1513781057460423.

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Von, Dadelszen Peter. "Activation of maternal leukocytes in pre-eclampsia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341959.

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Vailes, McCauley T. "Post-Transfer Outcomes in Cultured Bovine Embryos Supplemented with Epidermal Growth Factor, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86273.

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The high incidence of pregnancy loss is a major issue facing the cattle industry. Use of in vitro fertilized (IVF) bovine embryos has become increasingly popular to help alleviate several of these reproductive issues and provide a means to enhance genetic gain for production traits. An uterine paracrine factor cocktail containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) (collectively termed EFI) was recently identified as a means for improving in vitro derived bovine embryo development and trophectoderm cell numbers. The objectives of this work were to determine if EFI treatment during in vitro bovine embryo culture improves transferable embryo quality and post-transfer placental and fetal development. For each replicate (3 total), slaughterhouse-derived bovine oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro. At day 4 post-fertilization, ≥8 cell embryos were harvested, pooled, and exposed to either the EFI treatment (10ng/ml EGF, 10ng/ml FGF2, 50ng/ml IGF1) or carrier only (1% Bovine Serum Albumin). At day 7, individual embryos were transferred to estrous synchronized beef cattle. Artificial insemination (AI) was completed on a subset of cows. The EFI treatment increased (P<0.05) the percentage of transferable embryos. Pregnancy rate at day 28 post-estrus was similar among treatments. Circulating concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) were determined from plasma harvested at day 28, 42 and 56. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to measure fetal crown-rump length (CRL) at day 42 and 56 and to determine fetal sex at day 60. There were no main effect differences observed across days for PAG concentration. Fetus sex by ET/AI group interactions were absent at day 28 but existed at days 42 and 56 (P<0.05). At both days, this interaction reflected fetus sex-dependent changes within the ET control group, where PAG concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in male fetuses than female fetuses. No CRL differences or interactions existed among fetal sex and pregnancy group. In summary, addition of the EFI cocktail during bovine embryo culture improved the quality of transferable embryos, but did not affect placental function or embryonic/fetal development. Increasing the numbers of transferable embryos is of value given the cost of in vitro embryo production, but no apparent increases in embryo or placental competency were detected. The EFI treatment increased (P<0.05) the percentage of transferable embryos.
Master of Science
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Ajne, Gunilla. "Endothelin and the regulation of peripheral and uteroplacental vascular tone during pregnancy /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-144-X/.

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Braga, Neto Antônio Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Influência do índice apoptótico e da imuno-expressão da survivina no prognóstico de pacientes com mola hidatiforme completa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106370.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 braganeto_ar_dr_botfm.pdf: 558985 bytes, checksum: 2d6e135d455babda4cdff06b19ed7964 (MD5)
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Avaliar a influência do índice apoptótico e da imuno-expressão da survivina em tecido molar no prognóstico e tratamento de pacientes com mola hidatiforme completa (MHC). Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, incluindo 78 pacientes com MHC diagnosticadas, tratadas e acompanhadas no Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas de Botucatu/SP, Brasil, entre 1995 e 2006. Baseado nas curvas de regressão da gonadotrofina coriônica, as pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: remissão espontânea (MHC-RE - 59 pacientes) e evolução para NTG pós-molar (MHC-NTG - 19 pacientes). Avaliação imunohistoquímica do trofoblasto viloso foi realizada pela técnica da avidina-biotina-peroxidase, usando dois marcadores: anticorpo policlonal anti-caspase-3 (diluição 1:200; Cell Signaling Technology; TX, USA) e anticorpo monoclonal anti-survivina (clone 5E8; diluição 1:100; Neomarkers, TX, USA). O índice apoptótico foi expresso em porcentual (número de células caspase-3 positivas / número de células contadas x 100). A imuno-expressão da survivina foi determinada por um método semi-quantitativo. Foi significativo o efeito do índice apoptótico sobre a evolução de pacientes com MHC, de tal modo que, o aumento de 1 unidade no índice apoptótico reduziu, em média, 61% a chance de desenvolvimento de NTG pósmolar (OR = 0,61, 95% IC: 0,45-0,84). Nenhuma influência significativa da imunoexpressão da survivina foi observada no desenvolvimento de NTG pós-molar (p > 0,01; teste exato de Fisher). Não foi possível estabelecer correlações entre efeito do índice apoptótico e da imuno-expressão da survivina e variáveis do tratamento. Nesse estudo, o índice apoptótico foi bom preditor do desenvolvimento de NTG depois de MHC, com potencial para ser usado como biomarcador prognóstico dessa doença. Ao contrário, a imuno-expressão...
To assess the influence of the apoptotic index and survivin expression of molar tissue on the prognosis and treatment of patients with complete hydatidiform mole (CHM). This retrospective observational study included 78 patients with CHM, who were diagnosed, treated and followed up in the Center of Trophoblastic Diseases, Botucatu/SP, Brazil, between 1995 and 2006. Based on chorionic gonadotrophin regression curves, patients were divided into two groups: spontaneous remission (CHM-RE - 59 patients) and post-molar GTN (CHM-NTG - 19 patients). Immunohistochemical analysis of the villous trophoblast was perfomed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase, using anti-caspase-3 polyclonal antibodies (1:200; Cell Signaling Technology; TX, USA) and anti-survivin monoclonal antibodies (clone 5E8; 1:100; Neomarkers, TX, USA). The apoptotic index was expressed in percent (number of caspase-3-positive cells / number of cells counted x 100). Survivin immuno-expression was determined by a semiquantitative method. The influence of the apoptotic index on the prognosis of patients with CHM was significant. A 1-unit increase in the apoptotic index represented an average 61% reduction in the chance of developing post-molar GTN (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.45-0.84). No significant influence of survivin immuno-expression was observed on the development of post-molar GTN (p > 0.01; Fisher’s exact test). No correlations of treatment variables with apoptotic index or survivin immunoexpression were found. In this study, the apoptotic index was a good predictor of GTN development after CHM and may be a useful prognostic biomarker of this disease. On the other hand, survivin immuno-expression in the villous trophoblast had no influence on the development of post-molar GTN.
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Ambrósio, Carlos Eduardo. "A barreira placentária em cães (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758): fluxo sanguíneo materno-fetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-21012005-111150/.

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Este estudo define a inter-relação microvascular materno-fetal e o desenvolvimento dos hematomas placentários durante diferentes períodos gestacionais em cães SRD. Placentas de 20, 35, 45 e 55 dias da prenhez foram perfundidas e fixadas para a investigação histológica e confecção de moldes vasculares, injetados com Mercox, e submetidos a corrosão para análise ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os componentes fetais da placenta endoteliocorial e zonária anular do cão são irrigadas por dois ramos arteriais do cordão umbilical, um endereçado à cinta placentária, e outro ao hematoma marginal. Da artéria principal central, originam-se colaterais destinados às lamelas e vilos do labirinto no sentido feto-uterino. O desenvolvimento lamelar mostrou-se progressivo com o avançar da prenhez. Os complexos capilares na periferia dos vilos têm a forma de tufos de pêlos, cujos capilares são contínuos com o sistema venoso. Da artéria hematomal organizam-se os lóbulos microvasculares circulares, que aparecem no septo ou barreiras entre o hematoma marginal e o labirinto. Os capilares placentários maternos dispõem-se de maneira a cruzar os capilares fetais. Conseqüentemente, o fluxo sangüíneo placentário de cães Sem Raça Definida é caracterizado por um tipo de sentido único de corrente cruzada simples. O desenvolvimento dos hematomas marginais foi quantificado por morfometria. Os primeiros traços dos hematomas apareceram entre o 18º a 20º dia da prenhez como áreas hemorrágicas, delimitadas por sincíciotrofoblasto e pelo tecido septal materno. Sua justaposição à artéria materna principal, confirma a origem de sangue extravasado como oriundo dos capilares endometriais. Entre 30 a 45 dias de prenhez, os hematomas são orientados no sentido alanto-uterino, alcançando a região das glândulas endometriais, caracterizando canais de sangue extravasado, organizados em hematomas marginais ou bolsas laterais à cinta placentária central. Mediante análise estatística (KS-400 Zeiss®) correlacionamos a área dos hematomas e da cintura placentária, utilizado o teste de Pearson, o que nos revelou que os hematomas crescem até 46º dia da gestação. Do 46º dia até o parto, o tamanho da cintura ultrapassou o desenvolvimento dos hematomas, sinalizando que a fonte de nutrição do feto de cães no terço final de gestação, depende da troca transplacentária, mesmo considerada a atividade fagocitária exercida pelos hematomas.
That study defines the maternal-fetal microvascular interrelationship and the placental hematomes development during different pregnant periods in the mongrel dog placenta. Placentae from 20, 35, 45 and 55 days of pregnancy were perfusion-fixed for histological investigation and vascular corrosion casts were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Two main umbilical cord arterial branches irrigate the fetal components of annular zonary endotheliochorial dog placentae, one tributary to the centre of the girdle and the other one to the marginal hematome. From the central main artery many stem arteries arise and move through the lamellae or villi of the labyrinth in feto-maternal directions. The lamellar development showed increased substantially with progressing pregnancy. The capillary complexes at the periphery of the villi have the shape of hair tufts and lead into the venous drainage system. The hematomal artery supplies the circular lobules, which appear as a septum-like barrier between the marginal hematome and the labyrinth. The maternal placental capillaries, generally cross the fetal capillaries. Therefore, the placental blood flow in mongrel dogs is characterized by a one-way crosscurrent type interrelationship. Were analyzed the development of the marginal hematomes in dog placentae by morphometry. The first traces of hematomes appeared at 18-20 days of pregnancy as hemorrhagic area lines, and were delimited by syncytiotrophoblast and maternal septal tissue. Its location near the maternal stem artery confirms the endometrial capillary origin of the extravasated blood. Between 30-45 days of pregnancy, the hematomes were oriented in allantoic-uterine direction reaching the endometrial gland region, thus forming channels of extravasated blood, which were organized as marginal hematomes or lateral pockets to the placental girdle. Statistical analysis (KS-400 Zeiss®) was used to quantify the area of hematomes and placental labyrinth, and Pearson test correlation revealed that hematomes grow until 46 days of pregnancy. From day 46 until parturition, the size of the placental labyrinth increased and passed the development of the hematomes. We conclude that the supply of the dog fetus in the last third of pregnancy, depends more on transplacental exchange than on phagocytosis done by hematomes.
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Wright, Caroline. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) biomarkers of placental structure and function in normal and growth restricted pregnancy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri-biomarkers-of-placental-structure-and-function-in-normal-and-growth-restricted-pregnancy(288b4214-b346-4a31-8bdd-1d4afaf65178).html.

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a serious complication of human pregnancy where the fetus fails to reach its genetically pre-determined growth potential. It is a common condition, affecting 5 -15% of all pregnancies (Gardosi 2009) and is linked to a third of all antepartum deaths (CEMACH 2008). An ongoing problem for obstetricians is the difficulty in diagnosing and predicting FGR and those at highest risk of poor outcomes. Placental insufficiency is a major cause of FGR and specific abnormalities in placental morphology and function occur in this condition; constituting an abnormal FGR placental phenotype (Sibley, Turner et al. 2005). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool that allows quantitative analysis of several indices relating to tissue structure and function and, therefore, is of potential use in identifying this phenotype. We hypothesised that a range of MR indices would be feasible in the placenta at 1.5 T, that these indices would be altered in FGR and that there would be correlations with relevant parameters of placental morphology. Ultimately, we aimed to assess whether these indices could be used in the assessment of FGR in utero.Using MRI we estimated placental volume, widths, length and depths in groups of women with normal and FGR pregnancies. We also measured placental relaxation times, T1 and T2, which relate to tissue composition and assessed parameters relating to blood flow using Intra-Voxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) and Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL). We demonstrated an FGR placental phenotype that was reduced in volume but increased in depth, by around 10mm, with a shorter T2 relaxation time and lower values of D (the diffusion coefficient) measured by IVIM. A trend for reduced perfusion measured by ASL was observed in pregnancies with birthweights less than 10th centile (Gardosi, Chang et al. 1992). T2 and D also correlated with stereological indices of placental morphology.In conclusion, the studies in this thesis illustrate these MRI indices show great potential asbiomarkers for identifying the FGR placenta
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Chucri, Thaís Martins. "Imunofenotipagem de leucócitos da placenta bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-10082010-180933/.

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Linfócitos e macrófagos são os principais tipos de leucócitos envolvidos no processo de tolerância materno-fetal. Os linfócitos são divididos em sub-populações de acordo com sua função e fenótipo, apesar de serem morfologicamente semelhantes. Seus tipos incluem os linfócitos T, linfócitos B e natural killers (NK). Macrófagos são células que derivam da migração dos monócitos sangüíneos para o tecido. Na placenta, os macrófagos desempenham um papel importante na regulação da apoptose, prejudicial para o desenvolvimento do embrião, e no processo de apresentação antigênica. Pouco se sabe sobre esses leucócitos na placenta bovina, como sua quantidade e onde estão presentes. Desta maneira, este trabalho tem por objetivo principal identificar as populações de linfócitos e macrófagos presentes na placenta bovina utilizando marcadores específicos e citometria de fluxo. Neste estudo, foram utilizados amostras de placentônios e região intercaruncular de vacas nos três diferentes trimestres da gestação (cinco animais de cada trimestre). As suspensões celulares obtidas foram incubadas com anticorpos monoclonais anti-CD3, anti-CD8, anti-(CD14), e anti-CD335 (uNK) e avaliados pela citometria de fluxo. No placentônio, no primeiro trimestre da gestação, a porcentagem média de células marcadas CD3+ foi de 2,37%, CD8+, 2,39%, CD14+, 1,16% e CD335+, 0,78%. Para a região intercaruncular, a porcentagem de células CD3+ foi 3,43%, 4,41% CD8+, CD14+ 3,91% e CD335+ 0,56%. No segundo trimestre gestacional, o placentônio apresentou 0,63% de células positivas para CD3+, 0,62% para CD8+, 0,34% para CD14+ e 0,55% para CD335+. Na região interplacentomal a porcentagem de células marcadas com CD3+ foi 1,59%, 1,25% para CD8+, 0,38% para CD14+ e 0,39% para CD335+. No terceiro trimestre gestacional, o placentônio apresentou 0,72% de células marcadas para CD3+, 0,75% para CD8+, 1,05% para CD14+ e 0,77% para CD335+. Na região interplacentomal a porcentagem de células marcadas para CD3+ foi 1,59%, 1,50% para CD8+, 0,60% para CD14+ e 0,48% para CD335+. Com base nos resultados apresentados, podemos concluir que a população de leucócitos na 11 placenta bovina é menos numerosa quando comparada às outras espécies como camundongos e humanos, provavelmente pelo tipo de placenta sinepiteliocorial que constitui uma barreira significativa para o sistema imunológico materno, diminuindo drasticamente a exposição do concepto a ele.
Lymphocytes and macrophages are the main types of leukocytes involved in the maternal-fetal process of tolerance. Lymphocytes may be divided in subpopulations according to their function and phenotype, although being morphologically similar. Its types include the T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte and natural killers (NK). Macrophages are cells that derive from the migration of blood monocytes to the tissue. In the placenta, macrophages play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis which is deleterious to the development of the embryo and in the process of antigen presentation. There are very few references regarding the presence and quantity of leukocytes in the bovine placenta, therefore this project aims to identify lymphocytes and macrophages populations in the bovine placenta by using specific markers and flow cytometry. In this study placentomes and interplacentomal regions of cows in the three trimesters of pregnancy (five animals of each trimester) were used. Cells were incubated with the following monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3, anti-CD8, anti-CD14,) and anti-CD335 (uNK) and evaluated by flow cytometry. In the first trimester of pregnancy, for the placentome, the average percentage of cells marked CD3+ was 2.37%, CD8+ 2.39%, , CD14+ 1.16% and CD335+ 0.78%. For the interplacentomal region the percentage of CD3+ was 3.43%, CD8+ 4.41%, CD14+ 3.91%, and CD335+ 0.56%. In second trimester of pregnancy, the placentome presented 0.63% of cells marked with CD3+, 0.62% of CD8+, 0.34% of CD14+ and 0.55% of CD335+. In the interplacentomal region the percentage of cells marked with CD3+ was of 1.59%, 1.25% of CD8+, 0.38% of CD14% and 0.39% of CD335+. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the placentomes had presented 0.72% of cells marked with CD3+, 0.75% of CD8+, 1.05% of CD14+ and 0.77% of CD335+. In the interplacentomal region the percentage of cells marked with CD3+ was of 1.59%, 1.50% of CD8+, 0.60% of CD14+ and 0.48% of CD335+. Based on the presented results, we can conclude that the leukocytes population in the bovine placenta is less 13 numerous than those described for other species like mouse and human, probably because it is a sinepithelial type placenta that constitutes a significant barrier to the maternal immunological system, diminishing drastically the conceptus antigen exposition to it.
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Books on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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P, Bischof, and Klopper Arnold, eds. Proteins of the placenta: Biochemistry, biology, and clinical application. Basel ; New York: Karger, 1985.

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International Conference on Placenta (1990 Tokyo, Japan). Placenta: Basic research for clinical application. Edited by Soma H. Basel: Karger, 1991.

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Lantbruksuniversitet, Sveriges, ed. Studies of the endometrium and placenta during early pregnancy in the pig: Morphology, growth factors and steroid receptors. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1996.

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Pulkkinen, Pekka. Smoking and pregnancy: With a special reference to fetal growth and certain trace element distribution between mother, placenta, and fetus. Tampere: University of Tampere, 1989.

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Color atlas of obstetric and gynecologic pathology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997.

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Matsuto, Mochizuki, and Hussa Robert O, eds. Placental protein hormones: Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium on Placental Protein Hormones, Kobe, Japan, 14-15 July 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1988.

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N, Fitch, and Paradice B. A, eds. Pathology of the human embryo and previable fetus: An atlas. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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International Congress on Placental and Endometrial Proteins (6th 1987 Nagoya-shi, Japan). Placental and endometrial proteins: Basic and clinical aspects : proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Placental and Endometrial Proteins, Nagoya, Japan, 13 December 1987. Utrecht, the Netherlands: VSP, 1988.

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Immunology of pregnancy and cancer. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 1993.

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Mothers, babies, and health in later life. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Slator, Paddy J., Alison Ho, Spyros Bakalis, Laurence Jackson, Lucy C. Chappell, Daniel C. Alexander, Joseph V. Hajnal, Mary Rutherford, and Jana Hutter. "Anisotropy in the Human Placenta in Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction." In Mathematics and Visualization, 263–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56215-1_13.

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AbstractThe placenta has a unique structure, which enables the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Abnormalities in placental structure are associated with major complications of pregnancy; for instance, changes in the complex branching structures of fetal villous trees are associated with fetal growth restriction. Diffusion MRI has the potential to measure such fine placental microstructural details. Here, we present in-vivo placental diffusion MRI scans from controls and pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. We find that after 30 weeks’ gestation fractional anisotropy is significantly higher in placentas associated with growth restricted pregnancies. This shows the potential of diffusion MRI derived measures of anisotropy for assessing placental function during pregnancy.
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Oyelese, Yinka, and Joseph C. Canterino. "Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta." In Bleeding During Pregnancy, 135–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9810-1_8.

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Hunt, Joan S., and Margaret G. Petroff. "Immunologic Aspects of Pregnancy." In The Placenta, 27–35. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444393927.ch4.

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Oyelese, Yinka. "Placenta Previa and Related Placental Disorders." In Queenan's Management of High-Risk Pregnancy, 382–90. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119963783.ch45.

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Benirschke, Kurt, and Peter Kaufmann. "Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of the Human Placenta, 636–753. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4193-3_25.

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Benirschke, Kurt, and Peter Kaufmann. "Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of the Human Placenta, 719–826. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4196-4_25.

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Benirschke, Kurt, and Peter Kaufmann. "Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of the Human Placenta, 790–902. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4199-5_25.

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Severi, Filiberto M., Caterina Bocchi, Silvia Vannuccini, and Felice Petraglia. "Placenta Previa." In Management and Therapy of Late Pregnancy Complications, 179–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48732-8_12.

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Wielgos, Miroslaw, Patrycja Jarmuzek, and Bronislawa Pietrzak. "Abruptio Placenta." In Management and Therapy of Late Pregnancy Complications, 37–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48732-8_3.

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Baldwin, Virginia J. "The Placenta in Multiple Pregnancy." In Pathology of Multiple Pregnancy, 29–62. New York, NY: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9514-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Placenta; Pregnancy"

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Gorikov, Igor, and Irina Andrievskaya. "RELATIONSHIP OF IMMUNO-HISTOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE PLACEENTA IN EXACERBATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRAL INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9c510d54.83584889.

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The relationship between the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the placenta homogenate and its histometric parameters in women during physiological pregnancy and during pregnancy complicated by an exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection in the second trimester of gestation, leading to the development of chronic compensated placental insufficiency, was studied.
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Andrievskaya, Irina, A. Milovanov, Igor Gorikov, Inna Dovzhikova, and Nataliya Ishutina. "RELATIONSHIP OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND BLOOD FLOW IN THE UMBILICAL ARTERY DURING EXCERVATION OF MONO- AND MIXT-CYTOMEGALOVIRAL INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9c664388.47461710.

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In order to determine the role of a cytokine in the regulation of blood supply to the placenta, the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and blood flow in the umbilical artery in healthy pregnant women and during pregnancy complicated by exacerbation of mono- and mixed cytomegalovirus infection in the second trimester was studied
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Woo, Jin Hyuk, Insu Lee, Sun Min Kim, and Tae-Joon Jeon. "Recapitulation of Trophoblast Invasion During Pregnancy in a Physiological Hypoxia Induced Microfluidic Device." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5002.

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Abstract Trophoblast invasion and remodeling of uterine spiral artery is closely related to the healthy pregnancy and normal development of fetus. However, if the trophoblast invasion is inhibited and the spiral artery remodeling process is not sufficiently done, this promotes grave pregnancy diseases such as pre-eclampsia. In this research we focused on one of the major factors that affect trophoblast invasion, oxygen concentration. We designed a microfluidic device fabricated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which can mimic the microenvironment of the placenta and control physiological oxygen concentration. Human umbilical vessel cells (HUVEC) and trophoblasts (HTR-8) were cultured inside the microfluidic device to recapitulate the placental microenvironment. HUVECs and trophoblasts were co-cultured under normoxic and hypoxic condition to recapitulated trophoblast invasion. We anticipate this device to be utilized as a research model for improve our understandings on mechanisms of trophoblast invasion and a possible platform for developing treatment methods and medicines for pregnancy disorders.
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Nguyen, Thien, Kosar Khaksari, Siddharth M. Khare, Roberto Romero, and Amir H. Gandjbakhche. "Oxygenation measurement of placenta tissue during pregnancy using near infrared spectroscopy." In Biophotonics in Exercise Science, Sports Medicine, Health Monitoring Technologies, and Wearables II, edited by Babak Shadgan and Amir H. Gandjbakhche. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582790.

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Yadav, Sushma. "Unusual clinical presentation of chriocarcinoma in young patients – Neulological meatastasis." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685389.

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Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is a malignant trophoblastic tumor, usually of placenta and characterized by ‘early hematogenous spread’ to lungs. Choriocarcinoma of placenta is preceded by – H. Mole (50%), spontaneous abortion (20%), ectopic pregnancy (2%) and normal term pregnancy (20%-30%). It is chemosensitive tumor and even in metastatic lesion cure rate is 90%-95%. Most common site of metastasis is lung and vagina, vulva, kidney, liver, ovaries, brain and intestine. If tumor is not diagnosed and managed timely, because of its vascularity, it bleeds profusely leading to death. Cases: We encountered 2 rare cases, with age of 25 and 27 years respectively with choriocarcinoma with unusual clinical presentation. Both patients presented with neurological symptoms of brain metastasis and succumbed to death within a short span of time. In both cases histopathological report failed to detect chorio-carcinoma but b-HCG and radiological findings were suggestive of choriocarcinoma. Conclusion: If b–HCG level are unusually high with radiological findings, the patients should be considered for chemotherapy even if HPE is inconclusive. Without chemotherapy chorio-carcinoma has a rapid progression and mortality which can be prevented by early suspicion and timely management.
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Qadri, A., G. Papacleovoulou, LB Manna, V. Formigo-Pataia, S. Abu-Hayyeh, P. Dixon, F. Flaviani, and C. Williamson. "G348(P) Ursodeoxycholic acid improves metabolic outcomes in the fetus, placenta and offspring of hypercholanemic pregnancy." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.297.

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"Gestational choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy: A case report." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685341.

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Choriocarcinoma coexisting with or after a “normal” pregnancy has an incidence of one per 1,60,000 pregnancies. In case of choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy, early diagnosis by histopathological examination of the placenta is very important, the precocity of the diagnosis influencing the prognosis and tumor response to chemotherapy. In, this paper we report the case of a 28-year-old woman parity 2 with metastatic choriocarcinoma after term pregnancy, diagnosed at four months after the delivery of a healthy baby. An episode of abundant vaginal bleeding occurred after four months from delivery. The local examination revealed a vaginal tumor whose pathological examination on biopsy sample was inconclusive. Subsequently, she was admitted in our hospital with abundant vaginal bleeding, severe anemia and fever. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an intracavitary uterine tumoral mass with signe of myometrial invasion to the uterine serosa, strong Doppler signal and moderate ascites. Pulmonary X-Ray and computed tomography scan excluded extrapelvic tumoral masses. The pretreatment human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level was 310300 Miu/ml and her FIGO risk factor score was 8 (high–risk group). Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy was performed as an optimal cytoreduction. Postoperative remaining presented by the metastasis located in the lower two-thirds of vagina. Histopatholgical examination revealed uterine choriocarcinoma. Postoperative was initiated four courses of polychemotherapy. Case evaluation was favorable, with the normalization of the Beta-HCG value in two months postoperative and complete remission of vaginal metastasis in six weeks posteoperative.
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8

Lecander, I., and B. Åstedt. "OCCURRENCE OF PAI-2 IN MEN AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644458.

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PAI-2 is a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor most likely produced in the trophoblasts of placenta but presumably also in certain macrophages. It occurs in two molecular froms of 48 and 60 kDa. From placenta homogenates mainly the LMW-form can be isolated. During pregnancy mainly the HMW-form increases in the blood and disappears after delivery.We examined blood samples from 120 male blood donors (females excluded to avoid unknown pregnancies) and 20 staff members, 4 males and 16 females for the presence of PAI-2.PAI-2 antigen levels were measured with a sandwich ELISA using a polyclonal and a monoclonal antibody. The concentration was given in per cent of that in pooled term plasma.PAI-2 antigen was detected in 5 of the blood donors 9, 12, 22, 31 and 60 %. In one male staff member the antigen concentration was 9 % and in one female 72 %. Repeated analyzes of this last member for six months resulted in values between 30-90 %. Immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody against PAI-2 showed a HMW-band of about 80 kDa.
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9

Kirch-heimer, J. C., H. Kölbl, G. Christ, and G. Tatra. "CHANGES IN FIBRINOLYTIC PARAMETERS AFTER DELIVERY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644843.

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Recent studies by Astedt et al. have shown increasing levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor during pregnancy, but the origin of the inhibitor is unknown. Levels of fibrinolytic parameters were determined in plasma collected from 18 females (age 22.7 ± 3.2, mean ± SD) after a normal medically controlled pregnancy at the time of delivery and on the following 5 days. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen was measured by enzyme immunoassay, urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) antigen by a radioimmunoassay and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI ) by a functional assay. The results are summarized in the following table:Postpartal changes in tPA antigen and PAI have been found to be significant, both decreasing after delivery and reaching normal control values for tPA on day 2 and for PAI on day 1 while uPA antigen remained normal. Since tPA levels before delivery have been found to be normal, increased levels at delivery might be caused by a release or by hormonal changes, while the decrease in PAI might again be caused by hormonal changes or by removal of the placenta.
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10

Booth, N. A., A. Reith, and B. Bennett. "A PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR (PAI-2) CIRCULATES IN TWO HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FORMS IN PREGNANCY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644459.

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Abstract:
Normal vascular endothelium and platelet α-granules contain an inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAI-1) of about 48000 molecular weight, which is released by stimuli such as thrombin. An immunologically distinct inhibitor (PAI-2) of about 47000 molecular weight has been purified from placenta and from a histiocytic cell line U-937. The level of PA-inhibition in plasma is raised in late pregnancy and this may be due to increases in PAI-1 or in PAI-2 or in both.Using SDS-PAGE and zymography on fibrin/plasminogen /u-PA detector gels, we have found that normal plasma contains a band of inhibition of apparent molecular weight 40000, which can be neutralised by antiserum raised against PAI-1. Pregnancy plasma contained this band as well as additional inhibitor bands of apparent molecular weights 75000 and 130000. The novel high molecular weight PA-inhibitors were detectable by zymography at about 12 weeks gestation. They were specific for plasminogen activator and did not inhibit plasmin. They were inhibited by antiserum raised against PAI-2 from U-937 cells (a gift from Dr EKO Kruithof) and thus are immunologically related to PAI-2. They may represent circulating complexes of PAI-2 with another protein or aggregates of PAI-2, which retain inhibitory activity after SDS-PAGE. PAI-2 appears to represent a pregnancy associated protein that circulates in a number of different molecular weight forms.
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