Journal articles on the topic 'Place and Ecology as Infrastructure'
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1
Dunlap, Alexander. "Bureaucratic land grabbing for infrastructural colonization: renewable energy, L’Amassada, and resistance in southern France." Human Geography 13, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620918041.
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Governments and corporations exclaim that “energy transition” to “renewable energy” is going to mitigate ecological catastrophe. French President Emmanuel Macron makes such declarations, but what is the reality of energy infrastructure development? Examining the development of a distributional energy transformer substation in the village of Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu, this article argues that “green” infrastructures are creating conflict and ecological degradation and are the material expression of climate catastrophe. Since 1999, the Aveyron region of southern France has become a desirable area of the so-called renewable energy development, triggering a proliferation of energy infrastructure, including a new transformer substation in St. Victor. Corresponding with this spread of “green” infrastructure has been a 10-year resistance campaign against the transformer. In December 2014, the campaign extended to building a protest site, and ZAD, in the place of the transformer called L’Amassada. Drawing on critical agrarian studies, political ecology, and human geography literatures, the article discusses the arrival process of the transformer, corrupt political behavior, misinformation, and the process of bureaucratic land grabbing. This also documents repression against L’Amassada and their relationship with the Gilets Jaunes “societies in movement.” Finally, the notion of infrastructural colonization is elaborated, demonstrating its relevance to understanding the onslaught of climate and ecological crisis.
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Granjou, Céline, and Jeremy Walker. "Promises that Matter: Reconfiguring Ecology in the Ecotrons." Science & Technology Studies 29, no. 3 (September 14, 2016): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.58844.
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Ecotrons are large instruments designed to produce experimentally valid knowledge through the controlled manipulation of enclosed, simplifed ecosystems. Situating the ecotrons within a select genealogy of artificial biospheres, and drawing on interviews with key researchers engaged in the conception and recent construction of two ecotrons in France, we propose to think through ecotrons as promissory and anticipatory infrastructures that materialize a profound reconfiguration of ecologists’ roles within wider civilizational narratives. Ecotrons encapsulate ecologists’ ambitions to practice a ‘hard’ science, recognized by international environmental and science policy forums: they were integral to rise of the sub-discipline of functional ecology which underpins the policy discourse of ‘ecosystem services’. Combining patterns of controlled experimentation with live simulations of future environmental conditions anticipated in climate change scenarios, and thus materialise a reorientation of the vocation of ecology: to secure the resilience of those ‘ecosystem services’ deemed critical to social life. Originally tasked with assessing the effects of biodiversity loss on to the productivity and stability of ecosystems, ecotron research is increasingly focused on microbial ecosystems, and takes place within a terminology resolutely optimistic about the possibilities of ecological engineering, to the exclusion of earlier concerns with mass extinction. Keywords: ecotrons, functional ecology, infrastructure, biodiversity, anticipation, global warming
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Nóblega-Carriquiry, Andrea. "Contributions of Urban Political Ecology to sustainable drainage transitions." Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica 68, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 363–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.701.
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This article aims to demonstrate how critical urban geography and Urban Political Ecology (UPE) can provide analytical tools to fully incorporate the social dimension in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), overcoming ageographical and depoliticized understandings of sustainable stormwater transitions. Through its socio-technical framework, Sustainability Transitions Theory (STT) has contributed significantly to the discourses around governance, infrastructure and management of the new stormwater paradigm from hazard to resource. However, the theory fails to recognise the complexities that geographical, historical and political dynamics introduce into this process, as questions arise regarding why, how and for whom stormwater becomes a resource. The article argues that UPE can offer insights into why and how drainage transitions may take place in specific contexts, considering aspects of sustainability, social equity, justice and democracy.
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Krupina, N. N. "Industrial zones is the place where the green city originates." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1857–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.10.1857.
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Subject. The article updates the scientific view of the environmental protection greening and the special land use regime as a special city planning means of passive sanitary protection of people from the adverse aerial and technological impact and the recovery of the environment we live in. Objectives. I identify the specifics of designing and efficient operation of environmental protection greening as an inseparable part of the urban ecosystem. The article justifies the technique for strategic positioning of respective infrastructure projects in order to ensure the protective effect. Methods. The study relies upon general methods of analysis, systematization of existing viewpoints and published findings, graphic and logic analysis, matrix-based tools to choose an administrative strategy. Results. I analyzed the air-holding capacity of economic activity in regions and the outcome of air quality monitoring as a risk factor for public health. The article pinpoints operational difficulties in the environmental protection greening facilities and strategic approaches to addressing the issues in order to improve the environmental security of industrial zones. I determine new aspects of public relations and groups of criteria to assess the effectiveness of green infrastructure projects. The article provides the rationale for fiscal incentives for investors and public-private partnership of stakeholders. Conclusions and Relevance. Considering national projects, such as Ecology, Demography, Convenient Urban Environment, I emphasize the relevance of recovering and rehabilitating obsolete environmental protection greening facilities situated in industrial zones of industrially developed cities. Green projects should indeed comply with a set of progressive results of fundamental studies carried in various scientific areas. There should be fiscal incentives in terms of taxes and depreciation on special assets as the basis for the private-municipal partnership in green assets management in order to enhance the environmental security of industrial zones.
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Angelstam, Per, Michael Manton, Marine Elbakidze, Frans Sijtsma, Mihai Cristian Adamescu, Noa Avni, Pedro Beja, et al. "LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 7 (November 26, 2018): 1461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0737-6.
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Park, Chanyul, and Hwasung Song. "Visitors’ Perceived Place Value and the Willingness to Pay in an Urban Lake Park." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112518.
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As highly developed nature, an urban lake park will be a place required to integrate various functions such as health promotion, recreation, and cultural exchange by focusing on ecological aspects. We applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify latent classes based on visitors’ perceived place value, and to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) by these classifications. Park visitors were classified according to place value into three groups: Local Seekers (LS), Ecology Seekers (ES), and Recreation Seekers (RS). To compare the WTP of the three groups and examine differences in attributes between the groups, we used a choice experiment (CE). The results from the CE revealed that the WTP for attributes was ranked in the order of basic infrastructure, advanced services, and ecological activities. These differences in the WTP of visitors in an urban lake park may be useful for park management, such as providing strategies for zoning and ecotourism, which is specialized by visitor type.
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YALÇINKAYA, Şevval, Sinan YİRMİBEŞOĞLU, Nurgül ÇELİK BALCI, and Burcu OZSOY. "A Review on Geological View of Svalbard with its Infrastructure and Strategies." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 9, no. 4 (December 11, 2022): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1081659.
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Arctic Region (AR); Its role in global climate change, recently opened commercial sea routes, unexploited industrial resources, unique polar ecosystem and international geopolitical balance making it a strategic area that attracts the attention of many countries. In this aspect, the Arctic Council carries out various studies and international cooperation, especially interdisciplinary scientific research in the AR. Apart from the Council, many institutions, organizations and societies come to the AR to conduct scientific studies. When these studies examined from a geological point of view, it seen that they classified as glacial science, marine geology, geomorphology, microbial ecology, permafrost, biogeochemistry and geochemistry. Svalbard is geologically salient as well as being the place where most scientific studies are conducting in AR. In line with the geological significance of Svalbard, many institutions are engaged in educational studies, science strategies, international projects, etc. In this study, the geological structure, geological infrastructure and scientific strategy for geological researches of the Svalbard Region are examined. Moreover, projects that can be done within the scope of scientific researches of Turkey in AR, are evaluated as a recommendation.
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Foryś, Iwona, and Joanna Cymerman. "Agricultural Potential of Polish Voivodships in the Context of Sustainable Development." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.391.
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The paper focuses on the issue of the agricultural potential of Polish voivodships in the context of sustainable development. The overall objective is to measure the potential of individual voivodship markets in 2005 and 2015 and to identify those voivodships where the development potential is the biggest, based on the changes that took place over the decade between 2005 and 2015. The authors examined the agricultural potential of individual voivodships, concentrating not only on the agricultural land resources and quality, but also on the supporting infrastructure and socio-demographic factors in the environment of this property market segment. Detailed analyses covered 7 groups of diagnostic variables: geodesic areas, agricultural land, demographic variables, population incomes, agricultural production, ecology and infrastructure. The data came from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The authors ranked the voivodships by means of a synthetic measure which took into account the groups of variables that characterized the phenomenon under study.
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Yoder, Laura S. Meitzner. "The development eraser: fantastical schemes, aspirational distractions and high modern mega-events in the Oecusse enclave, Timor-Leste." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21110.
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The array of challenges to durably improving rural peoples' lives in remote regions is so daunting that it can be tempting to erase what is there, and to seek a blank slate. This tension is being played out in the OecusseAmbeno enclave of Timor-Leste, a region long familiar with geographic and political isolation. Residents now encounter a new iteration of their unique status: rapid declaration of their region as a special economic zone (ZEESM), with a new regional governance structure and an appointed leadership. The advent of this new zone is meant to catapult Oecusse from its current state of chronic infrastructure and basic development challenges to a booming economic center and a fount of national income in short order. Early emphasis is placed on rapid, major coastal infrastructure construction deemed necessary for the November 2015 commemoration of the 500th anniversary of Portuguese arrival, with the hallmarks associated with high modernism and mega-event preparation worldwide: spatial re-ordering and regulation; a strong orientation to external inputs, resources, and services; and centralized control of rapid infrastructure change. This article investigates the ideological underpinnings of these plans, and explores the irony of how the proposals and their governance arrangement are a disjuncture with Oecusse as a historically important place. It concludes with observations on this project's place in the national development context, and the likely costs and impacts of development for the Oecusse population. Risks include further political and economic marginalization of the mountain-dwelling and rural population, local residents' loss of productive agricultural land and access to water, reduced protection through administrative exclusion from national political structures, and the opportunity costs of misdevelopment's aspirational distractions.Key words: Special Economic Zone; high modernism; mega-event; Timor-Leste; Oecusse Ambeno; economic development
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Marie, Mohammad, Ben Hannigan, and Aled Jones. "Social ecology of resilience and Sumud of Palestinians." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 22, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459316677624.
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The aim of this article is to provide an overview of theoretical perspectives and practical research knowledge in relation to ‘resilience’, the resilience of Palestinians in particular and the related concept of ‘Sumud’. ‘Sumud’ is a Palestinian idea that is interwoven with ideas of personal and collective resilience and steadfastness. It is also a socio-political concept and refers to ways of surviving in the context of occupation, chronic adversity, lack of resources and limited infrastructure. The concept of ‘resilience’ has deep roots, going back at least to the 10th century when Arabic scholars suggested strategies to cope with life adversity. In Europe, research into resilience extends back to the 1800s. The understanding of resilience has developed over four overlapping waves. These focus on individual traits, protective factors, ecological assets and (in the current wave) social ecological factors. The current wave of resilience research focuses on the contribution of cultural contextualisation and is an approach that is discussed in this article, which draws on Arabic and English language literature located through a search of multiple databases (CINAHL, British Nursing Index, ASSIA, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE). Findings suggest that ‘Sumud’ is linked to the surrounding cultural context and can be thought of as an innovative, social ecological, approach to promoting resilience. We show that resilience is a prerequisite to ‘Sumud’, meaning that the individual has to be resilient in order to stay and not to leave their place, position or community. We close by pressing the case for studies which investigate resilience especially in underdeveloped countries such as Palestine (occupied Palestinian territories), and which reveal how resilience is embedded in pre-existing cultural contexts.
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Weldon, Stephen P. "Building infrastructure in the digital age: case study of the Isis Bibliography of History of Science, 2002-2018." Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science 21 (June 1, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018v21;p21-40.
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The IsisCB Explore went online in 2015 as a foundational digital resource for historians of science. Built on the History of Science Society’s 100-year-old Isis Bibliography of the History of Science, this service is meant to lay the groundwork for a digital infrastructure to support historical work in the relatively new digital environment where so much modern scholarship now takes place. In order to create this resource, the director of the project, Stephen Weldon, has learned how to shape traditional historical methods, practices, and resources to fit the new digital paradigm. Computer and networking technologies have been built out of the needs and practices of technologists, natural scientists, and business innovators, all of whom employ it in very specific ways, quite different from the practices of humanistic scholarship, and history in particular. As a result, the digital environment is not especially friendly to historical work or products. As a result, it has taken a great deal of effort to understand and refactor historical data so that it functions well within a digital knowledge ecology, a “knowledge infrastructure,” as Christine Borgman refers to it. This paper describes the difficulties (epistemological, cultural, and economic) that make the creation of tools like the IsisCB Explore service challenging for historians and suggests some ways forward.
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Tierney, William G., and Nidhi S. Sabharwal. "Reimagining Indian Higher Education: A Social Ecology of Higher-Education Institutions." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 120, no. 5 (May 2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811812000504.
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Background/Context Developing countries desire institutions ranked as “world-class,” and want to increase postsecondary participation. Limited public monies require decisions that usually augment the welfare of one objective at the expense of another. An additional conundrum concerns the need for quality assurances. Research needs to be rigorous; students need to be well trained. The authors suggest that the social ecology of higher education has a crucial role to play in India. The challenges are whether to accommodate rapid expansion, how to improve the overall quality of the system, and invest in a research infrastructure. Purpose/Objective/Research Questions/Focus of Study The article's purpose is to ask if the social ecology of postsecondary education that has been created in India is in its best interests. Social ecology refers to the universe of postsecondary organizations that account for the 35,357 institutions in India. Insofar as the ecology is “social,” the citizens and government determine the shape of the ecology. The authors first offer a traditional definition of what has been meant by the public good and then turn to a consideration of India's social ecology of higher education. The article's purpose then, is specific to India and more generalized to postsecondary education in a globalized world. The text situates the institutions and systems of higher education into a social ecology that until recently has been framed by the idea of a public good. Setting The study took place in India during 2015–2016. Research Design The text is an analytic essay that utilized secondary texts pertaining to the structure and quality of the postsecondary system in India. Conclusions/Recommendations The authors suggest that the “'alphabet soup” of institutional forms that currently exists in India does not serve the country well; the taxonomy tends to obscure, rather than clarify, roles and responsibilities. They argue that a new social ecology of higher education needs to be put forward that streamlines relationships, clarifies roles and regulations, improves data analysis, and focuses on quality rather than quantity.
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Smith, Carl A. "Community Drawing and Storytelling to Understand the Place Experience of Walking and Cycling in Dushanbe, Tajikistan." Land 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010043.
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Transit infrastructure is a critical determinant of the layout and sustainability performance of residential landscapes and neighborhoods. Though the spatial aspects of transit design and their associated impact on health, congestion, air pollution, accident rates, and emissions of greenhouse gases are well understood, the experiential-qualitative aspects of mobility have often been ignored in the travel and transport literature. This paper presents the place-understandings of pedestrians and cyclists concerning neighborhood safety in Dushanbe, the capital city of Tajikistan. Community perspectives were captured through drawing and storytelling workshops as a method of public engagement through creative experience. While reporting on the veracity of this collaborative, creative, and place-based methodology, the paper presents workshop outcomes that describe problematic non-auto neighborhood transit experiences that, if unchecked, could constitute a significant challenge to the sustainable post-Soviet transformation of Dushanbe’s residential neighborhoods.
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Stone, Ian R. "Joseph Shackleton in Iceland, 1861." Polar Record 41, no. 2 (April 2005): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247404214218.
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Joseph Shackleton, a member of the same family as Sir Ernest Shackleton, visited Iceland with two friends in 1861. They travelled in Arcturus, a Danish vessel that ran a scheduled service in summer. They visited the two main ‘attractions,’ namely Thingvellir and the geysers. Shackleton's manuscript account of the trip indicates that tourism was developed by such an early date and that the infrastructure for it was in place and efficient. His account also provides interesting information concerning contemporary Iceland.
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Nwankwo, Cletus Famous, and Romanus U. Ayadiuno. "Landscape Political Ecology: Rural-Urban Pattern of COVID-19 in Nigeria." Statistics, Politics and Policy 12, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 269–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spp-2021-0012.
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Abstract The socio-ecological and political properties of rural and urban landscapes have been argued to produce the differentials in rural-urban health. However, the mechanism of the COVID-19 pattern in this socio-political-ecological perspective has not been understood in Africa. The study used spatial techniques to explore the pattern of urbanization-COVID-19 nexus in Nigeria. It has been argued that three elements (demographic dynamics, infrastructure or governance) typify the socio-political-ecological landscape of urban places. They shape the spread of infectious diseases. We explored the extent to which these factors predict the COVID-19 pattern in Nigeria. The study used data from Nigeria’s Centre for Diseases Control and the National Bureau of Statistics. The results indicate that more urban states in Nigeria tend to have higher COVID-19 cases than rural states. The COVID-19 pattern is best predicted by population dynamics more than other elements. The result indicates demographic attributes are more critical to surges in COVID-19 cases in Nigeria. Places with higher populations and densities will tend to have more spread of the virus than places with lesser populations and densities. Therefore, in a future outbreak, places of high densities should be given more attention to prevent further spread.
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Stone, Ian R. "The text of Joseph Shackleton's account of his visit to Iceland, 1861." Polar Record 41, no. 3 (July 2005): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247405004456.
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Joseph Shackleton, an older relative of Sir Ernest Shackleton, visited Iceland with two friends in 1861. They travelled in Arcturus, a Danish vessel that ran a scheduled service in summer. They visited the two main local ‘attractions,’ Thingvellir and the geysers. Shackleton kept a detailed manuscript account of the trip, which is presented in its entirety. The manuscript shows that tourism was already developed in Iceland, with an infrastructure that was in place and efficient. His account also provides interesting information concerning contemporary Iceland.
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Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
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This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
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Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
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This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
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Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
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This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
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Łangowska-Marcinowska, Krystyna. "Euroregions, Their Influence on the Development of Polish and Czech Borderlands." Kultura i Edukacja 138, no. 4 (2022): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2022.04.07.
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Euroregions, their influence on the development of the Polish and Czech border The Polish-Czech borderland is a system of characteristic social realities and a place where two different cultures meet. The emergence of Euroregions creates opportunities for faster development of border areas and their integration. Cross-border cooperation is located in various frames of the borderland life that affect the everyday life of residents, i.e., in the spheres of the economy (cooperation between entrepreneurs), communication (expansion of the infrastructure and infostructural network), culture, sport and tourism, ecology, education and science (research, joint implementation of EU programmes), combating all crime, and warning and assistance in states of disasters and crises (e.g., in case of a flood, fire, epidemic threats). The research presented in the publication shows that there is still a need for a lasting good functioning of the Euroregions existing on the border of Poland and the Czech Republic. Keywords: Euroregion, borderland, cross-border cooperation, attitude, lifestyle
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Kopperoinen, Leena, Pekka Itkonen, and Jari Niemelä. "Using expert knowledge in combining green infrastructure and ecosystem services in land use planning: an insight into a new place-based methodology." Landscape Ecology 29, no. 8 (March 13, 2014): 1361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0014-2.
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Hsu, Chin-Hsien, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, and Shangwun Jhang. "Sustainable Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Rivers and Water Sources: A Case Study of Jiuqu Stream in China." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 5262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135262.
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This paper discusses the status quo of tourism and policy development regarding the Jiuqu Stream in China from different stakeholder perspectives. By combining field investigations, questionnaires, and statistical examinations of collected data, 812 samples were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The results indicate that increased visibility, employment opportunities, and real estate values in the scenic areas along the river will attract residents to return for future development, while public safety and conservation policies, featured architecture and tourism signage planning, increased cost of living, and waste and pollution will cause disincentives. Visitors will be attracted by the natural and ecological features, transportation planning, unique local culture, and events. Recreational facilities and architectural planning, merchandise lacking characteristics, tourist consumer expenditure, smoke and pollution from motor vehicles, and how it feels to interact with residents will influence the desire to visit the place. Development of an area should consider the different needs of every stakeholder in terms of recreational facilities, local infrastructure, expenditure and income, public safety and health, waste disposal, ecology and environmental conservation, tourism, and the quality of life.
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Smith, Rose M., Sujay S. Kaushal, Jake J. Beaulieu, Michael J. Pennino, and Claire Welty. "Influence of infrastructure on water quality and greenhouse gas dynamics in urban streams." Biogeosciences 14, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 2831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2831-2017.
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Abstract. Streams and rivers are significant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) globally, and watershed management can alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from streams. We hypothesized that urban infrastructure significantly alters downstream water quality and contributes to variability in GHG saturation and emissions. We measured gas saturation and estimated emission rates in headwaters of two urban stream networks (Red Run and Dead Run) of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research project. We identified four combinations of stormwater and sanitary infrastructure present in these watersheds, including: (1) stream burial, (2) inline stormwater wetlands, (3) riparian/floodplain preservation, and (4) septic systems. We selected two first-order catchments in each of these categories and measured GHG concentrations, emissions, and dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC) and nutrient concentrations biweekly for 1 year. From a water quality perspective, the DOC : NO3− ratio of streamwater was significantly different across infrastructure categories. Multiple linear regressions including DOC : NO3− and other variables (dissolved oxygen, DO; total dissolved nitrogen, TDN; and temperature) explained much of the statistical variation in nitrous oxide (N2O, r2 = 0.78), carbon dioxide (CO2, r2 = 0.78), and methane (CH4, r2 = 0.50) saturation in stream water. We measured N2O saturation ratios, which were among the highest reported in the literature for streams, ranging from 1.1 to 47 across all sites and dates. N2O saturation ratios were highest in streams draining watersheds with septic systems and strongly correlated with TDN. The CO2 saturation ratio was highly correlated with the N2O saturation ratio across all sites and dates, and the CO2 saturation ratio ranged from 1.1 to 73. CH4 was always supersaturated, with saturation ratios ranging from 3.0 to 2157. Longitudinal surveys extending form headwaters to third-order outlets of Red Run and Dead Run took place in spring and fall. Linear regressions of these data yielded significant negative relationships between each gas with increasing watershed size as well as consistent relationships between solutes (TDN or DOC, and DOC : TDN ratio) and gas saturation. Despite a decline in gas saturation between the headwaters and stream outlet, streams remained saturated with GHGs throughout the drainage network, suggesting that urban streams are continuous sources of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Our results suggest that infrastructure decisions can have significant effects on downstream water quality and greenhouse gases, and watershed management strategies may need to consider coupled impacts on urban water and air quality.
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Bradshaw, S. D., K. W. Dixon, H. Lambers, A. T. Cross, J. Bailey, and S. D. Hopper. "Understanding the long-term impact of prescribed burning in mediterranean-climate biodiversity hotspots, with a focus on south-western Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 10 (2018): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18067.
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Wildfires are expected to increase worldwide both in frequency and intensity owing to global warming, but are likely to vary geographically. This is of particular concern in the five mediterranean regions of the world that are all biodiversity hotspots with extraordinary plant and animal diversity that may be impacted by deliberately imposed fire. Wildland managers attempt to reduce the impact and mitigate the outcomes of wildfires on human assets and biodiversity by the use of prescribed burning. The response that we must ‘fight fire with fire’ is understandable, perceived as reducing the flammability of wildlands in fire-prone regions and lessening the impact of wildfires. The long-term impact on biodiversity is, however, less clear. The practice of prescribed burning has been in place and monitored in south-western Australia for 50 years, longer and more intensively than in most other mediterranean ecosystems. The present target is for 200 000 ha burned each year in this biodiversity hotspot. Published studies on the impact of this burning on infrastructure protection and on biodiversity are here used to understand the protective capacity of the practice and to foreshadow its possible long-term ecological impact across all mediterranean ecosystems.
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Andersen, Astrid Oberborbeck. "Infrastructures of progress and dispossession." Focaal 2016, no. 74 (March 1, 2016): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2016.740103.
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This article examines what economic growth and state versions of progress have done to small and medium-scale farmers in an urban setting, in Arequipa in southern Peru. The general reorganization of production, resources, and labor in the Peruvian economy has generated a discursive move to reposition small and medium-scale farmers as backward. This article analyzes how farmers struggle to find their place within a neoliberal urban ecology where different conceptions of what constitutes progress in contemporary Peru influence the landscape. Using an analytical lens that takes material and organizational infrastructures and practices into account, and situates these in specific historical processes, the article argues that farmers within the urban landscape of Arequipa struggle to reclaim land and water, and reassert a status that they experience to be losing. Such a historical focus on material and organizational infrastructural arrangements, it is argued, can open up for understanding how local and beyond-local processes tangle in complex ways and are productive of new subjectivities; how relations are reconfigured in neoliberal landscapes of progress and dispossession. Such an approach makes evident how state and nonstate actors invest affects, interests, and desires differently within a given landscape.
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Fox, Stephen. "Behavioral Ethics Ecologies of Human-Artificial Intelligence Systems." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12040103.
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Historically, evolution of behaviors often took place in environments that changed little over millennia. By contrast, today, rapid changes to behaviors and environments come from the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and the infrastructures that facilitate its application. Behavioral ethics is concerned with how interactions between individuals and their environments can lead people to questionable decisions and dubious actions. For example, interactions between an individual’s self-regulatory resource depletion and organizational pressure to take non-ethical actions. In this paper, four fundamental questions of behavioral ecology are applied to analyze human behavioral ethics in human–AI systems. These four questions are concerned with assessing the function of behavioral traits, how behavioral traits evolve in populations, what are the mechanisms of behavioral traits, and how they can differ among different individuals. These four fundamental behavioral ecology questions are applied in analysis of human behavioral ethics in human–AI systems. This is achieved through reference to vehicle navigation systems and healthcare diagnostic systems, which are enabled by AI. Overall, the paper provides two main contributions. First, behavioral ecology analysis of behavioral ethics. Second, application of behavioral ecology questions to identify opportunities and challenges for ethical human–AI systems.
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Chang, Chun Kiat, Nor Azazi Zakaria, and Mohd Radzman Othman. "Integrated Urban Stormwater Management and Planning for New Township Development in Malaysia." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601112.
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The on-going Kwasa Damansara Township development is aspire to be a township development with an initiative to unlock the land value and spur development in the region, and demands a high quality built environment. The township development strategy has considered a number of sustainable elements such as landscape and ecology, water, waste, green infrastructure, green buildings, green mobility and green energy. The key design objective for the proposed development is to create a new focal point that reflects the township of a 21st Century; one that is green, connected and has a sense of place making. The Urban Design Guidelines was prepared to guide and assist all the stakeholder contribution towards a well coordinated development and high quality public realm and build environment. In doing so, one of the initiatives was to formulate the long term solution for the flooding, drainage and stormwater related issues by urban stormwater management. By integrating stormwater management planning with landscape and environmental planning, it will add aesthetic and recreational values to the water amenities. The township development is planned to become a showpiece of the urban stormwater management for the region.
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Devine-Wright, P., and S. Batel. "My neighbourhood, my country or my planet? The influence of multiple place attachments and climate change concern on social acceptance of energy infrastructure." Global Environmental Change 47 (November 2017): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.003.
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Waheed, Abdul, Thomas Bernward Fischer, and Muhammad Irfan Khan. "Climate Change Policy Coherence across Policies, Plans, and Strategies in Pakistan—Implications for the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan." Environmental Management 67, no. 5 (March 17, 2021): 793–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01449-y.
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AbstractClimate Change (CC) adaptation and mitigation policy coherence (PC) across sectors is essential to effectively address CC challenges and support synergies. Pakistan is highly vulnerable to CC. In this paper, the extent to which Pakistan’s national and provincial water, agriculture, and energy sector policies, development plans and strategies are aligned in a CC policy coherent manner is established. In this context, a qualitative content document analysis with associated scoring is used to assess government documents. Furthermore, implications of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Initiative (CPEC; 2017–2030), the biggest infrastructure investment program ever in Pakistan, are discussed. An important result is that sectoral policies are found to have different degrees of PC. Better coherence is found at federal than at provincial levels. Furthermore, CC policies are found to be more coherently addressed in water and agriculture policies than in energy policies. It is suggested that to achieve higher levels of CC PC, federal and provincial governments should establish mechanisms of intergovernmental consultation for policy-making and cross-sectoral planning, especially in the energy sector. Our findings can help the Government of Pakistan to transform CPEC into a model green Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the region. In this context, there are important implications with regards to e.g., reducing coal-based energy projects and environmentally damaging infrastructure activities in sensitive ecosystems. With this paper, the authors want to raise awareness of the key importance of CC PC, particular in context of the BRI. Many countries participating in the initiative have carbon reduction targets in place.
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Jenkins, M., J. Salzman, G. Bennett, and J. Granfors. "Making the priceless valuable: forests and ecosystem services." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829523998.
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Historically, forest ecosystem services have been undervalued or not valued at all, thus encouraging the destruction and conversion of our global forest estate. Fortunately, these last decades have witnessed a real shift – the active and innovative development of markets and payments for the ecosystem values of forests and other ecosystems. Payments for Environmental Services programs are now in place around the globe. Schemes focused on forest carbon, such as the California Cap-and-Trade law, programs in China and Colombia, South Korea and Chile, coupled with new initiatives in the aviation sector, point to steady progress toward the carbon/climate value of forests. Innovative green infrastructure initiatives around water and watersheds in Peru, Costa Rica, Australia and South Africa provide another growing stream of value for forests. And sustainable commodity supply chains and conservation banking bring more large-scale private sector actors and new business sectors to the table. Here we provide a global status of PES around the world.
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Irdhawati, Manuntun Manuruang, and Amanda Reichelt-Brushett. "Trace metals and nutrients in lake sediments in the Province of Bali, Indonesia: a baseline assessment linking potential sources." Marine and Freshwater Research 72, no. 1 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20003.
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Bali, Indonesia, receives over 6 million tourists annually, placing demand on resources and infrastructure that competes with expectations of natural beauty. Strongly linked to tourism are highly productive small-scale crafts industries and intensive small-scale agriculture and aquaculture production. Concentrations of nutrients, trace metals and metalloids were determined in soils from various land uses and solid-waste containment areas associated with small-scale industries, along with sediments from Lake Beratan, Lake Tamblingan, Lake Buyan, Lake Batur and the Badung River estuary. Soil associated with laboratory waste storage, and some sediments, exceeded guideline values for mercury or copper. Concentrations of other metals in soils and sediments were consistently below guidelines values, except zinc in solid waste collected from batik production (i.e. fabric-dyeing operations). Waste from batik production contained elevated concentrations of trace metals and nutrients (phosphorus and potassium), but replicates were highly variable. Lake sediments were enriched with phosphorus and nitrogen, likely from agricultural runoff. This important baseline information highlights the value of lake-protection measures in place, identifies risks to environmental health and provides focus for improving the management of contaminant sources to prevent further impacts.
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Kashka, M. M., E. A. Efanskaya, K. A. Matviishina, D. A. Tkachenko, A. Y. Bogdanov, and V. A. Kobzev. "Role of FSUE “Atomflot” in the implementation of programs for the rehabilitation of nuclear legacy facilities and in the system of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management in the Murmansk region." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, no. 4 (December 2021): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-4-481-492.
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The article provides an overview of the FSUE Atomflot activities aimed at improving the infrastructure and production facilities for the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste at FSUE Atomflot and ensuring nuclear, radiation and environmental safety, both in the Murmansk region and throughout the northwestern region of Russia. Carrying out work within the Federal Target Program “Ensuring nuclear and radiation safety for 2016—2020 and for the period up to 2030” in cooperation with production structures of both Rosatom and other federal and regional departments responsible for the ecological situation in the region also takes an important place.
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Koval, V., Y. Mykhno, L. Antonova, D. Plekhanov, and V. Bondar. "Analysis of environmental factors’ effect on the development of tourism." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111941.
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Balancing of the tourism services’ development and natural environment’ opportunities is problem during anthropogenic effect is increasing. Migration of the population is increasing with the growing of the globalization process. As a result there is a duality in the development of tourist infrastructure and increasing the influence of tourists on ecology, changing of ecosystem. The article deals with the factors influencing the choice of tourists, tourist flows, analysis of the countries, where there is the greatest attendance of places of the rest. The correlation coefficient between indicators of environmental safety and tourists’ attendance is calculated. On the example of the Kyiv region, dynamic indicators and the relationship between emissions of harmful substances and environmental costs, as well as the number of tourists, were calculated. Three recreation areas on the Black Sea coast in the territory of three different countries are analyzed. Conclusions about different degrees of water’s and coastal area’s pollution and the Odessa coast’s pollution as a whole are made. Pollution of the Black Sea whole loch affects on the environment degradation of cross-border territories and tends to dampen the attractiveness for the recreation’s development of the sea rest. The analysis of pollutant emissions and the accumulated waste in the Odessa region is made and the anthropogenic effect on the coastal areas of the Black Sea region in Ukraine, Bulgaria and Romania is compared. The consequences of austerity on the environment preservation are explored and described. It leads to losses that are arise from decrease of the employability of local inhabitants and their diseases, of natural resources’ depletion, increasing of probability of natural disasters in the long term. In the article the conclusions about the effect of the tourists’ traffic and its’ influence on the ecology of the recreation areas and the slow anthropogenic impact on the new territories are made. The ways and solutions of modernization and reconstruction of the objects of the tourism infrastructure are suggested. They should to aim at increasing of the tourism’s traffic and enhance new and modern buildings of the recreation infrastructure.
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Xu, Bin, Qingxia Shi, and Yaping Zhang. "Evaluation of the Health Promotion Capabilities of Greenway Trails: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China." Land 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040547.
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As a type of green infrastructure, greenways are beneficial for walking and cycling and promote urban health and well-being. Taking the Qingshan Lake Greenway Phase One (QLG-I) Trail in the Lin’an District of Hangzhou city as an example and based on the accessibility of points of interest (POI) near the QLG-I Trail, a questionnaire investigation, and an importance performance analysis (IPA), in this paper, we construct a methodological framework to evaluate the health-promotion capabilities of the QLG-I Trail, including three aspects: promoting the coverage of healthy travel, user attribute analysis, and user perceptions of the greenway for health promotion. The results show that the healthy travel range of the QLG-I Trail is small and that the users are mainly residents of nearby communities. Additionally, the main factors affecting users’ health-promoting behaviour are safety, cleanliness, and infrastructure services. Although the overall satisfaction with service quality was good (3.93), we found that the trail facilities did not meet the needs of the users. This study confirms that the QLG-I Trail provides community residents with a place for sports activities and supports health-promoting behaviour. Greenway facilities and the natural environment enhance this utility; however, promoting the coverage of healthy travel is limited by accessibility. Finally, we propose a traffic-organization optimization and improvement plan for the QLG-I Trail. The research results may help promote healthy activities on this type of greenway.
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Zaman-ul-Haq, Muhammad, Ambrina Kanwal, Akber Abid Gardezi, Hina Fatima, Zafeer Saqib, Syed Atif Bokhari, Emad Abouel Nasr, Shafiq Ahmad, and Muhammad Shafiq. "Assessing Spatial-Temporal Changes in Monetary Values of Urban Ecosystem Services through Remotely Sensed Data." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215136.
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Reckless urbanization in developing regions is leading to the deterioration of the urban environment. The ensuing impacts can place a burden on urban ecology, urban infrastructure, and residents. This scenario requires a combination of avoidance measures and a detailed assessment of the ecological sustainability of the city. While monetary assessments are certainly conceivable, in this study, the contributions of urban environmental infrastructure are weighed financially. Semi-planned (Jhang) and planned (Faisalabad) urban settlements provided the context for this survey. The study uses the Benefit Transfer Method (BTM) to assess changes in the monetary value of urban ecosystem services (UES) from remote sensing data. This finding suggests that urbanization in Pakistan is devouring productive ecological land in urban areas. The assessment shows that between 1989 and 2019, the agricultural area in Faisalabad shrank (−17.38%), and the built-up area increased (16.05%). Likewise, in Jhang City, the built-up area (4.44%) and wasteland (3.10%) swelled. However, during this period (1989–2019), the proportion of agricultural land in Jhang City decreased (−8.93%). As a result, prime areas of UES are falling back into low-return areas. It also found that provisioning ecosystem services (PES) accounted for a significant portion (68.12%) of the UES produced in Faisalabad and Jhang (69.72%), respectively. In contrast, Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) contributed the smallest share of UES in Faisalabad (1.63%) and Jhang (1.65%). However, the remaining two services, regulatory and support services, made significant contributions. The assessment shows the role of incoherence, inconsistency, resource constraints, and neglect in compromising the urban environmental integrity of these cities. This situation requires a comprehensive assessment and coordinated effort. For this, it is feasible and useful to combine socioeconomic information with land cover data through computerized equipment.
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Zhironkin, Vitaly, and Michal Cehlar. "Analysis of the Negative Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing Technology on the Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 278 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127801009.
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The development of the oil and gas industry around the world is connected with the development of unconventional fields, such as shale oil, using modern technologies, for example, rotary steerable systems, which allow more accurate and high-quality work on well construction, as well as multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, allowing more efficient extracting of hydrocarbons from the deposits. However, like any mining of minerals, the extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials has a harmful effect on the ecology of the area in which the extraction takes place. This occurs due to the use of a large number of chemical compounds, a small proportion of processing of rocks obtained during drilling, cleaning up territories to create infrastructure for organizing the extraction work of raw materials. The introduction of new fields into development leads to the increase in the level of industrial pollution of the environment. The impact of hydraulic fracturing technology on the environmental situation in the field is considered in the article. The author analyzes the impact of this method of increasing oil development on the environment, the experience of using this technology abroad, as well as government regulation of the use of this technology by producing companies around the world.
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Firdausyah, Ivoni, Budi Setiawan, and Agus Tjahjono. "Sustainablity Analysis of Lombang Beach in Batang-Batang District, Sumenep City, Madura, East Java." Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal 008, no. 02 (April 25, 2021): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2021.008.02.07.
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Lombang beach is one of the best tourism places in Sumenep which has Spruce Shrimp trees (Casuarina equisetifolia) and extensive white refined sand as the icon. Lombang beach has potentials and benefits which can be developed, nonetheless, it couldn’t guarantee the sustainability of tourism, so that it needs to be studied for its sustainability extent. This research aimed to analyze the continuity of Lombang beach tourism based on four continuation dimensions such as ecology, economy, social, and infrastructure by using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) which obtained through Rapid Appraisal for Lombang Beach Tourism (Rap-LBT) approach. The questionnaire was given to 54 tourists as respondents based on a nonprobability sampling (incidental sampling) approach. The sustainability analysis result presented that the sustainability of Lombang beach was quite sustainable. Ecological dimension has an index value of 57.93, economic dimension of 55.04, social dimension of 60.07 and infrastructure dimension of 50.68. The most sensitive attribute were regional arrangement, beach typical, tourism attraction, beach cleanliness, visit willingness, service quality, the cleanliness and quality of tourist facility, and public transportation for travel. Monte Carlo analysis result presented that the four dimensions were quite stable with the minor error extent for 95% of trusted standard.
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ROBINS, L., and P. KANOWSKI. "Megatrends affecting smallholder forestry in Indonesia to the year 2030." International Forestry Review 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 350–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827293240.
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This paper identifies and explores megatrends with major implications for smallholder-based commercial forestry in Indonesia to the year 2030. A megatrend is a cluster of trends that represent a significant shift in the condition of the environment, economy or society, with major implications over the longer term. Megatrend analysis is one example of foresighting, an approach which complements traditional forestry sector outlook studies. The eight megatrends explore the dynamics of Indonesia's urbanising population; their rising incomes and education rates, manifest in an expanding middle class and changing demands; the imperative to provide for the needs of the still-many poor; the tension between market-based opportunities and the Indonesian bureaucracy, inadequate physical infrastructure and vested interests; Indonesia's place as a global hotspot of forest and biodiversity loss; the consequences of climate change; the emerging digital and technology-driven economy and society; and the possible impacts of both natural and man-made crises. These megatrends and their component subtrends have various implications for smallholder forestry; we identify best, worst and more likely case scenarios as starting points for further research.
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Borek, Łukasz, and Tomasz Kowalik. "Hydromorphological Inventory and Evaluation of the Upland Stream: Case Study of a Small Ungauged Catchment in Western Carpathians, Poland." Land 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010141.
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The hydromorphological conditions of watercourses depend on numerous natural and anthropogenic factors such as buffer zones or human infrastructure near their banks. We hypothesised that, even in a small stream, there can be substantial differences in the hydromorphological forms associated with naturalness and human impact. The paper aims at the field inventory and evaluation of the hydromorphological conditions of a small upland stream in the conditions of contemporary human activity, against the background of meteorological and hydrological conditions. The study concerned a left-bank tributary of the Stradomka River located in the Wiśnicz Foothills (Western Carpathians). The analyses were conducted with the use of the Polish method, the Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR), which conforms to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The hydromorphological condition and quality of habitats were evaluated based on the Hydromorphological Diversity Score (HDS) and Habitat Modification Score (HMS). The study shows that the largest changes in stream hydomorphology and habitat conditions took place in the downstream, urbanised stream catchment area with an intensive development of construction and technical infrastructure. The hydromorphological condition of the examined stream sections was evaluated as good or poor. The best hydromorphological conditions were found in the section located in the semi-natural area, and the worst in the urbanised area. As our research shows, the strong influence of human activity, including weather extremes, and the risks and hydrological hazards of the hydromorphological conditions of the small, ungauged catchment, highlight the necessity to search for other research methods to support the decision-making cycle in the transformation of riverbeds and catchments.
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Vincent, Warwick F., Mickaël Lemay, and Michel Allard. "Arctic permafrost landscapes in transition: towards an integrated Earth system approach." Arctic Science 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0027.
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Permafrost science and engineering are of vital importance for northern development and climate adaptation given that buildings, roads, and other infrastructure in many parts of the Arctic depend on permafrost stability. Permafrost also has wide-ranging effects on other features of the Arctic environment including geomorphology, biogeochemical fluxes, tundra plant and animal ecology, and the functioning of lake, river, and coastal marine ecosystems. This review presents an Earth system perspective on permafrost landscapes as an approach towards integration across disciplines. The permafrost system can be described by a three-layer conceptual model, with an upper buffer layer that contains vegetation or infrastructure. Snow and liquid water strongly affect the thermal properties and stability of these layers and their associated interfaces, resulting in critical times and places for accelerated degradation of permafrost and for exchanges of mass and heat with the hydrosphere and atmosphere. Northern permafrost landscapes are now in rapid transition as a result of climate warming and socioeconomic development, which is affecting their ability to provide geosystem and ecosystem services. The Earth system approach provides a framework for identifying linkages, thresholds, and feedbacks among system components, including human systems, and for the development of management strategies to cope with permafrost change.
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Milligan, Brett, Alejo Kraus-Polk, and Yiwei Huang. "Park, Fish, Salt and Marshes: Participatory Mapping and Design in a Watery Uncommons." Land 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110454.
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The Franks Tract State Recreation Area (Franks Tract) is an example of a complex contemporary park mired in ecological and socio-political contestation of what it is and should be. Located in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, it is a central hub in California’s immense and contentious water infrastructure; an accidental shallow lake on subsided land due to unrepaired levee breaks; a novel ecosystem full of ‘invasive’ species; a world-class bass fishing area; and a water transportation corridor. Franks Tract is an example of an uncommons: a place where multiple realities (or ontologies) exist, negotiate and co-create one another. As a case study, this article focuses on a planning effort to simultaneously improve water quality, recreation and ecology in Franks Tract through a state-led project. The article examines the iterative application of participatory mapping and web-based public surveys within a broader, mixed method co-design process involving state agencies, local residents, regional stakeholders, consultant experts and publics. We focus on what was learned in this process by all involved, and what might be transferable in the methods. We conclude that reciprocal iterative change among stakeholders and designers was demonstrated across the surveys, based on shifts in stakeholder preferences as achieved through iterative revision of design concepts that better addressed a broad range of stakeholder values and concerns. Within this reconciliation, the uncommons was retained, rather than suppressed.
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VANCHIKOVA, Elena N., Iraida G. SANGADIEVA, Sergei B. PERINOV, Ivan V. ISHIGENOV, and Ivan S. LOGINOV. "Foresight: Diversification of agriculture for sustainable rural development." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 12 (December 28, 2022): 2293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.12.2293.
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Subject. The article addresses the organization of foresight sessions to take into account the opinion of residents of rural areas when choosing areas of agricultural diversification that contribute to increasing the sustainability of the development of the territory of residence. Objectives. The aim is to investigate the perception of the concept of "ideal village" by the residents of a rural municipality; to test the research methodology for choosing the directions of diversification of the agricultural economy to increase the sustainability of rural development. Methods. The study employs methods of logical analysis, the communication technology of designing the image of the future. The data for the study were obtained during a foresight session by means of moderation. Results. On the territory of the "Kurumkansky district" municipality of the Republic of Buryatia, the main issue is employment of the population. Residents consider various social infrastructure facilities, like schools, kindergartens, as the main areas of employment. Among possible directions of agricultural diversification, those related to tourism, primary processing of agricultural products, landscape gardening and improvement of rural areas are highlighted. Entrepreneurship is practically not considered as a source of job creation and additional income. Conclusions. The study establishes that people choose areas of agricultural diversification that do not violate the ecology of the place of residence, enable expansion of sales markets through unrelated areas of diversification, such as tourism, primary processing of agricultural products.
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Smiley, Sarah L. "Heterogeneous water provision in Dar es Salaam: The role of networked infrastructures and alternative systems in informal areas." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (February 27, 2020): 1215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848620908194.
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Urban waterscapes in developing world cities are notoriously fragmented, resembling archipelagos rather than continuous networks. Graham and Marvin’s concept of splintering urbanism links the collapse of infrastructure networks to this fragmentation. Yet this idea has been criticized for suggesting the absence of these networks is a sign of failed modernity in Southern cities such as Dar es Salaam. Urban political ecology illustrates how social, historical, political, and ecological processes work together to create uneven and unjust landscapes and waterscapes. In Dar es Salaam, the colonial policy of segregation and unequal service provision helped to create the fragmented system seen today. As a result, many residents—especially those in informal and peripheral areas—rely on heterogeneous water provision systems. These systems provide innovative ways to deliver water but do so at a high cost. This paper uses case studies of two informal areas—Buguruni and Vingunguti—to illustrate the divergent trajectories of seemingly similar places. One is more connected to the piped water network while the other relies almost exclusively on informal water delivery providers. In explaining these differences, this paper offers an intra-urban comparison that highlights inequities at a smaller scale. It also acknowledges the role of networked infrastructure in these heterogeneous systems by giving voice to residents who consider the piped water network their ideal source.
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Czapiewska, Gabriela. "The importance of intermodal transport in Poland in the context of sustainable development." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 23, no. 3 (2020): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.021.12789.
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Sustainable development is becoming a paradigm of civilisation changes of the contemporary world. Transport must be sustainable in the light of the challenges ahead. One of the most forward-looking types of transport, in terms of economy and ecology, namely intermodal transport, i.e., transport which uses more than one mode of transportation, has been recently gaining in importance. The purpose of this article is to present the role and importance of intermodal transport in Poland in the context of sustainable development. The first part of the study concentrates on the analysis of the issue of intermodal transport development, taking into account the assumptions of the policy of sustainable development. The further part of the study presents the essence of intermodal transport and its development potential in Poland, identifying the basic advantages and barriers in this area. The author has indicated the conditions that have shaped intermodal transport market and defined areas where changes and innovations need to be put in place to enable sustainable development of the intermodal market in the country. Intermodal transport is still struggling with many barriers, but the increasingly better infrastructure and policies of the European Union, which creates sustainable transport, have a positive impact on the growth of transport cohabitation. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that there are both favourable external conditions and prospects for the intermodal transport development in Poland.
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Sun, Hui, Chunhui Liu, and Jiaxing Wei. "Identifying Key Sites of Green Infrastructure to Support Ecological Restoration in the Urban Agglomeration." Land 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111196.
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The loss and fragmentation of natural space has placed tremendous pressure on green infrastructure (GI), especially in urban agglomeration areas. It is of great importance to identify key sites of GI, which are used to economically and efficiently restore urban ecological network. However, in the existing research, few scholars have explored the identification and application of GI key sites. Taking the Southern Jiangsu Urban Agglomeration as an example, based on the ecosystem service assessment and landscape connectivity analysis, we identified the multi-class key sites of GI in the study area by MSPA, InVEST model, MCR model, and Linkage mapper. The results showed that: (1) a total of 60 GI sources and 130 GI corridors were extracted. The ecological resources of the study area were densely distributed in the north and south and sparsely in the middle. (2) Three-hundred eighty GI key sites were identified, including 53 water ecological points, 251 ecological fracture points, and 76 ecological pinch points. The GI key sites we identified were large in number and widely distributed, yet were hardly included in the existing ecological protection policies. These key sites should be prioritized in GI planning and differentiated for management strategies, ensuring that limited land resources and public funds can be directed to where restoration is really needed. The present study provides land managers and urban planners with additional tools to better understand how to effectively restore and develop the ecosystems of urban agglomerations in the context of scarce land resources.
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Mykhailo Hurskyi, Mykhailo Hurskyi. "STRATEGIC VECTORS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE FINANCIAL MECHANISM FOR REGULATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 05, no. 03 (June 17, 2021): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd05032021069.
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The article presents the strategic guidelines of the financial mechanism for state regulation of the domestic agricultural sector development: state regulation methods of the agricultural sector development do not directly relate to this sphere, but affect the efficiency of its operation; protection of agricultural producers in the domestic market, stimulation of the export of agricultural products and food, promotion of the creation of a single agricultural market, creation of favorable conditions for import of machinery and technologies that increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers; development of the regulatory framework for the functioning of the agricultural sector of the country; improvement of land relations; ensuring the development of production infrastructure, which involves the allocation of public funds for long-term activities: subsidies for the construction of farm buildings, land reclamation, as well as promotion of the establishment of farmers' associations; development of integration processes in the agricultural sector; promotion of the intensification of investment processes in agriculture; provision of commodity producers with agricultural machinery, development and improvement of leasing activities; regulation of rational use of natural resources; regulation and support of research activities. The financial mechanism of state regulation of the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine is represented by a set of organizational and functional institutions, among which public authorities occupy a prominent place. The basic and determining institution for the agricultural sector development in Ukraine is the institution of the state, which covers the system of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, functioning of which affects all components of public life. Key words: agricultural sector, financial mechanism, state regulation, development, financial and credit policy
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Martini, Aikaterini N., Maria Papafotiou, Ioannis Massas, and Nikoleta Chorianopoulou. "Growing of the Cretan Therapeutic Herb Origanum Dictamnus in The Urban Fabric: The Effect of Substrate and Cultivation Site on Plant Growth and Potential Toxic Element Accumulation." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020336.
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Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb endemic to the Greek island of Crete, widely used for tea preparation, medicinal purposes, and food flavoring, as well as an ornamental plant. The aim of this work was to introduce the species to the green roof sector while serving urban agriculture. Thus, its growth potential was investigated, along with the content of nutrients (N, P, K, Na) and the accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn, Zn, Fe) in its tissues, in two cultivation sites in Athens, Greece, i.e., an extensive green roof and at ground level next to a moderate traffic road. Cultivation took place in plastic containers with a green roof infrastructure fitted, in two substrate types (grape marc compost, perlite, and pumice 3:3:4 v/v, and grape marc compost, perlite, pumice, and soil 3:3:2:2 v/v), with 10 cm depth. Plant growth was favored by the soil substrate, but it was also satisfactory in the soilless one. Cultivation site affected heavy metal accumulation, resulting in higher concentrations both in leaves and in flowers at street level, while no differences were observed in roots. Washing the tissues reduced heavy metal concentrations only in leaves produced at the street level. Substrate type significantly affected Mn concentration in all plant tissues and Fe in roots, with the highest values measured in the soil substrate. Thus, O. dictamnus could be effectively cultivated in sustainable green roofs, better on a soilless substrate to lower construction weight. Careful selection of the cultivation site could minimize contamination with environmental pollutants if human consumption is also desired.
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GONZÁLEZ, MANUEL ANTONIO, BENITO FUERTES, BEATRIZ BLANCO-FONTAO, and ÁNGEL DE FRUTOS. "The edge also matters: human threats in a rare Mediterranean habitat for Cantabrian Capercaillie." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000587.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryNature reserves focused on the protection of an endangered species are often restricted to the core of the species’ distribution, leaving peripheral populations unprotected due to a lack of specific knowledge. This study describes the factors that potentially contribute to degradation of habitats of a peripheral population of the endangered Cantabrian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cantabricus. Using presence/absence data, we compared forest fragmentation, fire risk, and distance from leks to human infrastructure. Forest fragments in which Cantabrian Capercaillie were detected were significantly larger, closer to the nearest occupied fragments, and had a higher proximity index than fragments in which no presence was detected. Eighteen percent of the area of fragments in which Cantabrian Capercaillie presence was detected were placed in the high risk of fire category. Human infrastructure represents a permanent loss of Mediterranean habitat for the Cantabrian Capercaillie. The study area is highly modified by human activities; a priority conservation measure should be inclusion within the Natura 2000 network.
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Legault, Danielle, and Logan Cochrane. "Forests to the Foreigners: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Gabon." Land 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040420.
Full textAbstract:
For the past decade, the land rush discourse has analyzed foreign investment in land and agriculture around the world, with Africa being a continent of particular focus due to the scale of acquisitions that have taken place. Gabon, a largely forested state in Central Africa, has been neglected in the land rush conversations, despite having over half of its land allocated to forestry, agriculture, and mining concessions. This paper draws on existing evidence and contributes new empirical data through expert interviews to fill this critical knowledge gap. We situate Gabon’s historic relationship with land, establishing the intrinsic relationship between colonial land tenure systems and present-day land rights. Our findings analyze the macro context of investors and investments, as well as the impacts related to rural–urban linkages and infrastructure development into the forests, civil society, human–environment relationships, and certification programs. While challenges continue to be experienced, the promise of Gabon’s first national land use plan—the use of sustainable concessions and mandatory forestry certification—offers a unique opportunity for Gabon to transition towards a future that better benefits its population while also protecting its natural resources.
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Huang, Jing, Xiao Hu, Jieqiong Wang, and Andong Lu. "How Diversity and Accessibility Affect Street Vitality in Historic Districts?" Land 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010219.
Full textAbstract:
The loss of traditional features and place memory, and ultimately vibrancy in historic districts, has attracted substantial attention in today’s urban design. Most conventional theories are of the consensus that diversity and accessibility characteristics play important roles in creating street vitality, whereas how these characteristics influence street vitality in historic districts has not been thoroughly explored. Furthermore, it is less clear as to which characteristics exert greater influence. Taking the Drum Tower Muslim District, a historical neighborhood in Xi’an, China, as a case study, this paper employs geospatial data to examine how diversity and accessibility influence street vitality. This study identifies seven factors of diversity and accessibility, and incorporates them into a spatial multivariate regression model for analysis. The results indicate that accessibility makes a stronger impact on the street vitality than diversity does. Furthermore, the closeness of streets, the functional density, the intersection density, the location of public transportation and the density of public infrastructure are the top five factors influencing street vitality. The outcome of this study will shed light on what constitutes a vibrant historic district and will help to inform us as to where and how we can improve street vitality.