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Journal articles on the topic 'PLAA'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Qu, Xiaoyan, Xiaowen Song, Nannan Zhang, Jinming Ma, and Honghua Ge. "The phospholipase A effector PlaA from Legionella pneumophila: expression, purification and crystallization." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 76, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x20002149.

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Legionella pneumophila encodes an extracellular secreted phospholipase A named PlaA that is translocated by the type II secretion system. It plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of Legionella-containing vacuoles in L. pneumophila pathogenesis. Here, it is shown that PlaA has a main lysophospholipase activity to hydrolyze fatty-acyl groups in lysophospholipids. Although it has a very low phospholipase A activity to catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty-acyl groups in phospholipids, PlaA can bind phospholipids such as 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine with a dissociation constant of 11.1 µM. Sequence-alignment analysis combined with activity assays revealed that PlaA contains a distinct substrate-binding site among the known structures of the phospholipase A family, implying that PlaA may present a novel mechanism for substrate recognition. Native PlaA and its selenomethionine (SeMet)-substituted form were purified and crystallized by vapour diffusion in hanging drops at 296 K. Diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.0 Å for native PlaA protein and to a resolution of 2.7 Å for SeMet-substituted PlaA protein. The crystals of native PlaA belonged to the monoclinic space group P21, while the crystals of SeMet-substituted PlaA belonged to the primitive orthorhombic space group P212121. Initial phases for PlaA were obtained from SeMet SAD data sets.

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2

Flieger, Antje, Birgid Neumeister, and Nicholas P. Cianciotto. "Characterization of the Gene Encoding the Major Secreted Lysophospholipase A of Legionella pneumophila and Its Role in Detoxification of Lysophosphatidylcholine." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 11 (November 2002): 6094–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.11.6094-6106.2002.

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ABSTRACT We previously showed that Legionella pneumophila secretes, via its type II secretion system, phospholipase A activities that are distinguished by their specificity for certain phospholipids. In this study, we identified and characterized plaA, a gene encoding a phospholipase A that cleaves fatty acids from lysophospholipids. The plaA gene encoded a 309-amino-acid protein (PlaA) which had homology to a group of lipolytic enzymes containing the catalytic signature GDSL. In Escherichia coli, the cloned gene conferred trypsin-resistant hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylglycerol. An L. pneumophila plaA mutant was generated by allelic exchange. Although the mutant grew normally in standard buffered yeast extract broth, its culture supernatants lost greater than 80% of their ability to release fatty acids from lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylglycerol, implying that PlaA is the major secreted lysophospholipase A of L. pneumophila. The mutant's reduced lipolytic activity was confirmed by growth on egg yolk agar and thin layer chromatography and was complemented by reintroduction of an intact copy of plaA. Overexpression of plaA completely protected L. pneumophila from the toxic effects of lysophosphatidylcholine, suggesting a role for PlaA in bacterial detoxification of lysophospholipids. The plaA mutant grew like the wild type in U937 cell macrophages and Hartmannella vermiformis amoebae, indicating that PlaA is not essential for intracellular infection of L. pneumophila. In the course of characterizing plaA, we discovered that wild-type legionellae secrete a phospholipid cholesterol acyltransferase activity, highlighting the spectrum of lipolytic enzymes produced by L. pneumophila.

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3

Sun, Yuan, Xiang-Qi Li, Peyman Sahbaie, Xiao-You Shi, Wen-Wu Li, De-Yong Liang, and J. David Clark. "miR-203 Regulates Nociceptive Sensitization after Incision by Controlling Phospholipase A2 Activating Protein Expression." Anesthesiology 117, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31826571aa.

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Background After incision keratinocytes in the epidermis become activated to produce a range of pain-related mediators. microRNA 203 (miR-203) is known to be involved in keratinocyte growth, differentiation, and skin inflammation. We hypothesized that one or more of these mediators might be under the control of miR-203. Methods The expression of miR-203 and its target gene, phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAA), were examined after hind paw incision in mice. We investigated the local effect of intraplantar PLAA peptide injection in normal mice and the effects of a selective secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor (HK064) on PLAA or incision-induced mechanical allodynia. Last, we investigated the role of substance P signaling in regulating miR-203 and PLAA expression in vitro and in vivo. Results Levels of miR-203 were strongly down-regulated in keratinocytes after incision. Informatics-based approaches identified PLAA as a likely candidate for regulation by miR-203. PLAA caused mechanical allodynia and conditioned place aversion but not thermal sensitization. HK064 reduced mechanical allodynia after incision and after intraplantar injection of PLAA. Using preprotachykinin gene knockout mice or with neurokinin-1 selective antagonist LY303870 treatment, we observed that substance P-mediated signaling was also required for miR-203 and PLAA regulation after incision. Finally, using the rat epidermal keratinocyte cell line, we observed that a miR-203 mimic molecule could block the substance P-induced increase in PLAA expression observed under control conditions. Conclusions miR-203 may regulate expression of the novel nociceptive mediator PLAA after incision. Furthermore, the regulation of miR-203 and PLAA levels is reliant upon intact substance P signaling.

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4

Park, Jiyeon, Gyeong Tae Eom, Joon Young Oh, Ji Hyun Park, Sun Chang Kim, Jae Kwang Song, and Jung Hoon Ahn. "High-Level Production of Bacteriotoxic Phospholipase A1 in Bacterial Host Pseudomonas fluorescens via ABC Transporter-Mediated Secretion and Inducible Expression." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020239.

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Bacterial phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is used in various industrial fields because it can catalyze the hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification of phospholipids to their functional derivatives. It also has a role in the degumming process of crude plant oils. However, bacterial expression of the foreign PLA1-encoding gene was generally hampered because intracellularly expressed PLA1 is inherently toxic and damages the phospholipid membrane. In this study, we report that secretion-based production of recombinant PlaA, a bacterial PLA1 gene, or co-expression of PlaS, an accessory gene, minimizes this harmful effect. We were able to achieve high-level PlaA production via secretion-based protein production. Here, TliD/TliE/TliF, an ABC transporter complex of Pseudomonas fluorescens SIK-W1, was used to secrete recombinant proteins to the extracellular medium. In order to control the protein expression with induction, a new strain of P. fluorescens, which had the lac operon repressor gene lacI, was constructed and named ZYAI strain. The bacteriotoxic PlaA protein was successfully produced in a bacterial host, with help from ABC transporter-mediated secretion, induction-controlled protein expression, and fermentation. The final protein product is capable of degumming oil efficiently, signifying its application potential.

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5

Klaassen, Curtis. "In Memorium: Gabriel L. Plaa." Toxicological Sciences 113, no. 2 (December 7, 2009): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfp295.

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6

Manch-Citron, Jean N., Anjana Dey, John B. Ewell, and Nga Y. Nguyen. "Mutant analysis of Prevotella sp. plaA-lacZ fusion protein expression in Escherichia coli: support for an essential role of the stem-loop." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-232.

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This study investigated the involvement of RNA folding in the synthesis of a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase activity. The coding gap region of the Prevotella loescheii adhesin gene plaA was fused in-frame with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene on plasmid pSK105. N-Terminal sequencing of the expressed plaA-lacZ protein indicated that it resulted from translational initiation at a fortuitous ribosomal-binding site within the plaA sequence at nt 570. Specific mutations were introduced in the stem-loop region that precedes the gap sequence. Analysis of stem-loop mutants, together with the introduction of compensatory mutations that restored activity, supports a requirement for stem-loop formation within the plaA sequence preceding the translational initiation site. A mutation reducing the predicted size of the loop, but preserving the stem structure, inactivated fusion protein synthesis. A suppressor mutation predicted to restore the size of the loop restored efficient fusion protein synthesis. In addition, the sequence preceding the translational start site of the plaA-lacZ fusion has several similarities to sequences that function as translational enhancers in prokaryotes. These include a stem-loop structure, an A-U rich region preceding the initiation codon, and a region of homology to 16S rRNA.Key words: site-directed mutagenesis, stem-loop formation, fusion protein, translational initiation, translational enhancer.

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7

Mullally, James E., Tatiana Chernova, and Keith D. Wilkinson. "Doa1 Is a Cdc48 Adapter That Possesses a Novel Ubiquitin Binding Domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.3.822-830.2006.

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ABSTRACT Cdc48 (p97/VCP) is an AAA-ATPase molecular chaperone whose cellular functions are facilitated by its interaction with ubiquitin binding cofactors (e.g., Npl4-Ufd1 and Shp1). Several studies have shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Doa1 (Ufd3/Zzz4) and its mammalian homologue, PLAA, interact with Cdc48. However, the function of this interaction has not been determined, nor has a physiological link between these proteins been demonstrated. Herein, we demonstrate that Cdc48 interacts directly with the C-terminal PUL domain of Doa1. We find that Doa1 possesses a novel ubiquitin binding domain (we propose the name PFU domain, for PLAA family ubiquitin binding domain), which appears to be necessary for Doa1 function. Our data suggest that the PUL and PFU domains of Doa1 promote the formation of a Doa1-Cdc48-ubiquitin ternary complex, potentially allowing for the recruitment of ubiquitinated proteins to Cdc48. DOA1 and CDC48 mutations are epistatic, suggesting that their interaction is physiologically relevant. Lastly, we provide evidence of functional conservation within the PLAA family by showing that a human-yeast chimera binds to ubiquitin and complements doa1Δ phenotypes in yeast. Combined, our data suggest that Doa1 plays a physiological role as a ubiquitin binding cofactor of Cdc48 and that human PLAA may play an analogous role via its interaction with p97/VCP.

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8

Akutsu-Shigeno, Yukie, Teerawat Teeraphatpornchai, Kamonluck Teamtisong, Nobuhiko Nomura, Hiroo Uchiyama, Tadaatsu Nakahara, and Toshiaki Nakajima-Kambe. "Cloning and Sequencing of a Poly(dl-Lactic Acid) Depolymerase Gene from Paenibacillus amylolyticus Strain TB-13 and Its Functional Expression in Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 5 (May 2003): 2498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.5.2498-2504.2003.

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ABSTRACT The gene encoding a poly(dl-lactic acid) (PLA) depolymerase from Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain TB-13 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant PLA depolymerase, PlaA, exhibited degradation activities toward various biodegradable polyesters, such as poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate), poly(ethylene succinate), and poly(ε-caprolactone), as well as PLA. The monomeric lactic acid was detected as the degradation product of PLA. The substrate specificity toward triglycerides and p-nitrophenyl esters indicated that PlaA is a type of lipase. The gene encoded 201 amino acid residues, including the conserved pentapeptide Ala-His-Ser-Met-Gly, present in the lipases of mesophilic Bacillus species. The identity of the amino acid sequence of PlaA with Bacillus lipases was no more than 45 to 50%, and some of its properties were different from those of these lipases.

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9

Phupaboon, Srisan, Sutrita Punyauppa-path, Papatchaya Kontongdee, Weera Piyatheerawong, and Sirinda Yunchalard. "Development and enhancement of antioxidant peptides from spontaneous plaa-som fermentation co-stimulated with Chiangrai Phulae pineapple enzymatic reaction." International Food Research Journal 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.29.2.18.

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The present work aimed to search for a released peptide from proteolytic action on a silver barb fish muscular protein that confers health benefit through antioxidation activity. Changes in the physicochemical, microbiological, and protein characteristics of plaa-som samples during eight days of both spontaneous traditional fermentation (Batch 1; B1) and spontaneous fermentation with the addition of pineapple (Batch 2; B2) were determined. Results showed a correlation between an increase in the total acidity and bacterial counts with the length of fermentation duration, where the pH gradually decreased at the end of fermentation. Protein hydrolysis during fermentation was indicated by an increase in the amount of TCA-soluble peptide contents that peaked on day 5 (D5) in both batches (B1D5 and B2D5), which displayed their highest DPPH radical-scavenging inhibition of plaa-som protein hydrolysates (PSPHs). Twelve peptide fractions of the best PSPH were separated by ultrafiltration using molecular weight cut off (MWCO) at 3 and 10 kDa, and they were also purified by size exclusion chromatography. Results demonstrated that stronger peptides B2D5 - 3 kDa - F1 and B1D5 - 10 kDa - F1 were arranged in 12 peptides, which exhibited the highest reducing power, more than their radical-scavenging inhibition (p < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that both peptides obtained from PSPH have released antioxidative peptides that could be beneficial towards consumer's health, particularly the spontaneous plaa-som fermented with the addition of pineapple.

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10

Qiu, Liyan, Natasha Pashkova, John R. Walker, Stanley Winistorfer, Abdellah Allali-Hassani, Masato Akutsu, Robert Piper, and Sirano Dhe-Paganon. "Structure and Function of the PLAA/Ufd3-p97/Cdc48 Complex." Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, no. 1 (November 2, 2009): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.044685.

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11

Punyauppa-path, Sukrita, Pongpat Kiatprasert, Prasongsom Punyauppa-path, Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon, Pannida Khunnamwong, Savitree Limtong, and Nantana Srisuk. "Distribution of Kazachstania Yeast in Thai Traditional Fermented Fish (Plaa-Som) in Northeastern Thailand." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8101029.

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Thai traditional fermented fish products (Plaa-som) from four provinces (Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Sisaket, and Khon Kaen) in the northeast part of Thailand were collected and analyzed to determine their salt content, total acidity, and pH. Yeasts in all samples were isolated and identified to the genus and species level based on sequence analysis of the D1/D2 of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The results revealed that the salt content, total acidity, and pH values are in the range of 2.01–6.9%, 0.62–1.9%, and 4.4–6.57%, respectively. Moreover, 35 strains of yeast were isolated and identified as eight genera, namely Candida, Diutina, Filobasidium, Kazachstania, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora, and Yarrowia with 17 species. The ascosporogenous yeast, Kazachstania, was the most dominant genus found and was widely distributed among the fermented food samples. In addition, a new strain of yeast, Kazachstania surinensis, was also discovered in Plaa-som samples. Thus, this study is the first to report the presence and wide distribution of these yeasts in fish fermentation products.

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12

Zhang, Fan, Giovanni Suarez, Jian Sha, Johanna C. Sierra, Johnny W. Peterson, and Ashok K. Chopra. "Phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAA) enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells." Cellular Signalling 21, no. 7 (July 2009): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.02.018.

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13

Deatraksa, Janejira, Sirinthorn Sunthornthummas, Achariya Rangsiruji, Siriruk Sarawaneeyaruk, Nuttika Suwannasai, and Onanong Pringsulaka. "Isolation of folate-producing Weissella spp. from Thai fermented fish (Plaa Som Fug)." LWT 89 (March 2018): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.016.

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14

Hong, SaHyun, Hiroyuki Horiuchi, and Akinori Ohta. "Identification and molecular cloning of a gene encoding Phospholipase A2 (plaA) from Aspergillus nidulans." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1735, no. 3 (August 2005): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.06.005.

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15

Phonyiam, Narumon, and Sirinda Yunchalard. "Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria recovered and screened from plaa-som and its amylolytic enzyme." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1773.

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16

RIBARDO, D., S. CROWE, J. PETERSON, and A. CHOPRA. "Phospholipase C, phospholipase D and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-activating protein (PLAA) as new targets to control inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)." Gastroenterology 120, no. 5 (April 2001): A185—A186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(01)80919-7.

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17

Ribardo, Deborah A., Sheila E. Crowe, Johnny W. Peterson, and Ashok K. Chopra. "Phospholipase C, phospholipase D and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-activating protein (PLAA) as new targets to control inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)." Gastroenterology 120, no. 5 (April 2001): A185—A186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(08)80919-5.

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18

Flieger, Antje, Kerstin Rydzewski, Sangeeta Banerji, Markus Broich, and Klaus Heuner. "Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Encoding the Major Cell-Associated Phospholipase A of Legionella pneumophila, plaB, Exhibiting Hemolytic Activity." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 5 (May 2004): 2648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.5.2648-2658.2004.

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ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is an intracellular pathogen of amoebae, macrophages, and epithelial cells. The pathology of Legionella infections involves alveolar cell destruction, and several proteins of L. pneumophila are known to contribute to this ability. By screening a genomic library of L. pneumophila, we found an additional L. pneumophila gene, plaB, which coded for a hemolytic activity and contained a lipase consensus motif in its deduced protein sequence. Moreover, Escherichia coli harboring the L. pneumophila plaB gene showed increased activity in releasing fatty acids predominantly from diacylphospho- and lysophospholipids, demonstrating that it encodes a phospholipase A. It has been reported that culture supernatants and cell lysates of L. pneumophila possess phospholipase A activity; however, only the major secreted lysophospholipase A PlaA has been investigated on the molecular level. We therefore generated isogenic L. pneumophila plaB mutants and tested those for hemolysis, lipolytic activities, and intracellular survival in amoebae and macrophages. Compared to wild-type L. pneumophila, the plaB mutant showed reduced hemolysis of human red blood cells and almost completely lost its cell-associated lipolytic activity. We conclude that L. pneumophila plaB is the gene encoding the major cell-associated phospholipase A, possibly contributing to bacterial cytotoxicity due to its hemolytic activity. On the other hand, in view of the fact that the plaB mutant multiplied like the wild type both in U937 macrophages and in Acanthamoeba castellanii amoebae, plaB is not essential for intracellular survival of the pathogen.

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19

Manch-Citron, J. N., and J. London. "Expression of the Prevotella loescheii adhesin gene (plaA) is mediated by a programmed frameshifting hop." Journal of Bacteriology 176, no. 7 (1994): 1944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.176.7.1944-1948.1994.

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20

Liu, Xiao-Hong, Fei-Long Zhuang, Jian-Ping Lu, and Fu-Cheng Lin. "Identification and molecular cloning Moplaa gene, a homologue of Homo sapiens PLAA, in Magnaporthe oryzae." Microbiological Research 167, no. 1 (December 2011): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2011.02.003.

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21

Schwartz, Z., E. J. Graham, L. Wang, S. Lossdörfer, I. Gay, T. L. Johnson-Pais, D. L. Carnes, V. L. Sylvia, and B. D. Boyan. "Phospholipase A2activating protein (PLAA) is required for 1α,25(OH)2D3signaling in growth plate chondrocytes." Journal of Cellular Physiology 203, no. 1 (September 14, 2004): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20212.

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22

Banerji, Sangeeta, Mayte Bewersdorff, Björn Hermes, Nicholas P. Cianciotto, and Antje Flieger. "Characterization of the Major Secreted Zinc Metalloprotease- Dependent Glycerophospholipid:Cholesterol Acyltransferase, PlaC, of Legionella pneumophila." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 5 (May 2005): 2899–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.5.2899-2909.2005.

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ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila, an intracellular pathogen causing a severe pneumonia, possesses distinct lipolytic activities which have not been completely assigned to specific enzymes so far. We cloned and characterized a gene, plaC, encoding a protein with high homology to PlaA, the major secreted lysophospholipase A of L. pneumophila and to other hydrolytic enzymes belonging to the GDSL family. Here we show that L. pneumophila plaC mutants possessed reduced phospholipase A and lysophospholipase A activities and lacked glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in their culture supernatants. The mutants' reduced phospholipase A and acyltransferase activities were complemented by reintroduction of an intact copy of plaC. Additionally, plaC conferred increased lysophospholipase A and glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acytransferase activities to recombinant Escherichia coli. Furthermore, PlaC was shown to be another candidate exported by the L. pneumophila type II secretion system and was activated by a factor present in the bacterial culture supernatant dependent on the zinc metalloprotease. Finally, the role of plaC in intracellular infection of Acanthamoeba castellanii and U937 macrophages with L. pneumophila was assessed, and plaC was found to be dispensable. Thus, L. pneumophila possesses another secreted lipolytic enzyme, a protein with acyltransferase, phospholipase A, and lysophospholipase A activities. This enzyme is distinguished from the previously characterized phospholipases A and lysophospholipases A by its capacity not only to cleave fatty acids from lipids but to transfer them to cholesterol. Cholesterol is an important compound of eukaryotic membranes, and an acyltransferase might be a tool for host cell modification to fit the needs of the bacterium.

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23

Nicomrat, Duongruitai, Manoch Lakthandee, Nednapa Suenonmueng, and Ninlawan Marjang. "Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Participating in Hygienic Long Shelf-Life of the Plaa-Som Fermented Product." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.113.

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Consumptions of fermented vinegar made of fresh fruit juices have been increased dramatically due to their freshness, high vitamin content, and low caloric consumption. Unpasteurized fruit juice produced by pressing or squeezing of the fruits also have many diverse microflora which is normally present on the surface of fruits during harvest and postharvest processing and possibly include transport, storage, and processing. In the study, many microorganisms producing acid especially bacteria, fungi, and yeasts demonstrated the high acid production and using fruit juice as a substrate for their growth. Three acid producing bacteria were isolated and characterized for the acid production as well as applied for the fruit vinegar fermentation process.

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24

Saithong, Pramuan, Wanchai Panthavee, Malai Boonyaratanakornkit, and Chomdao Sikkhamondhol. "Use of a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria in plaa-som, a Thai fermented fish." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 110, no. 5 (November 2010): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.06.004.

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25

Paludan-Müller, Christine, Mette Madsen, Pairat Sophanodora, Lone Gram, and Peter Lange Møller. "Fermentation and microflora of plaa-som, a Thai fermented fish product prepared with different salt concentrations." International Journal of Food Microbiology 73, no. 1 (February 2002): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00688-2.

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26

Zhang, Fan, Jian Sha, Thomas G. Wood, Cristi L. Galindo, Harold R. Garner, Mark F. Burkart, Giovanni Suarez, et al. "Alteration in the activation state of new inflammation-associated targets by phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAA)." Cellular Signalling 20, no. 5 (May 2008): 844–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.004.

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27

Srionnual, Sirinat, Fujitoshi Yanagida, Li-Hsiu Lin, Kuang-Nan Hsiao, and Yi-sheng Chen. "Weissellicin 110, a Newly Discovered Bacteriocin from Weissella cibaria 110, Isolated from Plaa-Som, a Fermented Fish Product from Thailand." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 7 (February 9, 2007): 2247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02484-06.

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ABSTRACT Weissella cibaria 110, isolated from the Thai fermented fish product plaa-som, was found to produce a bacteriocin active against some gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriocin activity was not eliminated by exposure to high temperatures or catalase but was destroyed by exposure to the proteolytic enzymes proteinase K and trypsin. The bacteriocin from W. cibaria 110 was purified, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the purified bacteriocin contained one protein band that was approximately 2.5 kDa in size. Mass spectrometry analysis showed the mass of the peptide to be approximately 3,487.8 Da. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis was performed, and 27 amino acids were identified. Because it has no similarity to other known bacteriocins, this bacteriocin was defined as a new bacteriocin and termed weissellicin 110.

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28

Dai, Congling, Sicong Zeng, Zhenhua Tan, Xiaowen Yang, Juan Du, Guangxiu Lu, and Jian Wang. "Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies in China caused by novel mutations of PLAA." Clinical Genetics 96, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cge.13608.

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29

Hall, Emma A., Michael S. Nahorski, Lyndsay M. Murray, Ranad Shaheen, Emma Perkins, Kosala N. Dissanayake, Yosua Kristaryanto, et al. "PLAA Mutations Cause a Lethal Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy by Disrupting Ubiquitin-Mediated Endolysosomal Degradation of Synaptic Proteins." American Journal of Human Genetics 100, no. 5 (May 2017): 706–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.03.008.

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30

Kopermsub, Phikunthong, and Sirinda Yunchalard. "Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria dynamics during plaa-som fermentation using amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S744—S745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1772.

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31

Papadopoulos, Chrisovalantis, Philipp Kirchner, Monika Bug, Daniel Grum, Lisa Koerver, Nina Schulze, Robert Poehler, et al. "VCP /p97 cooperates with YOD 1, UBXD 1 and PLAA to drive clearance of ruptured lysosomes by autophagy." EMBO Journal 36, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.201695148.

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Manch-Citron, Jean N., Anjana Dey, Randal Schneider, and Nga Y. Nguyen. "The Translational Hop Junction and the 5′ Transcriptional Start Site for the Prevotella loescheii Adhesin Encoded by plaA." Current Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 1999): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00006766.

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Kopermsub, Phikunthong, and Sirinda Yunchalard. "Identification of lactic acid bacteria associated with the production of plaa-som, a traditional fermented fish product of Thailand." International Journal of Food Microbiology 138, no. 3 (April 15, 2010): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.024.

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Sripokar, Pakteera, Egon Bech Hansen, Yi Zhang, Suppasil Maneerat, and Sappasith Klomklao. "Ka‐pi‐plaa fermented using beardless barb fish: physicochemical, microbiological and antioxidant properties as influenced by production processes." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 57, no. 2 (December 11, 2021): 1161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15484.

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35

Davidson, C. S. "Toxicology of the Liver. Edited by Gabriel L. Plaa and William R. Hewitt. 350 pp. New York: Raven, 1982. $41.00." Hepatology 3, no. 1 (September 21, 2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840030124.

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36

Howe, Andy. "Primate play plan." New Scientist 216, no. 2889 (November 2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)62830-9.

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Chabasri, Tanyamon, Preekamol Klanrit, and Sirinda Yunchalard. "Starters cultures development process by using their enzymatic activities on the carbohydrates contitutents in plaa-som fermentation process as the primary selected criterion." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.291.

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38

Doroudi, Maryam, Barbara D. Boyan, and Zvi Schwartz. "Rapid 1α,25(OH)2D3 membrane-mediated activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in growth plate chondrocytes requires Pdia3, PLAA and caveolae." Connective Tissue Research 55, sup1 (August 15, 2014): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2014.923882.

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39

Decock, Anneleen, David Creytens, Steve Lefever, Joni Van der Meulen, Jasper Anckaert, Ariane De Ganck, Jill Deleu, et al. "mRNA Capture Sequencing and RT-qPCR for the Detection of Pathognomonic, Novel, and Secondary Fusion Transcripts in FFPE Tissue: A Sarcoma Showcase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911007.

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We assess the performance of mRNA capture sequencing to identify fusion transcripts in FFPE tissue of different sarcoma types, followed by RT-qPCR confirmation. To validate our workflow, six positive control tumors with a specific chromosomal rearrangement were analyzed using the TruSight RNA Pan-Cancer Panel. Fusion transcript calling by FusionCatcher confirmed these aberrations and enabled the identification of both fusion gene partners and breakpoints. Next, whole-transcriptome TruSeq RNA Exome sequencing was applied to 17 fusion gene-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) or undifferentiated round cell sarcoma (URCS) tumors, for whom fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) did not identify the classical pathognomonic rearrangements. For six patients, a pathognomonic fusion transcript was readily detected, i.e., PAX3-FOXO1 in two ARMS patients, and EWSR1-FLI1, EWSR1-ERG, or EWSR1-NFATC2 in four URCS patients. For the 11 remaining patients, 11 newly identified fusion transcripts were confirmed by RT-qPCR, including COPS3-TOM1L2, NCOA1-DTNB, WWTR1-LINC01986, PLAA-MOB3B, AP1B1-CHEK2, and BRD4-LEUTX fusion transcripts in ARMS patients. Additionally, recurrently detected secondary fusion transcripts in patients diagnosed with EWSR1-NFATC2-positive sarcoma were confirmed (COPS4-TBC1D9, PICALM-SYTL2, SMG6-VPS53, and UBE2F-ALS2). In conclusion, this study shows that mRNA capture sequencing enhances the detection rate of pathognomonic fusions and enables the identification of novel and secondary fusion transcripts in sarcomas.

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40

Kim, Yon Hwan, Jeong Hyuk Im, Hyun Su Min, Jun Ki Kim, Yong Kyu Lee, Go Eun Park, Kwang Jae Cho, and Kang Moo Huh. "Preparation and Characterization of PEG-PLA(PLGA) Micelles for Solubilization of Rosiglitazone." Polymer Korea 34, no. 3 (May 31, 2010): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2010.34.3.274.

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41

Ramiah, K., C. A. van Reenen, and L. M. T. Dicks. "Expression of the mucus adhesion genes Mub and MapA, adhesion-like factor EF-Tu and bacteriocin gene plaA of Lactobacillus plantarum 423, monitored with real-time PCR." International Journal of Food Microbiology 116, no. 3 (May 2007): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.011.

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42

Newton, G. L., G. M. Hill, R. W. Beaver, and B. G. Mullinix Jr. "Effect of dietary potassium on concentration of lysine in plasma of finishing cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-072.

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High K intakes have been shown to affect lysine metabolism in swine and poultry. This effect may result in improved performance and its primary manifestation is a decrease in plasma and tissue lysine concentration. In order to evaluate the effects of supplemental K and crude protein (CP) on the concentration of amino acids in plasma (PLAA) and growth performance, 72 cattle (48 heifers + 24 steers, weighing 425 ± 35 kg) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design trial. After 28 d on feed, there was a trend (P = 0.09) for an interaction effect of K (1% KCl) and CP (6% cottonseed meal) on plasma lysine. At 56 d there was an interaction (P = 0.02) of K and CP on plasma lysine. Supplemental K decreased (P = 0.01) plasma lysine in the absence of CP supplement, and increased it (P = 0.04) in the presence of CP. Supplemental CP decreased (P = 0.001) plasma lysine in the absence of supplemental K, but not in its presence. Addition of K, CP or both K and CP to the corn-peanut hull diet did not affect weight gain or feed efficiency. Addition of CP tended (P = 0.09) to increase feed intake over the entire trial. Carcass quality grade was lower (P = 0.03) for cattle fed CP supplement than for cattle not fed supplemental CP. Key words: Cattle, potassium, crude protein, plasma amino acids, lysine

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43

Manch-Citron, Jean N., Anjana Dey, John B. Ewell, and Nga Y. Nguyen. "Mutant analysis of Prevotella sp. plaA-lacZ fusion protein expression in Escherichia coli: support for an essential role of the stem-loop." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 2 (1999): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-45-2-153.

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44

Kim, Moon-Sun, and Sangeun Lee. "Synthesis of PLLA-block-PMMA Copolymer and Characteristics of Biaxially Oriented PLA Film Including the Same." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 26, no. 3 (June 10, 2015): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2014.1121.

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45

Lepper, Joe. "Play England ups its game plan." Children and Young People Now 2014, no. 17 (August 19, 2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2014.17.14.

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Karamanlioglu, Mehlika, and Umit Alkan. "Influence of time and room temperature on mechanical and thermal degradation of poly(lactic) acid." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 1 (2019): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci181111051k.

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Poly(lactic) acid (PLA), is a compostable thermoplastic which degrades fast under composting conditions of microorganisms, high humidity, and temperatures. However, PLA degrades slowly below its glass transition temperature and in low humidity, hence, when used as short-shelf life product containers and not disposed to composting systems, PLA may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, when not disposed to proper waste management systems, the effect of long incubation time at room temperature on mechanical and thermal properties of PLA is the main concern of this study. To determine the effect of room temperature on semi-crystalline PLA degradation at a low humidity percentage, PLA films (PLA2) were kept at room temperature for 5 years at 40?10% humidity. Some PLA films (PLA3) were pre-treated at 55?C under dry conditions for one year and then kept at room temperature for four years. Influence of incubation time and temperature on PLA degradation was evaluated by mechanical, thermal analyses and by FTIR spectroscopy analysis and compared with the initial PLA samples (PLA1). Mainly mechanical properties of PLA were affected by incubation temperature and time since 68% tensile strength loss was observed in PLA3 samples which were pre-treated at 55?C and 34% decrease in tensile strength was observed in PLA2 samples. Ther?mal behavior of PLA was also influenced by incubation time and temperature as degree of crystallinity decreased 5% and 3% in PLA2 and PLA3 samples, respectively. Deformation of CH bonds and amorphous phase degradation were revealed by FTIR analyses in PLA2 and PLA3 samples.

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TANAMOOL, Varavut, Piyorot HONGSACHART, and Wichai SOEMPHOL. "Screening and characterisation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Thai fermented fish (Plaa-som) in Nong Khai and its application in Thai fermented vegetables (Som-pak)." Food Science and Technology 40, no. 2 (June 2020): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.05419.

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48

Lin-Xing, Liu, Michael Nardi, Frances Flug, and Simon Karpatkin. "Development of a monoclonal antibody capable of differentiating platelet PLA1/PLA1, PLA1/PLA2and PLA2/PLA2genotypes." British Journal of Haematology 81, no. 1 (May 1992): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1992.tb08182.x.

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49

Benford, Diane. "Toxicology of the Liver: Second Edition (Target Organ Toxicology Series) Edited by Gabriel L. Plaa and William R. Hewitt Published 1998 Taylor ' Francis, Washington. xi + 431 pages ISBN 1 56032 719 7 £90." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 50, no. 9 (September 1998): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06926.x.

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Head Neck Surg, Philip J. Otolaryngol. "Contents Vol. 36 No.2 July-December 2021." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 36, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v36i2.1841.

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EDITORIAL4 COVID-19 and Climate Change: Signing Up for Our Impossible Dream Lapeña JFF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT 6 Global Health Community Calls for Climate Action Ahead of COP26 to Avert “Biggest Health Threat Facing Humanity” ORIGINAL ARTICLES8 Pre-Operative Temporal Bone CT Scan Readings and Intraoperative Findings During Mastoidectomy Toral DB, Laganao CRD 13 Endoscopic Type I Tympanoplasty in 70 Patients with Chronic Otitis Media: A Preliminary Report Singh B, Pal P, Osahan HS, Sood AS 18 Determination of Ambient Noise Levels in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units and Adult Ward of the Makati Medical Center Chan-Zamora JP, Cedeño JRR, Guzman PB, Bigalbal JL 22 Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Leak in Skull Base Reconstruction Using Hadad - Bassagasteguy Flap after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Case Series Formalejo JP, Amable JP 25 Nasolabial Flap Reconstruction for Orofacial Defects: A Case Series Diaz RZ, Cabungcal AC 30 Application of Open-Source 3D Planning Software in Virtual Reconstruction of Complex Maxillofacial Defects Caro DJ, Pamintuan FG CASE REPORTS 36 Approach to a Sewing Needle in the Parapharyngeal Space: A Case Report Bettadahalli V, Bhargava R, Kumar S 40 Single Stage Transoral Cordectomy and Medialization Thyroplasty in Early Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report Regalado -Go JAF, Flores TJ, Santiago AE SURGICAL INNOVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION44 Aerosol and Droplet Particles Contained by Inexpensive Barrier Tent During Mastoidectomy: A COVID-19 Innovation Mangubat AD, Labra PJP 49 Addressing Difficulty in Communication While Wearing a Respirator Mask During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Using a Laryngophone Kongsun Ching LVC, Liu PLAA FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS 52 Pyoderma Gangrenosum Initially Presenting as an Ulceration of the Ear Lobule Dulnuan HG, Garcia CV, Tirona-Remulla A FROM THE VIEWBOX 55 Post-traumatic Malleo-Incudal Complex Dislocation Yang NW UNDER THE MICROSCOPE 57 Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Maganito SC, Carnate JM CAPTOONS 59 Doknet’s World Billones WU PASSAGES 60 Joselito B. Buluran, MD Lacanilao RC 61 Ibarra R. Crisostomo, MD Bautista RA 62 Eusebio E. Llamas, MD Martinez NV 63 Robie V. Zantua, MD Zantua ACT

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