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1
Harmawanto, Agung Gagah, Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo, and Sigit Winarto. "PERENCANAAN ALTERNATIF GEOMETRIK DAN METODE PELAKSANAAN RUAS JALAN NGRAHO – NGAWI STA.14+500 - STA.19+500." Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & Teknik Sipil 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jurmateks.v2i2.510.
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Ngraho - Ngawi Sta. 14 + 500 – Sta. 19 + 500 highway is a collector connecting Bojonegoro to Ngawi Due to high traffic density, a road geometric Development is in need. The objective of this final project is to plan a good alternative geometric design-safe, comfortable, and easy to access. The required data were of topographic map and the road geometric design was based on the “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” General Works Standart No. 038/TBM/1997. The calculations result in Class 2 – lane collector road with one lane of 3 m wide having 8 turns, twists PI1 Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, and turn PI8 Spiral-Spiral shape PPV PPV 1 concave and 2 convex, concave 3 PPV.Jalan provinsi ruas Ngraho – Ngawi Sta. 14+500 – Sta. 19+500 adalah jalan kolektor yang menghubungkan kota Bojonegoro - Ngawi. Karena lalu lintasnya padat, maka perlu diadakan peningkatan geometrik jalan. Dalam laporan akhir ini penulis membuat perencanaan alternatif desain geometrik jalan yang baik-aman,nyaman, dan mudah diakses oleh pengguna jalan. Data yang digunakan adalah peta topografi dan perencanaan desain geometrik jalan berpedoman oleh “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” Standar Bina Marga No.038/TBM/1997. Dari perhitungan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: kelas jalan kolektor dengan 2 lajur 1 jalur dan memiliki lebar 3 m, 8 tikungan, tikungan PI1Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral,dan tikunganPI8 Spiral-Spiralbentuk PPV 1 cekung dan PPV 2 cembung, PPV 3 cekung.
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Kawasaki-Tanaka, A., N. Hayashi, S. Yanagihara, and Y. Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Japan." Plant Disease 100, no. 4 (April 2016): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-15-0442-re.
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In total, 310 rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) isolates from Japan showed wide variation in virulence. Virulence on rice (Oryza sativa L.) differential varieties (DV) harboring resistance genes Pish, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, and Pi19(t) ranged from 82.9 to 100.0%. In contrast, virulence on DV possessing Pib, Pit, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pita-2, Pita, Pi12(t), and Pi20(t) ranged from 0 to 21.6%. Cluster analysis using the reaction patterns of the DV classified isolates into three groups: I, virulent to Pik, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pik-m, Pi1, and Pi7(t); IIa, avirulent to the preceding 6 genes and virulent to Pia, Pii, Pi3, and Pi5(t); and IIb, avirulent to all 10 genes. Group I was limited to northern Japan and group IIb to central Japan, while group IIa was distributed throughout Japan. We estimate that group IIa represents the original population and that groups I and IIb arose from it through minor changes in pathogenicity. We classified these isolates into 123 races by a new designation system and conclude that the rice blast races in Japan are less diverse than previously thought.
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Fukuta, Yoshimichi, Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria, Nagao Hayashi, Seiji Yanagihara, Catherine Wanjiku Machungo, and Daigo Makihara. "Pathogenicities of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Isolates From Kenya." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-19-0870-re.
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A total of 99 isolates of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) were collected from 2010 to 2015 from four regions in Kenya: Kirinyaga County and Embu County, Kisumu County, Tana River County, and Mombasa County. The pathogenicities of these isolates were clarified based on the reaction patterns of Lijiangxintuanheigu and differential varieties (DVs) targeting 23 resistance genes. The frequency of virulent isolates was high for DVs for Pib, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t); low for DVs for Pish, Pi9(t), Piz-5, and Piz-t; and intermediate for the remaining DVs for Pit, Piz, Pita-2, Pita, and Pi12(t). These blast isolates were classified into three cluster groups: Ia, Ib, and II. The frequencies of virulent isolates to DVs for Pit, Pii, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz, and Pi12(t) differed markedly between clusters I and II, and those of DVs for Pib, Pit, Pia, Pi3, Pita-2, Pita, and Pi20(t) differed between Ia and Ib. The frequencies of cluster groups in the four geographical regions were different. A total of 62 races were found, with 19 blast isolates categorized into one race (U63-i7-k177-z00-ta003), whereas the other races included only some isolates in each.
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Misman, Siti Norsuha, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak, Nur Syahirah Ahmad Sobri, and Latiffah Zakaria. "Virulence Pattern of Pyricularia oryzae Pathotypes Towards Blast Monogenic Lines." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.8.
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Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.
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Misman, Siti Norsuha, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak, Nur Syahirah Ahmad Sobri, and Latiffah Zakaria. "Virulence Pattern of Pyricularia oryzae Pathotypes Towards Blast Monogenic Lines." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.8.
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Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.
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Nguyet, Nguyen T. M., Hoang H. Long, Nguyen B. Ngoc, Nguyen T. Nhai, Nguyen T. T. Thuy, Nagao Hayashi, and Yoshimichi Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Vietnam." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1008-re.
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A total of 239 isolates of blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) collected from northern and central Vietnam showed a wide variation in pathogenicity based on the reaction patterns to 25 differential varieties (DVs) harboring 23 resistance genes and susceptible cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH). The frequencies of isolates virulent toward DVs for Pish, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz-5, Pita-2, and Pita were low, but they were high for DVs for Pib, Pit, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Piz, Piz-t, Pi12(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t). Isolates were classified into three cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II based on reaction patterns to DVs and LTH. The frequencies of isolates virulent toward 11 DVs for Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Pita-2, and Pita in cluster II and DV for Piz-t were higher and lower than those of Ia and Ib, respectively. The frequencies to DVs for Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), and Piz-t were different between clusters Ia and Ib. Clusters Ia and Ib were distributed with similar frequencies in the northeast, north central, and south central coast regions, but the frequencies among three cluster groups in the Red River Delta and northwest regions were different. This means that the blast races in these two regions were different from the others. Overall, the blast isolates were categorized into 153 races. Among them, 26 were selected as a set of standard differential blast isolates for characterizing 23 resistance genes and developing a differential system in Vietnam.
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Wang, Dongyuan, Feng Zhu, Jichun Wang, Hongguang Ju, Yongfeng Yan, Shanyan Qi, Yuping Ou, and Chengli Tian. "Pathogenicity Analyses of Rice Blast Fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) from Japonica Rice Area of Northeast China." Pathogens 13, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030211.
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In order to understand the pathogenicity differentiation of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara), a total of 206 isolates of P. oryzae were collected from three Japonica rice regions in Jilin Province, northeast China. Pathogenicity test showed that the reaction pattern of 25 monogenic differential varieties (MDVs) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) demonstrated a wide pathogenic diversity among the isolates. Those MDVs harbor 23 resistance (R) genes with the susceptible variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) as control. Virulent isolates of MDVs harboring R genes Pish, Pit, Pia, Pii, Pik-s, Pik, Pita (two lines), and Pita-2 (two lines) had high frequencies ranging from 80 to 100%, to MDVs harboring R genes Pib, Pi5(t), Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz, Piz-5, and Piz-t showed intermediate frequencies ranging from 40 to 80%, and to MDVs with R genes Pi3, Pi9(t), Pi12(t), Pi19(t) and Pi20(t) presented low frequencies ranging only from 0 to 40%. The U-i-k-z-ta pattern of race-named criteria categorized the 206 isolates into 175 races. Sub-unit U73 for Pib, i7 for Pi3 and Pi5(t), k177 for Pik-m/Pik-h/Pik-p, z17 for Pi9(t), and ta332 for Pi20(t) were crucial on pathogenic differences in regions. Twenty-seven standard differential blast isolates (SDBIs) were selected to characterize resistance in rice accessions. This study could help to build a durable identification system against blast in the Japonica rice area of northeast China and enhance our understanding of the differentiation and diversity of blast races in the world.
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Zoelfan, Fahmi, Malikah Umar, and Desi Maharani Agustini. "ESTIMASI BOBOT BADAN BERDASARKAN DIMENSI TUBUH SAPI MADURA BETINA." Maduranch : Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 8, no. 2 (August 29, 2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53712/maduranch.v8i2.2036.
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Sapi Madura sebagai salah satu ternak lokal di Indonesia yang memiliki kesempatan baik untuk dikembangkan, mengingat tingkat kontribusinya yang relative tinggi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan daging nasional. Akan tetapi kelemahan dan keterbatasan sapi Madura terdapat pada pertumbuhan yang cukup lambat, hal tersebut dikarenakan manajemen pemberian pakan yang kurang tepat sehingga sapi Madura tumbuh tidak sesuai dengan potensi genetiknya (Umar, 2016). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keeretan hubungan dimensi tubuh terhadap bobot badan sapi Madura betina. Materi penelitian menggunakan sapi Madura betina mulai dari PI0 sebanyak 25 ekor, PI1 sebanyak 9 ekor, PI2 sebanyak 55 ekor, PI3 sebanyak 34 ekor, PI4 sebanyak 58 ekor.. Metode dan Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan menggunakan metode surve. Variabel yang di ukur adalah panjang badan, tinggi badan dan lingkar dada. Hasil penelitin rataan lingkar dada, tinggi badan, panjang badan dan bobot badan sapi Madura betina yaitu dapat diketahui bahwa semakin tua sapi maka rata-rata lingkar dada semakin bertambah. Nilai korelasi bobot badan dengan lingkar dada pada PI0 sebesar 0,91, PI1 sebesar 0,82, PI2 sebesar 0,85, PI3 sebesar 0,86 dan PI4 sebesar 0,85. Dengan demikian lingkar dada dapat dijadikan sebagai alat penduga bobot badan karena memiliki keeratan dimensi.
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Xangsayasane, Phetmanyseng, Chanthakone Boualaphanh, Chay Bounphanousay, Viengphone Bounphanousay, Phatsalakone Manivong, Singty Voradeth, Phoumi Inthapanya, et al. "Genetic Variation of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) Isolates in Laos." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-05-20-0041-rs.
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The pathogenicity of 192 blast isolates collected from regions across the whole of Laos from 2007 to 2009 showed a wide variation in terms of the frequencies of virulence toward differential varieties (DVs) and the susceptible control cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu. High frequencies of virulence (>50%) were found in the reactions of DVs for Pit, Pia, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Piz-t, Pi19(t), and Pi20(t); intermediate values (from 10 to 50%) were found in DVs for Pib, Pii, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz-5, Pita (two lines), Pita-2 (two lines), and Pi12(t); and low frequencies (<10%) were found in DVs for Pish, Piz, and Pi9(t). The blast isolates were classified into three cluster groups: Ia and Ib (low virulence) and II (high virulence), based on the patterns of reaction to them. The blast isolates in cluster group Ia were dominant in rainfed lowland areas, those in Ib were dominant in irrigated lowland areas, and those in II were dominant in upland areas. Cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II were dominant in the Southern, Central, and Northern regions, respectively. Blast races in Laos were distributed according to ecosystems for rice cultivation and geographical regions from south to north with different virulence. These isolates were categorized into 156 races, and the numbers of blast isolates were few in each race. A total of 15 representative isolates were selected from among them as standard differential blast isolates, to develop a differential system.
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Khan, M. A. I., M. A. Ali, M. A. Monsur, A. Kawasaki-Tanaka, N. Hayashi, S. Yanagihara, M. Obara, M. A. T. Mia, M. A. Latif, and Y. Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Bangladesh." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1486-re.
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The pathogenicity of 331 blast isolates (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) collected from different regions and ecosystems for rice cultivation in Bangladesh was evaluated by compatibility on 23 differential varieties (DV), each harboring a single blast resistance gene, and susceptible ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’ (LTH). A wide variation in virulence was found among the isolates, and 267 races were classified using a new designation system. Virulence of blast isolates against DV carrying the resistance genes Pia, Pib, Pit, Pik-s, Piz-t, Pi12(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t), as well as avirulence against those carrying Pish, Pi9, Pita-2, and Pita, was distributed widely in Bangladesh. Cluster analysis of the compatibility data on the DV initially classified the isolates into groups I and II. The virulence spectra of the two groups differed mainly according to the reactions of the DV to Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, and Pi7(t). Group I isolates were distributed mainly in rainfed lowlands, whereas group II isolates were found mainly in irrigated lowlands; however, there were no critical differences in geographic distribution of the blast isolates. In total, 26 isolates, which could be used to identify the 23 resistance genes of the DV on the basis of their reaction patterns, were selected as a set of standard differential blast isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first clear demonstration of the diversity and differentiation of blast races in Bangladesh. This information will be used to develop a durable blast protection system in that country.
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Qwaider, Yasmeen Z., Justin Z. Amarin, Haya Hayek, Tess Stopczynski, Andrew J. Spieker, Olla Hamdan, Jonathan Schmitz, James D. Chappell, Jesse O. Wrenn, and Natasha B. Halasa. "Circulation of Parainfluenza Virus in Nashville, Tennessee Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 12, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2023): S7—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piad070.014.
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Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced and altered circulation of common respiratory viruses, including the parainfluenza viruses (PIVs). Our aim was to describe the circulation of PIVs in Nashville, Tennessee before and during the pandemic. Methods We retrieved records of all respiratory specimens tested using a clinician-ordered respiratory pathogen panel (RPP) test between 01/01/2018, and 12/01/2022, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Using the results of RPP testing, we evaluated the proportion of PIV-positive tests before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, including by age groups (0–4, 5–17, 18–64, ≥65), and by PIV types 1-4. Any individual with a medical encounter >14 days was considered a distinct case. We used 04/01/2020, the day Tennessee’s stay-at-home order took effect, as the start date of the pandemic period. Results Of the 58,001 tests ordered during the 60-month study period, 2,601 (4.5%) tests were positive for PIV. PIV-3 was the most common serotype (1,493, 57.4%), followed by PIV-4 (374,14.4%), PIV-2 (356,13.7%), and PIV-1 (351,13.5%). The median age of those who tested PIV-positive was 2.6 years (IQR, 0.9–7.3 years) and 1,395 (53.6%) were male. PIV-1 and PIV-2 were more common children compared to adults. Before the pandemic, PIV-1 and PIV-2 peaked biennially, with PIV-1 peaking in the fall of odd months and PIV-2 peaking in the fall of even years. (Figure 1). PIV-3 and PIV-4 circulated annually, with PIV-3 peaking in the spring and PIV-4 peaking in the fall. During the pandemic, all PIV serotypes skipped a season, but resurfaced the following season. The distribution of detections across age groups was comparable before and during the pandemic. Figure 1. Monthly proportions of RPP tests positive for parainfluenza virus (PIV) in Nashville, Tennessee before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018–December 2022). The dashed line represents the first day Tennessee’s stay-at-home order was in effect. Co-detection refers to detection of more than one PIV serotype simultaneously. Conclusion The circulation of PIV in Nashville, Tennessee was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, with PIVs not circulating for an entire season. However, circulation resumed the following season. Further investigation is needed to determine if clinical outcomes differed before and during the pandemic and the influence of NPIs shaped PIV transmission.
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Topkan, Erkan, Ahmet Kucuk, and Ugur Selek. "Pretreatment Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value Efficiently Predicts Survival Outcomes in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients Receiving Radiotherapy and Temozolomide." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (November 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1346094.
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Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive significance of pretreatment pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who received postsurgical radiation (RT) and concurrent plus adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Methods. The outcomes of 204 newly diagnosed GBM patients were analyzed retrospectively. Each eligible patient’s PIV was calculated using the findings of peripheral blood platelet (P), monocyte (M), neutrophil (N), and lymphocyte (L) counts obtained on the first day of therapy: PIV = P × M × N ÷ L . We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to discover the ideal cutoff values for PIV concerning progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. The primary and secondary end-points were the OS and PFS divergences across the PIV groups. Results. In ROC curve analysis, the optimal PIV cutoff was 385, which substantially interacted with PFS and OS results and categorized patients into low PIV (L-PIV; N = 75 ) and high PIV (H-PIV; N = 129 ) groups. Comparative survival analyses showed that the patients in the H-PIV group had significantly shorter median PFS (6.0 vs. 16.6 months; P < 0.001 ) and OS (11.1 vs. 22.9 months; P < 0.001 ) durations than those in the L-PIV group. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated an independent and significant connection between an H-PIV measure and shorter PFS and OS outcomes. Conclusions. The novel PIV was able to independently stratify newly diagnosed GBM patients into two groups with fundamentally different PFS and OS outcomes following RT and concurrent plus adjuvant TMZ.
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Zhang, Guoquan, Ying Peng, Laura Schoenlaub, Alexandra Elliott, William Mitchell, and Yan Zhang. "Formalin-Inactivated Coxiella burnetii Phase I Vaccine-Induced Protection Depends on B Cells To Produce Protective IgM and IgG." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 6 (April 1, 2013): 2112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00297-13.
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ABSTRACTTo further understand the mechanisms of formalin-inactivatedCoxiella burnetiiphase I (PI) vaccine (PIV)-induced protection, we examined if B cell, T cell, CD4+T cell, or CD8+T cell deficiency in mice significantly affects the ability of PIV to confer protection against aC. burnetiiinfection. Interestingly, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, PIV conferred comparable levels of protection in CD4+T cell- or CD8+T cell-deficient mice and partial protection in T cell-deficient mice but did not provide measurable protection in B cell-deficient mice. These results suggest that PIV-induced protection depends on B cells. In addition, anti-PI-specific IgM was the major detectable antibody (Ab) in immune sera from PIV-vaccinated CD4+T cell-deficient mice, and passive transfer of immune sera from PIV-vaccinated CD4+T cell-deficient mice conferred significant protection. These results suggest that T cell-independent anti-PI-specific IgM may contribute to PIV-induced protection. Our results also suggested that PIV-induced protection may not depend on complement activation and Fc receptor-mediated effector functions. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that both IgM and IgG from PIV-vaccinated WT mouse sera were able to inhibitC. burnetiiinfectionin vivo, but only IgM from PIV-vaccinated CD4+T cell-deficient mouse sera inhibitedC. burnetiiinfection. Collectively, these findings suggest that PIV-induced protection depends on B cells to produce protective IgM and IgG and that T cell-independent anti-PI-specific IgM may play a critical role in PIV-induced protection againstC. burnetiiinfection.
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Provenzano, Leonardo, Riccardo Lobefaro, Francesca Ligorio, Emma Zattarin, Luca Zambelli, Caterina Sposetti, Daniele Presti, et al. "The pan-immune-inflammation value is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced TNBC treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy: an institutional retrospective analysis." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 15 (January 2023): 175883592311659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17588359231165978.
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Background: Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (aTNBC) has a poor prognosis; thus, there is a need to identify novel biomarkers to guide future research and improve clinical outcomes. Objectives: We tested the prognostic ability of an emerging, complete blood count (CBC)-based inflammatory biomarker, the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), in patients with aTNBC treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. Design: This was a retrospective, monocentric, observational study. Methods: We included consecutive aTNBC patients treated with platinum-based, first-line chemotherapy at our Institution, and for whom baseline (C1) CBC data were available. We collected CBC data early on-treatment, when available. PIV was calculated as: (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count. Patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer (aBC) were included in a control, non-TNBC cohort. Results: A total of 78 aTNBC patients were included. When evaluated as a continuous variable, PIV-C1 was associated with worse overall survival (OS; p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS; p < 0.001). On the other hand, when PIV-C1 was assessed on the basis of its quantile distribution, patients with ‘high PIV-C1’ experienced worse OS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 4.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.22–8.99; adjusted p < 0.001] and PFS (adjusted HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08–3.80; adjusted p = 0.027) when compared to patients with ‘low PIV-C1’. Higher PIV-C1 was also associated with primary resistance to chemotherapy. Similarly, a higher PIV calculated from CBC at C2D1 (PIV-C2) was associated with worse survival outcomes. We also created a PIV-based score combining information about both PIV-C1 and PIV-C2 and allowing the stratification of patients at low, intermediate, and high risk of death. No association was observed between PIV-C1 and clinical outcomes of HR+/HER2− aBC patients. Conclusion: PIV has a promising prognostic discrimination ability in aTNBC patients treated with first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy. Both baseline and early on-treatment PIV are associated with clinical outcomes and may be exploited for creating PIV-based risk classifiers if further validated.
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Eberle, Kirsten C., Jodi L. McGill, Timothy A. Reinhardt, and Randy E. Sacco. "Parainfluenza Virus 3 Blocks Antiviral Mediators Downstream of the Interferon Lambda Receptor by Modulating Stat1 Phosphorylation." Journal of Virology 90, no. 6 (December 30, 2015): 2948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02502-15.
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ABSTRACTParainfluenza viruses are known to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production; however, there is a lack of information regarding the type III IFN response during infection. Type III IFNs signal through a unique heterodimeric receptor, IFN-λR1/interleukin-10R2 (IL-10R2), which is primarily expressed by epithelial cells. Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) infection is highly restricted to the airway epithelium. We therefore sought to examine type III IFN signaling pathways during PIV-3 infection of epithelial cells. We used three strains of PIV-3: human PIV-3 (HPIV-3), bovine PIV-3 (BPIV-3), and dolphin PIV-1 (Tursiops truncatusPIV-1, or TtPIV-1). Here, we show that message levels of IL-29 are significantly increased during PIV-3 infection, yet downstream antiviral signaling molecules are not upregulated to levels similar to those of the positive control. Furthermore, in Vero cells infected with PIV-3, stimulation with recombinant IL-29/-28A/-28B does not cause upregulation of downstream antiviral molecules, suggesting that PIV-3 interferes with the JAK/STAT pathway downstream of the IFN-λR1/IL-10R2 receptor. We used Western blotting to examine the phosphorylation of Stat1 and Stat2 in Vero cells and the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In Vero cells, we observed reduced phosphorylation of the serine 727 (S727) site on Stat1, while in BEAS-2B cells Stat1 phosphorylation was decreased at the tyrosine 701 (Y701) site during PIV-3 infection. PIV-3 therefore interferes with the phosphorylation of Stat1 downstream of the type III IFN receptor. These data provide new evidence regarding strategies employed by parainfluenza viruses to effectively circumvent respiratory epithelial cell-specific antiviral immunity.IMPORTANCEParainfluenza virus (PIV) in humans is associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia and can be especially problematic in infants and the elderly. Also seen in cattle, bovine PIV-3 causes respiratory infections in young calves. In addition, PIV-3 is one of a number of pathogens that contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). As their name suggests, interferons (IFNs) are produced by cells to interfere with viral replication. Paramyxoviruses have previously been shown to block production and downstream signaling of type I IFNs. For the first time, it is shown here that PIV-3 can induce protective type III IFNs in epithelial cells, the primary site of PIV-3 infection. However, we found that PIV-3 modulates signaling pathways downstream of the type III IFN receptor to block production of several specific molecules that aid in a productive antiviral response. Importantly, this work expands our understanding of how PIV-3 effectively evades host innate immunity.
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Young, Heather, Deborah Aragon, Bryan C. Knepper, Cory Hussain, and Timothy C. Jenkins. "302. Peripheral IV catheters, a common source of healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.345.
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Abstract Background Healthcare-associated S. aureus bacteremia (HA-SAB) has traditionally been attributed to surgical site infections (SSI) or central line-associated bloodstream infections. However, peripheral IV catheters (pIV) are increasingly recognized as cause of HA-SAB. This study evaluates risk factors for HA-SAB due to pIV. Methods This is a retrospective, case-control study of adult patients hospitalized at Denver Health Medical Center with HA-SAB (SAB presenting with hospital-onset [≥3 days after hospitalization] or community-onset attributed to recent hospitalization [discharge ≤7 days prior]). The time period ranged from Jan 1, 2016 to Nov 30, 2019. Cases were reviewed by an infectious diseases physician to determine the source of SAB. PIV-related SAB was defined as phlebitis, cellulitis, and/or drainage at the site of a previous pIV AND no other source or another less likely source based on progress notes and microbiology results. Three controls were matched to each pIV-related SAB case based on the age of the patient (±5 years) and the date the pIV was placed (±3 days). Patients who were admitted for elective procedures, to psychiatry, to obstetrics, and those who died within 2 days of pIV placement were excluded. Results There were 376 episodes of SAB during the study period; 313 were community-onset while 63 were HA-SAB (50 hospital-onset and 13 community-onset attributed to hospitalization). PIV was the most common cause of HA-SAB (n=20, 29.4%); other common causes were SSI (n=10, 15.9%), source present at admission (n=8, 12.7%), and pneumonia (n=7, 11.1%). The median age of patients with pIV-related SAB was 53 years (SD 15.6), and 85% were male. The median duration of pIV was 5 days (SD 2.8). Twenty percent was MRSA. As compared to controls, pIV in immunocompromised individuals and those placed by emergency medical services (EMS) were more likely to develop SAB (OR 11.8, 95% CI 2.5–56.5 and OR 6.9, 95% CI 6.9–24.0, respectively). Age, gender, pIV location, and duration of pIV were not associated with development of SAB. Conclusion PIV placed by EMS are more likely to cause SAB than those placed in the hospital. Facilities should consider changing these pIV promptly upon admission to the hospital and work with EMS to improve pIV placement technique. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Gong, Shuicheng, Fuhao Zhang, Gang Xun, and Xuesong Li. "An Improved Convolutional Neural Network for Particle Image Velocimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2645, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2645/1/012013.
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Abstract With the wide application of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology in various engineering and research fields, the requirements for the accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness of PIV algorithms are increasing. Although traditional algorithms have wide applicability, they suffer from low accuracy, large computational cost, and poor robustness. Recently, deep learning algorithms have provided new solutions, especially, convolutional neural networks with different structures, which have achieved good performance on synthetic PIV datasets. This paper proposes a structural improvement scheme for PIV convolutional neural network models. Experiments verify that the proposed method can significantly optimize the performance of the model on synthetic PIV datasets, providing a novel approach for improving other convolutional neural networks for PIV analysis.
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Tabatabai, Julia, Paul Schnitzler, Christiane Prifert, Martin Schiller, Benedikt Weissbrich, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Daniel Teschner, et al. "Parainfluenza virus infections in patients with hematological malignancies or stem cell transplantation: Analysis of clinical characteristics, nosocomial transmission and viral shedding." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 29, 2022): e0271756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271756.
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To assess morbidity and mortality of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in immunocompromised patients, we analysed PIV infections in a hematology and stem cell transplantation (SCT) unit over the course of three years. Isolated PIV strains were characterized by sequence analysis and nosocomial transmission was assessed including phylogenetic analysis of viral strains. 109 cases of PIV infection were identified, 75 in the setting of SCT. PIV type 3 (n = 68) was the most frequent subtype. PIV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) was observed in 47 patients (43%) with a mortality of 19%. Severe leukopenia, prior steroid therapy and presence of co-infections were significant risk factors for development of PIV-LRTI in multivariate analysis. Prolonged viral shedding was frequently observed with a median duration of 14 days and up to 79 days, especially in patients after allogeneic SCT and with LRTI. Nosocomial transmission occurred in 47 patients. Phylogenetic analysis of isolated PIV strains and combination with clinical data enabled the identification of seven separate clusters of nosocomial transmission. In conclusion, we observed significant morbidity and mortality of PIV infection in hematology and transplant patients. The clinical impact of co-infections, the possibility of long-term viral shedding and frequent nosocomial transmission should be taken into account when designing infection control strategies.
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Seo, Sachiko, Hu Xie, Angela P. Campbell, Janet A. Englund, and Michael Boeckh. "Characterization and Outcome of Parainfluenza Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.458.458.
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Abstract Abstract 458 Background: Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is one of the most common respiratory viruses causing respiratory symptoms after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT); 20–30% of HCT recipients with PIV infection have lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD), associated with high mortality. Although previous studies have reported the outcome and risk factors of PIV LRTD, the definition of PIV LRTD differs in various reports, ranging from patients with radiographically and virologically confirmed cases to cases with only lower respiratory tract symptoms and viral detection from the upper respiratory tract. Here we examined the impact of various manifestations of LRTD, antiviral treatment, and patient and transplant factors on clinical outcome. Patients and methods: This retrospective cohort study included HCT recipients with PIV infection transplanted between 12/1990 and 11/2011 at the FHCRC. PIV infection was defined by detection of PIV in any sample using culture, direct fluorescent antibody testing, and/or polymerase chain reaction. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was defined by PIV detection in nasopharyngeal swab/wash, or sputum without new pulmonary infiltrates. LRTD was divided into 3 groups: possible (new pulmonary infiltrates plus URTI), probable (PIV detection in BAL or biopsy without new pulmonary infiltrates), and proven (new pulmonary infiltrates plus PIV detection in BAL or biopsy). Risk factors for overall mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: In 372 patients with PIV infection, median age was 44 years (range, 0–75), and median time to PIV infection after HCT was 69 days (range, 1–2566). Thirty-five (9%) patients had a secondary episode of PIV infection. URTI only, possible, probable, and proven LRTI occurred in 273 (73%), 39 (10%), 7 (2%), and 53 (14%) patients, respectively. In 28 (47%) proven and probable LRTD cases, PIV was first detected in upper respiratory samples a median of 7 days (range, 1–40) prior to detection in BAL or biopsy. Among patients with LRTD, the probability of 90-day survival after PIV LRTD was 47% in proven cases, 57% in probable, and 90% in possible (p < .001; Figure). Comparison between probabilities of 90-day survival after PIV infection in patients with URTI and possible LRTD showed no difference (92% in URTI vs. 90% in possible LRTD, p = 0.67). Cox proportional hazard analysis also showed that proven/probable LRTD resulted in significantly worse survival than URTI (HR, 8.6; 95% CI, 5.0–14.6, p<.001), while possible LRTI did not (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.4–3.4, p=0.74). Multivariable analyses of risk factors for overall mortality among all patients showed that proven/probable LRTD (adjusted HR 7.3, p=<.001), transplantation after 2000 (adjusted HR 0.4, p = 0.002), and steroid administration of more than 1 mg/kg/day pre-LRTD (adjusted HR 2.0, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with mortality. PIV type 3 was significant in the univariable analysis when compared to PIV type 1,2, and 4 combined (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.1–5.8, p=0.03), however, it was not significant in multivariable analysis. Among probable/proven LRTD cases, treatment with ribavirin was not associated with improved survival after adjusting for transplant year, oxygen use, presence of copathogens, donor type, preexisting lung disease and steroid use. High-dose IVIG also did not appear to improve outcome. Conclusions: The outcome of PIV LRTD with viral detection in BAL or biopsy (proven/probable LRTD) was worse compared with that of PIV LRTD with detection in nasopharyngeal samples alone (possible LRTD). Moreover, the outcome of possible LRTD was comparable to that of URTI. Thus, future outcome analyses should consider these disease entities separately. High-dose steroid use was associated with poor survival and neither ribavirin nor IVIG use appeared to be effective in improving overall survival of probable/proven PIV LRTD. Reduction of steroid dose might improve outcome, but further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. New drugs with anti-PIV activity (e.g. DAS181) should be evaluated in this patient population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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OKAMOTO, Koji. "Dynamic PIV (High-speed PIV)." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 109, no. 1054 (2006): 712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.109.1054_712.
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Nichols, W. Garrett, Lawrence Corey, Ted Gooley, Chris Davis, and Michael Boeckh. "Parainfluenza virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors, response to antiviral therapy, and effect on transplant outcome." Blood 98, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.3.573.
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Abstract Parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections may be significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation, but data regarding their impact on transplant-related mortality is limited. This study sought to determine the risk factors of PIV acquisition and progression to lower respiratory tract infection, their impact on transplant-related mortality, and the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. A total of 3577 recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 1990 and 1999 were studied. PIV infections occurred in 253 patients (7.1%); 78% of these infections were community acquired. Multivariable analysis identified the receipt of an unrelated transplant as the only risk factor for PIV acquisition; the dose of corticosteroids at the time of PIV infection acquisition was the primary factor associated with the development of PIV-3 pneumonia, both among allogeneic and autologous HSCT recipients. Both PIV-3 upper respiratory infection and pneumonia were associated with overall mortality. Pulmonary copathogens were isolated from 29 patients (53%) with pneumonia. Mortality was highly influenced by the presence of copathogens and the need for mechanical ventilation. Aerosolized ribavirin with or without intravenous immunoglobulin did not appear to alter mortality from PIV-3 pneumonia, nor did such therapy decrease the duration of viral shedding from the nasopharynx among patients with pneumonia. Corticosteroid administration thus drives the development of PIV pneumonia in a dose-dependent fashion, even among autologous HSCT recipients. Both upper and lower tract PIV infections are predictors of mortality after HSCT. Currently available antiviral therapy appears to be inadequate in reducing viral shedding or mortality once pneumonia is established.
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Goel, Dewansh, Anilawan Smitthimedhin, Bhupender Yadav, Ranjith Vellody, Meenal Lele, Elisabeth Meagher, Pavel Yarmolenko, and Karun V. Sharma. "Ultrasound-detected venous changes associated with peripheral intravenous placement in children." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): S44—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.8.s44.
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HIGHLIGHTS Ultrasound shows several venous changes in pediatric PIV-containing veins. Changes were visualized by ultrasound in the absence of physical exam findings. Venous luminal narrowing, wall thickening, and thrombosis may explain PIV failure. Background: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) are routinely used for venous access in hospitalized pediatric patients to administer fluids and medications and to aspirate blood. Unfortunately, PIVs do not remain functional for the entire duration of intravascular need. We hypothesized that PIV malfunction may be related to venous changes that can be visualized with ultrasound (US) imaging. The purpose of this study was to describe and document such changes in pediatric patients. Methods: This Institutional Review Board-approved study was performed at a tertiary pediatric medical center. Patients underwent US scans of their PIV-containing veins, documenting venous characteristics such as depth, diameter, wall thickness, blood flow, valves, branch points, and presence of thrombus. Patient demographics and PIV characteristics were also recorded. Results: Data from 30 patients including 12 males and 18 females with a mean age of 11 years were analyzed. Mean venous depth and diameter were 2.07 ± 0.13 and 2.02 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. Mean PIV dwell time at time of evaluation was 3.3 days. PIV-associated venous changes were seen in 73% of accessed veins and included lumen narrowing (47%), wall thickening (33%), presence of thrombus (20%), and absence of blood flow around the PIV tip (40%). Conclusion: PIV-associated venous changes are seen with US in the majority of pediatric patients with indwelling PIVs but are not necessarily appreciated on physical exam. These changes may help explain the high rate of pediatric PIV device failure. Given the small sample size, further investigation is needed to better characterize PIV-associated venous changes in children.
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Kanaley, Rebecca L., Cheryl Gillette, Jan Schriefer, Julie Albright Gottfried, and John Bramley. "Evaluation of the difficult intravenous access (DIVA) scoring in hospitalized pediatric patients." British Journal of Nursing 32, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): S18—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.32.2.s18.
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HIGHLIGHTS The DIVA scoring tool has previously been validated in the pediatric ED setting. Our project applied DIVA to an inpatient pediatric sample. DIVA may not predict likelihood of PIV success in the inpatient setting. Background: First-attempt success rate for placing pediatric peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters ranges from to 24% to 52%. Multiple attempts can increase risk of deleterious outcomes. It is essential to screen pediatric patients appropriately to identify those who will require additional resources for successful PIV placement. Methods: A convenience sample of hospitalized pediatric patients 0 to 18 years of age on a general care unit was used in this performance improvement project. Prior to attempting PIV access, nurses completed a data collection tool that included elements of established difficult intravenous access (DIVA) tools as well as first attempt successful PIV placement. The primary outcome measure was to determine if each DIVA scoring tool is accurate in predicting the need for additional resources to achieve successful first-attempt PIV placement. The secondary outcome measure was to compare the predictive value of each DIVA scoring tool among an inpatient pediatric population. Following data exploration and cleaning, a correlation analysis was performed with logistic regression to assess DIVA score effectiveness in predicting success of PIV insertion on the first attempt. Results: Out of 133 children, 167 PIV attempts were analyzed with 150 PIV attempts included in the final data analysis. Of the 150 PIV attempts analyzed, 60% (n=90) were successful on the first attempt. Performance of prediction for first-time insertion success was comparable among all 4 DIVA scoring tools. Conclusions: None of the 4 DIVA scoring tools were superior in predicting first-time PIV placement among hospitalized children. Vein palpability was more predictive, although not statistically significant.
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Lehners, Nicola, Joe Puthenparambil, Martin Schiller, Anthony D. Ho, Paul Schnitzler, and Gerlinde Egerer. "Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies or Following Stem Cell Transplantation: Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Nosocomial Transmission and Prolonged Viral Shedding." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3401.3401.
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Abstract Introduction: Parainfluenza virus (PIV) often causes self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in the immunocompetent host, but can result in severe and even life-threatening lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in patients with hematologic malignancies or following stem cell transplantation. In contrast to respiratory syncytial virus or seasonal influenza, PIV is transmitted all year round. Here we analyze clinical characteristics of PIV infection in immunocompromised patients, assess possible risk factors for severe infection and report on nosocomial transmission as well as prolonged viral shedding. Methods: From July 2013 to June 2016, 108 cases of PIV infection in patients with hematologic malignancies or following stem cell transplantation were identified at our institution. Diagnosis of PIV was done by PCR detection of viral RNA in respiratory materials (nasopharyngeal swabs or bronchoalveolar lavage). Clinical characteristics and outcome of infected patients were retrospectively evaluated. Nosocomial transmission was assumed in patients with detection of PIV ≥ 7 days after hospital admission. The impact of possible influence factors on morbidity and mortality was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. In patients with availability of consecutive tests for PIV, duration of viral shedding was assessed. Results: 108 patients were identified, 92 with PIV type 1/3, 16 with PIV type 2/4. Median age was 59 years [range 26-79], 64% were male. 75 patients had received a stem cell transplantation (36 allogeneic, 34 autologous, 5 both), 25 of them developed PIV infection before hematologic reconstitution. Nosocomial transmission was apparent in 44% of patients. Regarding outcome, 61 patients had URTI only, 47 patients (44%) developed a LRTI. A severe LRTI, defined as treatment on the intensive care unit and/or death, was present in 10 patients. Of these, 9 patients died, resulting in a mortality rate of PIV associated LRTI of 19%; 1 patient was put on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and subsequently recovered. Neither type of PIV, underlying hematologic disease or transplant status had a significant impact on outcome. Severe leukopenia (p=0.006), uncontrolled hematologic disease (p=0.007), presence of co-infections (p=0.001) and nosocomial transmission (p<0.001) were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing PIV related LRTI. Presence of respiratory co-infections was a significant risk factor for severe LRTI (p=0.004). Data on duration of viral shedding was available in 40 patients. Median duration of viral shedding was 14 days, but shedding of up to 79 days was observed. Significant risk factors for prolonged viral shedding were severe leukopenia (p=0.02), LRTI (p=0.002), and nosocomial transmission (p=0.007). While PIV infection had no impact on duration until hematologic reconstitution following transplantation, PIV infection prior to hematologic reconstitution following allogeneic transplantation was significantly associated with prolonged viral shedding (p=0.02). Conclusions: PIV infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies and following stem cell transplantation. Despite thorough hygienic measures, nosocomial transmission was observed in many cases and was associated with an increased risk of developing PIV related LRTI. Prolonged viral shedding of up to 79 days was detected, especially in patients with LRTI, which might facilitate nosocomial spread of PIV and should be taken into account in infection control management. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Buchner, John M., Anne E. Robertson, David J. Poynter, Shelby S. Denniston, and Anna C. Karls. "Piv Site-Specific Invertase Requires a DEDD Motif Analogous to the Catalytic Center of the RuvC Holliday Junction Resolvases." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 3431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.10.3431-3437.2005.
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ABSTRACT Piv, a unique prokaryotic site-specific DNA invertase, is related to transposases of the insertion elements from the IS110/IS492 family and shows no similarity to the site-specific recombinases of the tyrosine- or serine-recombinase families. Piv tertiary structure is predicted to include the RNase H-like fold that typically encompasses the catalytic site of the recombinases or nucleases of the retroviral integrase superfamily, including transposases and RuvC-like Holliday junction resolvases. Analogous to the DDE and DEDD catalytic motifs of transposases and RuvC, respectively, four Piv acidic residues D9, E59, D101, and D104 appear to be positioned appropriately within the RNase H fold to coordinate two divalent metal cations. This suggests mechanistic similarity between site-specific inversion mediated by Piv and transposition or endonucleolytic reactions catalyzed by enzymes of the retroviral integrase superfamily. The role of the DEDD motif in Piv catalytic activity was addressed using Piv variants that are substituted individually or multiply at these acidic residues and assaying for in vivo inversion, intermolecular recombination, and DNA binding activities. The results indicate that all four residues of the DEDD motif are required for Piv catalytic activity. The DEDD residues are not essential for inv recombination site recognition and binding, but this acidic tetrad does appear to contribute to the stability of Piv-inv interactions. On the basis of these results, a working model for Piv-mediated inversion that includes resolution of a Holliday junction is presented.
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Sobkowiak, M., M. Ples, W. Wolański, R. Wei, W. Majewski, and W. Kaspera. "Super-Resolution Study Of Wall Sheer Stress In Cerebral Aneurysm With AI PIV." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.154.
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Aneurysms are one of the most common unexplored causes of death. There are many studies conducted by scientists around the world on this issue. The main problem raised is the cause of aneurysms. Here, the division includes several branches, i.e. genetic conditions, lifestyle, eg. smoking, and finally hemodynamic factors of blood flow. It is well known that the aneurysm is formed and ruptured at the site of high wall shear stress (WSS). This paper presents the comparison of results of CFD blood flow simulations with experimental values obtained with the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method in a 3D model of a cerebral aneurysm. A 3D model of a cerebral aneurysm was developed using specific patient CT data. The hemodynamical parameters were analysed for different flow rates in a 3D model under pulsatile flow conditions. The CFD simulation was done using Ansys CFX software. Results of the simulation were validated with the experimental PIV method. Two different PIV methods were employed: traditional PIV based on cross-correlation (CC) algorithms and Artificial Intelligence PIV (AI PIV) based on Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks. The obtained results showed a better correlation between CFD simulation and types of PIV analysis for data of AI PIV, which allows for a much higher spatial resolution of the resulting velocity field. Analysis of the results was promising and showed that AI PIV could be used to get accurate results.
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O’Callaghan, Richard, Armando Caballero, Aihua Tang, and Michael Bierdeman. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis: Protease IV and PASP as Corneal Virulence Mediators." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090281.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of bacterial keratitis, especially in users of contact lenses. These infections are characterized by extensive degradation of the corneal tissue mediated by Pseudomonas protease activities, including both Pseudomonas protease IV (PIV) and the P. aeruginosa small protease (PASP). The virulence role of PIV was determined by the reduced virulence of a PIV-deficient mutant relative to its parent strain and the mutant after genetic complementation (rescue). Additionally, the non-ocular pathogen Pseudomonas putida acquired corneal virulence when it produced active PIV from a plasmid-borne piv gene. The virulence of PIV is not limited to the mammalian cornea, as evidenced by its destruction of respiratory surfactant proteins and the cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), the key inducer of anti-bacterial peptides. Furthermore, PIV contributes to the P. aeruginosa infection of both insects and plants. A possible limitation of PIV is its inefficient digestion of collagens; however, PASP, in addition to cleaving multiple soluble proteins, is able to efficiently cleave collagens. A PASP-deficient mutant lacks the corneal virulence of its parent or rescue strain evidencing its contribution to corneal damage, especially epithelial erosion. Pseudomonas-secreted proteases contribute importantly to infections of the cornea, mammalian lung, insects, and plants.
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Noumi, Masatoshi, and Yasuhiko Yamada. "Symmetries in the fourth Painlevé equation and Okamoto polynomials." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 153 (1999): 53–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000006899.
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AbstractThe fourth Painlevé equation PIV is known to have symmetry of the affine Weyl group of type with respect to the Bäcklund transformations. We introduce a new representation of PIV, called the symmetric form, by taking the three fundamental invariant divisors as the dependent variables. A complete description of the symmetry of PIV is given in terms of this representation. Through the symmetric form, it turns out that PIV is obtained as a similarity reduction of the 3-reduced modified KP hierarchy. It is proved in particular that the special polynomials for rational solutions PIV, called Okamoto polynomials, are expressible in terms of the 3-reduced Schur functions.
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Fairchok, Mary, Wei-Ju Chen, Deepika Mor, Christina Schofield, John Arnold, Patrick Danaher, Robert Deiss, et al. "Clinical Characteristics of Parainfluenza Virus Infection among Healthy Subjects with Influenza-like Illness." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.745.
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Abstract Background Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a chief cause of croup. Less is known about the role of PIV in causing influenza-like illness (ILI) among healthy adults and children. We evaluated clinical characteristics of PIV compared with influenza (flu) infection in healthy subjects diagnosed with ILI. Methods The Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium (ARIC) conducted an observational, longitudinal study of ILI at five US military treatment facilities from 2009 to 2016. Participants were otherwise healthy military members, retirees, and their dependents. Symptom data were captured prospectively on days 0, 3, and 7 by interview and patient diary. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected for etiologic determination by multiplex assay (Diatherix Laboratories, LLC.) Severity scores were calculated for upper respiratory, lower respiratory, GI, composite and systemic symptoms Results PIV did not account for a large proportion of ILI in our population with 43/961(4.7%) PIV+ vs. 153/961(15.9%) that were flu+. Age < 5 years was associated with increased detection of PIV (10% in <5 years vs. 3.2% in 5–65 years, P < 0.01). Additionally, on multivariable analysis, the presence of a child aged <5 years in the household was associated with an increased risk of PIV detection (OR = 2.58; 95% CI:1.39, 4.80). Sex, geographic location, year of detection, race/ethnicity, smoking status and obesity were all unrelated to PIV detection. Codetections occurred in 8/43 (18.6%) subjects, but codetected viruses did not show any specific pattern, with 5 different viruses found. When comparing demographic characteristics of ILI caused by flu vs. PIV, the only difference was that flu+ subjects were more often ≥5 years (P < 0.01). Comparing symptom profile and severity of adults with PIV + ILI vs. flu+, we found no differences in the presence or severity of 20 symptoms, nor in severity scores for each of the 5 categories. Rates of hospitalization, antibiotic use, or duration of illness were also indistinguishable. Conclusion This is one of a few studies to detail the clinical characteristics of PIV presenting as ILI in healthy subjects. PIV is more often detected in young children with ILI. Although PIV was detected 25% as often as flu, it had an indistinguishable clinical course from influenza associated ILI in adults. Disclosures L. Malone, diatherix: Employee, Salary. E. Grigorenko, Diatherix Laboratories: Employee, Salary. D. Stalons, Diatherix Laboratories: Employee, Salary.
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Polunin, Ruslan, Igor Evstifeev, Olivier Cador, Stéphane Golhen, Konstantin Gavrilenko, Anton Lytvynenko, Nikolay Efimov, et al. "Versatile Reactivity of MnII Complexes in Reactions with N-Donor Heterocycles: Metamorphosis of Labile Homometallic Pivalates vs. Assembling of Endurable Heterometallic Acetates." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041021.
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Reaction of 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen) with [Mn(Piv)2(EtOH)]n led to the formation of binuclear complexes [Mn2(Piv)4L2] (L = 2,2′-bipy (1), phen (2); Piv− is the anion of pivalic acid). Oxidation of 1 or 2 by air oxygen resulted in the formation of tetranuclear MnII/III complexes [Mn4O2(Piv)6L2] (L = 2,2′-bipy (3), phen (4)). The hexanuclear complex [Mn6(OH)2(Piv)10(pym)4] (5) was formed in the reaction of [Mn(Piv)2(EtOH)]n with pyrimidine (pym), while oxidation of 5 produced the coordination polymer [Mn6O2(Piv)10(pym)2]n (6). Use of pyrazine (pz) instead of pyrimidine led to the 2D-coordination polymer [Mn4(OH)(Piv)7(µ2-pz)2]n (7). Interaction of [Mn(Piv)2(EtOH)]n with FeCl3 resulted in the formation of the hexanuclear complex [MnII4FeIII2O2(Piv)10(MeCN)2(HPiv)2] (8). The reactions of [MnFe2O(OAc)6(H2O)3] with 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) or trans-1,2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) led to the formation of 1D-polymers [MnFe2O(OAc)6L2]n·2nDMF, where L = 4,4′-bipy (9·2DMF), bpe (10·2DMF) and [MnFe2O(OAc)6(bpe)(DMF)]n·3.5nDMF (11·3.5DMF). All complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Desolvation of 11·3.5DMF led to a collapse of the porous crystal lattice that was confirmed by PXRD and N2 sorption measurements, while alcohol adsorption led to porous structure restoration. Weak antiferromagnetic exchange was found in the case of binuclear MnII complexes (JMn-Mn = −1.03 cm−1 for 1 and 2). According to magnetic data analysis (JMn-Mn = −(2.69 ÷ 0.42) cm−1) and DFT calculations (JMn-Mn = −(6.9 ÷ 0.9) cm−1) weak antiferromagnetic coupling between MnII ions also occurred in the tetranuclear {Mn4(OH)(Piv)7} unit of the 2D polymer 7. In contrast, strong antiferromagnetic coupling was found in oxo-bridged trinuclear fragment {MnFe2O(OAc)6} in 11·3.5DMF (JFe-Fe = −57.8 cm−1, JFe-Mn = −20.12 cm−1).
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Becker, Patrice M., Wendy Buchanan, and J. T. Sylvester. "Protective effects of intravascular pressure and nitric oxide in ischemic lung injury." Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.3.803.
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Cessation of blood flow during ischemia will decrease both distending and shear forces exerted on endothelium and may worsen ischemic lung injury by decreasing production of nitric oxide (NO), which influences vascular barrier function. We hypothesized that increased intravascular pressure (Piv) during ventilated ischemia might maintain NO production by increasing endothelial stretch or shear forces, thereby attenuating ischemic lung injury. Injury was assessed by measuring the filtration coefficient ( Kf) and the osmotic reflection coefficient for albumin (ςalb) after 3 h of ventilated (95% O2-5% CO2; expiratory pressure 3 mmHg) ischemia. Lungs were flushed with physiological salt solution, and then Piv was adjusted to achieve High Piv (mean 6.7 ± 0.4 mmHg, n = 15) or Low Piv (mean 0.83 ± 0.4 mmHg, n = 10). NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 10−5M, n = 10), NG-nitro-d-arginine methyl ester (d-NAME; 10−5M, n = 11), orl-NAME (10−5M)+l-arginine (5 × 10−4M, n = 6) was added at the start of ischemia in three additional groups of lungs with High Piv. High Piv attenuated ischemic injury compared with Low Piv (ςalb0.67 ± 0.04 vs. 0.35 ± 0.04, P < 0.05). The protective effect of High Piv was abolished byl-NAME (ςalb0.37 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) but not byd-NAME (ςalb0.63 ± 0.07). The effects of l-NAME were overcome by an excess of l-arginine (ςalb0.56 ± 0.05, P < 0.05). Kfdid not differ significantly among groups. These results suggest that Piv modulates ischemia-induced barrier dysfunction in the lung, and these effects may be mediated by NO.
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Lutsenko, Irina A., Mikhail A. Kiskin, Konstantin A. Lysenko, Ekaterina M. Zueva, Nikolay N. Efimov, Elena A. Ugolkova, Yurii V. Maksimov, et al. "A new heterometallic pivalate {Fe8Cd} complex as an example of unusual “ferric wheel” molecular self-assembly." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 43 (2020): 15175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03142a.
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The interaction of the pivalate complexes of iron(iii), [Fe3O(Piv)6(H2O)3]·HPiv, and cadmium(ii), [Cd(Piv)2], in Et2O resulted in one more type of “ferric wheel” family complex, namely [Fe8(Piv)16{Cd(Piv)2}(μ-OH)8]·Et2O (1).
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Peck, Angela J., Janet A. Englund, Jane Kuypers, Katherine A. Guthrie, Lawrence Corey, Rhoda Morrow, Robert C. Hackman, Anne Cent, and Michael Boeckh. "Respiratory virus infection among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: evidence for asymptomatic parainfluenza virus infection." Blood 110, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 1681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-12-060343.
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AbstractThe incidence of respiratory virus infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has probably been underestimated with conventional testing methods in symptomatic patients. This prospective study assessed viral infection episodes by testing weekly respiratory samples collected from HCT recipients, with and without symptoms reported by questionnaire, for 100 days after HCT. Samples were tested by culture and direct fluorescent antibody testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and influenza A and B, and by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for RSV, PIV, influenza A and B, and metapneumovirus (MPV). Of 122 patients, 30 (25%) had 32 infection episodes caused by RSV (5), PIV (17), MPV (6), influenza (3), RSV, or influenza (1). PIV, with a cumulative incidence estimate of 17.9%, was the only virus for which asymptomatic infection was detected. Lower virus copy number in patients with no or one symptom compared with 2 or more symptoms was found for all viruses in all patients (P < .001), with PIV infection having a similar virus-specific comparison (P = .004). Subclinical infection with PIV may help explain why infection-control programs that emphasize symptoms are effective against RSV and influenza but often not against PIV.
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Yang, Bin, Yuan Wang, and Wen Bo He. "Application of Micro-PIV on the Microscale Flow and a Modified System Based on Ordinary 2-D PIV." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.657.
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This paper briefly presents the working principle of micro-PIV (Particle Imaging Velocimetry) and its development and application on the microscale flow. Compared with ordinary PIV, micro-PIV has much higher spatial resolution. In addition, the adoption of fluorescent tracer and filter lens could enable flow field near wall surface to be measured. In view of the ordinary 2-D PIVs have been widespread among the scientific research institution related on fluid flow, the way that an ordinary 2-D PIV was modified to enable measurement of microscale flow was discussed in the paper. The extra elements of microscope objective lens, relay mirror, filter lens and telescopic focusing barrel are necessary. Some experiment results of the flow in microscale channels have been introduced to verify the availability of the modified PIV system. It could be found from the experimental results that the modified PIV system could be feasible and reliable for measuring micro-scale flows.
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Waldburger, Jean-Marc, Simona Rossi, Georg A. Hollander, Hans-Reimer Rodewald, Walter Reith, and Hans Acha-Orbea. "Promoter IV of the class II transactivator gene is essential for positive selection of CD4+ T cells." Blood 101, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 3550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-06-1855.
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Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression is regulated by the transcriptional coactivator CIITA. Positive selection of CD4+ T cells is abrogated in mice lacking one of the promoters (pIV) of the Mhc2ta gene. This is entirely due to the absence of MHCII expression in thymic epithelia, as demonstrated by bone marrow transfer experiments between wild-type and pIV−/− mice. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are also MHCII− in pIV−/− mice. Bone marrow–derived, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) retain normal MHCII expression in pIV−/− mice, including those believed to mediate negative selection in the thymic medulla. Endogenous retroviruses thus retain their ability to sustain negative selection of the residual CD4+ thymocytes in pIV−/− mice. Interestingly, the passive acquisition of MHCII molecules by thymocytes is abrogated in pIV−/−mice. This identifies thymic epithelial cells as the source of this passive transfer. In peripheral lymphoid organs, the CD4+T-cell population of pIV−/− mice is quantitatively and qualitatively comparable to that of MHCII-deficient mice. It comprises a high proportion of CD1-restricted natural killer T cells, which results in a bias of the Vβ repertoire of the residual CD4+ T-cell population. We have also addressed the identity of the signal that sustains pIV expression in cortical epithelia. We found that the Jak/STAT pathways activated by the common γ chain (CD132) or common β chain (CDw131) cytokine receptors are not required for MHCII expression in thymic cortical epithelia.
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Miri, Pardis, Robert Flory, Andero Uusberg, Heather Culbertson, Richard H. Harvey, Agata Kelman, Davis Erik Peper, James J. Gross, Katherine Isbister, and Keith Marzullo. "PIV." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 27, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3365107.
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Qi, Zhongqiang, Yan Du, Junjie Yu, Rongsheng Zhang, Mina Yu, Huijuan Cao, Tianqiao Song, Xiayan Pan, Dong Liang, and Yongfeng Liu. "Molecular Detection and Analysis of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Main Varieties in Jiangsu Province, China." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010157.
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Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. Using resistant rice varieties is the most cost-effective way to control the disease, and it is crucial to analyze the resistance level and the resistance genes distribution of the main varieties. In this study, we collected 119 rice main varieties in Jiangsu province and evaluated the resistance to leaf and panicle blast and found that indica rice was more resistant to rice blast than japonica rice. Moreover, we detected the distribution of 14 resistance genes (R genes) in the 119 varieties. The distribution frequencies of three R genes, Pish, Pit, and Pia, were higher than 80%, and the Pigm had the lowest distribution frequency (1.68%), followed by Pi2 (15.18%) and Pi5, Piz-t (24.37%). Combined with the multiple stepwise regression and the resistance contribution rate, eight major R genes Pita, Pi5, Pi9, Pib, Pb1, Pikm, Piz-t, and Pi2 significantly affected the resistance of rice, and we also found that six gene combinations with 100% resistance contribution rate could effectively increase the resistance of rice varieties. In summary, monitoring the resistance level of rice varieties and analyzing their resistance genes were beneficial for rice resistance breeding.
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Özer, Özgün, and Mark Kenneth Quinn. "Progress towards a Miniaturised PIV System." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 8774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228774.
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Particle image velocimetry is an important optical flow diagnostic tool due to its capacity for investigating a whole flow field without introducing disturbances. However, a significant drawback of PIV methods is their requirement for optical access, making capturing data in closed cavities and confined spaces extremely challenging. A potential approach to overcome this difficulty is miniaturising the system and placing the optical components inside the model. Conventional cross-correlation PIV methods do not allow this due to the size of current PIV cameras. In this study, a miniaturised autocorrelation-based stereo PIV system, which is volumetrically 1.2% of the conventional PIV cameras, was developed and tested. The miniature system is compared with a conventional stereo PIV in wind tunnel experiments up to 16 m/s free stream velocity and a 1.6% velocity difference is observed in the boundary layer flow. Despite a comparatively slow measurement rate of 4.5 Hz, the miniature PIV system demonstrates the ability to measure inside confined spaces and cavities and the ability to be mounted on board models and vehicles. However, limitations remain around conducting measurements with large velocity ranges and with regions of reversed flow due to the challenge of resolving a velocity of 0 m/s.
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Yeh, Chia-Chi, Huang-Kai Kao, Yenlin Huang, Tsung-You Tsai, Chi-Kuang Young, Shao-Yu Hung, Chuieng-Yi Lu, and Kai-Ping Chang. "Discovering the Clinical and Prognostic Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Values on Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010322.
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A newly introduced pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) was not evaluated for its role in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, the PIV was calculated with the following equation (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count from the results of the automated hematology analyzers in 853 OSCC patients from 2005 to 2017. The optimal cutoff for the preoperative PIV was 268, as determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve. Significant differences were observed for alcohol consumption, smoking, pT status, pN status, overall pathological status, extranodal extension, cell differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion between higher and lower PIV patients (all p values < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier and univariate regression analyses indicated that higher PIV was associated with worse overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival (all p values < 0.001). Multivariate analyses adjusted by various factors further demonstrated that PIV was an independent prognostic factor for overall and distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.027, HR: 1.281 and p = 0.031, HR: 1.274, respectively). In conclusion, a higher PIV level was associated with poor clinicopathological factors in OSCC patients and could be used to predict poor posttreatment outcomes, especially for overall and distant metastasis-free survival.
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Geschwindner, C., K. Westrup, A. Dreizler, and B. Böhm. "Pulse Picking PIV: A Single-Cavity Fiber Laser System For Highly Flexible Repetition Rates And Pulsing Schemes." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.105.
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A novel single-cavity laser system with flexible pulsing schemes suitable for particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements is presented. The system is based on the concept of picking selected pulse pairs from an ultra-high repetition rate fiber laser which enables time-resolved and conventional dual-pulse PIV at highly flexible recording frame rates. Pulse picking PIV laser systems allow for the use of high-quality low speed dual-frame PIV cameras as well as highspeed cameras in both dual-frame and continuous recording modes, enabling the investigation of highly-transient phenomena at limited fields of view using time-resolved PIV as well as statistical PIV measurements with larger fields of view and higher spatial resolutions. The single-cavity output additionally avoids the alignment of laser beams of laser pulses, which is otherwise necessary in conventional dual-cavity PIV laser systems. Two pulse picking systems were set up and tested: An acousto-optic deflector selecting pulses using the diffraction across an acoustic wave and an electro-optic modulator rotating the polarization state of selected pulses in a Pockels cell. The performance of both systems was evaluated in terms of achievable inter-pulse durations, beam profile alterations, and pulse energy losses caused by the introduction of additional optical elements in the beam path.
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Fukumura, Masayuki, Junpei Ohtsuka, Tomomi Ohtsuka, Hideaki Nakajima, and Tetsuya Nosaka. "Abstract 3253: Novel gene & protein-carrying vector BC-PIV expressing immunomodulatory molecules potently stimulates anti-tumor immunity against solid tumors in mice." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3253.
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Abstract Background: Cancer immunotherapy such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as an effective therapeutic modality for some cancers such as hematological malignancies. However, they still show little efficacy for many solid tumors, because of their immune suppressive microenvironment. BC-PIV is a replication-deficient viral vector derived from human parainfluenza virus type 2, that can convey two ectopic genes simuoltaneously and uniquely display ectopic proteins with intact steric structure on the surface of viral particles. Furthermore, BC-PIV itself can induce maturation of dendritic cells with efficient induction of CD80/86. These unique characteristics of BC-PIV make it an attractive tool for improving anti-tumor responses under immunesuppressive milieu of solid tumors. Aim and Methods: To develop novel immunotherapy using BC-PIV, we have introduced various immunomodulatory molecules into BC-PIV and tested their anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. To activate CD4/8 positive T cells, we introduced genes for OX-40L, 4-1BBL, GITRL, CD30L, OX40L/4-1BBL, OX40L/GITRL, or 4-1BBL/GITRL (collectively, TNFRSF ligands) to BC-PIV. All gene products were effectively presented on BC-PIV envelope. For expansion of T, B, and NK cells, or for promoting migration of immune cells, genes for IL-7, CCL19, IL-7/CCL19, IL-7/CCL21, or IL-12 (P40/P35) were introduced. CT-26 murine colon cancer cells (5 × 105) were implanted into syngeneic Balb/c mice at one or both side(s) of their ventral wall. Approximately 107 viral particles derived from BC-PIV carrying immunomodulatory molecules were directly injected into tumors that had grown to 5-7mm in diameter, and the anti-tumor efficacy was assessed by monitoring the tumor size. Results: In the mice treated with BC-PIV carrying TNFRSF ligands, tumor regression was observed at the virus administered site, but also at the non-treated, distant site, possibly due to the Abscopal effect. Moreover, these mice maintained efficient anti-tumor responses and rejected tumors when they were re-challenged with CT-26 cells at 8 months after the initial BC-PIV treatment, showing that BC-PIV/TNFRSF ligands induced sustained anti-tumor immunity. In the BC-PIV/IL-7/CCL19-treated mice, the tumors began to shrink about six days after the single injection of the virus. This effect was even more enhanced by concurrent administration of anti-PD-1 antibody. Conclusions: BC-PIV carrying TNFRSF ligands, cytokines or chemokines induced efficient, sustained anti-tumor immunity and eradicated tumors in in vivo solid tumor model. Unique characteristics of BC-PIV, being able to deliver two genes simultaneously and to display ectopic proteins with intact steric structure on the viral surface, make this vector an attractive, novel platform for next generation cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Masayuki Fukumura, Junpei Ohtsuka, Tomomi Ohtsuka, Hideaki Nakajima, Tetsuya Nosaka. Novel gene & protein-carrying vector BC-PIV expressing immunomodulatory molecules potently stimulates anti-tumor immunity against solid tumors in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3253.
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Petrov, P. A., S. A. Nikolaevskii, D. S. Yambulatov, T. S. Sukhikh, A. A. Starikova, M. A. Kiskin, M. N. Sokolov, and I. L. Eremenko. "Heteroleptic Cobalt Complexes with Abnormally Coordinated N-Heterocyclic Carbene." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 49, no. 7 (July 2023): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070328423600274.
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Abstract The reaction of cobalt pivalate [Co(Piv)2]n and in situ generated N‑heterocyclic carbene IPrPh (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-ylidene) affords heteroligand complexes [Co2(Piv)4-(IPrPh)2] (I), [Co2(Piv)2.8(OtBu)1.2(IPrPh)2] (II), and [Co3(μ3-O)(Piv)4(IPrPh)2] (III). The structures of complexes II·C6H14 and III are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF files CCDC nos. 2216724 and 2216725, respectively). Exchange spin-spin interactions between the magnetic Со2+ ions in the synthesized compounds are estimated by quantum chemical calculations.
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Petrov, P. A., S. A. Nikolaevskii, D. S. Yambulatov, T. S. Sukhikh, A. A. Starikova, M. A. Kiskin, M. N. Sokolov, and I. L. Eremenko. "Heteroleptic Cobalt Complexes with Abnormally Coordinated N-Heterocyclic Carbene." Координационная химия 49, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0132344x22600527.
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The reaction of cobalt pivalate [Co(Piv)2]n and in situ generated N‑heterocyclic carbene IPrPh (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenylimidazol-4-ylidene) affords heteroligand complexes [Co2(Piv)4-(IPrPh)2] (I), [Co2(Piv)2.8(OtBu)1.2(IPrPh)2] (II), and [Co3(μ3-O)(Piv)4(IPrPh)2] (III). The structures of complexes II·C6H14 and III are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF files CCDC nos. 2216724 and 2216725, respectively). Exchange spin-spin interactions between the magnetic Со2+ ions in the synthesized compounds are estimated by quantum chemical calculations.
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Russo, Pierluigi, Giuseppe Palermo, Roberto Iacovelli, Mauro Ragonese, Chiara Ciccarese, Giuseppe Maioriello, Fabrizio Fantasia, et al. "Comparison of PIV and Other Immune Inflammation Markers of Oncological and Survival Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy." Cancers 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2024): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030651.
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Inflammation is widely acknowledged as a significant characteristic of cancer, playing a substantial function in both the initiation and advancement of cancers. In this research, we planned to compare pan-immune inflammation markers and other well-known markers (systemic immune inflammation index and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) to predict prognosis in individuals treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we focused on preoperative PIV, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in 193 individuals managed with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between January 2016 and November 2022. Multivariable logistic regression assessments were performed to assess the predictive capabilities of PIV, SII, and NLR for infiltration of lymph nodes (N), aggressive tumor stage (pT3/pT4), and any non-organ limited disease at the time of RC. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive impact of PIV on Relapse-free survival (RFS), Cancer-specific survival (CSS), and Overall survival (OS). Results: Our individuals were divided into high PIV and low PIV cohorts using the optimal cut-off value (340.96 × 109/L) based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for relapse-free survival. In multivariable preoperative logistic regression models, only SII and PIV correlated with the infiltration of lymph nodes, aggressive disease, and any non-organ confined disease. In multivariable Cox regression models considering presurgical clinicopathological variables, a higher PIV was associated with diminished RFS (p = 0.017) and OS (p = 0.029). In addition, in multivariable Cox regression models for postoperative outcomes, a high PIV correlated with both RFS (p = 0.034) and OS (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Our study suggests that PIV and SII are two very similar markers that may serve as independent and significant predictors of aggressive disease and worse survival impacts on individuals undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder neoplasm.
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Bushuev, Vladimir A., Natalia V. Gogoleva, Stanislav A. Nikolaevskii, Sergey V. Novichihin, Dmitriy S. Yambulatov, Mikhail A. Kiskin, and Igor L. Eremenko. "Coordination Polymer Based on a Triangular Carboxylate Core {Fe(μ3-O)(μ-O2CR)6} and an Aliphatic Diamine." Molecules 29, no. 9 (May 3, 2024): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092125.
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Interaction of the pre-organized complex of iron(II) trimethylacetate and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) [Fe2(piv)4(phen)2] (1) (piv = (Me)3CCO2−)) with 1,6-diaminohexane (dahx) in anhydrous acetonitrile yielded a 1D coordination polymer [Fe3O(piv)6(dahx)1.5]n (2) and an organic salt of pivalic acid (H2dahx)(piv)2 (3). The structure of the obtained compounds was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The phase purity of the complexes was determined by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. According to the single-crystal X-ray analysis, coordination polymer 2 is formed due to the binding of a triangular carboxylate core {Fe3(μ3-O)(μ-piv)6} with an aliphatic diamine ligand. Thermal behavior was investigated for compounds 1 and 2 in an argon atmosphere.
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Gulmez, Ahmet, Hatice Coskun, Tolga Koseci, Serdar Ata, Berna Bozkurt, and Timucin Cil. "Effect of Microsatellite Status and Pan-Immune-Inflammation Score on Pathological Response in Patients with Clinical Stage III Stomach Cancer Treated with Perioperative Chemotherapy." Medicina 59, no. 9 (September 8, 2023): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091625.
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Background and Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between microsatellite status (MSI) and pan-immune-inflammation score (PIV) in tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with clinical stage III gastric cancer (cStage III GC). Materials and Methods: Microsatellite instability (MSI) status was evaluated based on pathology preparations. Pan-immune-inflammation score (PIV) was obtained from pre-treatment blood tests. The relationship of both parameters with pathological complete response (pCR) was evaluated. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in this study. All the patients were stage III GC patients receiving perioperative treatment. There were 13 patients in total who achieved a pCR response. While CNS was detected in 11 of the patients who achieved a pCR, the MSI status of the other two patients was unknown. No pCR was observed in any patient with MSI-H. According to the cut-off value for PIV, 25 (24%) patients were in the PIV-low (≤53.9) group, while 79 (76%) were in the PIV-high (>53.9) group. Based on univariate analysis, a higher PIV was associated with worse outcomes for pathological response, disease recurrence, and survival (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with clinically stage III GC, the presence of MSI-H may predict no benefit from perioperative treatment. Conversely, a pre-treatment PIV score using specific cut-off values may provide a positive prediction of pathological response and survival.
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Zhu, Meikai, Yongheng Zhou, Zhifeng Liu, Zhiwen Jiang, Wenqiang Qi, Shouzhen Chen, Wenfu Wang, Benkang Shi, and Yaofeng Zhu. "Diagnostic Efficiency of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value to Predict Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prostate-Specific Antigen between 4 and 20 ng/mL." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030820.
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Introduction: To evaluate the predictive value of the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and other systemic inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), for prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) in patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value between 4 and 20 ng/mL. Patients and Methods: The clinical data of 319 eligible patients who underwent prostate biopsies in our hospital from August 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. CSPCa was defined as a “Gleason grade group of ≥2”. A univariable logistic regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze the association between the PIV, SII, MLR, and PCa/CSPCa. For the inflammatory indicators included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, we constructed models by combining the separate inflammatory indicator and other significant predictors and compared the area under the curve (AUC). A nomogram based on the PIV for PCa was developed. Results: We included 148 PCa patients (including 127 CSPCa patients) and 171 non-PCa patients in total. The patients with PCa were older, had higher MLR, SII, PIV, and total PSA (TPSA) values, consumed more alcohol, and had lower free/total PSA (f/T) values than the other patients. Compared with the non-CSPCa group, the CSPCa group had higher BMI, MLR, PIV, TPSA values, consumed more alcohol, and had lower f/T values. The univariable regression analysis showed that drinking history, higher MLR, PIV, and TPSA values, and lower f/T values were independent predictors of PCa and CSPCa. The AUC of the PIV in the multivariable logistic regression model was higher than those of the MLR and SII. In addition, the diagnostic value of the PIV + PSA for PCa was better than the PSA value. However, the diagnostic value for CSPCa was not significantly different from that of using PSA alone, while the AUC of the PIV + PSA was higher than the individual indicator of the PSA value. Conclusions: Our study suggests that for the patients who were diagnosed with PSA values between 4 and 20 ng/mL, the PIV and MLR are potential indicators for predicting PCa and CSPCa. In addition, our study indicates that the new inflammatory index PIV has clinical value in the diagnosis of PCa and CSPCa.
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Ajitomi, Atsushi, Mohanmad Ashik Iqbal Khan, Thi Nhai Nguyen, Thi Oanh Nguyen, and Yoshimichi Fukuta. "Pathogenicity of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) Isolates from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa, in Southern Japan." Plant Health Progress, March 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-07-22-0063-rs.
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Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a major crop, and blast ( Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) has been the most serious disease in Japan. Ninety-seven rice blast isolates were collected from the Ryukyu Archipelago, including Okinawa Main Island (OK) and Yaeyama Islands (YA), in Japan's southern region. The pathogenicities of blast isolates were clarified by an inoculation test based on the resistance reaction patterns to differential varieties (DVs) and a susceptible control, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH). Virulent isolates occurred with high frequencies to LTH and DVs for Pish, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pik-s, and Pi19(t). The DVs for Pib, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pita-2 (two lines), Pil2(t), and Pi20(t) had low frequencies, and those for Pit, Pi5(t), and Pita (two lines) had intermediate frequencies. These isolates were classified into two groups (I and II) based on the reaction patterns to DVs by cluster analysis. The virulence of the blast isolates from cluster II against DVs for Pit, Pi5(t), Pita (two lines), and Pi20(t) was much greater than that of those in cluster I. Cluster I blast isolates were distributed dominantly in OK, and those of cluster II were in YA. This is the first report on the distribution of blast races in the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan. This information will be useful for developing sustainable protection systems and rice breeding against blast disease.
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Chrzan, Robert, Barbara Wizner, Wojciech Sydor, Wiktoria Wojciechowska, Tadeusz Popiela, Monika Bociąga-Jasik, Agnieszka Olszanecka, and Magdalena Strach. "Artificial intelligence guided HRCT assessment predicts the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia based on clinical parameters." BMC Infectious Diseases 23, no. 1 (May 10, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08303-y.
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Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to compare the results of AI (artificial intelligence) analysis of the extent of pulmonary lesions on HRCT (high resolution computed tomography) images in COVID-19 pneumonia, with clinical data including laboratory markers of inflammation, to verify whether AI HRCT assessment can predict the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods The analyzed group consisted of 388 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, with automatically analyzed HRCT parameters of volume: AIV (absolute inflammation), AGV (absolute ground glass), ACV (absolute consolidation), PIV (percentage inflammation), PGV (percentage ground glass), PCV (percentage consolidation). Clinical data included: age, sex, admission parameters: respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, CRP (C-reactive protein), IL6 (interleukin 6), IG - immature granulocytes, WBC (white blood count), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, serum ferritin, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), NIH (National Institute of Health) severity score; parameters of clinical course: in-hospital death, transfer to the ICU (intensive care unit), length of hospital stay. Results The highest correlation coefficients were found for PGV, PIV, with LDH (respectively 0.65, 0.64); PIV, PGV, with oxygen saturation (respectively − 0.53, -0.52); AIV, AGV, with CRP (respectively 0.48, 0.46); AGV, AIV, with ferritin (respectively 0.46, 0.45). Patients with critical pneumonia had significantly lower oxygen saturation, and higher levels of immune-inflammatory biomarkers on admission. The radiological parameters of lung involvement proved to be strong predictors of transfer to the ICU (in particular, PGV ≥ cut-off point 29% with Odds Ratio (OR): 7.53) and in-hospital death (in particular: AIV ≥ cut-off point 831 cm3 with OR: 4.31). Conclusions Automatic analysis of HRCT images by AI may be a valuable method for predicting the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. The radiological parameters of lung involvement correlate with laboratory markers of inflammation, and are strong predictors of transfer to the ICU and in-hospital death from COVID-19. Trial registration National Center for Research and Development CRACoV-HHS project, contract number SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE/18/2020.
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"Performance Test on 2-Dimensional PIV and 3-Dimensional PIV Using Standard Images." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 28, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2004.28.11.1315.
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