Academic literature on the topic 'Pittosporum undulatum'

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Journal articles on the topic "Pittosporum undulatum"

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Gil, Artur, Qian Yu, Mohamed Abadi, and Helena Calado. "Using aster multispectral imagery for mapping woody invasive species in pico da vara natural reserve (Azores Islands, Portugal)." Revista Árvore 38, no. 3 (June 2014): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622014000300001.

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This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of ASTER imagery to support the mapping of Pittosporum undulatum, an invasive woody species, in Pico da Vara Natural Reserve (S. Miguel Island, Archipelago of the Azores, Portugal). This assessment was done by applying K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood (MLC) pixel-based supervised classifications to 4 different geographic and remote sensing datasets constituted by the Visible, Near-Infrared (VNIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) of the ASTER sensor and by digital cartography associated to orography (altitude and "distance to water streams") of which the spatial distribution of Pittosporum undulatum directly depends. Overall, most performed classifications showed a strong agreement and high accuracy. At targeted species level, the two higher classification accuracies were obtained when applying MLC and KNN to the VNIR bands coupled with auxiliary geographic information use. Results improved significantly by including ecology and occurrence information of species (altitude and distance to water streams) in the classification scheme. These results show that the use of ASTER sensor VNIR spectral bands, when coupled to relevant ancillary GIS data, can constitute an effective and low cost approach for the evaluation and continuous assessment of Pittosporum undulatum woodland propagation and distribution within Protected Areas of the Azores Islands.
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Marsaro Junior, Alberto L., Antônio R. Panizzi, Ândrea C. Sagiorato, and Tiago Lucini. "The invasive plant Pittosporum undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae) hosting pest-stink bugs in Southern Brazil." Entomological Communications 2 (October 5, 2020): ec02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec02025.

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A survey of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was conducted on the invasive tree, Pittosporum undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae) in southern Brazil (Passo Fundo – RS, latitude 28º15’46” S; longitude 52°24´24” W) aiming to know if this exotic plant might host these insects. Results indicated that P. undulatum was found hosting the stink bugs Chinavia erythrocnemis (Berg, 1878), Chinavia impicticornis (Stål, 1872) and Loxa deducta Walker, 1867. Chinavia impicticornis was rare (only one nymph collected) while C. erythrocnemis was much more abundant (30 adults collected), and nymphs were able to develop and adult to reproduce on fruits of P. undulatum in the laboratory; however, the viability of nymphs was negatively affected. Loxa deducta was intermediate (20 adults collected) and, from the only egg mass obtained in the laboratory, nymphs died few days later. The results suggest that P. undulatum may provide some nutrients and shelter, but not provide ideal conditions to guarantee the continuous development of these stink bugs species.
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Prasad, Ashika A., Seona Casonato, Natalia Cripps-Guazzone, and Eirian Jones. "Evaluation of different methods for isolating Phytophthora spp. from a Canterbury waterway." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (July 30, 2018): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.211.

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Phytophthora spp. pose a risk to New Zealand’s managed and natural ecosystems. As Phytophthora spp. are well adapted to aquatic environments, water surveillance can be used to identify their distribution. Seven bait species (Rhododendron arborescens, Pittosporum undulatum, Banksia attenuata, Camellia japonica, Pittosporum eugenioides, Pinus radiata, and Cedrus deodara) were evaluated for Phytophthora spp. isolation. Water was collected from 2 sites in the Suckling river (Tai Tapu) and half was membrane-filtered (3-μm pore size) to capture spores. Leaf baits were floated directly on unfiltered water at room temperature in the laboratory for 7 days. Baits were also placed in nylon-mesh bags and floated in the Suckling river sites (in situ) for 7 days. Leaf lesions and membrane filters were cultured on Phytophthora spp. selective media. Eighty-six Phytophthora spp. isolates representing 5 colony morphotypes were recovered, 6 (3 morphotypes) from membrane filters, 25 (4 morphotypes) from baits on collected river water, and 55 (5 morphotypes) from in situ baits. The highest numbers of isolates were recovered from R. arborescens (50.6%; 4 morphotypes), Pinus radiata (17.2%; 3 morphotypes) and Pittosporum undulatum (12.6%; 2 morphotypes). In situ baiting using Rhododendron arborescens and Pinus radiata was the most effective method of isolating Phytophthora species.
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Negrelle, Raquel Rejane Bonato, Erica Costa Mielke, Francine Lorena Cuquel, and Edwin Ernesto Pulido. "Pittosporum undulatum Vent.: subsidies to the control and management." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i4.1457.

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Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) is considered an ornamental species with high invasive potential, due to its strong adaptation capacity to colonize different habitats. Aiming to support controlling management actions, a review of its botanical, ecological, ethnobotanical and silvicultural aspects are presented. Control programs should include this type of information to ensure that the limited resources devoted to this issue will be efficiently allocated. It is important to address holistically the causes of the invasion, particularly the role of the original structure and functional changes imposed on ecosystems and their processes, since colonization by invasive species.
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Rose, Stefan, and Peter G. Fairweather. "Changes in Floristic Composition of Urban Bushland Invaded by Pittosporum undulatum in Northern Sydney, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 45, no. 1 (1997): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt95058.

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Differences in species composition of urban bushland sites that had been subjected to increasing degradation and progressive invasion of Pittosporum undulatum Vent. were assessed using nonparametric multivariate and other statistical techniques. Increasing suburb age was found to significantly affect community pattern as a whole, specifically through increased proportions of exotic species, decreased native species richness and sustained shifts in the relative importance of individual species. Older suburbs were typified by species that were mesic, fire-sensitive, shade-tolerant and adapted to relatively moist, nutrient-rich edaphic conditions. These species included P. undulatum and many invasive exotics. Many native species decreased substantially in rank importance with increasing suburb age, to the point of elimination in older suburbs. These included one vulnerable taxon (Tetratheca glandulosa Sm.). Overall community pattern was correlated with abundance of P. undulatum, fire and human disturbance. Relative cover of P. undulatum was found to be significantly correlated with increased proportions of exotic species and reduced native species richness and diversity. While most exotic species were concentrated within 30 m of the suburban edge, it is suggested that most management effort should be directed at those exotic species that commonly establish throughout bushland remnants. The study also provided an opportunity to test the application of the multivariate software package PRIMER in assessing environmental impact on vegetation communities.
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Longui, Eduardo Luiz, Diego Romeiro, Morgana Tramontini da Silva, Ariane Ribeiro, Tatiana Cestini Gouveia, Israel Luiz de Lima, and Sandra Monteiro Borges Florsheim. "Caracterização do lenho e variação radial de Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (pau-incenso)." Hoehnea 38, no. 1 (March 2011): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2236-89062011000100004.

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Estudou-se o lenho de Pittosporum undulatum do Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren, objetivando-se sua caracterização, investigar a variação radial da anatomia e densidade básica, suas correlações e discutir os resultados em um contexto ecológico. Empregaram-se as metodologias usuais para anatomia e densidade da madeira. As características anatômicas corroboram com o descrito para o gênero, ressalta-se a presença de camadas de crescimento, não mencionada na literatura. O diâmetro das fibras não apresentou variação radial, as demais características anatômicas, além da densidade básica e índices de vulnerabilidade, mesomorfia e agrupamento aumentaram na direção da casca. Houve relação positiva entre a densidade básica e a espessura da parede das fibras. A análise ecológica do lenho indicou, para P. undulatum, maior investimento na segurança do xilema do que na eficiência com relação ao transporte de água, uma vez que os valores dos índices ecológicos relacionam-se com plantas adaptadas a condições de menor disponibilidade hídrica.
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Mendes, Sofia A. C., Tayyab A. Mansoor, Ana Rodrigues, Jácome Bruges Armas, and Maria-José U. Ferreira. "Anti-inflammatory guaiane-type sesquiterpenes from the fruits of Pittosporum undulatum." Phytochemistry 95 (November 2013): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.019.

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Borges Silva, L., A. Teixeira, M. Alves, R. B. Elias, and L. Silva. "Tree age determination in the widespread woody plant invader Pittosporum undulatum." Forest Ecology and Management 400 (September 2017): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.027.

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Medeiros, Rosane Tamara da Silva, Edlayne Gonçalez, Roberto Carlos Felicio, and Joana D'arc Felicio. "Evaluation of antifungal activity of Pittosporum undulatum L. essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, no. 1 (February 2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000100008.

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The presence of mycotoxins as a result of fungal attack can occur before, after and during the harvest and storage operations on agricultural crops and food commodities. Considering the inhibitory property of essential plant oils on the mycelial development of fungi and the importance of Aspergillus flavus, the main producer of aflatoxins, this research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of essential oil from Pittosporum undulatum against A. flavus. The essential oils were obtained from P. undulatum leaves, collected in different months and analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were rich in hydrocarbon, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and it was observed a significant variation on the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves at different months. Besides, the essential oils were tested against fungal growth and the results showed different spectrum of inhibition on A. flavus. However, the essential oils inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production.
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Rose, Stefan. "Integrating management of Pittosporum undulatum with other environmental weeds in Sydney's urban bushland." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 4 (1997): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980350.

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Natural bushland is a dwindling resource in the Sydney Metropolitan Area, not only because of direct clearing, but also because uncontrolled impacts from surrounding development have caused increasing degradation over time. Community change has been characterized by invasions of environmental weeds, and consequent displacement of many indigenous species. A few locally native species, Pittosporum undulatum in particular, have emerged as environmental weeds. Invasion of new habitats within a species' natural geographic range must be recognized, since their impact on natural communities can be as serious as that of the worst exotic invaders. Factors implicated as the immediate cause of environmental weed invasions include increased human-induced dispersal by birds, anthropogenic disturbance, suppression of fire and increased moisture and nutrients. Management of plant invasions often includes mitigation to reduce impacts of the immediate causes. Strategies to maximize the success of mitigation by identifying and ameliorating the factors which impact bushland from remote sources are discussed. Practical recommendations for restoration of degraded sites are given. Native weeds such as P. undulatum require specialized treatment within an integrated environmental weed management strategy. It is stressed that application of the best management strategies available will be wasted if more fundamental issues related to current planning practices are ignored. Uncoordinated and ad hoc decisions are continuing to reduce urban bushland to mere remnants with high edge-to-interior ratios. Only when these practices are recognized and addressed can long-term success in the treatment of environmental weed invasions be achieved by the many excellent restoration techniques being developed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pittosporum undulatum"

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Carpanezzi, Fernando Bertol. "Investigação do potencial alelopático de Pittosporum undulatum Vent." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1948.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2411.pdf: 1852790 bytes, checksum: 59e732f774f4acfec1f2c3148f4d6104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-26
Pittosporum undulatum Vent., an Australian tree implicated in supression of tree recruiment in many ecosystems, is found invading secondary Araucaria forests in subtropical Brazil. The first chapter of this study aimed to investigate the role of allelopathy in the invasive proccess, accessing germination and growth of Bauhinia forficata Link. in presence of secondary metabolites from cheesewood leaves. Leachates in concentrations of 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% (w/v), extracts from dry material (10%; 7,5%; 5% and 2,5%) and coumarin solutions (2,5 mM; 1,25 mM; 0,625 mM and 0,3125 mM) were prepared. Petri-dishes germination bioassays, with countings done at each 12 hours, allowed to determinate both germinabilty and germination rate; polyethylene glicol (PEG 6000) solutions were used to evaluate osmotic effects. For seedlings growth, the three highest concentrations of each solution were tested and after seven days root and shoot lenght were measured. While germinability was only sensitive to extracts from dry material, the germination rate showed a dose-dependent curve for all solutions. In seedlings, roots were the most sensitive structure and severe morfo-anatomic anomalies were observed. The main purpose of the second chapter was to investigate the use of Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (cheesewood) leaves as a possible sustainable alternative for barnyard grass control. Leachates in concentrations of 20%; 15%; 10%; 5% and 2,5% (w/v), aqueous extracts from powdered leachated and non- eachated leaves (10%; 7,5%; 5%; 2,5% and 1,25%), coumarin solutions (2,5 mM; 1,25 mM; 0,625 mM and 0,3125 mM) and Roundup Original® according to label informations were prepared. Polyethylene glycol were also used. Both germinability and germination rate were determined by germination biossays, with countings done at each 12 hours. In growth experiments, seedlings were exposed for seven days, when root and shoot length were measured. All solutions, with exception of coumarins, caused only small inhibitory effects on germination. In relation to the growth, all treatments but control caused necrose, absence of hairs and dose-dependent lenght reduction in radicles. Hipocotiles were affected by phenolic compound, extracts from non-leachated leaves and gliphosate. Although the allelopathic effects, ecophisiological aspects relative to Pittosporum undulatum still need to be cleared before its leaves can be used as a herbicide.
A árvore australiana Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (Pittosporaceae) é encontrada diminuindo o recrutamento de espécies nativas em formações secundárias de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no sul do Brasil. O objetivo do primeiro capítulo desse estudo foi verificar a ação alelopática da espécie no processo invasivo, investigando a sensibilidade de sementes e plântulas de Bauhinia forficata Link. (pata-de-vaca) à compostos foliares de pau-incenso. Foram preparados extratos aquosos lixiviados nas concentrações de 20%, 15%, 10% e 5% (m/v), extratos aquosos obtidos do pó de folhas lixiviadas (10%; 7,5%; 5% e 2,5% ) e soluções de cumarina a 2,5 mM; 1,25 mM; 0,625 mM e 0,3125 mM. Bioensaios em placas de Petri, com contagens realizadas a cada 12 horas, permitiram determinar a germinabilidade e velocidade de germinação; soluções de polietileno glicol (PEG 6000) foram preparadas para analisar os efeitos osmóticos. Nos bioensaios de crescimento, utilizaram-se as três concentrações mais elevadas de cada solução, sendo, após sete dias, medidos o comprimento radicular e de parte aérea. Enquanto a germinabilidade mostrou-se sensível apenas aos extratos de pó de folhas, a velocidade de germinação apresentou resposta dose-dependente para todas as soluções testadas. Quanto ao crescimento, a radícula foi a estrutura mais sensível aos efeitos alelopáticos, sendo observadas alterações morfo-anatômicas. No segundo capitulo, objetivou-se investigar o uso de material foliar de pau-incenso como alternativa ao manejo do capim-arroz, uma gramínea resistente a herbicidas que traz problemas a plantações de arroz e à biodiversidade de planícies úmidas em todo o mundo. Foram preparados extratos aquosos foliares lixiviados nas concentrações de 20%; 15%; 10%; 5% e 2,5% (m/v), extratos aquosos obtidos do pó de folhas lixiviadas e não-lixiviadas (10%; 7,5%; 5%; 2,5% e 1,25%), soluções de cumarina a 5mM; 2,5 mM; 1,25 mM; 0,625 mM e 0,3125 mM e solução de Roundup® Original seguindo as recomendações do fabricante. Soluções de PEG também foram utilizadas. Para bioensaios de germinação, as contagens foram realizadas a cada 12 horas, sendo determinadas as porcentagens e velocidades germinativas; para o crescimento, plântulas de sete dias submetidas aos compostos tiveram medidos seus comprimentos de radícula e parte aérea. A germinação, apesar de fortemente inibida pela cumarina, foi pouco sensível às demais soluções. Quanto ao crescimento, as radículas analisadas apresentaram necrose, ausência de pêlos e redução dose-dependente do comprimento para todos os tratamentos com exceção do controle. Os hipocótilos foram afetados pelo composto fenólico, glifosato e extratos aquosos de folhas não-lixiviadas. Apesar da ação alelopática, aspectos ecofisiológicos relativos ao pau-incenso ainda devem ser esclarecidos para que suas folhas possam ser usadas como herbicida.
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Mullett, Trudi, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The ecology of Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (Puttosporaceae) an environmental weed in south east Australia." Deakin University. School of Ecology, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050615.150347.

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Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (Sweet Pittosporum) is a densely foliaged tall shrub or small tree, native to the wet forests of south east Australia, This species now functions as a serious environmental weed in a range of habitats in Australia and on other continents and islands throughout the temperate, sub-tropical and tropical zones. This study investigated some of the ecological causes and consequences of P. undulatum invasion across a range of habitat types in south east Australia. Key aspects of P. undulatum biology and ecology investigated in the current study include; patterns of morphological variation across the range of habitats occupied (as a measure of the species’ plasticity), dispersal ecology and seed germinability, population structure and spatial pattern, community relationships and the ecological impacts of invasion. Phenotypic plasticity is considerable in P. undulatum. No clear patterns of geographic variation emerged from a study of leaf morphological attributes across the current range of this species on mainland south east Australia. The pattern of morphological variation is particularly complex in Victoria, where the invasion of this species is most advanced. The species’ adaptability to a range of environments and environmental conditions will likely promote further range expansion. The abundant winter fruit crop produced by functionally female P. undulatum plants attracts a suite of generalist opportunistic frugivores, which feed on P. undulatum fruits and seeds at various stages of fruit dehiscence, thereby enhancing dispersal opportunities for this species. P. undulatum seed collected from natural and invasive populations, at two stages of fruit maturity and from the scats and pellets of dispersal agents, displayed high germinability. European Blackbirds and Pied Currawongs are implicated as the main avian dispersal agents of P undulatum in south east Australia. The broader ecological implications of developing relationships between invasive fleshy-fruited bird-dispersed plant species and adaptive frugivores are likely to be considerable. The distribution of P. undulatutn seedlings was significantly negatively correlated with adult conspecifics and significantly positively correlated with trees and shrubs of other genera. This pattern reflects the importance of both firugivorous dispersal agents and the species’ germination and establishment requirements, in shaping the contagious distribution pattern typical of this species. These analyses suggest that recruitment opportunities for conspecific seedlings are limited beneath the canopy of adult conspecifics. Densities of P. undulatum were on average, 2.7 times higher in invaded populations, compared to the natural populations sampled. A male-bias was evident in all populations and no relationships between reproductive activity and the density of seedlings and juveniles were evident. Invading populations of P. undulatum impose substantial changes on ecosystem-level properties and functions. Mean species richness and cover-abundance declined notably once P. undulatum cover-abundance exceeded 20% at the invaded sites and 60% at the natural sites sampled. The natural communities sampled displayed comparatively greater resilience to the competitive effects of P. undulatum, but community attributes were affected at high densities and cover-abundance of this species. The cover-abundance of herbs and grasses declined most substantially with increasing P. undulatum at invaded sites, whereas, at the natural sites sampled, the species’ structural analogues appeared to be most affected by increasing P. undulatum cover-abundance. This study has demonstrated that the ecological consequences of P. undulatum population expansion are substantial and contribute to changes in the composition and successional trajectory of affected communities. These processes ultimately lead to the loss and simplification of biodiversity values and the homogenisation of affected habitats. P. undulatum has the potential to emerge as one of south east Australia's most serious environmental weed species.
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Santos, Linda Marques dos. "Avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano e anti-oxidante de extratos de Pittosporum undulatum e Eryngium pandanifolium." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14126.

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Mestrado em Microbiologia
Os produtos secundários do metabolismo das plantas têm recebido atenção crescente da comunidade científica pelo seu potencial como compostos bioativos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação dos efeitos biológicos antibacterianos e anti-oxidantes de extratos de duas plantas consideradas como invasoras em Portugal: Pittosporum undulatum e Eryngium pandanifolium. Extratos obtidos com diferentes solventes foram sujeitos a caraterização fitoquímica tendo sido detetados compostos fenólicos, flavonóides, saponinas e taninos, entre outros compostos. Efetuou-se ainda a avaliação do efeito antibacteriano e anti-oxidante dos extratos. Nenhuma das estirpes bacterianas testadas apresentou inibição de crescimento por exposição aos extratos das plantas. No entanto, foi detetada atividade anti-oxidante em ambos os extratos, particularmente significativa nos extratos de P. undulatum. Os resultados indicam que as duas plantas infestantes incluídas neste estudo podem ter interesse como fonte de compostos bioativos para aplicações alimentares ou farmacêuticas.
Secondary products of plant metabolism have received increasing attention from the scientific community for its potential as bioactive compounds. This study was designed to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant biological effects of extracts of two plants considered invasive in Portugal: Pittosporum undulatum and Eryngium pandanifolium. Plant extracts obtained with different solvents were subjected to phytochemical characterization having been detected phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, amongst other compounds. The evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant effect of the extracts was also conducted. None of the tested bacterial strains showed growth inhibition by exposure to extracts of plants. However, antioxidant activity was detected in both extracts, particularly high in extracts of P. undulatum. The results indicate the two plant species tested in this study may be of interest as a source of bioactive compounds for food or pharmaceutical applications.
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Mendes, Sofia Alexandra Carreiro. "Study of the anti-inflamatory and antitumoral activities of the fruits of Pittosporum undulatum Vent." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/11232.

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Tese de mestrado, Química Farmacêutica e Terapêutica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2012
The main objective of this dissertation was to search for new anti-inflammatory compounds from Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporacea) fruits, contributing, in this way, to the scientific validation of their use in the traditional medicine of Azores archipelago. In order to achieve this goal, the fruits of Pittosporum undulatum, collected in Terceira Island, were extracted with methanol, and the residue was successively partitioned with nhexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The methanol extract and the resulting fractions were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity. The antiinflammatory assay was carried out by determining the IC50 values of samples for the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The evaluation of the cytotoxic effect was performed in the same cell line. The highest anti-inflammatory activity and lowest cytotoxic effect were found for the ethyl acetate and the n-hexane factions, which were selected for further studies. Fractionation of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble factions was performed by using different chromatographic techniques (column, preparative thin layer, flash and high resolution liquid chromatography), which led to the isolation of two new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, undulatumoside A [guaia-4-en-11-(4’-angeloxy)-6-deoxyglucopyranoside] and undulatumoside B [guaia-1-en-11-(4’-angeloxy)-6’-deoxyglucopyranoside], along with two other know guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, 5-guaien-11-ol and 4-guaien-11-ol. A cadinane-type sesquiterpene, 7-hydroxycalamenene, a steroid, b-sitosterol and the phenolic compounds eugenol and p-anisaldehyde were also isolated. The chemical structures of the compounds were deduced trough the analysis of their physical and spectroscopic data (IR, EIMS, 1H and 13CNMR, DEPT and 2D NMR experiments COSY, HSQC, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY). The sesquiterpenes with the guaiane scaffold were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities as referred above. The most significant anti-inflammatory activity was obtained for the new compound, undulatumoside A, which displayed an IC50 value of 16.4 mM, comparable to that found for the positive control indomethacin (IC50 = 18.2 mM), and no cytotoxic effect. Undulatumoside B, an isomeric compound of the latter, was also not cytotoxic in LPS activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line but exhibited a lower antiinflammatory effect (IC50 = 73.1 mM). It should be noted, that both know compounds, 5-guaien-11-ol and its isomer 4-guaien-11-ol, presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity, exhibiting IC50 values of 8.1 and 7.2 mM, respectively, which were lower than that of indomethacin. However, they were cytotoxic at concentration ≥ 50 mg/ml. In addition, the guaiane-type sesquiterpenes and the initial crude fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) were further evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity. This assay was performed in two human cancer cell lines, the lung large cell carcinoma COR-L23 and the amelanotic melanoma C32 cells, using as positive control vinblastine. All the fractions presented very similar anti-proliferative profile in both cell lines. The n-hexane and dichloromethane were the fractions with the highest inhibition growth effect with IC50 @ 16 mg/ml in the COR-L23 cells and IC50 @ 22 mg/ml in the C32 cells. The n-butanol fraction displayed a week activity (IC50 = 63.3 and 64.4 mg/ml, respectively) and the ethyl acetate fraction showed the lowest effect, having in COR-L23 cells a IC50 = 142.9 mg/ml and not displaying any activity in the C32 cell line. The results obtained for the tested compounds revealed that none of them presented, at the highest concentration studied (16 mg/ml), any antiproliferative effect in both tumoral cell lines.
O objetivo principal desta dissertação foi o isolamento de novos compostos com atividade antiinflamatória a partir dos frutos de Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporacea), contribuindo deste modo para a validação científica da sua utilização na medicina tradicional do arquipélago dos Açores. De modo a atingir os objetivos propostos, os frutos, colhidos na Ilha Terceira, foram extraídos com metanol cujo resíduo foi sucessivamente fracionado com n-hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo e n-butanol. Seguidamente, foram avaliadas, in vitro, a atividade anti-inflamatória e a citotoxicidade do extrato metanólico e das fações resultantes. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada através da determinação dos valores de IC50 na inibição da produção de monóxido de azoto (NO) por uma linha celular de macrófagos de murganho (RAW 264.7), ativada pela presença de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). O efeito citotóxico foi também avaliado nesta linha celular. As frações de n-hexano e de acetato de etilo, que demonstraram elevada atividade anti-inflamatória e baixa citotoxicidade, foram selecionadas para continuar o estudo fitoquímico. Do fracionamento das frações de n-hexano e de acetato de etilo, através de diferentes técnicas cromatográficas (cromatografia em coluna, preparativa em camada fina, flash e de alta resolução), resultaram dois novos sesquiterpenos glucosilados do tipo guaiano, o undulatumosido A [guaia-4-eno11-(4’-angeloxy)-6’-desoxiglucopiranósido], e o undulatumosido B [guaia-1-eno11-(4’-angeloxy)-6’-desoxiglucopiranósido], e dois outros sesquiterpenos conhecidos com o mesmo esqueleto, o 5-guaien11-ol e o 4-guaien11-ol. Isolaram-se ainda um sesquiterpeno do tipo cadinano, o 7-hidroxicalameneno, um esteroide, o b - sitosterol e os compostos fenólicos, eugenol e panisaldeído. As estruturas químicas destes compostos foram deduzidas através da análise dos seus dados físicos e espectroscópicos (IV, EIMS, 1H e 13C RMN e RMN bidimensional, nomeadamente COSY, HSQS, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY). Em relação aos compostos isolados, foram avaliadas a atividade inflamatória e a citotoxicidade dos sesquiterpenos do tipo guaiano conforme descrito anteriormente. Os resultados mais significativos foram obtidos para o undulatumosido A, que demonstrou uma atividade antiinflamatória (IC50 = 16.4 mM) comparável à do controlo positivo, a indometacina (IC50 = 18.2 mM), associada à ausência de efeito citotóxico nas concentrações testadas. O undulatumosido B, isómero do composto anterior, demonstrou também não ser citotóxico para a linha celular de macrófagos de murganho (RAW 264.7), mas exibiu um menor efeito anti-inflamatório (IC50 = 73.1 mM). De salientar que os compostos 4-guaien-11-ol e 5-guaien-11-ol foram os que demonstraram maior atividade anti-inflamatória com valores de IC50 (8.1 e 7.2 mM, respetivamente) inferiores ao da indometacina. No entanto, ambos os compostos foram tóxicos na concentração ≥ 50 mg/ml. Os sesquiterpenos com o esqueleto guaiano e as frações iniciais (n-hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo e o n-butanol) foram também avaliados quanto à sua atividade antiproliferativa. Este ensaio foi realizado em duas linhas celulares de tumores humanos, o carcinoma do pulmão COR-L23 e o melanoma amelanótico C32, utilizando como controlo positivo a vinblastina. Todas as frações demonstraram valores de IC50 bastante semelhantes para ambas as linhas celulares. As frações de n-hexano e diclorometano foram as que demonstraram o maior efeito de inibição do crescimento celular apresentando um valor de IC50 @ 16 mg/ml para as células COR-L23 e de IC50 @ 22 mg/ml para as células C32. A fração de n-butanol apresentou um efeito antiproliferativo fraco para ambas as linhas celulares (IC50 = 63.3 and 64.4 mg/ml, respetivamente) e a fração de acetato de etilo foi inativa. Não se oteve igualmente nenhum efeito siginicativo em relação aos compostos testados, até à máxima concentração estudada (16 mg/ml).
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Silveira, Sara Andreia Freitas de Lima. "Impacte de Pittosporum undulatum na vegetação natural dos Açores : o estudo de um caso na ilha Terceira." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/1310.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
[…].Se começarmos do princípio e percorrermos o caminho que nos leva à actualidade, poderemos ver que as espécies não nativas têm de passar, pelo menos, por três fases antes de se encontrarem capazes para infligir danos ecológicos ou económicos. Todas as espécies não nativas começaram, originalmente, por serem indivíduos que foram apanhados das suas áreas de distribuição natural, transportados para novas áreas e deixados na natureza. Estes indivíduos têm, então, que estabelecer uma população auto-sustentável dentro da sua nova área natural de distribuição, ou então a população em causa poderá crescer abundantemente e expandir-se para além do que deveria ser a sua área natural de distribuição, ou ainda, a população poderá continuar em pequenos números no seu local de distribuição (Lockwood et al. 2007). Tipicamente é só quando a população não nativa se começa a espalhar abundantemente que começam a ocorrer algumas formas de danos ecológicos ou económicos, passando então a ser designada de “invasora”. O conhecimento das fases do processo de invasão permite um reconhecimento explícito das acções humanas tanto como facilitadores ou inibidores da transição de uma fase para a outra (Lockwood et al. 2007). A transição da espécie para cada fase exige a ultrapassagem de várias barreiras ecológicas. Williamsom (1996) foi um dos primeiros ecologistas a retratar a invasão ecológica como uma série de barreiras a serem transpostas. Uma das suas ideias chaves era o reconhecimento de que a maioria das espécies que têm oportunidade de passar uma fase do processo de invasão não o faz com sucesso. […]
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Goulart, Héber Filipe da Silva. "Plantas vasculares invasoras no Parque Natural da Ilha Terceira : caracterização e monitorização do controlo de Pittosporum undulatum." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/3552.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia do Ambiente, 9 de Outubro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.
Na atualidade as plantas vasculares invasoras são uma das mais importantes problemáticas ambientais, principalmente em ilhas oceânicas. Para controlar as espécies vegetais invasoras é necessário, entre outras coisas, (1) conhecer a seu padrão de distribuição bem como (2) o seu comportamento após o ensaio de várias técnicas de erradicação. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta o resultado de dois estudos, que utilizando metodologias distintas, vão de encontro aos objectivos definidos. [...]. Com o presente estudo pretende-se definir o padrão de distribuição das espécies naturalizadas nas Reservas Naturais do Parque Natural da Ilha Terceira e pretende-se ainda estudar o comportamento destas espécies (principalmente as espécies Pittosporum undulatum, Rubus ulmifolius e Hedychium gardnerianum) após a erradicação da espécie Pittosporum undulatum.
ABSTRACT: Nowadays invasive vascular plants are a major problem, especially on oceanic islands. To control invasive plant species is necessary (1) to know their distribution pattern and (2) their behavior after using eradication techniques. For this purpose, this paper will have two main objetives with distinct methodologies that meet the objetives set. [...]. The present study aims to define the pattern of distribution of invasive species in the Natural Reserves (NR) of Terceira Island Natural Park and still intend to study the behavior of these species (especially Pittosporum undulatum, Rubus ulmifolius and Hedychium gardnerianum) after eradication species Pittosporum undulatum.
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Furtado, Cláudia da Silva. "Lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from Pittosporum undulatum and Hedychium gardnerianum on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/3118.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Biotecnologia em Controlo Biológico, 6 de Junho de 2013, Universidade dos Açores.
Ensaios de laboratório e de campo têm demonstrado que os parasitóides do género Trichogramma são muito suscetíveis à maioria dos inseticidas de largo espectro, reduzindo a sua eficácia como agentes de controlo biológico. A integração deste agente de controlo biológico com outros métodos requer o conhecimento dos efeitos letais e subletais que os insecticidas podem ter sobre estes inimigos naturais. De modo a promover métodos ambientalmente seguros de controlo de pragas nos Açores, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a segurança de óleos essenciais de Pittosporumm undulatum e Hedychium gardnerianum em diversos parâmetros biológicos do parasitóide oófago Trichogramma cordubensis, quando aplicado sobre ovos do hospedeiro, antes e depois do parasitismo. Para tal, avaliou-se os efeitos letais e subletais destes óleos às concentrações de 0.5% e 2.5%, por contacto direto e residual, na longevidade e fecundidade de fêmeas T. cordubensis, e na percentagem de emergência e tempo de desenvolvimento preimaginal da descendência. O óleo essencial que mais afetou os parâmetros biológicos do parasitóide, tanto por contato residual ou direto, foi H. gardnerianum à concentração de 2.5%. O número de ovos parasitados e a longevidade de T. cordubensis foram os parâmetros mais negativamente afetados. H. gardnerianum à concentração de 2.5%, teve um efeito residual elevado enquanto que nos outros tratamentos verificou-se o enfraquecimento do efeito ao longo do tempo. Quando aplicado sobre os ovos parasitados, as fases de desenvolvimento embrionário e larval foram as mais afectadas por H. gardnerianum a 2.5%. Os óleos essenciais de P. undulatum, às concentrações de 2.5% e 0.5%, e H. gardnerianum à concentração de 0.5% são compatíveis com libertações de T. cordubensis, visto que a estas concentrações têm um efeito residual reduzido e, quando aplicados após a fase larvar do parasitóide, os seus efeitos são neglígiveis. P. undulatum, à concentração de 0.5%, apresentou resultados promissores, indicando que pode ser usado com segurança em qualquer altura de exposição e fase de desenvolvimento de T. cordubensis. No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados de modo a determinar o efeito destes óleos essenciais no comportamento biológico de T. cordubensis, em condições de campo.
ABSTRACT: Laboratory and field studies have shown that Trichogramma wasps are highly susceptible to most broadspectrum insecticides, reducing their efficacy as biological control agents. Thus, the integration of this biological control agent with other methods requires knowledge of the lethal and sublethal effects they may have on these natural enemies. To promote environmentally friendly pest control methods in Azorean crops, this research aimed at assessing the safety of essential oils of Pittosporum undulatum and Hedychium gardnerianum on several biological parameters of the wasp Trichogramma cordubensis, when applied on host eggs before and after parasitism. We evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of these essential oils at the concentrations of 0.5% and 2.5%, by residual and direct contact, on the longevity and fecundity of T. cordubensis and, on the offspring emergence rate and preimaginal development time. The essential oil that most affected the biological parameters of T. cordubensis, either by residual or direct contact, was H. gardnerianum at the concentration of 2.5%. The number of parasitized eggs and the longevity of T. cordubensis were the parameters most negatively affected. At the concentration of 2.5%, H. gardnerianum showed to have a high residual effect while, for the other treatments we observed a reduction of this effect over time. When applied on parasitized host eggs, the embryo and larval developmental stages of T. cordubensis were the most negatively affected by the treatment with H. gardnerianum at 2.5%. Our results suggest that the essential oils from H. gardnerianum at the concentration of 0.5% and, from P. undulatum at the concentrations of 0.5% and 2.5%, are compatible with T. cordubensis releases, since at such concentrations these extracts have a low residual effect and, when applied after completion of the larval developmental stage, their side effects are negligible. Furthermore, P. undulatum at the concentration of 0.5% showed promising results, indicating that it can be safely used at any time of exposure and preimaginal developmental stage of the T. cordubensis. However, more attention should be devoted to field experiments to more clearly determine the influence of these essential oils to T. cordubensis under agricultural conditions.
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Toste, Gisele Evangelho. "A viabilidade do aproveitamento da biomassa de plantas invasoras para a produção de electricidade na ilha Terceira." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/1654.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente.
A biomassa, considerada uma energia alternativa, além de ser ambientalmente favorável, é uma energia praticamente inesgotável. No entanto, a falta de incentivos para a investigação das suas potencialidades e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias ou a inexistência de tecnologias baratas que permitam a sua utilização em grande escala, levam a que a sua importância no panorama energético internacional seja ainda reduzida. É neste contexto que surge o presente estudo no âmbito da Dissertação do Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente, ministrado na Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias. Pretende-se perceber as potencialidades do aproveitamento da biomassa de plantas invasoras, mais concretamente, do Pittosporum undulatum (P. undulatum) para a produção de electricidade, determinando entre outras variáveis a sua capacidade calorífica. Pretende-se igualmente verificar se este tipo de energia renovável é viável, em termos económicos ou em termos de abundância enquadrando essa produção no sistema actual de produção de electricidade, essencialmente dependente da queima de combustíveis fósseis. Apesar de inúmeras infestantes existentes na ilha, abordar-se-á apenas o caso do P. undulatum, espécie de cariz invasivo, cujo poder calorífico de sua madeira e a sua composição química, podem transformá-lo num bom candidato para uso nos processos de combustão que geram electricidade. Sendo de modo geral, os recursos financeiros públicos disponíveis, para combater ou controlar esta espécie invasora, o uso da biomassa do P. undulatum para produção de energia eléctrica pode ser relevante para estimular o corte progressivo e sustentável dessa espécie e levar à sua substituição por espécies endémicas locais. Por outro lado, a sua completa erradicação da ilha depara-se-nos neste momento como uma tarefa impossível, cujas estratégias de erradicação podem em certas casos colocar em causa a qualidade do ambiente, pela alteração abrupta dos habitats ou pela contaminação que poderia introduzir no meio ambiente, caso se optasse por combate químico. O tempo necessário para a erradicação de uma planta invasora desta natureza é demasiado longo, daí que uma gestão adequada da propagação da espécie tem que passar por uma valorização económica da mesma, sendo a valorização energética uma das possibilidades. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação poderão servir de base para a tomada de decisão, relativamente a investimentos na área das energias renováveis, sendo também um contributo para futuros estudos referentes à valorização energética de biomassa associada a infestantes no Arquipélago dos Açores. Este estudo também poderá servir para a elaboração de um modelo de gestão para regiões onde possa ocorrer uma invasão significativa de plantas lenhosas.
ABSTRACT: Biomass is considered an alternative energy as well as being environmentally friendly, because their energy production is a virtually inexhaustible. However, the lack of incentives for research and development of their energetic potential or in the new technologies able to transform biomass in electricity or the lack of inexpensive technologies that enable its use in large scale, leading to its importance in the international energy scene is still low. It is in this context that the present study within the Master's Thesis in Environmental Engineering, taught at the University of Azores, Department of Agricultural Sciences. It is intended to realize the potential of biomass use weed, specifically, the Pittosporum undulatum (P. undulatum) for the production of electricity, among other variables determining its heat capacity. It is also intended to verify that this type of renewable energy is viable in economic terms or in terms of abundance framing this production in the current system of electricity production, mainly dependent on the burning of fossil fuels. Despite numerous weeds on the island, will address only the case of P. undulatum, invasive species of nature, whose calorific value of its wood and its chemical composition, may make it a good candidate for use in combustion processes that generate electricity. As there are no financial resources available to control this invasive species, the use of biomass of P. undulatum for power generation may be relevant to stimulate sustainable and progressive cut that lead to species and their replacement by local endemic species. On the other hand, their complete eradication of the island faces us at this time as an impossible task, whose eradication strategies may in certain cases cal into question the quality of the environment, the abrupt change of habitat or pollution that could enter the environment, if they chose to chemical control. The time required for the eradication of an invasive plant of this nature is too long, so that proper management of the propagation of the species have to go through an economic valuation of it, in energy recovery possibilities. The present results may serve as a basis for decision making for investments in renewable energy, and is also a contribution to future studies related to biomass energy recovery associated with weeds in the Azores. This study could also serve to prepare a management model for regions where it may be a significant invasion of woody plants.
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Teixeira, Ana Isabel de Carvalho. "Forest resources in Graciosa Island (Azores) : biomass availability for sustainable energetic use." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/3396.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança.
Master dissertation included in the project: "Recursos Florestais da Ilha Graciosa, Açores" from Fundação Gaspar Frutuoso, with Financial Support from Graciólica, Lda And Younicos Ag.
O potencial da biomassa para a produção de energia tem sido amplamente estudado, e recentemente, ganhou um novo ímpeto com a atenção agora dirigida às energias renováveis. A biomassa florestal pode ser utilizada como matéria-prima em diferentes tipos de aplicações energéticas. Nos Açores, e em particular na Ilha Graciosa, a área ocupada por povoamentos florestais é relativamente pequena; no entanto, áreas consideráveis estão ocupadas por bosques de exóticas, maioritariamente dominados por Pittosporum undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae). O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a biomassa lenhosa existente na Ilha Graciosa, principalmente de P. undulatum, de modo a avaliar a sua disponibilidade para a utilização energética. Foi feito trabalho de campo na Ilha Graciosa de modo a obter dados dendrométricos de P. undulatum e da biomass viva acima do solo de árvores recentemente cortadas com o propósito de determinar equações alométricas específicas para P. undulatum, que relacionam a biomassa com os dados dendrométricos. A densidade das árvores foi estimada em 20 povoamentos, utilizando o método Point-Centered Quarter. As densidades dos povoamentos variaram consideravelmente, atingindo valores de 10.000 árvores.ha‾¹. O melhor modelo de equação alométrica determinado foi ln(Biomassa) = 0,77 + 0,48.ln(Área_Basal².Altura_Árvore) + Ɛ, com um R² ajustado de 0,96 e AIC de 35,5. A quantidade total de biomassa existente foi estimada para os povoamentos de P. undulatum, e foram efetuados cálculos para avaliar a quantidade anual de biomassa disponível. A biomassa de P. undulatum disponível na Ilha Graciosa, em peso seco, foi estimada em 92.152 Mg, com uma biomassa anual disponível de 2.437 Mg.ano‾¹. Este estudo também revelou que as áreas ocupadas por outras espécies, tais como Persea indica e Eucalyptus globulus também possuem quantidades consideráveis de P. undulatum, aumentando assim a quantidade de biomassa disponível. A exploração da biomassa de P. undulatum para utilização energética é viável se forem aplicados princípios sustentáveis de gestão florestal, permitindo não só a utilização da floresta existente bem como a implementação de controlo de espécies exóticas invasoras.
ABSTRACT: The potential of biomass for energy production has been widely studied, and recently gained new impetus with the attention now devoted to renewable energies. Forest biomass can be used as feedstock in different types of energetic applications. In the Azores, and particularly in Graciosa Island, the area occupied by forest is relatively small; however, considerable land areas are occupied by exotic woodland, mostly dominated by Pittosporum undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae). The purpose of this work is to evaluate the existing woody biomass in Graciosa Island, Azores, particularly of P. undulatum, in order to assess its availability for energetic use. Field work in Graciosa Island was done in order to measure P. undulatum dendrometric traits and above ground live biomass of fresh cut trees with the purpose of determining specific P. undulatum allometric equations which relate biomass with dendrometric measurements. Tree density was estimated for 20 stands, by applying point-centered quarter method. Stand densities were considerably variable, attaining values close to 10,000 trees.ha‾¹. The best model for allometric equation determined was ln(Biomass) = 0.77 + 0.48.ln(Basal_Area².Tree_Height) + Ɛ, with adjusted R² of 0.96 and AIC of 35.5. Total quantity of existing biomass was estimated for the P. undulatum stands, and calculations were made to assess the available annual biomass. Available biomass of P. undulatum in Graciosa Island was estimated at 92,152 Mg (dry weight), with an annual available biomass of 2,437 Mg.year‾¹ (dry weight). This research also revealed that areas occupied by other species such as Persea indica and Eucalyptus globulus also have considerable amounts of P. undulatum, thus increasing the available biomass. The exploitation of P. undulatum biomass for energetic use is viable if sustainable principles of forest management are applied, allowing not only the use of the existing forest as well as implementing the control of an alien invasive species.
Fundação Gaspar Frutuoso
Graciólica, Lda
Younicos Ag
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Book chapters on the topic "Pittosporum undulatum"

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Borges Silva, Lurdes, Patrícia Lourenço, Nuno Bicudo Ponte, Vasco Medeiros, Rui Bento Elias, Mário Alves, and Luís Silva. "Development of Allometric Equations for Estimating Above-Ground Biomass of Woody Plant Invaders: The Case of Pittosporum undulatum in the Azores Archipelago." In Modeling, Dynamics, Optimization and Bioeconomics II, 463–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55236-1_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pittosporum undulatum"

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Pasquini, Dalila, Cecilia Brunetti, Francesco Ferrini, and Roslyn Gleadow. "Identifying allelopathic compounds emitted by Pittosporum undulatum in Eucalypt forests." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08884.

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