Relevant bibliographies by topics / Piston skirt

Academic literature on the topic 'Piston skirt'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Piston skirt"

1

Dursunkaya, Zafer, Rifat Keribar, and Venkatesh Ganapathy. "A Model of Piston Secondary Motion and Elastohydrodynamic Skirt Lubrication." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927332.

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A model of elastohydrodynamic lubrication of piston skirts in reciprocating engines was developed in the context of a simulation of piston secondary motions. The piston secondary dynamics, skirt lubrication and skirt elastic deformation problems are simultaneously solved in the calculation. The model can represent both conventional and two-piece articulated pistons and also includes a treatment of wristpin lubrication. Skirt deformations are calculated using a skirt compliance matrix derived from a finite element model of the piston. The model was exercised by calculating piston secondary motions and skirt deformations for a heavy-duty truck diesel piston at various operating conditions. Results show that peak skirt radial deformations can exceed the skirt-liner radial clearance and strongly depend on load. Articulated piston skirt deformations were shown to be significantly larger than those in conventional piston skirts. Consideration of skirt elastic deformations significantly affected (rigid piston) motion and skirt friction predictions, highlighting the importance of an elastohydrodynamic model.
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Teng, Dezhi, Jingsi Wang, Chengdi Li, and Xiaoxia Sa. "Investigation of Friction and Wear Behavior of Cast Aluminum Alloy Piston Skirt with Graphite Coating Using a Designed Piston Skirt Test Apparatus." Materials 15, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15114010.

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A piston skirt friction and wear apparatus that simulates the contact and the relative motion of piston and cylinder liner in a real engine has been designed and constructed. With this apparatus, the friction and wear behavior of a cast aluminum alloy piston with a graphite coating under different loads was studied, and the effectiveness of the apparatus was confirmed. The total wear of the piston skirt was higher under a higher load, and the upper part of the skirt surface (around the height of the piston pin) was worn more severely. The wear mechanisms were studied and, based on the test results and surface analyses, three main wear modes were believed to occur in the wear process of the piston skirt: abrasive, adhesive, and fatigue wear. The effects of skirt profile design, coating, and surface texturing on the friction and wear behavior of the piston skirt can be investigated well using the proposed apparatus, which can truly reflect actual working conditions and is useful to improve the tribological performances of piston skirts.
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Smirnov, Sergei V., Vladimir V. Kopylov, Alexander R. Makarov, Alexander A. Vorobyev, and Kirill V. Shkarin. "An experimental study of the stress-strain state of the engine piston skirt on the engineless stand." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2019-20-4-285-292.

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The article describes the features developed by the authors of the profiling method of the piston skirt, provides the main parameters that affect the lubrication conditions of the piston skirt and the magnitude of mechanical losses. In computational studies, the basic formulas are given for determining the thickness of the oil layer in a piston skirt - cylinder sleeve conjunction to assess the nature of friction. To determine the deformations, the finite element method is used on the spatial model of the piston. To verify the finite element model, a stand for experimental studies was developed. The article describes the developed stand, the methodology and results of experimental studies of the stress-strain state of the two-piece piston skirt obtained at this stand and a comparative analysis of the results of the calculated and experimental studies of the stress-strain state of the two-piece piston skirt of a diesel engine. The research results showed that the developed stand can be used to verify mathematical models for calculating the stress-strain state of the piston skirt in the pilot production of internal combustion engine pistons to accelerate and reduce the cost of the piston design development process, as well as the results of experimental studies obtained at the stand, can be used as initial data for the developed mathematical model of the dynamics of the movement of the piston and the profiling of the piston skirt.
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Sun, Jun, Feifei Hao, Guangsheng Liu, Hu Wang, Qin Teng, Enming Miao, Xiaoyong Zhao, Yanping Ren, and Guixiang Zhu. "Research on the lubrication performance of engine piston skirt–cylinder liner frictional pair considering lubricating oil transport." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418778658.

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In current lubrication analysis of piston skirt, the flooded status is generally considered in the piston skirt–cylinder liner frictional pair in all strokes of an engine operating cycle. However, the quantity of lubricating oil at the entrance of piston skirt cannot always ensure the sufficient lubrication status of piston skirt–cylinder liner frictional pair when the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center in actual engine. In this article, based on the model of piston secondary motion, fluid lubrication, and lubricating oil flow, the lubrication performance of piston skirt–cylinder liner frictional pair is analyzed, in which the quantity of lubricating oil detained on the surface of cylinder liner after the piston skirt moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center and is considered as the quantity of lubricating oil at entrance of piston skirt when the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. The results show that compared with current analysis, in which the sufficient lubrication of piston skirt–cylinder liner frictional pair is assumed in all strokes of engine, there are remarkable changes for the lubrication performance of piston skirt–cylinder liner frictional pair and the piston secondary motion when the lubrication status of the frictional pair in the upstroke of piston is determined by considering actual lubricating oil transport in the lubrication analysis of piston skirt.
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Gao, Qi, Cheng Ying Li, Hong Zeng, and Lei Bo Zhao. "Middle-Convex Curve and Ellipse Surface of Piston Skirt Design Based on MATLAB and Pro/E." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.891.

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In this paper, the characteristics and design rules of piston skirt middle-convex ellipse surface are studied, and the piston skirt profile mathematical model was established. Piston skirt middle-convex curve is interpolated based on MATLAB, and the piston middle-convex surface was generated according to the theory of surface modeling; the piston skirt transversal section was controlled based on Pro/E curvilinear equation, and then the piston skirt surface was created. The example indicates that commonality and fitting precision of these two design methods are excellent, so it has the better application value of project.
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Blair, W. L., D. P. Hoult, and V. W. Wong. "The Role of Piston Distortion on Lubrication in a Reciprocating Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906494.

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The microgeometry of the piston, rings, and skirt relative to the liner strongly influences lubrication in a reciprocating engine. This study develops an approximation technique that decouples the thermomechanical piston-skirt distortions from the complex lubricant support in a large diesel engine. The model considers the limiting case of starved skirt lubrication with large clearance. It permits efficient design of machined three-dimensional piston-skirt contours for piston support. In the calculations, a three-dimensional finite-element model is coupled with a postprocessing algorithm to predict skirt distortions, piston tilt, operating clearance, and oil-film contact area as a function of machined profile, thermal expansion, cylinder pressure, piston inertia, and transient side loads. A piston dynamics model is developed that defines the transient piston side force based on engine geometry, cylinder pressure, inertial loads, and wrist-pin offset. The results of this study indicate that (1) the transient skirt distortions due to cylinder pressure on the compression and power strokes result in a significant increase in oil-film contact area; (2) the piston skirt operating shape depends on the location and area of oil-film contact; (3) the contact area and location during intake and exhaust strokes vary substantially from that during the compression and power strokes; (4) the wrist-pin offset reduces the maximum side load and piston slap intensity occurring in the region of maximum cylinder pressure; (5) effective three-dimensional skirt profile design may result in significant changes in oil-film contact area and location on the skirt throughout the cycle.
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McFadden, PD, and SR Turnbull. "A study of the secondary piston motion arising from changes in the piston skirt profile using a simplified piston skirt model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 1 (April 19, 2012): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212444509.

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An existing model of the interface between a parallel-sided piston skirt and the cylinder wall in an internal combustion engine is extended to allow the modelling of barrelling of the piston skirt. The effects of the skirt profile on the secondary motion of the piston and on the distribution of pressure in the lubricant film are examined. It is shown that piston secondary motion, and in particular rotation of the piston about the gudgeon pin, which might contribute to wear of the cylinder, can be reduced by appropriate positioning of the maximum diameter of the piston skirt in relation to the gudgeon pin and the centre of mass of the piston.
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Liu, K., Y. B. Xie, and C. L. Gui. "A comprehensive study of the friction and dynamic motion of the piston assembly." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 212, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650981542038.

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A mixed lubrication model based on a two-dimensional average Reynolds equation is presented in this paper. It is developed for use in conjunction with a piston secondary motion analysis. The motion has been studied and the effects of structure parameters and different profiles of piston skirts on the motion are also investigated. The friction force and power loss consisting of piston skirt friction and the friction of the piston ring pack are also given.
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Mansouri, S. H., and V. W. Wong. "Effects of Piston Design Parameters on Piston Secondary Motion and Skirt - Liner Friction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 219, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x34026.

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In this article, a previously developed and experimentally validated piston secondary motion model has been improved further numerically and applied to understand the detailed interactions between the piston skirt and the cylinder liner for various piston design parameters. The model considers the roughness of the surfaces and the topography of the skirt in both the axial (barrel profile) and circumferential (ovality) directions. Three modes of lubrication: hydro-dynamic, mixed, and boundary lubrication regimes have been considered and the skirt is partially flooded in most cases. Elastic deformation of the skirt is an essential part of the model. In this model, the piston dynamic behaviour and frictional and impact forces are predicted as functions of crank angle and are examined in detail. Parameters investigated include piston skirt profile, piston-to-liner clearance, surface roughness, and oil availability. The results show that some of these parameters have profound effects on the frictional and impact forces at the piston skirt/liner interface, and therefore, they have the potential to optimize the piston frictional power loss. Correlations and non-dimensional scaling laws are developed to illustrate the basic governing phenomena. These results aim to provide a set of quantitative design guidelines.
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Jin, Zhou, Zhi Zhuang Yu, and Lin Sheng Yang. "Prediction of Nonlinear Contact Force of Piston Skirt and Cylinder Liner under the Function of Clap Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.831.

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The piston skirt and cylinder liner is a coupled contact model, It is of great importance to analyze the contact stress and deformation. Due to the existence of the gap and the lateral clap force between piston skirt and cylinder liner, which leads to the lateral movement. According to the secondary movement and hydrodynamic lubrication theory, the maximum lateral clap force can be obtained in a working condition, before piston crosses TDC, the huge gas pressure makes the piston skirt and cylinder liner collision contact, and creates the enormous clap force, which can aggravate the noise and vibration between piston skirt and cylinder liner. We would set maximum lateral clap force as a dangerous condition, which can be loaded on the contact model. By the means of nonlinear software ABAQUS, to establish the piston skirt and cylinder liner contact model, and analyze the contact stress and deformation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Piston skirt"

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Bai, Dongfang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling piston skirt lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74901.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147).
Ever-increasing demand for reduction of the undesirable emissions from the internal combustion engines propels broader effort in auto industry to design more fuel efficient engines. One of the major focuses is the reduction of engine mechanical losses, to which the friction of the piston skirt is one important contributor. Yet there lacks a sufficient understanding of the skirt lubrication behavior to effectively optimize the piston skirt system in practice. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model to advance the predictability of the skirt friction while integrating all the dynamic behavior of the piston secondary motion and the structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner. Major contributions of this work are analysis of and development of a model for the oil transport and exchange of the piston skirt region and its surroundings. The new oil transport model is composed with two elements. First, the oil scraped into the chamfer region by the oil control ring during a down-stroke is tracked and its accumulation and release to the skirt region are modeled. Second, oil separation and re-attachment are allowed in the skirt region, breaking conventional full-attachment assumption in lubrication studies. The new oil transport model together with hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication model were coupled with piston secondary motion and structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner. For numerical efficiency and physics clarity, we used different discretization for the lubrication from the structural deformation. The final model is robust and efficient. The discussion of the model results is focused mainly on the oil transport. There exist a general pattern in available oil for skirt lubrication, namely, skirt tends to be starved when it travels at the upper portion of a stroke. Comparison with visualization experiment for oil accumulation patterns show consistency between model prediction and observation. This work represents a major step forward to realistically predicting skirt friction and the influence of all the relevant design and operational parameters. However, oil supply to the region below the piston skirt can largely influence the outcome of the friction prediction and its mechanism is system dependent. Additionally, simple treatment of the oil transport in the current model is merely a first step to modeling the complex fluid problems involved. Improvements of this model based on application and further analysis will make it a more powerful engineering tool to optimize the skirt system to minimize its undesirable outputs.
by Dongfang Bai.
Ph.D.
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Totaro, Pasquale (Pasquale Pio). "Modeling piston secondary motion and skirt lubrication with applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92125.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-100).
The interest in reducing emission and improving engine efficiency has become a major push in industry, due to upcoming stricter regulations. A great deal of attention has been given to the frictional losses due to piston and liner interaction, as they represent a significant portion of the total mechanical losses. This thesis work focuses on further development and application of an existing model for the piston's secondary motion and skirt lubrication. Model development has been focused on introducing liner dynamic deformation, temperature and shear-thinning effect on viscosity, and arbitrary skirt's shape definition. The theory behind the inclusion of these components is discussed and the modifications to the existing model are explained. In regards to the model's applications, an important topic is the model validation, for which friction results from simulations are compared with experimental results obtained on a floating liner engine. The analysis covers the running condition of 1000 rpm, at partial and full load. This study is, however, not concluded and more cases need to be studied in order to complete the validation of the model. The second application focuses on the effects of geometrical patterns on the skirt on friction and secondary motion of the piston. First, some regular patterns were studied and found to have negative effects on friction due to their inability to build sufficient hydrodynamic pressure, compared to the baseline design. Then, a different sets of patterns were proposed to more effectively utilize available oil and to maximize the hydrodynamic pressure generation in the skirt region. The results show that new strategy can significantly reduce friction of the skirt without introducing negative impact on the secondary motion. This thesis work aims to make the model a more complete and powerful tool to understand piston's secondary motion and the applications are meant to show the capabilities of the model, as an instrument to approach piston's design and inspire new ways and ideas to reduce frictional losses.
by Pasquale Totaro.
S.M.
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Littlefair, Bryn. "A tribo-dynamic solution for the flexible piston skirt and liner conjunction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14900.

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The internal combustion engine is still at the heart of the vast majority of vehicles manufactured worldwide today. For these applications reciprocating pistons are typically employed to convert the pressures generated by internal combustion into mechanical work required by the vehicle. Of the energy supplied to the engine as a whole approximately 17% is lost by means of mechanical friction. The piston ring - liner and piston skirt - liner conjunctions contribute approximately 30% of the overall friction losses in almost equal proportions. It is, therefore, important to note that reduction in piston assembly friction would have a significant effect on the fuel consumption and, therefore, performance of engines manufactured today. In order to reduce the effect of friction it is of critical importance that the model and predictions made alongside the design of engine components accurately represent the real incycle conditions encountered in practice. Much of the published research to date has excluded the effects of global thermo-elastic distortions on the lubrication of the piston skirt. In cases where this effect has been studied, it has been for relatively low engine speeds or loads on relatively stiff conjunctions. In motorsport applications the expected component lifespans are much shorter than in the usual OEM production vehicles. Reduction in component mass, particularly in reciprocating components has been at the centre of these recent gains. The effect of mass reduction coupled with the increased BMEP observed in high performance engines emphasises the importance of underlying mechanisms of lubrication. This thesis develops the modelling methodology for piston skirt-cylinder liner conjunction for the motorsport and high performance engine applications. It presents a multi-body, multiscale approach to the prediction of the lubrication conditions of the skirt-liner conjunction, incorporating realistic measured boundary conditions. It highlights the effect of inertial loading observed at high speeds in such applications. Using the methodology developed in this work, future improvements in friction may be accurately predicted though the use of the modular boundary and component contributions used throughout. Crucially though, the models created have been scrutinised and verified using instantaneous ultrasonic film thickness measurements non-invasively from the conjunction. One of the key findings of the thesis is that the component stiffness profiles have a significant effect on the dynamics of the piston assembly. The shape of the conjunction at a given instant, and thus the contact condition, is largely governed by the interaction between the themo-mechanical distortion of the contiguous solids, as well as changes in lubricant characteristic responses. The iso-viscous elastic mechanism of lubrication has been identified as being the dominant mechanism of lubrication.
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Meng, Zhen Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Numerical investigation of the piston skirt lubrication in heavy duty diesel engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111710.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-102).
Friction reduction in the power cylinder system of internal combustion engines has been undergoing broad and intense study in an industry-wide effort to reduce CO2 from the engines. As a major source of frictional loss in the system, the piston skirt-liner interface, specifically in heavy duty diesel engines, is investigated in this thesis work using a model developed in-house. Prior to the calculation of various cases for parametric study, improvements were made to the existing model in order to incorporate the characteristics of heavy duty diesel engines, and to enhance the robustness and accuracy of the model in general. These improvements include enabling arbitrary distribution oil supply to the system, more efficient way to incorporate the shear-thinning effect of multigrade lubricants, and new scheme at the start of the simulation to resolve the situation with large overlap between piston skirt and liner. The first part of the analysis from application focuses on the geometric parameters of the system such as installation clearance, deformation of the components, and surface roughness of piston skirt. The effects of each individual parameter are discussed and summarized. The second part of the analysis is focused on the sensitivities of the system to the amount and distribution of oil supply. It was found that more lubricant can help reduce friction on thrust side during expansion stroke and on anti-thrust side during compression stroke. However, due to the rapid loss of oil at the piston-liner interface during early compression stroke, there is a limit to the advantage of more oil addition. It has also been suggested that with a certain amount of oil supply, it is more beneficial to add the lubricant higher on the liner. This thesis work is the first effort with the model to systematically study the piston skirt lubrication in heavy duty diesel engines. It is expected to be facilitated by the measurement and observation from experiments in the future.
by Zhen Meng.
S.M.
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McClure, Fiona. "Numerical modeling of piston secondary motion and skirt lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42289.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-241).
Internal combustion engines dominate transportation of people and goods, contributing significantly to air pollution, and requiring large amounts of fossil fuels. With increasing public concern about the environment and the reliability of oil supplies, automotive companies are pushed to improve engine design in order to reduce engine emissions and fuel consumption. This project aims to develop a numerical model of piston dynamics and lubrication in internal combustion engines, enabling prediction of friction generation at the piston -cylinder bore interface, and oil transport in the power cylinder system. It is currently estimated that the piston - cylinder bore friction accounts for up to 25% of the power loss in a typical engine, while oil transported to the combustion chamber by the piston and ring-pack contributes significantly to engine emissions. A dry piston model was first developed to allow fast calculation of approximate piston dynamics. An elastohydrodynamic lubrication model was then developed to allow direct numerical simulation of the effect of piston tooling marks, and comparison with results obtained using an Average Reynolds equation with flow factors. The lubrication model was incorporated into the piston dynamics model, enabling more accurate evaluation of friction and oil transport. Comparison between the dry and lubricated model results demonstrate the effect of oil film thickness on piston lateral motion, tilt, friction generation and oil transport.
by Fiona McClure.
Ph.D.
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Balakrishnan, Sashi. "Transient elastohydrodynamic analysis of piston skirt lubricated contact under combined axial, lateral and tilting motion." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19897.

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Most modern engines utilise pistons with an offset gudgeon pin. In internal combustion engines, the offset is to the major thrust side of the piston. The piston thrust side is the part of the piston perpendicular to the gudgeon pin that carries the majority of side loading during the power stroke. Primary reason for having the gudgeon pin positioned eccentrically is to prevent the piston from slamming into the cylinder bore after the connecting rod journal passes the top dead centre. This phenomenon is referred to as piston slap, and is more pronounced in compression ignition and high performance engines due to higher combustion pressure than that of commercial spark ignition engines. The coming together of the piston and the bore results in scuffing, at best, or, catastrophic failure at worst. Clearance space between bore and piston is filled by a lubricant film. The main role of the lubricant is to separate the piston and bore by reacting to the applied load. Investigating the above problem requires a holistic approach, whereby a dynamic three degree-of-freedom piston model is coupled with a lubrication model to represent the actual system. The dynamic model determines the motion of the piston in combined axial, lateral and rotation about the gudgeon pin. The reactive forces due to lubricant films on the major and minor thrust sides of the piston play significant roles in piston dynamics and are evaluated by either quasi-static or transient solution of the lubricant contact conjunctions. The novel quasi-static analysis is carried out in the sense of its detailed approach, including many key practical features. not incorporated in other analyses, hitherto reported in literature. These features include first and foremost the development of a specific contact mechanics model for evaluation of conforming contacts for piston skirt against liner or bore. The quasi-static analysis includes many practical feature not encountered in other literature on the subject, such as detailed surface irregularities and modification features, and with thermal distortion. The analysis has been extended to thermohydrodynamics, as well as micro-hydrodynamics, all with high computational mesh densities, and robust methods of solution in space and time domains, including effective influence Newton-Raphson method and linear acceleration integration scheme. The transient tribo-elasto-multi-body dynamics problem includes physics of motion study from film thickness prediction and secondary motion evaluation of the order of micrometers and minutes of arc to large rigid body dynamics, including simultaneous solution of the contact problem at both major and minor thrust sides. Such a comprehensive solution has not hitherto been reported in literature. The thesis discusses many aspects of piston dynamics problem, through the broad spectrum of vehicle manufacture, with many pertinent practical engineering issues. In particular, it provides solutions for high performance Formula 1 racing engines. This is the first ever comprehensive analysis of piston tribodynamics for this range of engines at very high combustion pressures. This study has shown the paramount influence of profile of piston in promoting lubrication between the contiguous bodies, as evident from the pattern of lubricant flow through the contact. Deformation of the bodies increases the volume of lubricant in the contact. During the reversal in direction of piston motion, when the entraining velocity momentarily cases and reversal takes place, the load is held by an elastic squeeze.
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Howell-Smith, S. J. "Tribological optimisation of the internal combustion engine piston to bore conjunction through surface modification." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8449.

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Internal combustion (IC) engines used in road transport applications employ pistons to convert gas pressure into mechanical work. Frictional losses abound within IC engines, where only 38- 51% of available fuel energy results in useful mechanical work. Piston-bore and ring-bore conjunctions are fairly equally responsible for circa 30% of all engine friction - equivalent to 1.6% of the input fuel each. Therefore, reduction in piston assembly friction would have a direct impact on specific performance and / or fuel consumption. In motorsport, power outputs and duty cycles greatly exceed road applications. Consequently, these engines have a shorter useful life and a high premium is placed on measures which would increase the output power without further reducing engine life. Reduction of friction offers such an opportunity, which may be achieved by improved tribological design in terms of reduced contact area or enhanced lubrication or both. However, the developments in the motorsport sector are typically reactive due to a lack of relative performance or an ad-hoc reliance, based upon a limited number of actual engine tests in order to determine if any improvement can be achieved as the result of some predetermined action. A representative scientific model generally does not exist and as such, investigated parameters are often driven by the supply chain with the promise of improvement. In cylinder investigations are usually limited to bore surface finish, bore and piston geometrical form, piston skirt coatings and the lubricant employed. Of these investigated areas newly emerging surface coatings are arguably seen as predominate. This thesis highlights a scientific approach which has been developed to optimise piston-bore performance. Pre-existing methods of screening and benchmarking alterations have been retained such as engine testing. However, this has been placed in the context of validation of scientifically driven development. A multi-physics numerical model is developed, which combines piston inertial dynamics, as well as thermo-structural strains within a thermoelastohydrodynamic tribological framework. Experimental tests were performed to validate the findings of numerical models. These tests include film thickness measurement and incylinder friction measurement, as well as the numerically-indicated beneficial surface modifications. Experimental testing was performed on an in-house motored engine at Capricorn Automotive, a dynamometer mounted single-cylinder 'fired' engine at Loughborough University, as well as on other engines belonging to third party clients of Capricorn. The diversity of tests was to ascertain the generic nature of any findings. The multi-physics multi-scale combined numerical-experimental investigation is the main contribution of this thesis to knowledge. One major finding of the thesis is the significant role that bulk thermo-structural deformation makes on the contact conformity of piston skirt to cylinder liner contact, thus advising piston skirt design. Another key finding is the beneficial role of textured surfaces in the retention of reservoirs of lubricant, thus reducing friction.
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Hong-Chun, Lin, and 林鴻鈞. "Measurement of circumferential discrepancy of piston skirt profile for a two-stroke engine." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25810876866221182643.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
91
The regular elliptical method and the average angle method are used to evaluate the circumferential discrepancy of the piston skirt profile of a four-stroke motorcycle engine. These methods were also currently applied to evaluate the circumferential discrepancy of the piston skirt profile of a two-stroke motorcycle engine in industry. However, the piston skirt profile of a two-stroke motorcycle engine is an irregular elliptical shape, theoretically, the above mentioned methods cannot applied directly to evaluate the piston skirt profile of a two-stroke engine. The objective of this study is to introduce the fitness method to evaluate the circumferential discrepancy of the piston skirt profile for a two-stroke engine based on the data points measured on a CNC coordinate measuring machine. This method utilized the Closed B-Spline Curve method to interpolate the internal data points based on the designed profile data points which have an interval of ten degrees, and the concept of minimum sum of error squares to determine the angular deviation of the piston skirt profile. According to the test results, the proposed method could improve the analytic accuracy and had good consistency with the measurement result of the roundness measuring machine.
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Book chapters on the topic "Piston skirt"

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Brabec, P., C. Scholz, and R. Voženílek. "Effect of the Piston Pin Stiffness on the Deformation of the Piston Skirt." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 493–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05203-8_66.

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Wu, Bo, Jing-yi Ma, and Shaojiang Jin. "Orthogonal Optimal Design of Piston Skirt with Bionic Holes Based on Finite Element Method." In Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation, 799–808. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-148-2_79.

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ur Rehman, Zahid, S. Adnan Qasim, and M. Afzaal Malik. "DLC Coated Piston Skirts Behavior at Initial IC Engine Start Up." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 195–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8832-8_15.

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Balakrishnan, S., S. Howell-Smith, R. H. Rahnejat, and D. Dowson. "Investigation of reciprocating conformal contact of piston skirt and ring-pack to cylinder liner under transient condition." In Tribology Series, 265–73. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8922(03)80054-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Piston skirt"

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Littlefair, B., S. Howell-Smith, H. Rahnejat, and S. Theodossiades. "Assessment of Thermo-Structural Effects on EHL Piston Skirt Lubrication." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81125.

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The in situ profiles of the piston skirt and cylinder bore surface are subject to thermo-elastic global deformation due to differential operating temperatures and forces. In operation, a lubricant film is entrained into and pressurized within the gap between these profiles. This film not only supports the prevailing contact load, but also inhibits direct interaction of surfaces, thus reducing friction and thereby improving fuel efficiency. The reduction of reciprocating mass in motorsport applications has been achieved through the use of partial circumferential skirts for a number of years now. The response of the shape to both mechanical and structural loadings differs from the classic full circumferential skirt studies. This paper provides a ‘snapshot’ into how the inherent piston side load is supported by the piston skirt. It highlights the importance of the operational temperature on the skirt profile, conjunctional gap and the lubricant film. Additionally, it shows how a given piston skirt shape and its structural stiffness perform in operation.
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Duyar, Mustafa. "Mass Conserving Elastohydrodynamic Piston Lubrication Model With Incorporated Crown Lands." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1710.

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This paper describes a comprehensive model of Elastohydrodynamic piston lubrication, incorporated the crown lands into solution domain to characterize the effect of crown-liner interactions on piston motion. Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) analysis of a piston skirt-liner conjunction is in general a useful methodology for design analysis of pistons. The diameters of piston crown lands are much less than those of skirt and liner for typical piston designs. Therefore crown lands normally do not interact with liner under usual operating conditions and hence most of the researchers exclude crown lands from the EHL analysis and mainly focus on piston skirt. However, under some of the engine operating conditions piston crown lands play important role in the secondary dynamics and tribology aspects of pistons. During the thermodynamic cycle when piston is hot and cylinder liner is relatively colder, piston thermal expansion leads to crown-liner interaction, which necessitates EHL, asperity contact and wear considerations of piston crown along with piston skirt. The simulation methodology for piston EHL analysis uses a mass-conserving algorithm for the finite volume method solution of Reynolds equation, which is coupled to elasticity relations and Greenwood-Tripp asperity contact model. Elrod’s mass conserving algorithm enables to model and analyze partially lubricated piston-liner interface by the input of oil supply and moreover rigorously handles cavitated zones, and takes into account piston ring grooves, piston cut-outs and unlubricated areas due to piston geometry. Results are presented from parametric studies that show comparisons between the analyses of the models with piston skirt lubrication only and piston lubrication, which incorporates the crown lands to the EHL domain.
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Ning, Lipu, Xianghui Meng, and Youbai Xie. "Numerical Study of Piston Skirt-Liner Lubrication Considering the Effects of Deformation in Internal Combustion Engines." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92025.

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This paper presents a comprehensive lubrication model for piston skirt-liner system of internal combustion engines. In the model it is included that the effects of the surface roughness, the piston skirt surface geometry, the piston pin offset, the crankshaft offset, and the lubricant viscosity on the piston secondary motion and lubrication performance. Especially, the effects of the thermal and the elastic deformation of the piston skirt and the cylinder liner, and the piston skirt deformations due to the combustion pressure and the piston axial inertia, are considered as the key task in this study. The results show that the combustion force, the working temperature and the piston axial inertia all play important roles in the piston-skirt lubrication. Also, considering the elastic deformation of the piston skirt and the cylinder liner is beneficial to the prediction of piston-skirt lubrication more accurately. The developed program in this study can provide a useful tool for the analysis of the piston-liner system lubrication problem.
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Kamiya, Mitsuyoshi, Toshiaki Kobayashi, Yuji Mihara, and Tsuneo Someya. "Measurement of Piston Skirt Oil-film Pressure under Piston Slap." In SAE 2007 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2215.

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Kobayashi, Toshiaki. "Prediction of Piston Skirt Scuffing via 3D Piston Motion Simulation." In SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1044.

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Wang, Yi, Limin Wu, Shuo Liu, Mei Li, Xianghui Meng, and Yi Cui. "Numerical Study on Fretting Wear of Mating Surface Between Piston Crown and Skirt in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9621.

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Composite pistons are often used in heavy duty diesel engines due to its good reliability and durability. Owing to the alternating loads, fretting wear usually happens on the mating surfaces between piston crown and skirt. In this paper, a fretting wear finite element model is developed to analyze the mating surface wear of composite piston of heavy duty diesel engine. The fretting wear model predicts the wear depth evolution for each working cycle based on Archard model and mesh updating technique, which is validated by previous pin and disk contact experiments. The wear evolution of the top contact surface of piston skirt is simulated according to engine operating condition, and fretting wear life is estimated by the decreasing process of crown-skirt connecting bolt preload. Effects of the shape of piston skirt top surface is also evaluated. In the end, the rationality of fretting wear model is validated by durability tests of diesel engine.
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Abbes, Miloud Tahar, Patrick Maspeyrot, Ahmed Dekkiche, Mohamed Benbrik, and Fouad Boukli Hacène. "Elastohydrodynamic Piston Skirt Lubrication: Effect on Tribological Performances." In ASME/STLE 2012 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2012-61129.

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A model of elastohydrodynamic lubrication of piston skirt is developed in this paper. The secondary motion of the piston, the lubrication and the elastic deformations of skirt and cylinder are described by a transient strongly nonlinear system coming from the coupling of the dynamics equations of piston secondary motion and the Reynolds equation. The iterative Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with Murty’s algorithm for cavitation was used to solve the problem. An optimum skirt curved profile, which maintain piston in optimum performance characteristics, is adopted. Using the tribological performance of the lubricated skirt-cylinder, the results — minimum oil-film thickness, maximum pressure in the lubricant film and friction — are compared to the elastohydrodynamic solution and the rigid skirt-cylinder solution. The effect of elastic deformation of both skirt and cylinder show that elastohydrodynamic analysis is necessary for an accurate prediction of a piston-cylinder performance. The computational work, applied to a solid skirt piston of a V-8 direct injection diesel engine truck, should be a powerful design analysis tool, which can be used to increase the available engine power through optimum piston performance characteristics.
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Keribar, Rifat, and Zafer Dursunkaya. "A Comprehensive Model of Piston Skirt Lubrication." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/920483.

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Gunelsu, Ozgur, and Ozgen Akalin. "Development of a Piston Secondary Motion Model for Skirt Friction Analysis." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92166.

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A comprehensive piston skirt lubrication and secondary motion model that can be used for piston friction simulations was developed based on Greenwood and Tripp’s surface asperity contact model and Patir and Cheng’s modified Reynolds equation with surface flow factors. Oil flow between the skirt-liner clearances was modeled and hydrodynamic and asperity contact pressures around the skirt were calculated. Reynolds boundary conditions were applied to determine the film rupture boundaries and wetted areas. Surface roughness and roughness orientation were included in the model. Due to its important effect on pressure development in the oil film, change in the skirt profile due to elastic deformations was taken into account. Change of the skirt profile due to piston thermal expansion is also calculated using the steady-state temperature distribution of the piston corresponding to the investigated engine running conditions. A piston stiffness matrix obtained by finite element analysis was used to determine the elastic deformations of the piston skirt under the calculated oil film pressures. A two-degree-of-freedom system is formed with the forces and moments calculated by the lubrication model. These forces and moments require a coupled solution with piston position. This is achieved by applying an iterative numerical procedure based on Broyden’s scheme which seeks force and moment balance at each iteration phase making use of time step variation. The effects of various engine operating conditions and piston design parameters on piston secondary motion were investigated. Piston skirt friction force due to hydrodynamic shear forces and metal-to-metal contact is calculated.
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Saito, Yoshitaka, and Hideo Suda. "Varnish Rating of Piston Skirt by Image Processing." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951799.

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Reports on the topic "Piston skirt"

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Suzuki, Hidekazu, Yasukazu Baba, Noriaki Kadoi, and Tomio Obokata. A Study on Factors That Have an Affect on Oil Film Formation on Piston Skirt. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0614.

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Nakamura, Masaaki, Hirotsugu Hayashi, and Akemi Ito. A Study on the Mechanism of Lubricating Oil Consumption of Diesel Engines (Third Report)~Oil Film Boundary on the Piston Skirt. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0368.

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Ito, Akemi, Haruhisa Shirakawa, Masaaki Nakamura, Kazuyoshi Yoshida, and Hisashi Akiyama. A Study on the Mechanism of Lubricating Oil Consumption of Diesel Engines~The Effect of the Design of Piston Skirt on Lubricating Oil Consumption. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0367.

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