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Journal articles on the topic 'Pistacia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 February 2023

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1

Ou, Chun, Zhongyuan Shen, Yu Liu, Zelu Wang, and Mohsen Farshadfar. "Morphometric analysis and genetic diversity in Pistacia species populations using sequence related amplified polymorphism." Genetika 53, no. 3 (2021): 1193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2103193o.

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The Anacardiaceae family includes 11 or more species, including the genus Pistacia. Pistacia vera L. is the most commercially developed of them all, thanks to its tasty nut seeds. Pistacia khinjuk Stocks, Pistacia atlantica Dsef, Pistacia vera, Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. (Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica Zoh.) and all have their origins in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers in 13 wild pistachio accessions, which comprised three different species: Pistacia khinjuk, Pistacia vera, and Pistacia atlantica. Through polymerase chain reaction amplifications (PCR) of three Pistacia species, a total of 170 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were obtained. Ten different selective primers were combined to generate these bands. The number of amplified pieces ranged from nine to twenty-six. The projected impartial gene diversity (UHe) ranged from 0.053 (Pistacia khinjuk) to 0.417 (Pistacia khinjuk) (Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica). The genetic similarity of three species is estimated to be between 0.61 to 0.90. Two significant groupings emerged from the clustering findings: Pistacia khinjuk and Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica exhibited the least similarity in the SRAP markers study. Our findings revealed excellent molecular recognition of all genotypes tested, indicating that a significant amount of genetic variety exists among pistachio accessions. This discovery might be useful in breeding management techniques for genetic preservation and cultivar improvement.

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2

HOSSEININAVEH, FATEMEH, JAMASB NOZARI, MEHMET BORA KAYDAN, and VAHID HOSSEININAVEH. "Molecular and morphological identification of pistachio armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4200, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.4.5.

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Members of the family Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) can be devastating pests that suck parenchyma cell contents from crops and cause severe damage to pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.). The current research collected and characterized diaspidid species from pistachio orchards in Kerman province, Iran, according to their morphological and molecular features. Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya, Suturaspis davatchi (Balachowsky & Kaussari) and Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) are redescribed and a new species, Melanaspis pistaciae Hosseininaveh & Kaydan sp. n., is described. Phylogenetic trees based on molecular analysis of COI and 28S rDNA fragments placed all the species in separated clades and confirmed M. pistaciae as a new taxon which is concluded by morphological differences. Molecular analysis suggests non-monophyly of the populations of each species. Melanaspis pistaciae sp. n. has spread to most cultivated pistachio areas in Iran and has probably been misidentified as M. inopinata in the past. Further investigation of the biology of this species may lead to development of more effective approaches for controlling this pest.

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3

Liu, Tinglu, Shuangshuan Zhang, Yonghe Hao, Xiao Liang, and Mohsen Farshadfar. "Genome survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) accessions revealed by Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers." Caryologia 75, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1310.

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Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is the only cultivated and commercially important species in the genus Pistacia, consisting of a deciduous, dioeciously and wind-pollinated at least 11 tree species. Pistacia vera is native to north Afghanistan, northeast Iran, and central Asian republics. To investigate the genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera), we genotyped 30 cultivars of this species using 10 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. The SCoT markers generated 9-25 alleles (155 in total) with an average of 16 per locus. The highest value of percentage polymorphism (61.99%) was observed in Ghafori Rafsanjan (cultivars No.27) which shows high value for gene diversity (0.42) and Shanon, information index (0.39). Genotype Shahpasand (Pust Ghermez) (No.10) has the lowest value for percentage of polymorphism (20%) and the lowest value for Shanon, information index (0.15), and He (0.010). Genetic similarity values obtained from Dice’s coefficient ranged from 0.66 (between Akbari (Pust Ghermez) and Badami Dishkalaghi) to 0.88 (between populations Menghar Kalaghi and Kaleghochi (Pust Ghermez). The main objectives of this study were to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of pistachio cultivars in Iran. These results could benefit Irainian pistachio germplasm collection, conservation and future breeding.

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4

Gusella, Giorgio, Alessandro Vitale, and Giancarlo Polizzi. "Potential Role of Biocontrol Agents for Sustainable Management of Fungal Pathogens Causing Canker and Fruit Rot of Pistachio in Italy." Pathogens 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080829.

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Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is an important Mediterranean crop. In Italy, pistachio is cultivated in the southern regions, of which Sicily is the main production area. Recently, the phytopathological situation of this crop has started to be updated, and new diseases have been discovered, studied, and reported. Botryosphaeriaceae spp. and Leptosillia pistaciae are major canker/rot pathogens, and Cytospora pistaciae and Eutypa lata have been reported as minor canker pathogens. In this paper, we evaluated different biological control agents, belonging to Trichoderma asperellum, T. atroviride and T. harzianum, as well as some Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains, against above-mentioned pathogens. Results of dual culture assays showed that all the biological products, both fungi and bacteria, were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogens in vitro. Experiments using detached twigs showed no effect of biocontrol agents in reducing infections, except for Neofusicoccum hellenicum treated with T. harzianum T22 and Leptosillia pistaciae treated with B. amyloliquefaciens D747. Results of detached fruit experiments showed an efficacy ranging from 32.5 to 66.9% of all the biological products in reducing the lesions caused by N. mediterraneum. This study provides basic information for future research on biological control of pistachio diseases and future prospects for search of more effective biological control agents for canker diseases than those studied here.

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5

Kallsen, Craig E., and Dan E. Parfitt. "Leaflet Boron Concentration Reduced with Hybrid Pistacia vera Rootstocks." HortScience 57, no. 1 (January 2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16191-21.

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Excessive boron (B) in soil and water is a problem for pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) production in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. Although amenable, leaching of B requires more water than chlorine (Cl) or sodium (Na) and is increasingly difficult as B in irrigation water increases. The lack of subsurface drainage to the ocean increases soil salinity in many growing areas, especially on the west side of the SJV where B is often excessive natively in the soil and water. Pistachio rootstocks that can tolerate or exclude B may be a partial solution. For the past decade in California, the dominant rootstock has been seedlings and clonal selections of University of California Berkeley 1 (UCB-1), which is a hybrid of P. atlantica × P. integerrima. This reliance on a genetically similar pool of rootstocks has constrained Pistacia’s genetic potential for adapting to high-salt environments. This study compared scion and rootstock leaflet B concentration of novel hybrid experimental rootstocks with variable percentages of P. vera and P. integerrima heritage with UCB-1. Rootstocks with P. vera heritage limited B in both rootstock and scion leaflets compared with UCB-1. In six trials conducted over several years, leaflet B in ungrafted hybrid rootstocks having 62.5% to 75% P. vera and 25% to 37.5% P. integerrima heritage had 27.6% to 43.1% lower B leaflet concentration than did UCB-1. Depending on the experiment and year, grafted rootstocks having 37.5% P. vera and 62.5% P. integerrima heritage had 46.8% to 70.8% lower B scion leaflet concentration than did UCB-1. Genetic variation in B uptake in Pistacia species and interspecific hybrids, and among individual seedlings within populations, allows the breeding of pistachio rootstocks more tolerant of excess B.

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6

Atli, H. S., and N. Kaska. "PISTACHIO ROOTSTOCKS BREEDING BY CROSSING PISTACIA VERA L. AND PISTACIA KHINJUK STOCKS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 591 (November 2002): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.591.9.

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7

Giblot-Ducray, Danièle, Alireza Marefat, Michael R. Gillings, Neil M. Parkinson, John P. Bowman, Kathy Ophel-Keller, Cathy Taylor, Evelina Facelli, and Eileen S. Scott. "Proposal of Xanthomonas translucens pv. pistaciae pv. nov., pathogenic to pistachio (Pistacia vera)." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 32, no. 8 (December 2009): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2009.08.001.

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8

Reza Hassani, Mohammad, Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani, Hamzeh Izadi, Mahmoud Shojai, and Mehdi Basirat. "Economic Injury Level of the Psyllid,Agonoscena pistaciae, on Pistachio,Pistacia veracv. Ohadi." Journal of Insect Science 9, no. 40 (June 2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.009.4001.

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9

Qian, Xiaohui, and Shahram Mehri. "Detecting DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in a wide pistachio germplasm by RAPD markers." Genetika 53, no. 2 (2021): 783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2102783q.

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Assessing the genetic diversity in the population is the prerequisite to start and develop plant breeding projects. Pistacia vera is considered as a commercial species of Pistacia genus. In Iran, Pistachio export is in the second place in terms of non-oil exports and in the first place among horticultural crops. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 11 pistachio genotype (Pistacia vera), from two provinces of Iran regions. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Akbari cultivars depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.028. Shannon information was high (0.49) in Seifadini cultivars. Akbari cultivars howed the lowest value, 0.029. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.261 to 2.700 in Shahpasand cultivars and Kalehghoochi cultivars. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.021-1.800 for Akbari cultivars and Moosaabadi cultivars .Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.38) in pistachio cultivars. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.33, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in pistachio cultivars.

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10

Dunn, Diane E., and Janet C. Cole. "Propagation of Pistacia chinensis by Mound Layering." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.2.109.

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Abstract Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis, Bunge.) is a commonly recommended landscape shade tree in the nursery and landscape industry. Currently, Chinese pistache trees are propagated commercially from seed, which results in highly variable branch habit and fall color. Mature Chinese pistache, like other Pistacia have proven difficult to root, graft, or bud successfully. This study was initiated to investigate the potential of mound layering as an alternative vegetative propagation method for producing genetically identical clones of superior mature Chinese pistache trees. Results from a greenhouse pre-trial in which trees were cut at two different heights and at three different morphological stages showed that significantly more shoots were produced when stock plants were cut 5 cm (2 in) above the soil line compared to 1 cm (0.4 in), and when trees completely broke dormancy before cutting. Field trials during two consecutive years evaluated four treatments consisting of 1) wound; 2) 17,500 ppm IBA; 3) wound and 17,500 ppm IBA 4) no wound, no IBA. In 1993, 77% and in 1994, 75%of wounded shoots treated with IBA produced roots.

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11

Shakerardekani, Ahmad, Roselina Karim, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali, and Nyuk Ling Chin. "Development of Pistachio (Pistacia veraL.) Spread." Journal of Food Science 78, no. 3 (March 2013): S484—S489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12045.

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12

Martinez-Palle, Esther, and Maria Herrero. "Male performance in pistachio(Pistacia vera)." Journal of Horticultural Science 69, no. 6 (January 1994): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1994.11516553.

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13

Perry, Ed, and Gary Hickman. "Correlating Foliar Nitrogen Levels with Growth in two Landscape Tree Species." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 24, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.019.

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Trials were conducted to determine the effect of applied soluble nitrogen fertilizer on leaf nitrogen concentrations and growth in valley oak (Quercus lobata) and Chinese pistache {Pistacia chinensis) trees. Leaf nitrogen concentrations in valley oak were not significantly affected by the fertilizer at 3,9,16, and 28 months following treatment. Leaf nitrogen concentrations in Chinese pistache were not significantly affected by the fertilizer at 9 and 12 months following treatment. The fertilizer treatments did not cause increases in trunk diameter growth in either species over the period of the study. Additionally, no correlation could be made between visual nitrogen deficiency symptoms and actual leaf nitrogen concentrations. Keywords. Nitrogen fertilization; ornamental tree nutrition; leaf analysis; Quercus lobata; Pistacia chinensis.

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14

Nouri, Mohamed T., Daniel P. Lawrence, Leslie A. Holland, David A. Doll, Craig E. Kallsen, Catherine M. Culumber, and Florent P. Trouillas. "Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungal Species Associated with Canker Diseases of Pistachio in California." Plant Disease 103, no. 9 (September 2019): 2397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1717-re.

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A survey was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in pistachio orchards throughout the San Joaquin Valley of California to investigate the occurrence of canker diseases and identify the pathogens involved. Cankers and dieback symptoms were observed mainly in orchards aged >15 years. Symptoms of canker diseases included brown to dark brown discoloration of vascular tissues, wood necrosis, and branch dieback. In total, 58 fungal isolates were obtained from cankers and identified based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin, calmodulin, actin 1, and translation elongation factor 1α) representing 11 fungal species: Colletotrichum karstii, Cytospora californica, Cytospora joaquinensis, Cytospora parapistaciae, Cytospora pistaciae, Diaporthe ambigua, Didymella glomerata, Diplodia mutila, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, Phaeoacremonium canadense, and Schizophyllum commune. Pathogenicity tests conducted in the main pistachio cultivars Kerman, Golden Hills, and Lost Hills using the mycelium-plug method indicated that all fungal species were pathogenic to Pistacia vera. All species tested caused cankers in pistachio branches, although virulence among species varied from high to moderate. Overall, N. mediterraneum and Cytospora spp. were the most widespread and virulent species associated with canker diseases of pistachio in California.

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15

Kamiab, F., A. Vesvaei, and B. Panahi. "MALE PERFORMANCE IN PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 726 (November 2006): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.726.20.

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16

Erdogan, V., B. Kunter, and M. Ayfer. "POLLEN DISPERSAL IN PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 470 (August 1998): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.470.40.

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17

Polito, Vito S., and Katherine Pinney. "Endocarp Dehiscence in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)." International Journal of Plant Sciences 160, no. 5 (September 1999): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314186.

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18

Bakhshi, Omolbanin, Ghodsieh Bagherzade, and Pouya Ghamari kargar. "Biosynthesis of Organic Nanocomposite Using Pistacia vera L. Hull: An Efficient Antimicrobial Agent." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (July 9, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4105853.

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Here presented a quick and easy synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Pistachio hull extract has been used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the preparation of CuNPs. This biosynthesis is a kind of supporter of the environment because chemical agents were not used to making nanoparticles, and on the other hand, it prevents the release of pistachio waste in nature and its adverse effects on nature. The biosynthesized CuNPs and CuNPs/silver Schiff base nanocomposite (CSS NC) were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). CuNP and CSS NC antimicrobial activity was examined by both well diffusion and determination MIC methods against four bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two fungi Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. CuNPs and CSS NC showed significant antimicrobial activity on the samples, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi at very low concentrations. CuNPs and CSS NC had the greatest effect on Escherichia coli bacteria and Aspergillus niger fungi. Phenolic compounds are one of the most important antioxidants that are involved in various fields, including pharmacy. Pistacia vera hull is a rich source of phenolic compounds. In this study, the most phenolic compound in Pistacia vera hull is gallic acid and rutin, which has been identified by HPLC analysis. In this study, Pistacia vera hull essential oil analysis was performed by the GC-MS method, in which α-pinene, D-limonene, and isobornyl acetate compounds constitute the highest percentage of Pistacia vera hull essential oil.

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19

Avanzato, D., F. Monastra, L. Corazza, L. de Palma, V. Novello, A. Fabbri, L. Dollo, et al. "THE ITALIAN RESEARCH ON PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 419 (December 1995): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.419.66.

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20

Bisignano, Carlo, Angela Filocamo, Richard M. Faulks, and Giuseppina Mandalari. "In vitroantimicrobial activity of pistachio (Pistacia veraL.) polyphenols." FEMS Microbiology Letters 341, no. 1 (February 11, 2013): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12091.

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21

Abousalim, A., and S. H. Mantell. "Micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Mateur)." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 29, no. 3 (June 1992): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00034357.

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22

Ganji, Zahra, Foad Fatehi, Fatemeh Habibpour Mehraban, Paul A. Haynes, Vahid Hosseni Naveh, and Naser Farrokhi. "Comparative Pistacia vera leaf proteomics in response to herbivory of the common pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistaciae)." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 16, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-022-09891-3.

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23

DAVARYNEJAD, Gholamhossein, Mehdi ZAREI, and Peter Tamas NAGY. "Identification and Quantification of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Pistacia." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2013): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb549115.

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The levels of heavy metals are very important in pistachio nuts, because the edible nuts have an important and increasing role in human nutrition. Pistachio is one of the native nuts of Iran which contains high genetic resources, but there is insufficient information regarding nutritional properties and other elements like heavy metals. The objective of the present study was to investigate and compare heavy metals contents in the kernels of various pistachio samples including; ‘Daneshmandi’, ‘Sephid’, ‘Garmeh’, ‘Momtaz’, ‘Ahmad Aghaei’, ‘Badami Zarand’, Pistacia atlantica Desf. (‘Baneh’), Pistacia vera ‘Sarakhs’ and chance seedling as ‘Non-grafted 1’, ‘Non-grafted 2’ and ‘Non-grafted 3’. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometer (ICP) was used for the determination of aluminium, chromium, nickel, copper, strontium, arsenic, cadmium and cobalt concentrations in pistachio kernels. This study showed that there were significant differences among the samples in all measured heavy metals except the arsenic, cadmium and cobalt. The content of aluminium varied from 3.22 to 9.59 (mg kg-1 of dry matter) and chromium concentration from 0.60 to 1.86 (mg kg-1 of dry matter). The nickel content of examined pistachio samples was found between 0.43 and 3.63 (mg kg-1 of dry matter) and copper ranged from 3.20 to 12.33 (mg kg-1 of dry matter). The strontium content was observed between 4.96 and 24.93 (mg kg-1 of dry matter). The contents of arsenic, cadmium and cobalt not reported, because their amounts were lower than the detection limit of the applied measuring method (ICP). These data demonstrated that the concentrations of heavy metals in pistachios varied by cultivar.

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Stevenson, M. T., and K. A. Shackel. "Alternate Bearing in Pistachio as a Masting Phenomenon: Construction Cost of Reproduction versus Vegetative Growth and Storage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 6 (November 1998): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.6.1069.

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Whole-tree effects of alternate bearing on the reproductive growth, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate storage in mature pistachio (scion Pistacia vera L., rootstock Pistacia atlantica Desf.) were examined. Although it is generally accepted that the “off” year in pistachio may be used to accumulate carbohydrate reserves, it was found that starch and sugars from the “off” year equaled only 8% of the construction cost of the “on” year's fruit load. The dry mass increase in perennial woody tissue of roots, trunk and branches in the “off” year (20.2 kg/tree), was 75% of the mass of fruit in “on” trees (26.4 kg/tree). When construction cost of wood and fruit is considered, “off” year woody tissue growth is 64% of “on” year fruit growth. Since previous studies have shown that leaf dry mass is generally 30% greater in “off” than “on” pistachio trees, we conclude that the overall production of biomass in “off” and “on” year pistachio is similar. Therefore, we suggest that the “off” year is not a period of substantial storage carbohydrate accumulation, but rather a switch in allocation from reproductive to vegetative growth. This is consistent with ecologically based theories of the adaptive advantage of masting behavior, and suggests that withholding water and fertilizer during the “off” year may not harm “on” year yield.

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Stamler, Rio A., James Kilcrease, Craig Kallsen, Elizabeth J. Fichtner, Peter Cooke, Richard J. Heerema, and Jennifer J. Randall. "First Report of Rhodococcus Isolates Causing Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome on ‘UCB-1’ Rootstock in California and Arizona." Plant Disease 99, no. 11 (November 2015): 1468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-14-1340-re.

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‘UCB-1’ (Pistacia atlantica × Pistacia integerrima) rootstock is a hybrid cultivar widely used by the U.S. pistachio industry. In the last three years, a large number of micropropagated UCB-1 pistachio rootstocks planted in California and Arizona orchards exhibited shortened internodes, stunted growth, swollen lateral buds, bushy/bunchy growth, stem galls with multiple buds, and twisted roots with minimal lateral branching. Field T-budding success in affected orchards was reduced to approximately 30% with unusual bark cracking often observed around the bud-union. The percentage of abnormal rootstocks within affected orchards varied from 10 to 90%. We have termed the cumulative symptoms “pistachio bushy top syndrome” (PBTS) to describe these affected trees. Two isolates, both containing virulence factors from the phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians, were identified on symptomatic trees in field and nursery samples. Micropropagated UCB-1 trees inoculated with the Rhodococcus isolates exhibited stunted growth, shortened internode length, swollen lateral buds, sylleptic branching, and differences in root morphology, compared with control UCB-1 trees. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Rhodococcus isolates, related to Rhodococcus fascians, causing disease on a commercial tree crop and the results presented indicate that this organism is responsible at least in part for PBTS in California and Arizona.

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Haggag, Waffa M., M. S. M. Abou Rayya, and N. E. Kasim. "First Report of Septoria pistaciae Causing Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Egypt." Plant Disease 90, no. 12 (December 2006): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1553c.

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In May 2006, leaf spots were observed on approximately 60% of 8-year-old pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in an orchard located at Rhafah, north of Sinai, Egypt. These spots were typically circular, or occasionally irregular, with white-to-light tan or gray centers and a purple or brown border measuring 1 to 5 mm in diameter, or occasionally larger on the upper leaf surface. A narrow, brown border surrounded the spot, and with age, the lesion cracked. Spots occasionally turned brown and closed to form blotches. Fungal isolates from the leaf spots were identified as Septoria pistaciae on the basis of characteristics of pycnidia and conidia. From the leaf spots, numerous black pycnidia were found that produced hyaline conidia, 3 to 7 septate, generally filiform although tapering at one end, and measuring 46 to 75 × 3 to 4 μm. Pycnidia were dark, separate, globe shaped with an ostiole from which conidia were extruded, and erupted through the surface of infected plant tissue. Conidia were produced on short conidiophores. Single conidial isolations onto 2% malt agar consistently formed slow-growing, dark green colonies. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolate of S. pistaciae, a suspension of 5 × 105 conidia per ml in water was applied at 1 ml per leaf to 20 leaves of 10 rooted cuttings of pistachio trees in 30-cm pots. Ten controls were misted with water only. All plants were covered with plastic bags for 48 h on a greenhouse bench. Greenhouse temperatures ranged from 15 to 20°C with a 16-h photoperiod. After 6 days, all inoculated plants developed symptoms, and the fungus was reisolated from lesions. No symptoms were observed on control plants. S. pistaciae was previously reported on pistachio in Texas and Arizona (2,3). Reports included mention of its occurrence in the United States (California), Asia (Armenia Republic of Georgia, India, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), and Europe (Albania, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal) (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Septoria leaf spots of pistachio in Egypt. References: (1) T. Andrianova and D. Minler. Septoria pistaciae. Page 159 in: IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2004. (2) A. Chitzanidis. Ann. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki 10:29, 1956. (3) D. J. Young and T. Michailides. Plant Dis. 73:775, 1989.

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Hormaza, J. I., L. Dollo, and V. S. Polito. "676 PB 160 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PISTACHIO (Pistacia vera L.) CULTIVARS WITH RAPD MARKERS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 529f—529. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.529f.

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The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to characterize 15 cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). A total of 37 polymorphic markers were considered in this study. Each cultivar exhibited a unique molecular phenotype and, as a consequence, can be uniquely fingerprinted. A similarity and cluster analysis based on the amplified fragments produced two distinct groups which are consistent with the known geographical origin of the cultivars. Our results suggest that RAPD analysis can provide a new alternative for cultivar identification and classification of pistachio.

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Asali Fayaz, Bahman, Mohammad Khanjani, Samira Bakhshi, and Edward A. Ueckermann. "Immature stages and male of Paraseiulus amacroporus Faraji et al., (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Southwestern Iran." Acarologia 57, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20174201.

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This study presents the morphological characteristics of immature and adult male stages of Paraseiulus amacroporus Faraji, Jalaeian and McMurtry, 2008 (Phytoseiidae) collected from pistachio trees, Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae), Shiraz vicinity (Fars province), South west Iran. The genders of the deutonymphal stage can be determined by the number of paired setae in the opisthogaster (six in female vs. four in male).

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29

&NA;. "Pistacia lentiscus." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1413 (August 2012): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214130-00133.

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Ulusaraç, A., and R. Karaca. "ROOTSTOCK SELECTION FOR PISTACHIO NUT (PISTACIA VERA L.) VARIETIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 419 (December 1995): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.419.48.

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Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "CONTROL OF SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT OF PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA)." HortScience 29, no. 12 (December 1994): 1408f—1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1408f.

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Studies were established in 1992 and 1993 in a mature commercial pistachio orchard to determine the effectiveness of several fungicides for control of septoria leaf spot (Septoria pistaciurum). Fungicide treatments used in 1992 were Bravo 720F at 3.0 lbs./A (ai.) and 4.5 lbs./A a.i.; Kocide 101 50W at 8.0 lbs./A a.i. plus Benlate 50W at 1.0 lb./A a.i. Fungicide treatments in 1993 were Bravo 825 WDG at 3.0 and 4.5 lbs./A a.i. and Benlate 50W at 2.0 lbs./A a.i. Treatment replications consisted of two treated trees separated by nontreated trees within the row and nontreated tree rows dividing treated rows. At crop maturity, disease severity was determined by counting the number of leaf spots caused by septoria on ten leaves collected at random from each of the two trees of each replicated plot. All treatments significantly reduced disease severity compared to trees receiving no fungicide treatments. Experimental plots were too small to detect any apparent effect of fungicide treatments on yield. Leaves around nut clusters not receiving fungicide treatments were senescent at crop maturity, while leaves on treated trees showed no sign of senescence.

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Chatibi, A., M. L. Kchouk, S. Thaminy, and A. Ghorbel. "SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA L.) CV. MATEUR." Acta Horticulturae, no. 470 (August 1998): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.470.64.

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Çelik, İ., and G. N. Demirer. "Biogas production from pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) processing waste." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2015.10.009.

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Saitta, Marcello, Daniele Giuffrida, Giovanna Loredana La Torre, Angela Giorgia Potortì, and Giacomo Dugo. "Characterisation of alkylphenols in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) kernels." Food Chemistry 117, no. 3 (December 2009): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.043.

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KOYUNCU, Ismail, Abdurrahim KOCYIGIT, Resat DIKME, and Sahbettin SELEK. "Phyotherapeutic Properties of Urfa Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.)." Bezmialem Science 6, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14235/bs.2018.1842.

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Maskan, Medeni, and Sukru Karatag. "Sorption Characteristics of Whole Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia Vera L.)." Drying Technology 15, no. 3-4 (January 1997): 1119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939708917282.

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Khezri, Masood, Richard Heerema, Gurreet Brar, and Louise Ferguson. "Alternate bearing in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.): a review." Trees 34, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 855–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-01967-y.

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Nejabat, Masoud, Mohammadreza Negahdarsaber, and Gholamreza Ghahari. "Range of soil and climate characteristics appropriate for Pistacia atlantica forest development and rehabilitation (case study: Fars province, Iran)." Journal of Water and Land Development 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0008.

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Abstract Investigation of ranges of soil and climate characteristics appropriate for the tolerant species: Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica according to field study was the main objective of this research. This study was carried out based on random sampling across 20×20 km wild pistachio forests of Fars province (Iran). Results showed that mountainous and hilly lands are the main land types that pistachio species have evolved on. Statistical analysis of physical and chemical soil characteristics based on principal component analysis (PCA) method showed that wide ranges in soil characteristics, even up to about 40% differentiation in some measured properties, did not restricts this subspecies natural growth. The main growth limiting factors were shallow soil depth and light soil texture that decreased storage capacity of soil moisture, necessary for wild pistachios survival during drought and long dry periods. Climatic elements were analysed through the same approach and showed that temperature, precipitation and wind with overall variability of 85.9% were the most effectual factors. Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica is one of the species refractory to various soil conditions and adapted to weak soils for the establishment and rehabilitation of forests in semi-arid regions.

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Zaloğlu, Sıdıka, Salih Kafkas, Yıldız Doğan, and Murat Güney. "Development and characterization of SSR markers from pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and their transferability to eight Pistacia species." Scientia Horticulturae 189 (June 2015): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.006.

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Gijón, M. C., J. Guerrero, J. F. Couceiro, and A. Moriana. "Deficit irrigation without reducing yield or nut splitting in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv Kerman on Pistacia terebinthus L.)." Agricultural Water Management 96, no. 1 (January 2009): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.06.004.

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Aznarte-Mellado, Cristina, Pedro J. Sola-Campoy, Francisca Robles, Carmelo Ruiz Rejón, Roberto de la Herrán, and Rafael Navajas-Pérez. "Mycorrhizal treatments increase the compatibility between Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars and seedling rootstock of Pistacia terebinthus L." Scientia Horticulturae 176 (September 2014): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.039.

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Kallsen, Craig E., and Dan E. Parfitt. "Comparisons of Scion/rootstock Growth Rates among U.S. Pistachio Cultivars." HortScience 46, no. 2 (February 2011): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.2.197.

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Scion and rootstock circumferences of seven male and 26 female cultivars or potential cultivars of pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) were measured at 16 locations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The trees were of variable age and on Pistacia integerrima-type or UCB1 (a P. atlantica Desf. × P. integerrima Stewart hybrid) rootstock. Differences were found in the ratio of scion to rootstock circumference (SRR) between the standard industry female cultivar Kerman and the other cultivars collectively. ‘Kerman’ produced a smoother trunk with a SRR closer to one than other cultivars. The SRR was also affected by rootstock with values closer to one for UCB1 as compared with higher values for P. integerrima rootstocks. The relationship between SRR and tree age demonstrated here can be a tool for comparing, evaluating, and selecting new rootstocks with growth rates to match those of newly developed or introduced scion cultivars.

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Nogay, Gözde, Attar Hilal, Leyla Gunduz, Kafkas Salih, Ebru Kafkas, and Harun Karci. "Determination of the chlorophyll content of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) kernels using various extraction techniques." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 23, no. 4 (2019): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea1904199n.

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44

Labdelli, Amina, Roberto Roberto, Francesca Resentini, Livio Trainotti, Mohammed Tahirine, and Othmane Merah. "Evaluation of Genetic Variability among Three Pistacia Species Using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) Marker." Diversity 14, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121051.

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Diversity in Pistacia has been evaluated at all molecular levels using the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) marker in three species (Pistacia atlantica subsp. atlantica; Pistacia vera and Pistacia terebinthus), and compared with other Pistacia species. Results showed that the ITS amplification and sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analyses, identify the species and confirm their classification, which revealed that it can be used as a marker. Our results suggest that ITS1 analyses might provide a simple and inexpensive approach to validate the species of samples collected from the natural population, where species identification can be difficult, especially if hybrids are present or if the season is not optimal for identifying differences in morphological traits.

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45

CAO, TONG, and JI-NIAN FENG. "The genus Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in China, with description of a new species and a new record." Zootaxa 4750, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4750.2.6.

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A new species of soft scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in the genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866 is recorded from Yunnan, China on Pistacia chinensis Bunge. Pulvinaria pistaciae Cao & Feng sp. n. is described and illustrated, based on adult female morphology. Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius, 1957 is recorded for the first time from China (Henan and Shaanxi). A key to the adult females of Pulvinaria species known to occur in China is provided, and a table to show their distributions in various zoogeographical regions in China.

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46

Mir-Makhamad, Basira, Rasmus Bjørn, Sören Stark, and Robert N. Spengler Spengler. "Pistachio (Pistacia vera) Domestication and Dispersal out of Central Asia." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081758.

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The pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is commercially cultivated in semi-arid regions around the globe. Archaeobotanical, genetic, and linguistic data suggest that the pistachio was brought under cultivation somewhere within its wild range, spanning southern Central Asia, northern Iran, and northern Afghanistan. Historically, pistachio cultivation has primarily relied on grafting, suggesting that, as with many Eurasian tree crops, domestication resulted from genetically locking hybrids or favored individuals in place. Plant domestication and dispersal research has largely focused on weedy, highly adaptable, self-compatible annuals; in this discussion, we present a case study that involves a dioecious long-lived perennial—a domestication process that would have required a completely different traditional ecological knowledge system than that utilized for grain cultivation. We argue that the pistachio was brought under cultivation in southern Central Asia, spreading westward by at least 2000 years ago (maybe a few centuries earlier to the mountains of modern Syria) and moved eastward only at the end of the first millennium AD. The seeds remain rare in archaeological sites outside its native range, even into the mid-second millennium AD, and may not have been widely cultivated until the past few hundred years.

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Picchioni, G. A., S. Miyamoto, and J. B. Storey. "LEAKAGE OF UV-ABSORBING SOLUTES FROM SALT-AFFECTED ROOT TIPS OF PISTACHIO ROOTSTOCKS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1136e—1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1136e.

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Excised root tips from 3-year-old pistachio rootstock (Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. terebinthus L., and P. integerrima Stewart × atlantica) were exposed to laboratory saline solutions for 24 hr. Treatments simulated the compositions of soil solutions in a previous 2-year study made in outdoor lysimeters. Leakage of UV-absorbing solutes, an indication of cellular damage, occurred with 175 mM Na/12.5 mM Ca, which was comparable to soil salinity which increased leaf Na concentrations and decreased root growth of these species Up to. five times higher leakage occurred from roots of a P. terebinthus genotype having least Na exclusion potential during the lysimeter study. Use of isotonic levels of CaCl2, mannitol, and simulated Na/Ca solutions resulted in similar damage. However, isotonic Na (-Ca) caused highest leakage overall. Correlation between long-term observations in the lysimeters and leakage occurrence-in the laboratory indicates that solute leakage tests may aid in characterizing responses of Pistacia spp. roots cocks to saline conditions.

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Nikpeyma, Y., S. Caglar, E. Ak, and I. Acar. "BUDDING SUCCESS OF PISTACIA INTEGERRIMA ON DIFFERENT PISTACIA ROOTSTOCKS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 470 (August 1998): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.470.33.

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Mandalari, Giuseppina, Davide Barreca, Teresa Gervasi, Michael A. Roussell, Bob Klein, Mary Jo Feeney, and Arianna Carughi. "Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.): Production, Nutrients, Bioactives and Novel Health Effects." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010018.

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Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo through animal studies and clinical trials. The antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio polyphenols has also been assessed and could help overcome drug resistance. Pistachio consumption may play a role in cognitive function and has been associated with a positive modulation of the human gut microbiota and beneficial effects on skin health. Pistachio polyphenol extracts may affect enzymes involved in glucose regulation and so type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate the health benefits of including pistachios in the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms involved.

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Crane, Julian C., and Ben T. Iwakiri. "Pistachio Yield and Quality as Affected by Rootstock." HortScience 21, no. 5 (October 1986): 1139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.5.1139.

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Abstract Trunk cross-sectional area of ‘Kerman’ pistachio trees on Pistacia atlantica Desf. seedling rootstocks varied widely after 24 years. Average annual nut yield was positively related to trunk cross-sectional area. Degree of shell splitting and blank nut production also were influenced by rootstock. Two trees were identified that were the most vigorous, had the greatest yields, and produced excellent crops annually in contrast to the others that exhibited severe biennial bearing.

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