Dissertations / Theses: 'Pistacia'

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Abousalim, Abdelhadi. "Micropropagation and micrografting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia atlantica Desf.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8232.

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Vatanpour-Azghandi, Ali. "Regeneration and micropropagation studies in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)." Thesis, University of Salford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313907.

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Shuraki, Yahya Dehghani. "Pollen tube growth and fruit development of Pistacia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5618.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Bibliography: leaves 127-154. Pollination and fruit development were investigated in relation to abscission and abnormalities, specifically, blanking, semi-blanking, non-splitting and premature splitting of fruit. Pollen germination was assessed in Pistacia vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus. The pollen tube pathway in pistachio was documented precisely. Growth periods of normal and abnormal pistachio fruits were investigated.

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Onay, Ahmet. "In vitro organogenesis and embryogenesis of pistachio, Pistacia vera L." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12731.

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Methods were developed for organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of pistachio, Pistacia vera L. cv 'Antep', using tissues from seedlings, mature trees, immature fruits, zygotic embryos and juvenile leaf explants. A method was described for the establishment of embryonic cell suspension cultures. A procedure for the activation of meristem tips taken from 50-year old mature trees was also established. The factors controlling the initiation, maturation, germination, embling development, and acclimatisation of emblings derived from immature fruit explants were investigated. The induction of EMS was dependent on the type and concentration of PGRs and on the type of explants employed. The cytokinin BAP was found to be essential for the induction of EMS from immature fruits cultured on a liquid MS medium. The effects of various carbohydrate sources on the embryogenic capacity of EMS were examined. The best growth in terms of fresh and dry weight production was obtained on sucrose or glucose within the concentration range 4-10% w/v. Somatic embryos were found to mature more rapidly in liquid medium. An original method of logistic analysis was developed for interpretation of the effects of multiple treatments and their interactions on the probabilities of embryo germination and embling development. The abscisic acid and benzylaminopurine concentrations, the durations of the embryo maturation treatments and of the culture period for germination and embling development showed the most significant effects on embryo germination and embling development, which were higher when mature somatic embryos were transferred onto germination medium in clusters than as individuals.

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Shahrokhi-Ebrahmi-Pour, Mariam. "Studies on species of Septoria causing leaf spots of pistachio (Pistacia vera)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/b6fa9998-2c1f-41ae-981d-ab9bc177d958/1/.

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Two pathogens Septoria pistaciarum and S. pistacina, causing leaf spot diseases of Pistachio (Pistacia vera) were studied. The morphology and ultrastructure of the two pathogens and also the ultrastructure of the host-pathogen interface were investigated. The conidia spores of both pathogens were narrowly elongate with several transverse septae and each cell contained one nucleus. Spore length and cell number were positively correlated. Spore germination was shown in detail in S. pistaciarum. Spore germination, initially an increase in volume followed by an increase in length by cell division, and germination by the production of twin-pairs of secondary septate spores and/or hyphal germ tubes. A pattern of cell division, polarity and germination was established and an interactive model was described. The spore growth initially followed linear kinetics and then became exponential. The production of hyphal tips hecame continuous exponential at the same time and the hyphal growth unit stabilised at 40-60 urn. The germination pattern could be altered by manipulation of the nitrogen or phosphate source and levels in the medium. In the resting spore the wall was composed of three layers an outer layer (o) and two inner layers I1 and I2. Each primary septum was a duplex layer derived from I1 and I2 with an intermediate electron lucent layer. Perforation was simple with paired Woronin bodies. During increase in lengththe development of new (secondary) septa showed the crosswall material was derived from layer I2 and development was centripetal. The germ-tube wall was formed from wall layer I2 and wall layers 0 + I1 were disrupted. Secondary spores were formed enter oblastically. S. pistaciarum and S. pistacina were used in the ultrastructure of host-pathogen investigation, infection of the host by S. pistaciarum was by inoculation with conidia produced on culture whereas with S. pistacina inoculation was obtained from previously infected leaves. The spores germinated on the leaf surface and penetration was made by fine hyphae through the stomatal aperture in both species, growth of pathogen within the leaf was limited to the intercellular spaces. Penetration of the host cell wall did not occur. The hyphae were attached to mesophyll and palisade cells by an accumulation of extra-hyphal sheathing material. The initial host response to infection was shown by an accumulation of electron-dense material and disruption of the tonoplast, followed by disruption of chloroplasts and disorganisation of the host cell cytoplasm. Pycnidia were produced within the lesion. Pycnidial initials were formed in sub-stomatal spaces and spore tendrils were released on the leaf surface.

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Sheibani, Ahmad. "Tissue culture studies of Pistacia." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238801.

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AL-Saghir, Mohannad Ghazi. "Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28131.

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Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance. The evolutionary history of the genus and the taxonomic relationships among the species are controversial and not well understood. This study that has been conducted on this genus to refine taxonomic and evolutionary relationship utilizing different types of data (including morphology, anatomy and molecular) The studied species were the following: Pistacia aethiopica J. O. Kokwaro, P. atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge, P. eurycarpa Yaltirik, P. falcata Becc. ex Martelli, P. integerrima Stew. ex Brand., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L., P. mexicana HBK, P. mutica Fisch. & Mey., P. palaestina Boiss., P. terebinthus L., P. texana Swingle, P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data strongly supported the monophyly of Pistacia. The genus divided into two monophyletic groups. One group (Section Pistacia) contains P. atlantica, P. chinensis, P. eurycarpa, P. falcata, P. integerrima, P. khinjuk, P. mutica, P. palaestina, P. terebinthus, and P. vera while the other group (Section Lentiscus) contains P. aethiopica, P. lentiscus, P. mexicana, P. texana, and P. weinmannifolia. In anatomical analysis, all species had anomocytic stomata. In most species, the stomata density was higher on the abaxial surface than the adaxial. The ratio of abaxial to adaxial stomatal density varied from 0.0 to 1.7. Stomatal distribution may provide insights into how Pistacia species evolve in terms of leaf anatomy and respond to different climatic changes. Stomatal distribution changed (losing stomata on either surface) as the genus moved into regions of higher rainfall. This study revealed leaflets of P. vera, which have random orientation, were isobilateral, while leaflets of the other species were dorsiventral and were oriented horizontally. RAPD analysis showed that P. khinjuk and P. vera are very close species. This study provides more insights into understanding the evolution, taxonomy and genetics of this economically important genus.
Ph. D.

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Ben, Douissa Faouzia. "Étude chimique et biologique de Pistacia lentiscus L." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE18010.

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Dans l'objectif de valoriser les plantes de la pharmacopée tunisienne, l'étude chimique et biologique des feuilles de Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) a été réalisée. Les résultats sont présentés dans deux grands chapitres : travaux antérieurs, et travaux expérimentaux. Après la présentation des travaux antérieurs, la seconde partie du manuscrit illustre la préparation des extraits bruts et de l'huile essentielle, leur évaluation biologique, leur purification et enfin l'identification des produits purs. Les domaines d'activités biologiques explorés sont les actions anti-inflammatoire, anti-oxydante, antibactérienne, mutagène et antimutagène. Les extraits les plus polaires, ainsi que l'huile essentielle ont montré des activités intéressantes. L'analyse chimique de l'huile essentielle a permis de mettre en évidence 46 composés dont trois sont majoritaires et qui laissent supposer une composition typique de l'espèce tunisienne par rapport aux autres lentisques du pourtour méditerranéen. Parallèlement aux composés volatiles, l'extrait butanolique et les oligomères flavoniques totaux (OFT) ont été étudiés. Douze composés purs ont été obtenus et identifiés. Il s'agit de l'acide gallique, du benzoate de méthyle, de l'afzéline, la myricitrine, la 3-O-rutinosyl-myricétine, l'arbutine, le b-glucopyranosyl orcinol, du para-hydroxybenzoate de b-glucopyranose, de l'acide 3,5-O-digalloyl quinique, du 3,5-O-digalloyl-a-quinate de méthyle, du (1S,4R,6S)-1,8-epoxy-p-menthan-6-yl-O-b-glucopyranoside et de l’acide 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-hexylidène acétique. Ainsi ce travail a permis de compléter l'analyse phytochimique des feuilles de P. Lentiscus de Tunisie. Un lien a pu être établi entre ses activités anti-inflammatoires et son utilisation en médecine traditionnelle. De plus, d'autres activités ont été démontrées pour la première fois pour cette plante ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives quant à l'utilisation des extraits de cette plante comme phytomédicament
In the aim of valorization of plants extracts from Tunisian Pharmacopoeia, a phytochemical and biological study was realized on leaves of Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae), a well-known aromatic plant. In this manuscript the results are presented in two chapters: literature data, and experimental data. The latter part shows out the extraction procedures, the biological tests, the purification methods and structural elucidations of pure components. The biological evaluations concern the anti-inflammatory, mutagenesis/anti-mutagenesis, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidative effects. Polar extracts and the essential oil exhibited interesting activities. Chemical study of the essential oil revealed 46 different compounds with three major one, which were indicative of a presumed typical chemotype for the Tunisian lentisc leaves essential oil, compared to other Mediterranean species. The non volatile fraction was also analyzed and lead to the identification of twelve pure components. They were identified as : gallic acid, methyl benzoic ester, afzelin, myricitrin, 3-O-rutinosyl-myricetin, arbutin, b-glucopyranosyl-orcinol, b-glucopyranosyl para-hydroxybenzoic ester, 3,5-O-digalloyl-quinic acid, 3,5-O-digalloyl-a-quinic methyl ester, (1S,4R,6S)-1,8-epoxy-p-menthan-6-yl-O-b-glucopyranoside, and 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-hexylidene acetic acid. In conclusion, this work is a complement of the literature data with the phytochemical study of leaves of P. Lentiscus from Tunisia. A link was established between its anti-inflammatory effects and its use as traditional medicine. Additionally, other activities have been demonstrated for the first time in this plant. This would open new perspectives concerning the used of these extracts as phytomedicines

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Al-Barazi, Ziad. "Root formation and development in cuttings of Pistacia vera, Corylus avellana and Prunus avium in relation to applied auxins and auxin oxidation in Pistacia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248888.

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Ghoraishi, Khorasgani Seyed Reza. "Studies on the improvement of micropropagation of Pistacia mutica and P. vera." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248225.

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Sharifi, Mohammad S. "Fractionations and analysis of trunk exudates from pistacia genus in relation to antimicrobial activity." Thesis, View thesis, 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/35517.

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H. pylori is one of the most significant discoveries in gastroenterology in the past century. It is associated with a wide range of gastroduodenal pathologies and gastric cancer. Antibiotic resistance in H. pylori has emerged as a significant clinical problem. The body of work contained within this dissertation was carried out to investigate an alternative therapy based on observations of the traditional therapy for gastric disease in the Middle East. One of these traditional therapies centres on plants belonging to the Pistacia genus. This study represents the first reported investigation into the composition and biological activity of the trunk bark exudates of Pistacia atlantica Kurdic (P. a. Kurdica), Pistacia atlantica Mutica (P. a. Mutica) and Pistacia atlantica Cabolica (P. a. Cabolica), resinous gums that have been termed here ‘Kurdica Gum’, ‘Mutica Gum ’ and ‘Cabolica Gum ’ respectively. The antimicrobial screening of the trunk exudates of the genus Pistacia led to the characterization of the most active fraction of the Kurdica gum. This fraction was subsequently subjected to sub-fractionation leading to the discovery of fundamentally new information that went beyond H. pylori, expanding the original parameters of the project. The extent of these findings suggests that new classes of antibiotics might have been discovered. Primary studies on their structure and potential mechanism of action has been undertaken. Thirteen novel antimicrobial agents were identified. Based on the characteristics of these isolated fractions, 50 new compounds were modelled; of which 30 hypothetically have an MIC consistent with contemporary antibiotics and could represent viable lead compounds for commercial development.

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Sharifi, Mohammad S. "Fractionations and analysis of trunk exudates from pistacia genus in relation to antimicrobial activity." View thesis, 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/35517.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2006.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliography.

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Chaabani, Emna. "Eco-extraction et valorisation des métabolites primaires et secondaires des différentes parties de Pistacia lentiscus." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0714.

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Le développement de la chimie verte, l’épuisement des ressources pétrolières et la prise de conscience des risques liée à l’utilisation des solvants pétroliers ont conduit à la recherche de nouvelles alternatives pour réduire l’utilisation des solvants nocifs non renouvelables tels que l’hexane. L’objectif de cette thèse a donc consisté en la recherche de solvants alternatifs plus respectueux de la santé et de l’environnement pour l’éco-extraction des composés phénoliques et des acides gras à partir des graines de Pistacia lentiscus et des arômes à partir de ces feuilles. Pour ce faire, une première approche in silico basée sur des outils de prédictions tels que COSMO-RS a été complétée par une approche expérimentale associée à des traitements chimiométriques. Cette démarche a conduit à la sélection de quatre solvants verts, le MetHF pour l’extraction des acides gras, l’EtOAc pour l’extraction des arômes, l’EtOH/H2O (70/30) pour l’extraction des polyphénols et des flavonoïdes et l’EtOH/H2O (80/20) pour l’extraction des anthocyanes. Par la suite, l’activité anti-inflammatoire de l’extrait lipidique obtenu par le MeTHF et l’activité antioxydante des extraits aromatiques et des extraits phénoliques de P. lentiscus ont été évaluées in vitro. Ces travaux ont montré que l’huile végétale a présenté une activité anti-inflammatoire potentielle, inhibant de 91,9% la libération d’oxyde nitrique (NO.) dans les macrophages RAW 264,7. De plus, les résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence la richesse des fruits en antioxydants. En effet, l’extrait obtenu par l’EtOH/H2O (80/20) a montré une activité antiradicalaire (IC50 = 2,39 μg/ml) comparable à celle de l’antioxydant de synthèse le Trolox (IC50 = 2,56 μg/ml). En outre, l’extrait aromatique de P. lentiscus obtenu avec l’EtOAc a présenté une activité antiradicalaire intéressante contre le DPPH (IC50 = 5,82 μg/ml)
The development of Green chemistry, the depletion of petroleum resources and the awareness of the risks associated to the use of petroleum solvents have led to search a new alternatives to reduce the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research of alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment for the eco-extraction of fatty acids and phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus fruits and aromas from these leaves. A first in silico approach using the COSMO-RS predictions was supplemented by an experimental approach paired with chemometrics analysis. This led to selection of four alternative solvents, MeTHF for oil extraction, EtOAc for aromas extraction, EtOH/H2O (70/30) for polyphenols and flavonoids extraction and EtOH/H2O (80/20) for anthocyanins extraction. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of MeTHF lipid extract and the antioxidant activity of aromatic and phenolic extracts of P. lentiscus were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that vegetable oil exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% the release of (nitric oxide) NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, results highlighted the richness of the fruits in antioxidants. In fact, EtOH/H2O (80/20) extract showed a good antiradical activity (IC50 = 2.39 μg/ml) comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox (IC50 = 2.56 μg / ml). In addition, the aromatic extract obtained with EtOAc showed an interesting anti-radical activity against DPPH (IC50 = 5.82 μg/ml)

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Aydi, Abdelkarim. "Valorisation de quelques plantes médecinales [i.e. médicinales] issues de la flore tunisienne : extraction par CO2 supercritique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0386.

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L’extraction par fluide supercritique en particulier à l’aide du dioxyde carbone, présente plusieurs avantages par rapport aux procédés d’extraction classiques tels que le gain du temps, la sélectivité et l'absence de dégradation des substances extraites. Dans ce contexte, l’extraction des fleurs de Myrte et de Pisticia a été étudiée en déterminant leurs conditions optimales pour avoir un bon rendement. Cette étude a montré pour les deux plantes un rendement élevé en travaillant à des pressions importantes à l'ordre de 200 bars, à une basse température de 40°C et pour des particules de petites tailles de l’ordre de 220 µm. L'extrait de Myrte a montré une activité antioxydante meilleure que celle de l’huile essentielle de la même plante avec un IC50 de l‘ordre de 30 µg/ml. L'optimisation du pouvoir antioxydant des extraits de Pistacia par CO2 supercritique a montré un comportement différent de celui du rendement et pour des faibles pressions d’extraction (80 bars), l'activité antioxydante est meilleure. A 84 bars, l'étude a montré la possibilité d'obtenir un extrait présentant un rapport qualité prix meilleur pour des installations supercritiques industrielle de grandes tailles. Afin de valoriser nos recherches et de les concrétiser, l’ajout des extraits et des huiles essentielles a des produits agroalimentaires a enrichi et a donné une valeur ajoutée qui peut représenter ure innovation dans le domaine agroalimentaire. Finalement, les résultats expérimentaux de l’extraction par CO2 supercritique d'extrait de Pistacia, ont été modélisés par le biais du modèle de Sovova (1994) et les résultats numériques de simulation obtenus sont en accord avec les travaux expérimentaux réalisés
The supercritical fluid extraction, using carbon dioxide, has several advantages over conventional methods of extraction such as the gain of time, selectivity and absence of extracted substances degradation. In this context, the extraction of myrtle flowers and Pistacia were studied by determining their optimal conditions for a good performance. This study showed for both plants high efficiency when working at high pressures in the order of 200 bars, at a low temperature of 40 ° C and for small particle sizes of the order of 220μm. The myrtle extract showed a better antioxidant activity than the essential oil of the same plant with an IC50 of about 30 μg / ml. The optimization of antioxidant extracts from Pistacia supercritical using CO2 showed different results from those for performance and we have good antioxidant activity for pressures of about 80 bars. At 84 bars, the study showed that we can have an extract with a better price-quality ratio for industrial supercritical installations of large sizes. The addition of extracts and essential oils to food products was enriching and has given an added value which can represent an innovation in the food industry. Finally, the experimental results for the extraction with supercritical CO2 of Pistacia extract were modeled through Sovova model (1994) for its reliability and the obtained numerical results agree with previous studies in the literature

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Gambin, Belinda. "Vegetation history and climate dynamics in Malta : a Holocene perspective." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4384.

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Cette thèse étudie la dynamique de la végétation Holocène pour Burmarrad dans le NW Malte et fournit une reconstruction paléoclimatique quantitative à base de pollen pour cet archipel méditerranéen situé au centre. Le record de pollen donne un nouvel aperçu l'échange végétation 7280-1730 cal BP qui correspondent bien avec other régional dossiers. La reconstruction du climat fournit également forte corrélation avec les sites du sud (en dessous de 40oN) de la Méditerranée. L'interprétation suggère un paysage initialement ouvert au début du néolithique, se développer en un dense Pistacia brousse ca. 6700 calBP. Depuis environ 4450 calBP le paysage devient de nouveau ouvert, coïncidant avec le début de l'âge du bronze sur l'archipel. Cette période coïncide avec une instabilité accrue du climat (entre 4500 et 3700 calBP) qui est suivie par une diminution progressive de la disponibilité de l'humidité de l'été à la fin de l'Holocène. Durant la période romaine début de l'occupation (1972-1730 calBP) le paysage reste généralement ouvert avec une augmentation modérée de Olea. Cette augmentation correspond à des preuves archéologiques pour la production de l'huile d'olive dans la région, avec l'augmentation des taxons cultivés des cultures et des espèces rudérales associés, ainsi que d'une hausse des cas d'incendies. Cette thèse propose également une synthèse des résultats d'un autre noyau (BM1) provenant de la même zone de chalandise, ainsi que les résultats d'une étude préliminaire de la pluie de pollen de surface moderne. L'archipel fournit des indications sur la végétation, les impacts humains et les changements climatiques dans un contexte de l'île au cours de l'Holocène
This thesis investigates the Holocene vegetation dynamics for Burmarrad in north-west Malta and provides a pollen-based quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstruction for this centrally located Mediterranean archipelago. The pollen record from this site provides new insight into the vegetation changes from 7280 to 1730 cal BP which correspond well with other regional records. The climate reconstruction for the area also provides strong correlation with southern (below 40oN) Mediterranean sites. The interpretation suggests an initially open landscape during the early Neolithic, surrounding a large palaeobay, developing into a dense Pistacia scrubland ca. 6700 cal BP. From about 4450 cal BP the landscape once again becomes open, coinciding with the start of the Bronze Age on the archipelago. This period is concurrent with increased climatic instability (between 4500 and 3700 cal BP) which is followed by a gradual decrease in summer moisture availability in the late Holocene. During the early Roman occupation period (1972 to 1730 cal BP) the landscape remains generally open with a moderate increase in Olea. This increase corresponds to archaeological evidence for olive oil production in the area, along with increases in cultivated crop taxa and associated ruderal species, as well as a rise in fire events. This thesis also provides a synthesis with the results from another core (BM1) taken from the same catchment area, as well as results of a preliminary modern surface pollen rain study. The Maltese archipelago provides important insight into vegetation, human impacts and climatic changes in an island context during the Holocene

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Hoppen, Carolina. "Efeitos do estresse biótico na expressão de terpenos em plantas: Varronia curassavica Jacq. and Pistacia palaestina Boiss." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3260.

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Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os terpenos constituem a classe de produtos naturais com maior diversidade química e estrutural, estando associados ao metabolismo das plantas e às interações destas com outros organismos. Estes compostos, as enzimas que os sintetizam e as plantas que os produzem são amplamente estudados em diferentes aspectos. Para melhor compreensão da expressão de terpenos em plantas sob estresse biótico, as espécies Varronia curassavica e Pistacia palaestina foram estudadas neste trabalho. Folhas de V. curassavica contém óleo essencial rico em sesquiterpenos com propriedades anti-inflamatórias, especialmente α-humuleno and β-cariofileno. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas do seu metabolismo em função da aplicação de dois eliciadores naturais no conteúdo de sesquiterpenos de V. curassavica. Para isso, as plantas receberam a aplicação de acibenzolar-S-metil (500 mg L-1), 1,6 β-D-glucano obtido a partir de Lasiodiplodia theobromae (50 mg L-1) e água destilada como controle, sendo realizada as avaliações de trocas gasosas, atividade das enzimas fenilalanina amônia-liase, superóxido dismutase, peroxidase e catalase, bem como a análise química do óleo essencial. Acibenzolar-S-metílico reduziu significativamente a taxa líquida de assimilação de carbono e a concentração intercelular de CO2, enquanto que 1,6 β-D-glucano reduziu significativamente apenas a concentração intercelular de CO2. O maior rendimento de óleo essencial (0.819%) foi obtido em plantas eliciadas por 1,6 β-D-glucano. As proporções relativas e a quantidade de α-humuleno e β-cariofileno não diferiram entre os tratamentos, porém os eliciadores aumentaram significativamente a atividade da enzima guaiacol peroxidase. Os terpenos estão presentes nas folhas e galhas de Pistacia palaestina. Apesar do mecanismo de desenvolvimento das galhas ainda não ter sido completamente elucidado, sabe-se que espécies de afídeos como Baizongia pistaciae L. manipulam anatomicamente, fisiologicamente e quimicamente as plantas hospedeiras em seu benefício. Por este motivo, o isolamento e a caracterização funcional dos genes que codificam terpeno sintases em galhas induzidas por B. pistaciae, bem como sua expressão relativa por RT-qPCR em folhas e galhas de P. palaestina foram os objetivos deste trabalho. A expressão heteróloga foi realizada em E. coli pLYS-BL21, sendo as reações enzimáticas feitas com proteínas purificadas e usando geranil difosfato (GPP) ou farnesil difosfato (FPP) para testar a atividade das enzimas como mono- e sesquiterpeno sintases, respectivamente. Para o experimento de RT-qPCR, foi selecionado um gene referência entre actina, ciclofilina, fosfoglicerato quinase, RNA polimerase II, α-tubulina e ubiquitina. Em seguida, realizaram-se reações com as terpeno sintases para avaliar as diferenças nos níveis de expressão em folhas não colonizadas e galhas. Foram isoladas e caracterizadas duas monoterpeno sintases (PpTPS281 e PpTPS809) e uma sesquiterpeno sintase (PpTPS232) em P. palaestina. PpTPS281 produziu exclusivamente D-limoneno a partir de GPP, enquanto PpTPS809 produziu vários monoterpenos a partir de GPP e PpTPS232 catalisou a formação de diferentes sesquiterpenos a partir de FPP. Os resultados da RT-qPCR mostraram que o gene actina é o mais apropriado para ser usado na comparação de expressão de genes de folhas não colonizadas e galhas induzidas por B. pistaciae. Os níveis de expressão dos três genes foram significativamente aumentados em galhas (de 2,21- a 96.5-vezes), quando comparados com folhas.
Terpenes are a large and diverse class of natural products, being associated with plant metabolism and interactions with other organisms. Nowadays compounds and enzymes of the terpenes pathway in plants are widely studied in different aspects. Varronia curassavica and Pistacia palaestina were the selected species to study the biotic stress effects on terpenoids expressions. Leaves of V. curassavica are the commercial source α-humulene and β-caryophyllene, sesquiterpenes with anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two natural elicitors on the sesquiterpene content of V. curassavica. Thus, field grown plants received the application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (500 mg L-1), 1,6 -D-glucan obtained from Lasiodiplodia theobromae (50 mg L-1) and distilled water as a control. Gas exchange rate, terpene enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activity and essential oil content in leaves were measured. Acibenzolar-S-methyl reduced significantly the net carbon assimilation rate and the intercellular CO2 concentration, while1,6 -D-glucan reduced significantly only the intercellular CO2 concentration. The highest essential oil yield (0.819%) was obtained in plants elicited with 1,6 -D-glucan. The content of α-humulene and β-caryophyllene did not differ among treatments however the elicitors provided a significant increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity. Terpenes are present in Pistacia palaestina in leaves and in horn-shaped galls. The mechanism of gall development remains unknown, however it is clear Baizongia pistaciae L., an aphid species, manipulates their hosts anatomy, physiology, and chemistry for their own benefit. To isolate and functional characterize terpene synthase genes from galls induced by B. pistaciae as well as their gene relative expression by RT-qPCR in leaves and galls of P. palestina were the aims of this study. The heterologous expression was performed in E. coli pLYS-BL21 cells, being enzymatic assay reactions made with the purified proteins using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) or farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to test for possible mono- and sesquiterpene synthase activity, respectively. For relative real-time PCR, it was selected an appropriate reference gene between actin, cyclophilin, phosphoglycerate kinase, RNA polymerase II, α-tubulin and ubiquitin. After selection, it was performed reactions with terpene synthases genes to evaluate differences in expression levels in P. palaestina non-colonized leaves and galls. Two monoterpene synthases (PpTPS281 and PpTPS809) and one sesquiterpene synthase (PpTPS232) were isolated and characterized in P. palaestina. PpTPS281 produced exclusively D-limonene from GPP, while PpTPS809 produced several monoterpenes from GPP and PpTPS232 catalyzed the formation of different sesquiterpenes from FPP. Real-time PCR results showed that actin is the most proper gene to be used for genes expression studies between non-colonized P. palaestina leaves and galls induced by B. pistaciae. The levels of expression of the genes were significantly upregulated in galls (from 2,21- to 96.5-fold) when compared to leaves.

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17

Muller, Anton Michael. "The effects of rest breaking agents, pruning and evaporative cooling on budbreak, flower bud formation and yield of three pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) cultivars in a climate with moderate winter chilling." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20449.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The climate around Prieska differs from other pistachio growing regions in the world in that it receives fewer winter chilling units, has higher maximum temperatures during winter and spring and receives summer rainfall. This possibly results in the observed delayed foliation, flower bud and inflorescence abortion, low fruit set and other flowering disorders, which lower yield potential. In order to increase yields, winter pruning, evaporative cooling and chemical rest breaking were investigated on ‘Ariyeh’, ‘Shufra’ and ‘Sirora’ pistachio trees. Tip-pruning (to remove <2.5cm) and severe heading cuts (to remove 35-45%) of one-year old wood were compared and 4% hydrogen cyanimide (Dormex®), 4% mineral oil (Budbreak®) as well as the combination (0.5% Dormex® + 4% Budbreak®) used as rest breaking agents. Bud break, reproductive bud differentiation, die-back, flower bud retention during winter and early summer as well as yield were evaluated. The results emphasised the interaction of rest breaking and pruning effects, with genetic chill requirements and environmental influences - specifically winter chill build-up. Severe pruning was detrimental to flower bud formation as well as yield. The bud break data suggests that the ability of some rest breaking chemicals to promote lateral development may be explained by their potential to impede the development of apical dominance, rather than a direct effect on the lateral buds. The inability of the chemical treatments to increase yield consistently might indicate other factors involved or that the average winter chill of Prieska is below the minimum amount necessary for adequate rest breaking effects on yield. Evaporative cooling was used to counteract potential negative effects of high maximum day temperatures during autumn and spring on flower bud retention, fruit set and yield. Cooling during autumn (May + June, Southern hemisphere), spring (August + September, Southern hemisphere) and the combination of autumn + spring were investigated during two seasons. Flower bud retention during winter and early summer, flowering patterns, as well as yield were evaluated. The significant effects obtained with evaporative cooling - specifically in autumn + spring, indicated the important role climatic conditions play during both stages of entering and exiting dormancy of pistachio trees. Although all differences are not yet clearly understood, the fact that evaporative cooling resulted in substantially higher yields in the case of ‘Ariyeh’ and ‘Shufra’ in an area with sub-optimal pre-blossom temperatures and less than 40% of the required winter chill of pistachio, emphasises its potential in horticultural management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Prieska se klimaat verskil van ander pistachio-produksie areas in die wêreld deurdat minder winterkoue-eenhede opgebou word, dit hoër maksimum temperature het gedurende die winter en lente en ’n somer-reënvalgebied is. Dit dra waarskynlik by tot die waargenome vertraagde bot, blomknop- en bloeiwyse abortering, lae vrugset en ander blom-afwykings. Aangesien hierdie faktore opbrengspotensiaal verlaag, is wintersnoei, verdampingsverkoeling en chemiese rusbreking ondersoek as moontlike bestuursoplossings. Tip- (om <2.5cm te verwyder) en topsnitte (om 35-45% te verwyder) van eenjarige lote is met mekaar vergelyk en 4% waterstofsianied (Dormex®), 4% minerale olie (Budbreak®) en hul kombinasie is as rusbrekers aangewend. Bot, blomknop-differensiasie, terug-sterwing, blomknopretensie gedurende winter en vroeë somer sowel as opbrengs is geëvalueer. Die resultate benadruk die onderlinge interaksie van rusbreking- en snoei-effekte met genetiese koue-behoeftes en omgewingseffekte - spesifiek die opbou van winterkoue. Topsnitte was nadelig vir blomknopvorming, sowel as opbrengs. Die bot-data doen aan die hand dat sommige chemiese rusbrekers se potensiaal om laterale breke te bevorder, verduidelik kan word deur hul vermoë om die ontwikkeling van apikale dominansie te onderdruk, eerder as ‘n direkte effek op die laterale knoppe. Die chemiese behandelings se onvermoë om opbrengs deurggaans te verbeter, mag daarop dui dat die gemiddelde winterkoue van Prieska laer is as die minimum hoeveelheid benodig alvorens chemiese rusbreker effekte op opbrengs verwag kan word. Potensiële negatiewe effekte van hoë maksimum dagtemperature gedurende die herfs en lente op blomknopretensie, vrugset en opbrengs is teengewerk deur middel van verdampingsverkoeling. Verkoeling gedurende herfs (Mei + Junie, Suidelike halfrond), lente (Augustus + September, Suidelike halfrond) en die kombinasie van herfs + lente is gedurende twee seisoene ondersoek. Blomknopretensie gedurende winter en vroeë somer, blompatrone, sowel as opbrengs is geëvalueer. Die betekenisvolle verskille verkry met verdampingsverkoeling, dui die belangrike rol aan wat klimaatstoestande gedurende beide stadiums van in-, sowel as uitgang uit dormansie speel in pistachiobome. Hoewel alle verskille nog nie verklaar kan word nie, dien die feit dat verdampingsverkoeling tot substansiële opbrengste in die geval van ‘Ariyeh’ en ‘Shufra’ kon lei in ‘n area met suboptimale voor-bot temperature en gemiddeld minder as 40% bevrediging van die kouebehoefte van pistachios, as beklemtoning van die belang daarvan as hortologiese bestuursmiddel.

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18

Gutiérrez, Morales Andrea. "Anti-staphylococcal properties of Eichhornia crassipes, Pistacia vera, and Ziziphus amole leaf extracts: isolates from cattle and rabbits." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/95125.

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The desideratum aim of the present context was to assess the biopotency of methanolic extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes), Pistacia vera (P. vera), and Ziziphus amole (Z. amole) leaves against various staphylococcal strains, and to quantify the phenolics as well as saponin content in them. The antibacterial activity of various concentrations (62.5–1000 μg/mL) of plant extracts was tested against control clinical strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and S. aureus ATCC 43300), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA1 and MRSA2), oxacillin sensitive S. aureus (SOSA1 and SOSA2), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (CoNS1, CoNS2, and CoNS3) using disc diffusion assay. Leaf extracts of the three plants exhibited pronounced growth inhibitory characteristics against staphylococci in a dose dependent manner. E. crassipes extract depicted the highest relative percentage inhibition values against control clinical strains (68.6 ± 0.5%), while P. vera (68.6 ± 0.3%) and Z. amole (74.79 ± 0.3%) extracts showed pronounced relative inhibition values against staphylococcal strains isolated from cattle. Total phenols and saponin content of leaf extracts were investigated by standard in vitro methods. The methanolic extracts of these plants were found to comprise substantial content of phenolics and saponin at varying levels. The highest value of phenolics was estimated in P. vera extract (60.0 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid/g extract), followed by Z. amole (33.6 ± 1.4 mg gallic acid/g extract), and E. crassipes (23.0 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid/g extract). Saponin content for P. vera, Z. amole, and E. crassipes extracts were estimated as 41.0 ± 1.3, 35.8 ± 1.3, and 25.0 ± 1.2 mg diosgenin/g extract, respectively. The outcome of this study suggested the exploitation of methanolic extract of P. vera, Z. amole, and E. crassipes leaves for their possible application in ethnomedicine, particularly as drugs preparation against staphylococcal infections. In conclusion, the study indicates the biopotency of these plants against pathogenic MRSA present in cattle, and SOSA as well as CoNS bacteria present in rabbits, which could be a serious issue for livestock.

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19

Zahoueh, Salim. "Influence de l'allocation des ressources à la reproduction sur la croissance d'une espèce dioique : "Pistacia terebinthus L." (Anacardiaceae)." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20098.

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Cette etude porte sur l'influence de l'allocation des ressources a la reproduction sexuee sur la croissance d'un petit arbre dioique, pistacia terebinthus l. (anacardiaceae), assez repandu en region mediterraneenne. Les males investissent plus dans la biomasse florale que les femelles, alors que ces dernieres allouent beaucoup plus de ressources que les males sur l'ensemble de la periode de reproduction. Malgre cette difference, le sex-ratio et la croissance ne different pas sensiblement entre les deux sexes. La presence des fruits, chez les femelles, n'ameliore pas leur fonctionnement physiologique puisque l'assimilation du carbone des individus males est plus elevee que celle des femelles; ces dernieres subissent plus intensement la contrainte hydrique pendant la phase reproductive. En conditions experimentales, l'ablation des bourgeons floraux est associee a une augmentation de la biomasse vegetative des deux sens; elle parait etre a peu pres egale a l'investissement floral des rameaux temoins. Ainsi, la defoliation chez les femelles ne compromet pas la production des fruits, ce qu'il montre l'importance du role des metabolites de reserves racinaires dans la reproduction. Ces resultats montrent que les femelles peuvent compenser leur effort reproductif eleve par leur rythme d'investissement dans la reproduction au cours de la saison vegetative, leur alternance quasi complete a la floraison et le role des reserves racinaires dans la reproduction. Finalement, cette these suggere que la comprehension des relations entre croissance et reproduction doit etre recherchee en abordant la physiologie de l'arbre entier et en particulier celle des mecanismes de gestion pluriannuelle des metabolites de reserves

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20

Yousfi, Mohammed. "Etude des fractions lipidique et phénolique du pistachier de l'Atlas (Pistacia Atlantica), de la gale et du champignon inonotus hispidus associés." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30027.

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L'étude des fractions lipidique et phénotique de l'huile du finit du pistachier de l'Atlas (Pistacia atlantica) a permis de confirmer que les valeurs de ses indices physicochimiques appartiennent à la fourchette donnée pour les huiles végétales alimentaires mis à part la valeur de l'indice d'acidité qui est plus élevée. Les acides gras majoritaires trouvés dans l'huile du finit sont les acides oléique, palmitique et linoléique. Les triacylgiycérols ont été analysés par CLHP, les proportions des principales espèces moléculaires ont été identifiées et quantifiées. La distribution des acides gras en position Sn-2 et Sn-1+3 a été déterminée par hydrolyse enzymatique des triacylgiycérols par la lipase pancréatique de porc. La position Sn-2 est occupée principalement par les acides gras insatlirés oléique et linoléique. La teneur en tocophérols totaux est peu élevée (600mg/kg d'huile) et les deux isomères [alpha]- et [delta]-tocopbérols sont majoritaires. Les proportions relatives des stérols ont été déterminées par chromatographie gazeuse et les structures de six stérols ont été élucidées par spectrométrie de niasse. La quantification des phénols totaux et des flavonoîdes dans les extraits de feuilles, du fruit, de la gale et du champignon Inonotus hispidus montre que le pistachier de l'Atlas est une source importante de composés phénoliques. Onze composés phénoliques ont été pour la première fois isolés du pistachier de l'Atlas (acide gallique, gallate de méthyle, l'acide chlorogénique, la lutéoline, la lutéoline 7-glycoside, le kampférol, la naringine et la naringine 7-glycoside, l'hispidine, l'hispolone et son dérivé mélhoxylé qui est un nouveau produit La corrélation positive entre le TEAC et la teneur en composés phén. Oliques confirme la contribution de ces composés à l'activité antioxydante. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'arbre est une source importante en huile et en composés phénoliques naturels, ce qui Justifie l'utilisation des différentes parties de l'arbre en médecine traditionnelle
The chemical study of the lipidic and phenolic fractions of Pistacia atlanlica tree has been investigated. Except for the acid value, the physical and chemical examinations of the fruit oil are in agreement with most vegetable oils. The main fatty acids of the fruit oil were oleic, palmitic and linoleic. Triacylglycerols were analyzed by HPLC and the main species oftriacylglycerols were identified and quantified. The nature of fatty acids in the Sn-2 and Sn-1+3 glycerol positions have been determined by enzymatic hydrolysis using porcine pancreatic lipase. The Sn-2 position is occupied by the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). The main constituents of unsaponifiable matter have been analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative determination of tocopherols was carried out. The relative percentages of the sterolic compounds have been determined by gas chromatography and their structures identified by GC-MS. The quantification of the total phenolic compounds and flavonoids indicated that the different parts of the tree are rich in natural phenolic compounds. The antioxidant tests showed that the phenolic extracts have a strong antioxidant activity. The positive correlation between the TEAC and the amount of phenolic compounds confirms the contribution of the phenolic compounds to the antioxidant activity. Eleven phenolic compounds (gallic acid, gallic acid methyl ester, chlorogenic acid, luteoline, luteoline 7-glycoside, kampferol, naringine and naringine 7-glycoside, hispidine, hispolone and its methoxylated derivative) were isolated from leaves, fruits, gall and mushroom and characterized by NMR and MS. The results show that this tree is a promising source in natural phenolic products with very important antioxidant activities which justify the use of the various parts of the tree in traditional medicine

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Mehrnejad, Mohammad Reza. "Evaluation of the parasitoid Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) as a biocontrol agent of the common pistachio Psylla Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365464.

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22

Maaroufi, Zeineb. "Valorisation des extraits de quelques plantes aromatiques et médicinales de Tunisie en tant que nouvelles substances antileishmaniennes In vitro antileishmanial potentialities of essential oils from Citrus limon and Pistacia lentiscus harvested in Tunisia." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ012.

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La valorisation des molécules bioactives issues des plantes médicinales est une stratégie prometteuse dans la recherche de principes actifs pour le traitement de la leishmaniose permettant de s’affranchir des problèmes de toxicité et de résistance provoqués par les traitements conventionnels.Trois plantes ont été choisies à savoir Artemisia herba-alba, Citrus limon et Pistacia lentiscus, chacune récoltées dans deux régions différentes de la Tunisie. Pour chaque plante, les molécules bioactives ont été extraites pour obtenir une huile essentielle et des extraits aqueux et organiques. L’activité antileishmanienne in vitro de tous ces extraits a été évaluée sur deux formes du parasite Leishmania major : amastigote axénique ou intramacrophagique. Les extraits et les huiles essentielles ont prouvé un potentiel antileishmanien important. L’activité dépendait aussi bien de la nature de l’extrait (technique d’extraction et/ou la région de récolte de la plante) que de la forme du parasite (axénique ou intramacrophagique). En raison de l’originalité des résultats, nous avons sélectionné l’extrait acétone du Citrus limon (Cext) pour être encapsulé une nanoémulsion (NE) stabilisée par la β-lactoglobuline (β-lg) et composée de 80 % de phase aqueuse (solution de β-lg à 1,2 (m/m) %) et de 20 % de phase huileuse (huile de sésame (SO) ou Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT)). L’encapsulation de Cext à des concentrations de 0,1, 0,5 et 1 (m/m) % a permis de sélectionner le système le plus actif vis-à-vis des amastigotes intramacrophagiques, le moins toxique vis-à-vis des cellules hôtes et n'interférant pas dans la stabilité des NEs au cours du temps. Ainsi, la NE à base de MCT contenant 0,1 % d'extrait (Cext NE MCT) a montré une cytotoxicité minimale (Indice de Sélectivité = 21,4 ± 6,1). Par ailleurs, en dépit de sa toxicité, la NE à base d’HS (Cext NE SO) a été également sélectionnée pour les propriétés cicatrisantes déjà décrites pour l'SO. Enfin, l’évaluation de l’efficacité antileishmanienne in vivo a été réalisée par application topique de NE contenant ou pas l’extrait sur des lésions de leishmaniose cutanée à L. major chez des souris BALB/c. Les résultats ont prouvé que l’efficacité antileishmanienne des formulations dépendait significativement du type d’huile utilisée. Cext NE MCT a démontré la meilleure efficacité révélée par une diminution significative de la charge parasitaire, une stabilisation de la taille de la lésion, ainsi qu’une diminution de l’inflammation de la peau des souris. Les résultats du traitement avec la NE MCT sans extrait a prouvé que la formulation choisie contribue à l’efficacité antileishmanienne par un effet de synergie. En outre, l’encapsulation a permis de pallier les problèmes de toxicité observés lors de l'application topique de Cext MCT. D’autre part, l'application de Cext NE SO a engendré une toxicité neurologique et aucune efficacité antiparasitaire n'a été notée. Cependant, Cext SO administré directement sur les lésions a révélé une bonne efficacité du traitement, aussi bien par la diminution de la taille des lésions que dans la réduction de la charge parasitaire chez les souris traitées. L’analyse histologique des peaux lésées a également montré une cicatrisation de la plaie. L'efficacité de cette formulation pourrait être expliquée par une amélioration de la pénétration de l'extrait à travers la peau en raison de la présence dans l'huile de sésame d'acides gras mono et polyinsaturés, tels que les acides oléique et linoléique. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence le potentiel des formulations lipidiques dans le traitement local des lésions de Leishmaniose cutanée
The valorization of bioactive molecules extracted from medicinal plants is a promising strategy in the search of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of leishmaniasis while overcoming problems of toxicity and resistance caused by conventional treatments.Three plant species were chosen namely Artemisia herba-alba, Citrus limon and Pistacia lentiscus and were each harvested from two different regions of Tunisia. Bioactive molecules were extracted to obtain an essential oil as well as aqueous and organic extracts. The in vitro antileishmanial activity of all these extracts was evaluated on two forms of Leishmania major parasite: axenic and intramacrophagic amastigotes. Extracts and essential oils showed significant antileishmanial potential. The activity depended both on the extract nature (extraction technique and / or the plant harvesting region) and on the form of the parasite (axenic or intramacrophage). For a matter of originality, Citrus limon acetone extract (Cext) was selected and encapsulated in a nanoemulsion (NE) stabilized by β-lactoglobulin (β-lg). This NE was composed of 80 % of aqueous phase (β-lg solution at 1.2 wt%) and 20 % oily phase (sesame oil (SO) or Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT)). Cext encapsulation at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt% allowed to select the most active system toward intramacrophage amastigotes, the least toxic toward host cells and which did not interfere with NEs stability over time. Thus, MCT-based NE containing 0.1 % extract (Cext NE MCT) showed minimal cytotoxicity (Selectivity Index = 21.4 ± 6.1). Furthermore, despite its toxicity, SO-based NE (Cext NE SO) was also selected for the healing properties already described for SO. Finally, the antileishmanial efficacy evaluation in vivo was carried out by topical application of NEs containing or not the extract on cuteanous leishmaniasis lesions due to L. major in BALB/c mice. Results showed that the antileishmanial activity of the formulations depended significantly on the oil type. Cext NE MCT demonstrated the best efficacy revealed by a significant decrease in parasite load, stabilization of the lesion size, as well as a decrease in the skin inflammation. Results of treatment with NE MCT without extract showed that the chosen formulation contributes to antileishmanial efficacy through a synergistic effect. In addition, the extract encapsulation allowed to overcome toxicity observed with topical application of Cext MCT. On the other hand, the application of Cext NE SO produced neurological toxicity and no antiparasitic efficacy was noticed. However, Cext SO administered topically showed high treatment efficacy, by reducing the lesions size and the skin parasite load. Histological analysis of infected skin also showed wound healing. The antiparasitic efficacy of this formulation could be explained by penetration enhancement of the extract through the skin due to the presence in sesame oil of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acids. This study revealed the potential of lipid formulations potential as a local treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions

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Khiari, Karim. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés thermo-physiques des biocarburants de seconde génération et leur influence sur le comportement des moteurs." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0314/document.

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La croissance mondiale, économique et industrielle, ainsi que la rapide progression démographique des populations, ont fait augmenter la demande en énergie fossile. Ces dernières années, beaucoup de recherches ont été orientées vers de nouvelles ressources énergétiques qui peuvent remplacer les carburants fossiles conventionnels. Les biocarburants sont des carburants écologiques renouvelables, obtenus grâce à la transformation des matières grasses animales et végétales. Ils sont classés en tant que ressource idéale, non-toxique et renouvelable, substituant avantageusement le Diesel conventionnel. Dans cette optique, nous nous sommes intéressés à la production des biocarburants à partir d’une source végétale, non alimentaire, très abondante dans le bassin méditerranéen, en l’occurrence le pistachier lentisque, par deux procédés, l’un est chimique appelé transestérification et l’autre est thermochimique, la solvolyse. Les caractérisations des biocarburants conformément aux normes en vigueur, ont montré que les propriétés physico-chimiques sont comparables à celles du Diesel conventionnel. Un moteur Diesel monocylindre refroidi à l'air, a été utilisé pour évaluer les caractéristiques de la combustion de ces biocarburants, à 1500 tr/min, sous diverses conditions de charges du moteur. Les caractéristiques de la combustion (pression du cylindre, délai d’auto-inflammation, taux de dégagement de chaleur et durée de combustion) des biocarburants obtenus, sont comparées à celles du Diesel conventionnel
The world economic and industrial growths, as well as the demographic rapid progression, have increased the fossil energy demand. These last years, much of researches were directed towards new energy resources which can replace the conventional fossil fuels. The biofuels are renewable ecological fuels derived from biomass; they are classified as an ideal resource, non-toxic and renewable component with respect to the conventional Diesel. In this context, we were firstly interested to the production of the biofuels starting from a non-edible vegetable source widely available in the Mediterranean basin which is the Pistacia Lentiscus using two processes. The first one is a chemical method named “transesterification” and the second one is a thermochemical procedure called “solvolysis”. The biofuels physicochemical properties, measured via standard methods, are similar to those of Diesel fuel. A single cylinder, naturally aspirated DI Diesel engine is operated at 1500 rpm with either pure produced biofuels or their blends with Diesel fuel for several ratios (50, 30 and 5 v%) and engine load conditions. The combustion parameters, their blends are compared with those of Diesel fuel

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24

Young, Deborah, Bob Beede, and Talbott Starlings. "Pistachio Rootstock Evaluation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215742.

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25

Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Effective Management Tools for Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220530.

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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some of the Arizona pistachio acreage. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Disease management trials conducted since 1992 have shown that as few as two applications of chlorothalonil in July and August can virtually prevent disease development. Applications of copper hydroxide or benomyl alone or in combination also effectively arrest disease development. Leaves around nut clusters on infected trees not receiving fungicide treatments were usually senescent at crop maturity, whereas leaves on treated trees showed no sign of senescence. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely.

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26

Matheron, Michael E., Michael W. Kilby, and Robert Call. "Effect of Foliar Application of Benomyl on Severity of Septoria Leaf Spot on Pistachio in Southeastern Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220574.

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The fungicide, benomyl (Benlate) was foliar applied by a commercial air blast sprayer at the rate of 1.0 lb. a.i. per acre in early to late August. Treatments varied with a number of applications i.e. one or two and were compared to an untreated control. Benomyl significantly reduced leaf necrosis surrounding nut clusters and the number of leaf spot lesions when compared to control. One or two applications were equally effective in controlling Septoria leaf spot.

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Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Managing Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona With Fungicides." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223661.

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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some Arizona pistachio orchards. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the efficacy of several different fungicides against this disease. All fungicides were applied to tree foliage on June 26 and July 31, 2001. Disease severity was lowest on trees treated with Flint (trifloxystrobin) and Abound (azoxystrobin). Other materials that significantly reduced the final level of disease compared to nontreated trees included Break (propiconazole), Procop R (copper hydroxide) and Elite (tebuconazole).

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28

Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Fungicidal Performance in Managing Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223845.

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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some Arizona pistachio acreage. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the efficacy of several different fungicides against this disease. All fungicides were applied to tree foliage on July 13 and August 10, 1999. Disease severity was lowest on trees treated with Flint (trifloxystrobin). Other materials that significantly reduced the final level of disease compared to nontreated trees included Abound (azoxystrobin), Break (propiconazole), and Procop R (copper hydroxide).

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29

Kilby, Michael W. "Seasonal Nutrient Content of Pistachio Leaves in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215743.

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30

Hernández, Alonso Pablo. "Health benefits of pistachio consumption in pre-diabetic subjects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399537.

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La prediabetis i la diabetis tipus 2 (DT2) són actualment dos problemes greus de salut pública. La prediabetis és un estat metabòlic reversible situat entre la normoglucèmia i la DT2, que es caracteritza per presentar resistència a la insulina i s’associa a un major risc de malaltia cardiovascular i de DT2. Degut a que els fruits secs són una matriu rica i complexa de diferents macronutrients, micronutrients i altres molècules com els antioxidants, poden tenir un paper important en la modulació de la resistència a la insulina mitjançant diferents mecanismes. Entre els fruits secs, els festucs són rics en antioxidants, fibra i lípids que poden conduir a una millora del metabolisme de la glucosa. El nostre objectiu ha estat analitzar l'efecte del consum de festucs mitjançant paràmetres relacionats amb el metabolisme de la glucosa i la resistència a la insulina. Hem avaluat el perfil lipídic, inflamatori i oxidatiu, altres marcadors relacionats, el consum in vitro de glucosa en limfòcits i l'expressió de certs gens. Hem valorat la modulació de nous biomarcadors relacionats amb la glicèmia i amb la salut cardiovascular com ara els microRNAs i les lipoproteïnes (mida i concentració). Els nostres resultats mostren que el consum crònic de festucs, en el context d'una dieta saludable, redueix l'estat de insulinoresistència en pacients amb prediabetis. A més, el consum de pistatxos és capaç de millorar marcadors d'inflamació i sacietat, l’expressió de gens relacionats amb la inflamació i amb el transport de glucosa, així com també el consum de glucosa en limfòcits in vitro. Finalment, s’ha mostrat una millora significativa en microRNAs relacionats amb la DT2 i prediabetis i en el perfil de lipoproteïnes que pot reflectir una disminució del risc cardiovascular. En conjunt, el consum de festucs sembla efectiu per tal de millorar la prediabetis a un perfil metabòlic més saludable.
La prediabetes y la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) son actualmente dos importantes problemas de salud pública. La prediabetes es un estado metabólico reversible entre la normoglicemia y la DT2, que se caracteriza por presentar resistencia a la insulina y se asocia a un mayor riesgo cardiovascular y de DT2. Puesto que los frutos secos son una matriz rica y compleja de diferente macronutrientes y micronutrientes y otras moléculas antioxidantes, pueden tener un papel modulador de la resistencia a la insulina mediante diferentes dianas. Entre los frutos secos, los pistachos tienen un perfil de nutrientes rico en antioxidantes, fibra y lípidos que pueden originar una mejora en el metabolismo de la glucosa. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el efecto del consumo crónico de pistachos sobre parámetros relacionados con el metabolismo de la glucosa y la resistencia a la insulina. Se evaluó también el perfil lipídico, inflamatorio, oxidativo y de otros marcadores relacionados, además de la captación in vitro de glucosa en linfocitos y la expresión de ciertos genes. Evaluamos también la modulación de nuevos biomarcadores relacionados con la glicemia y de salud cardiovascular como microRNAs y lipoproteínas (tamaño y concentración). Nuestros resultados mostraron que el consumo crónico de pistachos, en el contexto de una dieta saludable, reduce el estado de insulinorresistencia en pacientes con prediabetes. De forma importante, el consumo de pistachos fue capaz de mejorar marcadores de inflamación y saciedad y un conjunto de genes relacionados con la inflamación y el transporte de glucosa, así como con el consumo de glucosa en linfocitos in vitro. Finalmente, mostramos una mejora significativa en microRNAs relacionados con DT2 y prediabetes, y en el perfil de lipoproteínas que puede reflejar una disminución en el riesgo cardiovascular. En conjunto, el consumo de pistachos parece efectivo para mejorar la pre-diabetes hacia un perfil metabólico más saludable.
Pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered two major public health problems. Pre-diabetes is a metabolic reversible state between normoglycemia and T2D which is characterized by insulin resistance and it is associated to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and T2D. As nuts are a rich and complex matrix of different macronutrients and micronutrients and other molecules such as antioxidants, they may have a modulatory role of insulin resistance via different targets. Among nuts, pistachios have a rich nutrient profile in antioxidants, fiber and fats which may lead to an improvement in glucose metabolism. Our objective was to analyze the effects of pistachio consumption on parameters related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Additionally, we evaluated the lipid profile, inflammatory, oxidative and other related markers, together with in vitro lymphocytes’ glucose uptake and the expression of certain genes. We also evaluated the modulation of novel disease biomarkers related to glycemic and cardiovascular health such as microRNAs and lipoproteins (size and concentration). Our results showed that chronic pistachio consumption, into the context of a healthy diet, reduced the insulin resistant state of the subjects with pre-diabetes. Importantly, pistachio consumption was also able to improve inflammatory and satiety markers and a set of genes linked to inflammation and glucose transport, together with in vitro lymphocytes’ glucose intake. Finally, we reported a significant improvement in microRNAs related to T2D and pre-D and in lipoprotein profile which may reflect a reduced cardiovascular risk. Overall, pistachio consumption seems effective to ameliorate the pre-diabetes state towards a healthier metabolic profile.

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31

Ozsin, Gamzenur. "Production And Characterization Of Activated Carbon From Pistachio-nut Shell." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612892/index.pdf.

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In this study production and characterization of activated carbon from an agricultural waste, pistachio-nut shells, was investigated. To determine optimum production conditions by chemical activation method, effect of tempreature (300, 500, 700 and 900 oC) and effect of impregnation ratio (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 as activation agent:sample) were investigated by applying two different methods (raw material activation and char activation) and with two different activation agents (phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide). To produce activated carbon, all the impregnated samples were heated to the final activation temperature under a continuous nitrogen flow (100 cm3/min) and at a heating rate of 10 oC/min and were held at that temperature for 1 hour. Pore structures of activated carbons were determined by N2 adsorption and micro-mesopore analysis was made by &ldquo
Non-local Density Functional Theory&rdquo
and &ldquo
Monte Carlo Simulation&rdquo
method (NLDFT-Monte Carlo Simulation Method). BET surface areas of produced activated carbons were found from N2 adsorption data in the relative pressure range of 0.01 to 0.15. BET surface areas of phosphoric acid activated carbons by raw material activation method were found between 880 and 1640 m2/g. The highest value of the BET surface area was obtained in the case of the activated carbon which was produced with an impregnation ratio of 3/1 (g H3PO4/g raw material), at an activation temperature of 500 oC. The repeatibility was also investigated on phosphoric acid activated carbons which were produced with conventional raw matererial activation method. Results showed that, both the BET surface area values and pore size distributions were consistent among themselves. On the other hand char activation experiments with phosphoric acid produced activated carbons having lower BET surface areas than the ones obtained with raw material activation method by creating mesoporous structure. When the same char activation method was tried with potassium hydroxide, it was concluded that elevated temperatures could help in producing activated carbons with high BET surface areas by creating microporous structure. Results also showed that properties of activated carbon such as ash content, slurry pH value, true density, elemental composition, methylene blue number and surface morphology were strongly affected by both production conditions and production method, as pore structure was affected considerably.

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32

Alizadeh, Eslami Hamid, and Kamola Nurullaeva. "Attractiveness of Swedish Market and Optimal Marketing Mix for Iranian pistachio." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6257.

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Problem: To find out appropriate marketing strategies for Iraniandry-fruit company to enter the Swedish market.Purpose: To find out an optimal entry mode for “Nature’s PowerAB” to follow while entering Swedish market.Method: Exploratory research is used predominantly to gain adeeper understanding and insight of something. The designis far more flexible and dynamic than that of descriptiveresearch. The collected data helps us explore and learnabout the current situation of the Swedish market withreference to its uncontrollable and controllable elementsand also helps us develop a marketing mix for NaturePower AB.Conclusion: The conclusion of this Master Thesis has implications forpistachio importers to Sweden.

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33

Kusmak, Michael T. "An analysis of the economic feasibility of a pistachio processing facility." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/618.

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34

Ghazanfari, Moghaddam Ahmad. "Machine vision classification of pistachio nuts using pattern recognition and neural networks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23988.pdf.

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35

Yeganeh, Reza. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la torrefaction des pistaches." AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0049.

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36

Frank, William Arthur. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE SEASONAL POPULATION TRENDS AND DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH THRIPS AND PLANT BUGS IN ARIZONA PISTACHIOS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275235.

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37

Alavi-Naeini, Nasser. "An expert system for quality determination, purchasing and distributing harvested pistachio nuts at a processing plant." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405542.

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38

Marett, Josh Michael. "The Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Pistachio Shells and Their Use in Water Actuating Smart Composites." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78902.

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Composites are a category of materials where two or more materials are used together to enhance each of their strengths. Such materials are often used in airplanes, spacecraft, sporting equipment, and many high-end products. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been research with the goal of improving the environmental sustainability and performance of composite materials. This newly utilized material is found in plants and some animals to provide them with their strength. Researches have already shown that CNCs can improve the performance of many materials while reducing their lifetime environmental impact. In order to increase the market for CNCs, we are looking at costreducing methods of producing them as well as finding exciting new uses for them once they are made. Right now, most CNCs are isolated from wood or cotton, which already have existing markets. This thesis presents a method of using pistachio shells, which are a waste product in many parts of the world including the United States. By finding new sources of CNCs, we hope to add to the body of knowledge and reduce the price of CNC production. This thesis also lays the groundwork for a material that changes shape when exposed to water. By integrating CNCs into only part of a polymer, when water is added, the part with the CNCs will increase in size, causing it to push on the polymer. Our hope is to create a new use for CNC composites to help to increase the market for them. We discuss potential methods and proofs of concept on how to create a 3D-printed part using CNCs and polyurethane.
Master of Science

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39

Cogliati, Dezza Irene. "“Vanilla, Vanilla .but what about Pistachio?” A Computational Cognitive Clinical Neuroscience Approach to the Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278730/3/Document1.pdf.

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On the 24th November of 1859, Charles Darwin published the first edition of The Origin of Species. One hundred fifty-nine years later, our understanding of human and animal adaptation to the surrounding environment remains a major scientific challenge. How do humans and animals generate apt decision strategies in order to achieve this adaptation? How does their brain efficiently carry out complex computations in order to produce such adaptive behaviors? Although an exhaustive answer to these questions continues to feel out of reach, the investigation of adaptive processing results relevant in understanding mind/brain relationship and in elucidating scenarios where mind/brain interactions are corrupted such as in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, understanding how the brain efficiently scales problems when producing complex and adaptive behaviors can inspire and contribute to resolve Artificial Intelligence (AI) problems (e.g. scaling problems, generalization etc.) and consequently to the develop intelligent machines. During my PhD, I investigated adaptive behaviors at behavioral, cognitive, and neural level. I strongly believe that, as Marr already pointed out, in order to understand how our brain-machine works we need to investigate the phenomenon from 3 different levels: behavioral, algorithm and neural implementation. For this reason, throughout my doctoral work I took advantages of computational modeling methods together with cognitive neuroscience techniques in order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of adaptive behaviors.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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40

Bushnell, Alison Helen. "The impact of a controlled 10-week pistachio feeding crossover trial on blood lipids and measures of adiposity." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1404.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and has negative impacts at both the individual- and population-level through reduced quality of life, economic burden, and strain on the healthcare system. Dietary modifications, such as pistachio consumption, may help prevent CVD and two of its leading risk factors: dyslipidemia and overweight/obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pistachio consumption (20% daily energy need) on measures of adiposity and blood lipids in healthy young adult females. This study utilized 10-week crossover feeding trials at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (CP-SLO) and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (CP-P). Participants (n=48, mean age 21 ± 0.51 years) served as their own controls. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.9 ± 2.32 kg/m2 and mean total cholesterol (TC) was 155.0 ± 27.7 mg/dL. Pistachio diet participants consumed 20% of their daily energy needs of pistachios each day, whereas control diet participants maintained their usual diet without consuming nuts. The two diet treatments were separated by a 15-week washout period during which all participants resumed their usual diets. No significant differences were found between diet treatments for triacylglycerols (TAG) (p=0.6), TC (p=0.5), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.4), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p=0.9), TC/HDL-C (p=0.7), body weight (p=0.8), BMI (p=0.9), waist circumference (WC) (p=0.4), or total body fat percentage (p=0.9). Likewise, no significant differences were found during the pistachio treatment or during the control treatment for any measured variable. Strengths of this study were the crossover design, utilization of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for precise body composition measurements, and the use of individually measured bags of pistachios to help with compliance. Limitations of the study included the relatively small sample size and short intervention period. Pistachio supplementation was not associated with significant changes in measures of adiposity or the lipid profile. Longer interventions with more participants are needed to test the long-term effects of pistachio consumption with greater power to detect differences.

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Daneshpour, Farnaz. "OPTIMIZING THE PISTACHIO SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS NETWORK FOR FRESNO COUNTY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS NETWORK ANALYSIS METHOD." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1336.

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ABSTRACT Optimizing the Pistachio Supply Chain and Logistics Network for Fresno County Using Geographic Information Systems Network Analysis Method Farnaz Daneshpour This study aims to optimize the transportation of pistachios from orchards to processing centers in Fresno County, California to improve logistics efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. This study evaluates the current transportation situation and compared it with the case in which a new processing center is built. Also, this study evaluates transportation efficiency based on calculations of total driving distance, driving time, fuel cost, and Co2 emission and assesses how much of these variables will be saved if a new facility center is built. This study also explores optimal locations for pistachio cultivation, based on soil characteristics such as soil pH, type, and drainage class and compared these locations to current pistachio orchards. The study is based on data from 52 pistachio orchards in Fresno County, 11 existing large scale processing centers in the Central Valley, the current transportation network, and soil survey data. Location allocation and closest facility analyses using Network Analysis in ESRI ArcGIS are carried out on two scenarios; first for allocation of the orchards to existing processing centers and second, reallocation of orchards considering a new processing facility in the area. A Center of Gravity model is used to determine an optimal location of the new processing facility in Fresno County. Comparing two scenarios shows that there is 41% of saving in distance, Co2 emission, fuel cost, and driving time in a harvesting period by considering the new processing center in Fresno County. Locating the new facility center in the area can make positive improvements towards logistics efficiency and environmental issues.

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42

Zartaloudis, Zois. "Biology and control of the pistachio psyllid Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein) (Homoptera : Aphalaridae) for integrated pest management in northern Greece." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401948.

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43

Šmíd, Jiří. "Identifikace DNA rostlinných a živočišných druhů v potravinách použitím polymerázové řetězové reakce." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233389.

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We were developing detection methods for three food allergens of plant origin. We used real-time PCR for soy detection in food oriented on gene lec, that is coding lektine specific for soy. On this target sequence were oriented PCR system with primers Le2F and Le2R and TaqMan probe Le2P. Detection limit (2,75 pg), practical detection limit (0,02 %), inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. Whole system were quantified. Real-time PCR for pistachio detection were based on primers and probe for gene COR. Detection limit (3,5 pg), practical detection limit (0,002 %), inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. For almond detection we were not succeed system, that fulfil all qualitative parametres.

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44

Azuama, Onyedikachi Cecil. "Recherche de nouveaux actifs d'origine végétale contre le pathogène opportuniste de l'homme Pseudomonas aeruginosa Battling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence with natural plant bioactive compounds Membrane-interactive compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. thwart Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence Tackling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by mulinane-like diterpenoids from Azorella atacamensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence attenuation by extracts of Parastrephia terestiuscula, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family from the Atacama Desert area The absence of SigX results in impaired carbon metabolism and membrane fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activation of the Cell Wall stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected by a Pf4 Phage Variant The temperature-regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cmaX-cfrX-cmp-X operon reveals an intriguing molecular network involving the Sigma factors AlgU and SigX." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR077.

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La résistance aux antimicrobiens est l’un des défis majeurs du XX1eme siècle. Pseudomonas aeruginosa est inscrit sur la liste des organismes pathogènes qui deviennent résistants aux antibiotiques conventionnels. De nouvelles stratégies visant à atténuer la virulence sans perturber la croissance et la viabilité bactériennes, également connues sous le nom de stratégie anti-virulence, sont développées. Les plantes sont connues pour produire de nombreux métabolites secondaires. Des extraits de fruits de Pistachia Lentiscus originaires d'Algérie et de 40 extraits de plantes originaires du Nord-Chili ont été criblés pour leur capacité à atténuer la production de la pyocyanine, un facteur de virulence majeur de P. aeruginosa, dans le but d’évaluer leur potentiel effet antivirulence. Les extraits sélectionnés (Pistacia lentiscus, Azorella atacamensis, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus et Parastrephia terestiucula), ont été fractionnés et l’ensemble de ces extraits et fractions a montré une atténuation de la production d’autres facteurs de virulence (élastase, rhamnolipides), qui a pu être attribuée, au moins partiellement à une diminution de la communication bactérienne via le mécanisme du quorum sensing. Ces extraits et fractions altèrent également la fluidité membranaire de P. aeruginosa. Cet effet anti-virulence a été validé dans un modèle d'infection cellulaire, et sur le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dans toutes ces conditions, la croissance de P. aeruginosa n'a pas été affectée. Un profilage chimique des extraits et fractions de P. lentiscus et d'A atacamensis a révélé la présence d'acide gingkolique et de diterpenoides de type azorellane/mulinane comme potentiels composés bioactifs. De futures études visent à identifier les composés bioactifs sur P. aeruginosa H103, ainsi que sur un panel de souches cliniques, et à évaluer un potentiel effet potentialisateur de l'activité des antibiotiques. Ces travaux visent in fine à proposer ces composés d’origine végétale comme adjuvants dans le traitement des infections à P. aeruginosa
Antimicrobial resistance has become a great challenge in therapeutic medicine so much so that the World health organization forecasts the possibility of a post-antibiotic era where minor injuries may lead to mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the list of organisms that are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics, partly due to its broad genome, which facilitates the elaboration of virulence determinants and rapid adaptation to various environments, in addition to its inherent resistance mechanisms. In view of this, alternative measures of controlling microbial virulence activities using novel approaches that do not disturb its growth and viability, also known as anti-virulence strategy, are gaining wider attention. Since plants are repositories of several metabolites with chemical defense system against environmental pathogens, through ethnobotanical led studies, the effect of Pistacia lentiscus fruit extracts originating from Algeria and forty plant extracts originating from North-Chile were biologically and chemically evaluated with the aim of deciphering their anti-virulence effects against P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, this study tried to gain more insight into the bioactive compounds and possible mechanism of action. From the results obtained, selected plant extracts attenuated P. aeruginosa mainly pyocyanin activity and /or elastase and rhamnolipids virulence production which appears to be associated with the inhibition of quorum sensing activities and the alteration in membrane activities. The anti-virulence effect of the selected extracts (P. lentiscus, Azorella atacamensis, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus and Parastrephia terestiucula) were also validated in biological models of infections where they mediated the toxicity of P. aeruginosa towards A549 human monolayer cells and/or Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. Interestingly, growth of the pathogen was not affected. Further chemical profiling of P. Lentiscus, and A atacamensis extracts revealed the presence of gingkolic acid and azorellane/mulinane diterpenoids as the putative bioactive compounds. Future studies intend to explore these extracts and their derived compounds on the potentiation of antibiotic activity in a panel of clinical strains. In general, this study sets the pace for the possible use of these plant extracts as adjuvants in treatment of P. aeruginosa infections

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45

Almadani, Mohamad Isam Nabil [Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Theuvsen, Jörg Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Greef, and Stephan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramon-Taubadel. "Risk attitude, risk perceptions and risk management strategies: an empirical analysis of Syrian wheat-cotton and pistachio farmers / Mohamad Isam Nabil Almadani. Gutachter: Ludwig Theuvsen ; Jörg Michael Greef ; Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel. Betreuer: Ludwig Theuvsen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1055814523/34.

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46

Almadani, Mohamad Isam Nabil Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] [Theuvsen, Jörg Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Greef, and Stephan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramon-Taubadel. "Risk attitude, risk perceptions and risk management strategies: an empirical analysis of Syrian wheat-cotton and pistachio farmers / Mohamad Isam Nabil Almadani. Gutachter: Ludwig Theuvsen ; Jörg Michael Greef ; Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel. Betreuer: Ludwig Theuvsen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F48-7-3.

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47

Martins, Eva de Almeida. "O Poder de Pistacia lentiscus." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83625.

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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
Pistacia lentiscus (var. chia), também conhecida como mastic tree, uma pequena árvore pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, é produzida exclusivamente no Sul da ilha de Chios, na Grécia. É usada há mais de 2500 anos em medicina tradicional Grega, mas as suas propriedades vêm descritas nas obras de Heródoto, Dioscórides e Galeno. Vários autores romanos, árabes, do período bizantino e europeus fazem extensas referências às propriedades de mastic, nome dado à resina produzida por P. lentiscus, conhecida por mastic tree. As suas propriedades antibacterianas, especialmente contra Helicobacter pylori, antifúngicas, antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, antineoplásicas e citoprotetoras, hepatoprotetoras e antidiabéticas, hipocolesterolémicas, a sua aplicação em Tecnologia Farmacêutica são abordadas nesta monografia no sentido de avaliar o potencial de Pistacia lentiscus como novo agente terapêutico de origem natural. A maioria das publicações existentes sobre Pistacia lentiscus L. refere-se à variedade Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. Num estudo recente realizado pelo Professor Kazim Browicz (Browicz, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1987), este propõe a substituição de “var.” por “cv.”, uma vez que se trata de um clone cultivado, “cultivated clone”. Ainda assim, numa tentativa de harmonização, na proposta de revisão apresentada pela EMA à Grécia, sugere-se a aceitação de Pistacia lentiscus L., conforme a monografia constante na Farmacopeia Europeia, sem qualquer especificação de variedade ou cultivo (EMA, 2015).
Pistacia lentiscus (var. chia), also known as mastic tree, an evergreen shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, is exclusively cultivated in the southern part of Chios Island, in Greece. It has been used for over 2500 years in traditional Greek medicine, although its properties are mentioned in the works of Herodotus, Dioscorides and Galen. Several Roman, Arab, Byzantine and European authors make extensive references to mastic’s properties, the resin produced by Pistacia lentiscus, known as mastic tree. Its antibacterial properties, especially against Helicobacter pylori, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and cytoprotective, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic properties, its use in Pharmaceutical Technology are analysed in this monograph with the intent of evaluating the potential of Pistacia lentiscus as a new therapeutic agent of natural origin. The vast majority of the existing publications on Pistacia lentiscus L. refers to the variety Pistacia lentiscus var. chia. In a recent study conducted by Professor Kazim Browicz (Browicz, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1987), Professor Kazim Browicz proposes the use of “cv.” instead of “var.”, given that it is a cultivated clone. In the proposal made by EMA for revision from Greece, it is documented that the best scientific way should be the acceptance in the European Pharmacopoeia’s monograph of the species Pistacia lentiscus L. without any further specified variety or cultivar (EMA, 2015).

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48

Cheng, Ju-Yu, and 鄭如彧. "Antimelanogensis Activity of Leaf Essential Oil of Pistacia chinensis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mf6eb9.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
107
In this study, the leaf essential oil of Pistacia chinensis was extracted by water distillation. The components were analyzed by gas chromatography, and the main component was Limonene with the relative content of 57.06%. Other compounds with a high relative content was 3-Carene (12.36%), Selinene (5.65%), Caryophyllene (5.08%), and Caryophyllene oxide (2.68%). Limonene is the main component of P. chinensis leaf essential oil, and it exists in nature in two different optical isomers, D-Limonene in the right-handed configuration and L-Limonene in the left-handed configuration. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of melanin is evaluated by the leaf essential oil of P. chinensis, D-Limonene and L-Limonene. Results showed that when L-Tyrosine or L-DOPA was used as the substrate in the antityrosinase activity test, the leaf essential oil of P. chinensis, D-limonene and L-limonene exhibited great inhibitory effects. In antimelanogenesis test of zebrafish embryos, the leaf essential oil of P. chinensis, D-limonene and L-limonene had excellent inhibitory effect on the melanin production of zebrafish embryo without affecting its body growth and development, and IC50 values were 38.16 μg/mL (essential oil of P. chinensis), 44.83 μg/mL (D-limonene) and 72.87 μg/mL (L-limonene). Accordingly, the leaf essential oil of P. chinensis is a melanin inhibitor with development potential, and we hope that it can be applied in related fields in the future.

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Chen, Shu-Ting, and 陳書婷. "Studies on the Clonal Propagation of Pistacia chinensis by Cutting." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43047358127177038486.

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碩士
國立中興大學
園藝學系所
95
Summary Pistacia chinensis which is native to Taiwan having finely divided and dark green foliage, bright red fruit ripening to dark blue make it an outstanding ornamental shade tree. Clonal propagation would selection of cultivars having desirable characteristics. Propagation of Pistacis chinensis stockplant by mound layering. Wound the base of the shoot is necessary for root production. Another object of this study was to determine the advantageous time to collect cuttings. Stem cuttings were taken from July 2006 to March 2007. Rooting was unsuccessful except when cuttings were taken in July. The greatest percentage of rooting is 43.3% in July and the lowest is 0% in January. The effects of cutting position within the source shoot on rooting were assessed. Stem cuttings were taken from terminal or basal positions of the shoots. Terminal cuttings exhibited higher rooting (20%) and survival (36.7%) than basal ones rooting (5%) and survival (13.3%). The bases of the cuttings were treated with IBA. Percent rooting was not significantly affected by concentration of IBA. When propagation by hardwood cuttings, the bases of the cuttings were swelling and a period time passed they died. The one feature of the radish seed bioassay of chromatographed bark extracts was a inhibition of germination on the chromatograph strips.

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SHIH, WUN-YU, and 施汶妤. "Physicochemical Properties of Noodles Supplemented with Pistacia chinensis Bunge Leaf Powder." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94h529.

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碩士
中臺科技大學
食品科技研究所
104
Noodle products are one of the staple food in Asia. Traditional uncooked noodle is made from flour, water and salt, but lack of some essential nutrients, such as dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins. Therefore, with the intention of manufacturing healthy diet, additional ingredients which can increase nutritional and functional properties of foods by incorporation of functional ingredients in staple foods. Plant leaves are known to be a good source of bioactive compounds like phytochemicals, antioxidants and dietary fiber. The objectives of the present study were to incorporate Pistacia chinensis Bunge leaf powder (PCL powder) into noodles at five different levels (0.25, 0.5 1, 2, and 3%) and to analyze its impact on the cooking properties, physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of noodles. The results revealed that the cooking loss of the noodles increased from 3.86 to 5.15%, and the pH values decreased from 6.02 to 4.74 upon incorporation of 3% PCL powder. Lightness (L-value) and redness (a value) of uncooked noodles decreased as PCL powder content increased while yellowness (b value) increased. The PCL powder enriched noodles exhibited improved antibacterial activity. The total plate count was decreased by increasing the incorporation of PCL powder. The 3% PCL noodle had lower hardness, fracture strength and fracture distance than the control. The addition of PCL powder increased the total phenolic and compounds antioxidant capacity concentration in the noodles due to the incorporation of polyphenols stemmed from PCL powder. The scavenging effects of extracts (400g/ml) from 3% PCL noodles on ABTS and DPPH radicals were 80% and 70%, respectively. Sensory analysis showed that the incorporation of PCL powder reduced the acceptance of overall, appearance, flavor, taste and aftertaste aroma, aftertaste, flavor and appearance, regardless of the concentration of the powder added. The result obtained in this study suggested that acceptable noodles in terms of physicochemical and sensory properties could be produced by incorporating PCL powder into wheat flour upto the level of 1% flour weight basis.

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