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Park, Jinhyung. "Pipe-routing algorithm development for a ship engine room design." Thesis, online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3062999.
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Grass, Amelia. "The genetics and evolution of the critically endangered Trinidad Piping Guan, Pipile pipile, synonym Aburria pipile." Thesis, University of Chester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620870.
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The Trinidad Piping Guan, Pipile pipile synonym Aburria pipile (Jaquin, 1784) is the only endemic Cracid on the island of Trinidad. The species is currently listed as Critically Endangered and is considered to be in ‘on-going decline’ by the IUCN, BirdLife International and Cracid Specialist Group. This study aims to examine aspects of genetic variation and the evolution of the mitochondrial genome in the Trinidad Piping Guan utilising, for the first time, samples collected from individuals in the wild and reference specimens of the genus Pipile sourced from museum collections. In this study the complete mitochondrial genome of the Trinidad Piping Guan was sequenced for the first time. Analysis of intra-specific variation of wild Trinidad Piping Guan individuals using single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrates extremely limited variation within the genes of the mitochondrial genome and nuclear gene intron sequences. Limited variation within this population is consistent with both historical and contemporary contractions of populations within a restricted island system, which may have serious implications for the future of this species in terms of both genetic diversity and conservation management. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Trinidad Piping Guan enabled placement of the genus Pipile within the Galliforme evolutionary tree for the first time, and subsequently places the genus within the broader context of the Aves class. Mito-genomic analysis confirms that the Cracids are one of the basal Galliforme clades, and sister taxa to the Megapodidae. Phylogenetic placement of the Pipile genus is basal to that of the Crax species within the Cracidae family, indicative of an earlier evolutionary origin of the Piping Guans. The inclusion of the Trinidad Piping Guan, in the avian evolutionary tree using the whole mitochondrial genomes expands the current genetic phylogeny of the Cracid family, yielding a better understanding of evolutionary relationships among the Galliforme order and the diversification of modern avian lineages. This study has established novel molecular techniques for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA in historical specimens of the genus Pipile from museum reference collections. The analysis of inter-specific relationships within the genus Pipile has clarified the evolutionary and biogeographic relationships between the Piping Guan species. Additionally, the Trinidad Piping Guan is genetically defined for the first time as an evolutionarily significant unit, which represents a unique evolutionary pathway within this important genus in a closed island system on the island of Trinidad.
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Vilberg, Ingrid Kristine. "Airbag for piping systems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12280.
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Pressure transients are caused by a change in the volumetric flow in a pipeline system, and can have severe consequences for rapid changes of the volumetric flow. A sudden closure of a valve is a common source of a pressure transient, and the pressure increase in front of the valve depends on the flow rate and the wave propagation velocity in the fluid and pipe. A gas-liquid mixture can have a very low wave propagation velocity, even for small air contents, and is effective in terms of damping due to the compressibility effects of the gas bubbles. With these alterations of the fluid properties the pressure transient will be weakened with reduced amplitude and an increased period, which are beneficial effects for the pipeline system.A simple experiment was carried out to investigate the practical solutions for the air injection system, and the results showed that the presence of air was beneficial in terms of a reduction of the amplitude and increased damping of the pressure transient. However, a few aspects should be revised in a refinement of the experiment. The air flow rate and duration were uncertain because of water accumulating in the air hose, and the timing of the gate valve closure was challenging.Simulations of various models of pipe systems were carried out in Flowmaster. The models are sufficient for simulation of ordinary pipes with a rapid closure of a valve, but fall short at modeling an air-water mixture. This is because only the reduced wave propagation is taken into account, and not the effects of the bubbles.
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Zonick, Curtis A. "The winter ecology of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) along the Texas Gulf Coast /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988713.
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Robinson, Louise Anne. "Genetic analysis of the critically endangered Trinidad Piping guan (Pipile pipile) : implications for phylogenetic placement and conservation strategies." Thesis, University of Chester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/346901.
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Classified as critically endangered since 1994, the Trinidad Piping guan (Pipile pipile) is an endemic species estimated to number less than 200 individuals. Known to locals of Trinidad as the ‘Pawi’ this bird has been the subject of substantial hunting pressures and much of the species habitat has been destroyed through deforestation. Although officially protected since 1958, occasional recreational hunting of this elusive species still occurs. Due to difficulties locating and capturing the species, no genetic research has previously been performed using samples obtained from Trinidad. All previous research studies have been conducted using biological materials obtained from captive birds outside Trinidad and island data has never been obtained or compared. The genetic diversity of the remaining population was therefore examined through the investigation of mitochondrial haplotypes, pairwise comparison and SNP analysis. With the intention of assisting the protection of this endangered species by the location of remaining areas of habitation, methods of genetic identification were established for the Trinidad Piping guan utilising non-invasive feather samples. Species specific primers were created in the regions of the ND2 and cyt b genes of the mitochondrial genome to identify Pipile pipile. Species detection was further verified with the use of PCR-RFLP of the same gene regions digested with BsaXI, EcoRV and BsrDI. This combined approach allowed the separation of closely related taxa based on single inter-species SNPs. Confirmation of species identification was subsequently performed through the use of forensically informative nucleotide sequencing. The established methodologies were used in the current study to correct the classification of a UK breeding population of Piping guans thought to be Pipile pipile and to identify Trinidad field samples. These detection methods have implications for ecological studies through the location of populations from trace evidence collected in the field. In addition this method could be used to assist Trinidadian police forces in the identification of bushmeats or simply act as a deterrent to hunters. The sequence data obtained in the present study were also used to re-assess the phylogeny of Piping guans. As genetic sequence from a true island bird was previously unstudied, differences between phylogenies created using non-island and island bird data sets were examined. Combined analysis was performed on 1884bp of the ND2 and cyt b genes and placement of Trinidad Piping guan was found to differ from that which has been previously published.
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Engelman, Juan Ezequiel. "Obras edilicias, piping e instrumentación." Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingeniería, 2019. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/13352.
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El presente informe, describe la experiencia adquirida durante el desarrollo de las
Prácticas Profesionales Supervisadas (PPS), llevadas a cabo en el Departamento de Construcciones de la Dirección de Ingeniería de la Empresa YPF S.A.Fil: Engelman, Juan Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingeniería.
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Root, Brian G. "Alkaline wetland vegetation dynamics at North Dakota piping plover nesting beaches /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737863.
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Howard, D. J. "The piping tradition of South Uist." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652629.
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This is a history of piping in South Uist. Pipe music has formed part of the island's rich musical tradition for centuries, and although it remains just one piece of a much larger whole, South Uist has enjoyed a reputation in particular for its pipers. There are many reasons for this. Traditional Gaelic social culture is fundamentally musical, for instance, and folklorists from Alexander Carmichael to J.L. Campbell often portrayed South Uist as the Highlands' last storehouse of Gaelic tradition. South Uist remained largely untouched by the evangelical asceticism which swept away piping traditions elsewhere in the Hebrides following the Disruption. Clanranald's patronage of pipers survived longer into the nineteenth century than that of most other Highland families, South Uist being home to the bearers of the office. And the world of twentieth-century mainstream competition was enriched when the Piobaireachd Society brought literate instruction to the island's ear-learned pipes in 1909. For these and other reasons, to study the island's piping is to study its religious life, its community life, its history of emigration, its oral tradition of signing and storytelling and its place in the wider framework of Clanranald and Highland custom. The first half of the thesis addresses local piping within the context of these issues. Chapter 1 introduces the methods of research and the musical terms used throughout; Chapter 2 addresses the oral/aural tradition and looks at piping's place in local song, story and ceilidh; Chapter 3 goes back to the seventeenth century and contrasts catholic and Protestant influences on South Uist to explain how piping has been profoundly affected by religious considerations, both in Uist and throughout the Hebrides.
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Dickson, Joshua. "The piping tradition of South Uist." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22148.
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This is a history of piping in South Uist. Pipe music has formed part of the island's rich musical tradition for centuries, and although it remains just one piece of a much larger whole, South Uist has enjoyed a reputation in particular for its pipers. There are many reasons for this. Traditional Gaelic social culture is fundamentally musical, and folklorists from Alexander Carmichael to J.L. Campbell often portrayed South Uist as the Highlands' last storehouse of Gaelic tradition. South Uist remained largely untouched by the evangelical asceticism which swept away piping traditions elsewhere in the Hebrides following the Disruption. Clanranald's patronage of pipers survived longer into the nineteenth century than that of most other Highland families, South Uist being home to the bearers of the office. And the world of twentiethcentury mainstream competition was enriched when the Piobaireachd Society brought literate instruction to the island's ear-learned pipers in 1909. For these and other reasons, to study the island's piping is to study its religious life, its community life, its history of emigration, its oral tradition of singing and storytelling and its place in the wider framework of Clanranald and Highland custom. The first half of the thesis addresses local piping within the context of these issues: Chapter 1 introduces the overall goals of the work, the research methods used and the musical terms found throughout; Chapter 2 addresses the oral/aural tradition and looks at piping's place in local song, story and ceilidh, Chapter 3 goes back to the seventeenth century and contrasts catholic and protestant influences in South Uist to explain how piping has been profoundly affected by religious considerations, both in Uist and throughout the Hebrides; Chapter 4 traces the island's major emigrations, forced and unforced, to call attention to emigrant pipers from Uist to the New World; and Chapter 5 addresses the place of South Uist pipers in the world of Clanranald and Highland culture: from eighteenth-century patronage and a strong martial tradition to the functions of the village piper and the survival of a pre-Piobaireachd Society style of ceòl mór. The second half takes a broadly chronological look at the piping tradition as it has developed through the twentieth century. Chapter 6 examines the state of piping at the turn of the century and the period of Piobaireachd Society instruction from 1909; Chapter 7 looks at various prominent piping families in Uist; Chapter 8 charts the development of the Askernish games from 1898 to the present day; Chapter 9 addresses the Great War and its effect on local tradition; and Chapter 10 looks at local aesthetics and musical transmission, focussing primarily on the island's aural tradition and how it survived as long as it did the twentieth century's era of mainstream literacy. The thesis concludes with general remarks on the state of piping in Uist today and suggestions for further research. Above all, this is intended to be a record of the history, functions and implications of South Uist piping from the internal Gaelic perspective. Interviews with informants were conducted in Gaelic, lesser-used but important Gaelic manuscripts were consulted, and consideration is given to the context of traditional Gaelic social culture. It therefore fills a gap in Scottish ethnology and piping history often neglected through a lack of impetus among Gaelic-speaking scholars.
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Dirks, Brian J. "Distribution and productivity of least terns and piping plovers along the Missouri and Cheyenne rivers in South Dakota." Connect to this title online, 1990. http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/nebraska/gpng/lt%5Fplover/ltppmissouri/LTPPMissouriDirks1990.pdf.
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Noel, Brandon Lennon. "The winter ecology of the piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in coastal Georgia." Connect to this title online (Georgia Southern site) Connect to this title online (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service site), 2006. http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/birds/Noel_2006_MSThesis.pdf.
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Quintana, Michael Steven. "Two phase flow splitting in piping branches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50127.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 36).
The objectives of this research are to evaluate the performance of a flow-splitting tripod, discover the factors which most affect the flow distribution; and quantify the effects of geometry, quality and flow rate on the distribution. Knowing all this allows one to predict the distribution for given conditions. An R-22 test apparatus was constructed for carrying out the experiments. The factors examined were tripod orientation, Froude number, void fraction, and swirl induced by helical grooves in the tube supplying the two-phase flow to the tripod. The flow regime of concern is primarily annular. Experiments were run and data was collected and analyzed. The two piece tripods were generally found to have manufacturing defects which made their performance unpredictable. The hole through which the flow was provided was often off center. This defect greatly affected the distribution and masked other geometric factors. To eliminate this variable a number of tripods were tested, using an air-water rig, to find a tripod that was not defective. Tests using R-22 were then run on this tripod and it was found that inlet swirl had little or no affect on the flow distribution. The factors that had the greatest effect on the flow distribution were the tripod's orientation, the Froude number of the flow, and the void fraction. An empirical correlation for flow splitting was derived including these factors.
by Michael Steven Quintana.
S.M.
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Clark, Fraser. "The development of competitive piping in Southern Ontario." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26394.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the historical development of the Great Highland Bagpipe in Southern Ontario prior to 1987. In 1987, the 78th Fraser Highlanders of Toronto won the World Pipe Championships; they were the first band from Canada to achieve such distinction in global competition. Who were these pipers? Where did they come from? What were the historical circumstances that gave rise to such fruitful competitive piping conditions in the latter 20th century? This thesis attempts to shed light on these issues as well as to examine within a wider framework the cultural transmission of emigrant traditions in Canada. The development of piping traditions in Ontario, though similar to the Scottish experience, differs because it takes place in a different geographical, social and cultural context. Several themes emerge in this history: Scottish immigration to Ontario plays a significant (and obvious) role in the artistic development of piping. Large scale Scottish immigration served to construct conditions whereby Celtic symbols (kilts and bagpipes) would be embraced not only by the transplanted Scots themselves but also by the largely British resident culture. Other historical avenues explored in the study are the roles the British and Canadian armies played in the evaluation of the pipe band; the increasing participation of the most respected solo pipers in post-World War Two highland games (in Ontario and Scotland) and how their performance practises set ever increasing performance standards for Ontario pipers; and finally, the story of the Scottish World Festival 1982-1981, and its impact on the Ontario band scene. This thesis is approached from various interpretive perspectives. Its data gathering methodology comprises a compilation of archival, oral, published and unpublished material in order to provide the broadest and most balanced account of the story of southern Ontario piping traditions. This study also takes a biographical approach. Individual personalities and their lives are explored in detail throughout the text without whom it would have been impossible to write such a treatise on the piping traditions of central Canada.
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Sellmeijer, Joannes B. "On the mechanism of piping under impervious structures /." Online version, 1988. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31547.
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Kruckenberg, Norman E. "A piping network model program for small computer." Ohio : Ohio University, 1986. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183138191.
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Mousavi, Reza. "International Purchasing in Two Iranian Polymer Piping Firms." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20106.
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Many researchers have contributed to the field of international purchasing; but there are no consistent findings to illustrate particular connections within the field. This particular research studies the ways that two Iranian producers of polymer piping systems handle international purchasing in current complex Iranian economic circumstances. By going beyond macroeconomic theories of international trade and using three-factor model of international industrial purchasing this particular study aims to reveal how international industrial purchasing is handled by Iranian producers of polymer piping systems under current Iranian economic and politic circumstances. A case study approach employing face-to-face semi-structured interview method is designed. A set of interview questionnaires was designed to gather empirical qualitative and quantitative data. A narrative analysis was then conducted to lead the discussions and to draw conclusions. The results of the study show that international purchasing in both firms is influenced by internal factors including attitudes and competence as well as external factors including market conditions and regulations. The levels to which the first three mentioned factors influence international purchasing varies between the studied firms; but regulations have similar effects on the ways the studied firms handle international purchasing. Also, the modified three-factor model is perfectly applicable to the studied cases under current circumstances of Iranian economy.
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Lynch, Michael Anthony. "Limit loads of piping branch junctions with cracks." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399152.
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Menzies, Duncan. "Technological support for Highland Piping tuition and practice." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9551.
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This thesis presents a complete hardware and software system to support the learning process associated with the Great Highland Bagpipe (GHB). A digital bagpipe chanter interface has been developed to enable accurate measurement of the player's nger movements and bag pressure technique, allowing detailed performance data to be captured and analysed using the software components of the system. To address the challenge of learning the diverse array of ornamentation techniques that are a central aspect of Highland piping, a novel algorithm is presented for the recognition and evaluation of a wide range of embellishments performed using the digital chanter. This allows feedback on the player's execution of the ornaments to be generated. The ornament detection facility is also shown to be e ective for automatic transcription of bagpipe notation, and for performance scoring against a ground truth recording in a game interface, Bagpipe Hero. A graphical user interface (GUI) program provides facilities for visualisation, playback and comparison of multiple performances, and for automatic detection and description of piping-speci c ngering and ornamentation errors. The development of the GUI was informed by feedback from expert pipers and a small-scale user study with students. The complete system was tested in a series of studies examining both lesson and solo practice situations. A detailed analysis of these sessions was conducted, and a range of usage patterns was observed in terms of how the system contributed to the di erent learning environments. This work is an example of a digital interface designed to connect to a long established and highly formalised musical style. Through careful consideration of the speci c challenges faced in teaching and learning the bagpipes, this thesis demonstrates how digital technologies can provide a meaningful contribution to even the most conservative cultural traditions.
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Borhani, Khomami Arghavan. "Separate analysis of Small Pipes in Piping Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177355.
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A piping system generally consists of primary system, large pipes, and secondary system, small pipes [1]. The primary system can be analysed separately without considering the secondary system. However, the opposite is not true because the primary system affects the movement of the secondary system. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of analysing the small pipes separately, which is called for sub-modelling, and then if the sub-modelling is possible, generate and validate a method which makes this sub-modelling possible. The response spectrum method [2] is used for analysing the structure. A ground acceleration spectra in three directions is applied at the primary structure, a new floor response spectra is then generated with the results from the analysis of the primary structure [3]. The calculated floor response spectra is applied at the secondary structure. The results from this analysis is compared to the results from applying the ground acceleration at the total structure. Two different ground accelerations are applied on two different models. A separation would be allowed if the results of the secondary structure are more than 90% of the results of the whole structure in all parts of the secondary structure in all studied cases. The results after separation reach more than 100% of the results from the analysis of the whole structure, called for conservative results, in three cases but not all the cases. The separation will be allowed in those three cases where the results reach 90% of the results taken from the whole structure, but not in that case where results does not reach 90%.Vanligtvis består ett rörsystem av ett primärsystem, stora rör, och ett sekundärsystem, klena rör. Det primära systemet kan analyseras separat utan att ta hänsyn till det sekundära systemet. Men det är inte möjligt att analysera det sekundära systemet utan att ta hänsyn till det primära, eftersom det primära systemet påverkar rörelsen av det sekundära systemet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka möjligheten att analysera de små rören separat, och sedan om denna separation är möjligt, skapa och validera en metod som gör denna separation möjligt. Metoden responsspektrum används för att analysera strukturen. En grundacceleration spektra i tre riktningar tillämpas på den primära strukturen, sedan genereras ett nytt spektra med resultaten från analysen av den primära strukturen. Den beräknade responsspektra appliceras sedan på den sekundära strukturen. Resultaten från denna analys jämförs med resultaten från applicering av grundaccelerationen på den totala strukturen, när den primära och sekundära strukturen sitter ihop. Två olika grundaccelerationer appliceras på två olika modeller. Separationen kommer att tillåtas om resultaten av den sekundära strukturen är mer än 90% av resultaten från hela strukturen i alla delar av den sekundära strukturen i samtliga studerade fall. Resultaten efter separationen uppnår till mer än 100% av resultaten från analysen av hela strukturen, kallad för konservativa resultat, i tre fall men inte alla de studerade fallen. Separationen kommer att tillåtas i de tre fallen där resultaten når 90% av resultaten som tagits från hela strukturen, men inte i det fallet där resultaten inte når 90%.
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Mackenzie, Donald. "A study on simple piping elbow finite elements." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336119.
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Kruckenberg, Norman E. "A piping network model program for small computers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1183138191.
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Abid, Muhammad. "Experimental and analytical studies of conventional (gasketed) and unconventional (non-gasketed) flanged pipe joints." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366894.
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Houghton, Lawrence Mitchell. "Piping plover population dynamics and effects of beach management practices on piping plovers at West Hampton Dunes and Westhampton Beach, New York." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28755.
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In the early 1990's, a series of habitat changes caused by storms and subsequent beach management by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, The Corps) provided a unique opportunity to study piping plover population dynamics in a changing environment. In this study, 1993-2004, we attempt to determine the factors that limit or influence the abundance and distribution of piping plovers in West Hampton Dunes (WHD), Long Island, NY, a renourished, highly developed, and high human disturbance area.
The piping plover population on Westhampton Island increased after the hurricane of 1938, and declined thereafter. The decline co-occurred with beach development and vegetative succession. After storms in the winter of 1992-1993 breached the island at West Hampton Dunes, piping plovers re-colonized the area. The New York District USACE filled the breach in 1993, and renourished the beach in 1996 and 2000-2001. USACE renourished parts of the groinfield in Westhampton Beach in 1997.
Each spring and summer, we monitored plovers intensively at WHD and part of the adjacent town of Westhampton Beach (The Reference Area) 1993-2004. We located nests and estimated reproductive and nest and chick survival rates. We monitored plover management efforts and determined causes of nest loss when possible. We monitored piping plover behaviors and obtained an index to plover food supply. We estimated area of plover habitats and defined areas unsuitable for piping plover nesting. We also obtained indices to human and predator presence on the beach.
The WHD piping plover population increased from 0 pairs in 1992 to 39 in 2000 then decreased to 18 pairs in 2004. This decline was closely associated with changes in potential nesting habitat which increased from 22.4 ha in 1992 to 50.1 ha in 2000 then declined to 31.1 ha in 2004
The primary process regulating the WHD population appears to be density dependent immigration and emigration. No other vital rates (clutch size, renest rate, fertility, egg survival, nest survival, chick survival, brood survival, chicks fledged/pair) were correlated with density. The higher equilibrium density at WHD (~1 pair/ha) than at The Reference Area (~0.4 pair/ha) appeared to be a function of the large bay intertidal flats at WHD.
The most common nest predators, cats (WHD = 13% of known predated nests), American Crows (17% of known predated nests) and foxes (37% of known predated nests), are newcomers to piping plover habitats. Thus, plovers may be especially vulnerable to them. Predator removal from the study area appeared to improve nest success and chick survival (R2 = 0.79). Predator exclosures at nests reduced nest loss (WHD = 34% exclosed nests lost vs. 43% of unexclosed nests lost, though in one year, one or more foxes learned to exploit plovers in exclosures (22% of all exclosed nests were predated by foxes in 1995).
This study highlights the long suspected piping plover paradox: increasing beach width can temporarily raise the carrying capacity of an area, but preventing overwash can reduce or eliminate the natural formation of the bay side foraging flats that increase piping plover density, and sometimes, survival. Moreover, beach stabilization allows human development of the habitat which also reduces the carrying capacity of the environment for piping plovers, increases human/plover interactions, and attracts potential predators.Ph. D.
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Gustafsson, Andreas. "On the Simulation of Progressive Deformation in Nuclear Piping." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26571.
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In this thesis the performance of different constitutive models in ratchet simulation is investigated. Ratcheting is accumulated plastic strains which may occur when a structure is subjected to a constant load in combination with cyclic loading. In the assessment of nuclear class 1 pressure retaining component ratcheting is one of the three failure modes that are addressed and may limit the design life of nuclear pressurized components and piping systems.A steel structure subjected to a constant load in combination with cyclic loading into the plastic region undergoes a change of the material characteristics in several aspects. These cyclic material characteristics are complex and may vary for different load situations, load levels, temperatures and materials. In addition to this, the presence of a mean stress may also affect the material cyclic characteristics.In previous numerical investigations on ratcheting there has not been a sufficiently robust case of simulation. However, in most of these investigations, the simulation response is compared with ratcheting experiments which either are conducted under load levels which are not common for a nuclear pressurized component, the experimental specimen is not comparable with a pressurized component or only a few experimental tests have been conducted. Hence, it has not been settled which material characteristics need to be considered to accurately simulate ratcheting in a pressurized piping component under load levels common in a nuclear power plants. As a result of this, it is not obvious which types of constitutive material models is needed and how the model parameters should be calibrated in order to simulate ratcheting in a nuclear component accurately.As part of this thesis an extensive experimental program has been conducted on pressurized tube specimens. In total 30 test specimens made of two different materials, 316L and P235, have been manufactured and tested. In order to determine material properties, monotonic tensile load and internal pressure experiments have been performed. The remaining test specimens have been used for ratcheting experiments.The experimental results show ratcheting in the hoop direction when the tube is subjected to certain combinations of internal pressure and cyclic axial strains. The higher the pressure is and the larger the strain ranges are, the higher the ratcheting response becomes. In addition to this, also the cyclic hardening and softening behavior in the tubes axial direction and the direction of the incremental plastic strain tensor is investigated. The results show that the material cyclic hardening or softening behavior and direction of the plastic strain vector varies strongly depending on the level of primary and secondary loads.Measured ratcheting strains are compared to numerical simulations using different constitutive models. In this thesis the interrelated models of Prager, Armstrong-Frederick and Chaboche are investigated. In addition to these, the Besseling model is investigated. Among the constitutive models investigated, the Besseling multi-linear model shows by far the best agreement with the ratcheting experiments. The more advanced models are able to capture the material ratchetingbehavior, but overestimate the hoop strain in the tube tests.Investigation results also indicate that significant cyclic hardening material behavior influence the direction of the plastic stain vector and, hence, affect the accuracy of predicted results when disregarded. This effect is most apparent for the experiments subjected to high pressure and high deformation controlled loads. In the tests which experience significant cyclic hardening, the direction of the plastic strain vector starts to deviate after roughly 20 loading cycles.Simulation of ratcheting should be done with an as simple constitutive model as possible, while still capturing the essential response. Important reasons are that simple models are easier to understand and work with, and that fewer tests are needed for determining model parameters. Based on this the Besseling constitutive model is recommended for simulation of pressure equipment subjected to cyclic plastic deformation. However, if shake-down does not occur at relative early stage, effects related to cyclic softening or hardening may need to be taken into consideration.Godkänd; 2016; 20160517 (andbra); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Andreas Gustafsson Ämne: Stålbyggnad /Steel Structures Uppsats: On the Simulation of Progressive Deformation in Nuclear Piping Examinator: Biträdande professor Mikael Möller Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser Avdelning: Byggkonstruktion och brand Luleå tekniska universitet. Diskutant: PhD Jan Granlund, Dassault Systémes AB, Stockholm. Tid: Fredag 17 juni, 2016 kl 09.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Kloudas, Stamatios G. "Reliability of the piping systems of a modern submarine." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2012. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/12142/.
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It is a common knowledge that safety is of importance for every sailing vessel but becomes unquestionable for a submarine for obvious reasons. Prerequisite for the safety of a submarine is that all its structural parts “working” on the diving pressure when the submarine is underneath, can withstand successfully the exercised enormous pressure and consequently the developed high stresses imposed on them. Piping of the submarine is one major part under diving pressure. The best way to assure these prerequisites, is to inspect piping frequently and using destructive and non destructive methods to get the necessary level of assurance or confirmation of safety. This is not always an easy task particularly in a submarine where the space is very “crowdy” and the major part of the piping is practically inaccessible. Therefore, a more rational way has to be established, a way that would allow verifying the condition of inaccessible parts by making certain that piping retains the necessary reliability that allows the submarine to be further safely used. This is the scope of the present study namely by using a “rational approach” to assess accurately and objectively the reliability of the piping. Having achieved that, one can proceed further and determine the probability of a certain deterioration for a specific time frame and/or the time frame in which you anticipate the deterioration of a piping to exceed a predetermined “threshold”. Last but not least, in the development of this study the accuracy of the mathematical models used have been compared to actual measurements (data) taken in a later stage. Very much to our satisfaction all these comparisons turned to be very close in a surprisingly matching way. This coincidence holds promise for further and more extensive applicability of the models used.
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Mandela, Ravi Kumar. "Uncertainty analysis of piping systems and heat exchanger networks." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2004. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433382.
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Chan, Lok Shun Apple. "Optimisation of piping network design for district cooling system." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4109.
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A district cooling system (DeS) is a.scheme for centralised cooling energy distribution which takes advantage of economies of scale and load diversity. . A cooling medium (chilled water) is generated at a central refrigeration plant and then supplied to a district area, comprising multiple buildings, through a closed-loop piping circuit. Because of the substantial capital investment involved, an optimal design of the distribution piping . configuration is one of the crucial factors for successful implementation of a district 1'. cooling scheme. Since there. exists an enormous number of different combinations of the piping configuration, it is not feasible to evaluate each individual case using an exhaustive approach. This thesis exammes the problem of determining an optimal distribution piping configuration using a genetic algorithm (GA). In order to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of cooling loads; the climatic conditions of Hong Kong were investigated and a weather database in the form of a typical meteorological year (TMY) was developed. Detailed thermal modelling of a number of prototypical buildings was carried out to determine benchmark cooling loads. A novel Local Search/Looped Local Search algorithm was developed for finding optimal/near-optimal distribution piping configurations. By means of computational . experiments, it was demonstrated that there is a promising improvement to GA performance by including the Local Search/Looped Local Search algorithm, in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency. The effects on the search performance of a number of parameters were systematically investigated to establish the most effective settings. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the Local Search/Looped Local Search algorithm, a benchmark problem - the optimal communication,spanning tree (OCST) was used for comparison. The results showed that the Looped Local Search method developed in this work was an effective tool for optimal network design of the distribution piping system in DCS, as well as for optimising the OCST problem.
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Lubis, Asnawi. "A study of the behaviour of pressurized piping elbows." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21516.
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The behaviour of piping elbows under bending and internal pressure is more complicated than expected. The main problem is that the coupling of bending and internal pressure is non-linear; stress and displacement cannot be added according to the principle of superposition. In addition, internal pressure tends to act against the effect caused by the bending moment. If bending moment ovalises the elbow crosssection, with internal pressure acting against this deformation, then the deformed cross-section tries to deform back to the original circular shape. It is then introduced the term ''pressure reduction effect". Current design piping code treats the pressure reduction effect equally for in-plane (closing and opening) moment and out-of-plane moment. In this thesis, the pressure reduction effect is reassessed for in-plane closing moment through parametric study by performing detailed large deformation finite element analysis. The study is then extended to assess the pressure reduction effect for inplane opening moment and out-of-plane moment. Approximate formulae for ovalisation, flexibility, and stress-intensification factor are developed through a systematic analysis of the finite element generated data. Comparison of results presented in this thesis and the current ASME piping code for the pressure reduction effect under in-plane closing bending confirms that the ASME code formulae underestimates the pressure reduction for flexibility and stress-intensification. If the ASME formulae are applied for in-plane opening bending and out-of-plane bending, it overestimates the pressure reduction for the flexibility factor. If the ASME formulae for the pressure effect on stress-intensification factor is applied, it underestimates the pressure reduction for closing bending and out-of-plane bending, but overestimates for opening bending. It is therefore proposed that different formula for different direction of bending load should be used and the results presented in this thesis should be useful for this purpose.
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Wang, B. "Response of two-dimensional piping systems during pipe whip." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701868.
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Liang, Yue, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh, Yu-Li Wang, Mingwei Liu, Junjie Wang, and Yonghong Hao. "Numerical simulation of backward erosion piping in heterogeneous fields." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624364.
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Backward erosion piping (BEP) is one of the major causes of seepage failures in levees. Seepage fields dictate the BEP behaviors and are influenced by the heterogeneity of soil properties. To investigate the effects of the heterogeneity on the seepage failures, we develop a numerical algorithm and conduct simulations to study BEP progressions in geologic media with spatially stochastic parameters. Specifically, the void ratio e, the hydraulic conductivity k, and the ratio of the particle contents r of the media are represented as the stochastic variables. They are characterized by means and variances, the spatial correlation structures, and the cross correlation between variables. Results of the simulations reveal that the heterogeneity accelerates the development of preferential flow paths, which profoundly increase the likelihood of seepage failures. To account for unknown heterogeneity, we define the probability of the seepage instability (PI) to evaluate the failure potential of a given site. Using Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS), we demonstrate that the PI value is significantly influenced by the mean and the variance of ln k and its spatial correlation scales. But the other parameters, such as means and variances of e and r, and their cross correlation, have minor impacts. Based on PI analyses, we introduce a risk rating system to classify the field into different regions according to risk levels. This rating system is useful for seepage failures prevention and assists decision making when BEP occurs.
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Moya, Jorge A. Salcedo. "Ultrasonic inspection of underwater piping system with thick coatings." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1260632892.
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Ibrahim, Ibrahim Ahmed Abdelmotelb. "Laboratory Modeling of Piping Initiation Behavior Through Constricted Outlet." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5000.
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Internal erosion often occurs when seepage flow is concentrated into a small, unprotected opening. One such example is where sandy soil is eroded through a defect in an overlying clay layer, resulting in a sand boil in the process. The erosion initiates through the heave and backward piping mechanisms and continues beneath the clay layer through the piping process, forming a pipe that progresses toward the source of the seepage. The initiation of erosion at the seepage flow concentration is a complex mechanism involving a number of hydraulic and soil mechanics principles, including: flow concentration, soil arching, heave, detachment of soil grains, and transportation of soil grains.
A laboratory testing program is being performed to investigate the mechanisms of erosion into a concentrated, unprotected exit. The study builds upon previous research on the mechanisms of piping initiation performed at Utah State University and uses a similar apparatus. A number of different soils representing a range of grain size, grain shape, and gradations are being forced to erode into a range of constricted seepage exits. The exit is fixed with a riser pipe to model the upward transport of eroding soils. The results are compared with axisymmetric finite element analyses in order to develop a better understanding of the initiation process for backward erosion piping.
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Bovi, Renata Cristina. "Gênese e cronologia de feições erosivas superficiais e subsuperficiais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-04012018-144113/.
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O solo é um recurso natural e fundamental para toda a vida terrestre e a questão da degradação do solo assume importância não apenas ambiental, mas também de ordem social e econômica. A erosão pela água da chuva é o mais severo tipo de erosão, podendo ser encontradas diversas feições erosivas resultantes desse processo tais como erosão laminar, em sulcos ou em voçorocas. Ainda, são encontradas as feições erosivas subsuperficiais (pipes), que embora sejam menos estudadas e difíceis de quantificar, provocam perdas de solo que podem ultrapassar as quantias advindas dos processos erosivos mais tradicionalmente estudados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de entender a gênese das feições erosivas superficiais e subsuperficiais através da análise dos atributos físico-hídricos do solo e do relevo. Foi efetuado o mapeamento subsuperficial de pipes e a caracterização dos materiais de subsuperfície por meio da técnica geofísica da eletrorresistividade. Aliado a isso, utilizou-se a técnica da dendrogeomorfologia como ferramenta para datação, quantificação e reconstrução da dinâmica dos processos erosivos ocorrentes na área de estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que a gênese e desencadeamento dos pipes da área de estudo foi governada por fatores concorrentes, dada a complexidade da área de estudo, tais como gradiente de atributos físicos entre horizontes do solo (textura, estrutura, porosidade), estrutura e composição geológica, e gradientes topográficos. Fatores neotectônicos e morfoestruturais também poderiam estar afetando, entretanto devem ser melhor estudados. O método da eletrorresistividade foi eficiente na caracterização da geometria dos materiais em subsuperfície e na deteccção da presença de pipes, colapsados e ainda não colapsados, sendo importante para não subestimar os processos subsuperficiais. Os resultados obtidos também demonstraram o potencial da espécie Esenbeckia leiocarpa para estudos dendrogeomorfológicos, uma vez que as mudanças nos padrões de crescimento após a exposição das raízes possibilitaram datar o primeiro ano de exposição. A técnica da dendrogromorfologia se mostrou eficaz em entender a dinâmica do processo de sistemas complexos, tais como a abertura de voçorocas e voçorocas efêmeras e que a subsidência da superfície do solo causada pelos pipings é responsável pela formação e evolução das voçorocas efêmeras e pela ramificação da voçoroca principal.Soil is a natural and fundamental resource for all terrestrial life and the question of soil degradation assumes not only environmental but also social and economic importance. Erosion by rainwater is the most severe type of erosion, and several erosive forms resulting from this process can be found such as sheet erosion, ephemeral gullies or gullies. Also, subsurface erosive forms (pipes) are found, although they are less studied and difficult to quantify, they cause soil losses that exceed the amounts coming from the more traditionally studied superficial erosive processes. The objective of this work was to understand the genesis of superficial and subsurface erosive forms from the perspective of soil and relief properties. Subsurface pipe mapping and the characterization of subsurface materials using the geophysical technique of electroresistivity, was performed. The dating, quantification and reconstruction of the dynamics of the erosive processes occurring in the study area were done using dendrogeomorphology as a tool. The results demonstrated that the genesis and the initiation of pipes in the study area was governed by competing factors, due to the complexity of the study area, such as the gradient of physical attributes between soil horizons (texture, structure, porosity), structure and geological composition, and topographic gradients. Neotectonic and morphostructural factors could also be affecting, however they should be better studied. The electroresistivity method was efficient in characterizing the geometry of the materials in subsurface and in detecting the presence of pipes, collapsed and not yet collapsed, aiding in avoiding the underestimation of the subsurface erosive processes. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of the species Esenbeckia leiocarpa for dendrogeomorphological studies, since the changes in the patterns of root growth after exposure allowed to date the first year of exposure. Dendrogromorphology also proved effective in understanding the process dynamics of complex systems, such as the opening of gullies and ephemeral gullies, and that the subsidence of the soil surface caused by pipings is responsible for the formation and evolution of ephemeral gullies and the branching of the main gully.
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Larson, Michael A. "Modeling optimal management strategies for Piping plover in the Great Plains /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012992.
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McGowan, Conor P. "Incidental take and endangered species demography." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5595.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 9, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Goodwin, Elliott Richard. "Experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of hospital piping subassemblies." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2004. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433293.
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French, Margot Anne. "Markedness and the acquisition of pied-piping and preposition stranding." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63335.
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Mohd, Shukri. "Acoustic emission for fatigue crack monitoring in nuclear piping system." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/47735/.
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Accurate Acoustic Emission (AE) source location is crucial for monitoring the thermal fatigue crack in nuclear piping systems. Conventional Time of Arrival (TOA) location techniques can provide estimated location of fatigue cracks but are not accurate enough to allow crack size estimation. This thesis examines the role of AE as a Non-destructive Testing (NDT) tool for thermal fatigue damage monitoring in nuclear piping system. The work focuses on developing an accurate AE source location technique. The works is divided into three main areas of research: 1. Development of Wavelet Transform analysis and Modal Location (WTML) method A novel location method was successfully developed using modal location theory and wavelet transform analysis. Source location was performed on a steel plate of 790 x 300 mm with nominal thickness of 5 mm under a planar location setup using H-N sources. The accuracy of the new technique was compared with the major location methods (the time of arrival (TOA) technique, triple point filtering and DeltaT location methods). The result of the study shows that the WTML method produces more accurate location result compared with other AE location methods. 2. Validation of WTML method for accurate location of fatigue crack growth in steel plate Laboratory fatigue tests were conducted on steel plate in order to monitor and locate fatigue crack growth, and validate the workability of WTML method. WTML was successful in locating the AE signal released from fatigue crack growth. The accuracy of WTML is much better than TOA, DeltaT and triple point filtering location methods. 3. Crack size measurement using WTML method The capability of the WTML location method to measure crack length due to fatigue crack growth under tensile-tensile loading is investigated. The WTML method successfully used to determine the crack length in the steel pipe with the maximum measurement error of 5 mm. Key Words: Acoustic Emission, Damage detection, Fatigue Crack Growth, Source location, Modal Analysis, Wavelet Transform Analysis, Crack-length measurement
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Patterson, Michael E. "Piping plover breeding biology and reproductive success on Assateague Island." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43276.
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I studied the piping plover on Assateague Island during the 1986 and 1987 breeding seasons. In 1987, I estimated the population to be 69 pairs. During both years, plovers nested on only a few portions of the island. I think that this pattern of nesting was determined by the distribution of three types of foraging habitats: bayside mud and sand flats, saltwater pools formed by storm tides, and a drawn down waterfowl impoundment. Reproductive rates were lower than two recent estimates of the level necessary to maintain a stable population. The primary problem was poor nest success and the leading cause of nest loss was nest predation by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoons (Procyon Iotor). I was not able to identify factors responsible for chick mortality, but my data show a relationship between chick survival and foraging habitat. Broods feeding on bayside foraging areas had a much higher survival rate than broods which did not have access to these areas. Management efforts should focus on reducing nest predation. Recent experiments have indicated that predator exclosures constructed around individual nests can be used to reduce nest predation. These exclosures should be tested on Assateague. Future research efforts should focus on the role of foraging habitat in breeding site selection and the relationship between chick survival and the type of foraging used.Master of Science
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Le, Fer Danielle. "Piping plover (Charadrius melodus) foraging ecology in the Great Plains." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28695.
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The Great Plains piping plover (Charadrius melodus) population was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1986. The challenge for managers of this population is to increase the fledging rate and to ensure that there is sufficient habitat to support an increasing population. According to the revised recovery plan, there are insufficient quantitative data that relate habitat characteristics to reproductive success in riverine habitat. In particular, additional data are needed to determine if piping plover reproduction is limited by food abundance at breeding sites. The goal of this research was to determine whether piping plover chick survival was limited by foraging site quality on the Missouri River. Productivity has historically varied among river reaches. The alkali wetlands, reported to be very productive, serve as an index to the upper limit of reproductive potential. We compared indices of foraging site quality, chick growth and survival among a reservoir, two river reaches and alkali wetland sites from 2001-2003. We compared piping plover use of protected shoreline and exposed shoreline to availability along two reaches of the Missouri River (Gavins and Garrison). We also examined piping plover chick diet. Chick weight gains were higher at alkali wetlands than Gavins and Garrison. Invertebrate numbers were higher at the alkali wetlands than the three river sites and lowest downstream of the cold water release dam. Invertebrate biomass was highest at the alkali wetlands and downstream of the warm water release dam and lowest downstream of the cold water release dam. Invertebrate biomass downstream of the cold water release dam was the lowest of all 4 sites. There was no relationship between chick daily survival rates and invertebrate biomass or predator presence. Although Diptera occurred more frequently (23% - 64%) at all sites (sticky traps), Coleoptera occurred most frequently in the fecal samples (fecal analysis; 69% to 89%). On the Missouri River, protected shorelines were important foraging sites for piping plovers during the breeding season. We also found that sandbars with low-lying moist habitat are important to foraging chicks. Results are consistent with the prediction that foraging conditions downriver from cold water release dams are inferior to conditions in other habitats in the region. Differences in prey availability are reflected in chick growth rates, but not in survival rates. These results underscore the variability in different indices of habitat quality (invertebrate indices, predation, growth rates, survival rates) among the four sites, and the need for monitoring and management strategies that address each site individually. When managing or creating sandbars, ensuring the availability of protected shoreline will benefit piping plovers on the Missouri River.Ph. D.
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Cerrato, Jose Manuel. "Impact of Piping Materials on Water Quality in Tegucigalpa, Honduras." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35030.
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The possible effects of pipe materials on drinking water quality have been analyzed in the distribution system of the water treatment plant of "La La Concepciónâ " in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. "La La Concepciónâ " is a surface water reservoir experiencing biogeochemical cycling of manganese. Black water problems have been reported in the distribution system since 1998. An evaluation of the potential influence that PVC and iron pipes could have on the concentration of iron and manganese in drinking water, the effects caused by the presence of manganese in PVC and iron pipe surfaces, and residual chlorine and Pb concentrations in the distribution system was performed. The sampled neighborhoods received an intermittent service. Water was suspended for 8 hours every day due to water quantity problems in the city. Water and pipe samples were obtained for PVC and galvanized iron pipes because these constitute the majority of the infrastructure used for distribution systems in Honduras. Thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for possible manganese oxidation by chlorine and dissolved oxygen in the distribution system were also evaluated. As expected, total Fe concentrations were greater for first flush conditions from the iron pipe. Water samples obtained from the PVC pipe showed higher total Mn concentrations and more black color than those obtained from the iron pipe for both first flush and continuous flow conditions. Residual chlorine decayed relatively fast along the sampled section of the distribution system. Pb concentrations were detected on water samples obtained from PVC for first flush and continuous flow and on iron pipe for first flush. Preliminary experiments showed that manganese-oxidizing and -reducing bacteria were present in the walls of both PVC and iron pipes. Higher numbers of colony-forming microorganisms were recovered from iron (30-fold more) compared to PVC pipe sections. However, the majority of isolates from the PVC biofilm (8 of 10, 80 %) were capable of Mn-oxidation while only 35 % (11 of 31) of isolates from the iron biofilm sample demonstrated Mn-oxidation. This research demonstrates the importance of the different interactions between water and the infrastructure used for its supply in producing safe drinking water.Master of Science
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Zhao, Yong. "Random vibration for seismic analysis of multiply supported nuclear piping." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1061299266.
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Petrusek, Tomáš. "Analysis of the innovation management at Georg Fischer Piping Systems." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3955.
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Hermansson, Mats d. "From icon to identity : Scottish piping and drumming in Scandinavia /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391034160.
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Moffat, Douglas G. "Stress analysis and design of some pressure vessel and piping components." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248755.
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Mantegh, Iraj. "Stochastic analysis of multiply-supported piping systems under correlated ground excitations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6795.
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Piping systems are among the most important systems in modern industrial facilities, which are also highly affected by events like earthquakes, hurricanes, flood, etc. Like nerves in our body they nurture the industrial plants and hence require protection from these events. For dynamic and specially seismic loading there is no universally accepted design code, hence research is still underway in this area. The response of a system excited by ground motions has two components: (1) pseudo-static which is due to the ground displacement at support points and (2) dynamic which is due to the vibrational excitation. The current methods of estimating that response are typically based on the assumption of a uniform ground motion. Some authors have recently attempted to modify the methods for the spatial variations of ground motion. In this work a different method is presented which also considers the non-uniformity in support excitations. The treatment is based on the random vibration principles and can develop the pseudo-static time history of the system and also the maximum dynamic response at each degree of freedom. For a typical piping system, the correlated ground acceleration and displacement time series are developed at the excited support points. The time series are used to develop the pseudo-static component, and also for the dynamic component by means of a classical step-by-step integration method. Dynamic responses are also developed by the stochastic method and some current methods and are compared, in each case, with the results from the integration method. It is verified that the stochastic results are comparable with the current method results. Comparing the results in case of a uniform and a non-uniform ground motion, it is shown that the cross correlation of support inputs does affect the components of the response significantly and the effect is not predictable. It is also shown that neglecting the non-uniformity in ground motions can lead to an underestimation of results, in some cases, while in some other cases to an overestimation.
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Rungta, Rajesh. "Separation criteria of fluid piping systems using a lumped-parameter method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/MQ30683.pdf.
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Corbin, Robert Christopher. "Experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of hospital copper piping systems /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440930.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006."December, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-82). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Paffumi, Elena. "Simulation and modelling of thermal fatigue damage in austenitic piping components." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538550.
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Catlin, Daniel Herbert. "Population Dynamics of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on the Missouri River." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27442.
Full textAbstract:
Habitat loss and predation are threatening many shorebird populations worldwide. While habitat preservation often is preferable, sometimes habitat needs to be restored or created in order to stave off immediate declines. The Great Plains population of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) was listed as threatened in 1986, and habitat loss and predation appear to be limiting the growth of this population. On the Missouri River, piping plovers nest on sandbars, but the damming of the mainstem of the Missouri in the mid-twentieth century reduced the natural capacity of the Missouri River to create sandbar habitat. In 2004, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) implemented a habitat creation project on the Gavins Point Reach of the Missouri River (stretch of river immediately downriver from the Gavins Point Dam) in an effort to promote recovery of piping plovers and the endangered least tern (Sternula antillarum). The USACE built 3 sandbars in 2004 â 2005 and built another sandbar on Lewis and Clark Lake in 2007. We studied the population dynamics of piping plovers in relationship to this newly engineered habitat. We monitored 623 nests on 16 sandbar complexes, to evaluate habitat selection, determine the factors affecting nesting success, and compare nesting success between natural and engineered habitat. From these 623 nests, we banded 357 adults and 685 chicks to investigate the factors affecting adult and juvenile survival. We used a logistic-exposure model to calculate nest survival. Adult and juvenile survival was calculated using Cormack-Jolly-Seber based models in Program MARK. We used the estimates from these studies to create a matrix population model for piping plovers nesting on the Gavins Point Reach. We used this model to predict the effects of engineered habitat on the population growth rate.
Piping plovers selected for engineered sandbars and against natural and natural/modified habitats. Daily survival rate (DSR) on engineered habitats was significantly higher than on natural or natural modified habitats (log odds: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.20 â 6.08). Predator exclosures around nests did not affect DSR after controlling for the effects of date, nest age, and clutch size. Piping plover juvenile survival to recruitment was negatively related to nesting density on the relatively densely populated engineered sandbars. On the less dense natural sandbars, survival to recruitment was positively correlated with density. Adult survival did not appear to be related to density within our study. Movement within the study area was related also to density. Juveniles from densely populated engineered sandbars were more likely to leave engineered habitat to nest on natural sandbars than were juveniles hatched on less densely populated engineered sandbars. Movements among sandbars by breeding adults suggested that adults preferred engineered habitat. It is possible that juveniles moved to natural habitats because they were unable to compete with adults for the more desirable engineered habitats. Adults and juveniles emigrated from the study area at a higher rate after the 2006 breeding season, a year when water discharge was higher, nesting densities were higher, and reproductive success was lower (as a result of predation) than in the other years. Deterministic modeling suggested that engineered habitat significantly increased population growth. Decreased productivity over time and associated predicted negative population growth suggest that the amount of engineered habitat created was inadequate to sustain population growth, and/or that relatively high water discharge and nesting densities coupled with low reproductive rates and high emigration rates could lead to rapid declines in the plover population. Continued research is needed to determine the effects of these factors on long-term population growth. Our results suggest that habitat creation could be a viable short-term solution to population declines in shorebird populations limited by habitat loss, but high densities and increased predation associated with habitat creation indicate that other, long-term solutions may be required.Ph. D.