Journal articles: 'Piping material'

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Zheng, San Long, Zeng Liang Gao, Nian Jin Chen, Li Jian Zhuang, Yu Feng Ye, and Xue Feng Yu. "Safety Evaluation of Pressure Piping with Weld Flaw after Long Time Service in a Water Power Plant." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2601.

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Pressure steel pipings in a water power plant have been in service for over fifty years. In order to assess the safety of the piping, whole check and tests for the piping were carried out. The material for some piping is ST3 from former USSR, the other is A3 made in China. The mechanical properties were investigated by tests and were compared with the original material properties. The result shows the yield strength and tensile strength of serviced steels are less than those of original materials. The surfaces of the piping were checked to investigate the corrosion, surface defects. The flaws in the welds and near the welds of the pipings were detected by UT and MT, and several weld flaws were found. Based on the test and NDT investigation results, the strength, fracture and fatigue life of the pipings are assessed according to Chinese standard GB/T19624-2004 and British standard BS7910-2000. The assessment results show that the strength of the piping is enough, and the pipings with these flaws does not fracture. The piping can be safe in service under the normal operating condition for 104 to 106 cycles.

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Nagy, László, and Tamás Huszák. "Investigation of piping material." Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 56, no. 2 (2012): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.ci.2012-2.09.

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Suzuki, K., H. Asano, R. Yahagi, I. Kobayashi, P. Sellin, C. Svemar, and M. Holmqvist. "Experimental investigations of piping phenomena in bentonite-based buffer materials for an HLW repository." Clay Minerals 48, no. 2 (May 2013): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2013.048.2.15.

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AbstractDuring the installation of the buffer in a deposition hole of an HLW repository, it is necessary to control water flow from the fractured rock into the deposition hole. Water flow with inflow rate greater than 0.001 l/min may cause piping and erosion of the buffer, and may trigger mass redistribution of the buffer, sedimentation and material separation of bentonite materials. This paper describes the condition of parameters which cause piping and erosion; revised conditions which keep advection, inflow rate, buffer component, gap between buffer materials, gap between outside wall and buffer block, and type of water. The results from the experiment show the condition of the self-sealing function of bentonite materials, formation of piping, allowable limit of inflow rate in the case of an Na type bentonite block of 70 wt.% Kunigel V1 and 30 wt.% silica sand, or a pellet of 100 wt.% Kunigel V1. Piping and erosion continue until the engineered barrier (EB) is filled with water, and then the hydraulic gradient becomes small. Piping may lead to erosion and redistribution of material which needs to be taken into account in the long-term performance assessment.

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O’Brien, Colleen, Noel Lobo, and Carlton Ramcharran. "These Pipes Have Passed." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 06 (June 1, 2015): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-jun-8.

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This article discusses need for introducing new standards for developing efficient piping systems. A barrier to wider adoption of the material has been the absence of non-metallic piping standards that could serve as a common language for manufacturers, fabricators, designers, and other stakeholders. The development of the new standards also reflects the growing international role of ASME standards. The intent of ASME NM-1 is to set engineering requirements for safe design and construction of thermoplastic piping installations. The ASMI NM-2 is expected to address pipe and piping components which are produced as standard products, as well as custom products designed for specific applications. The ASME NM-3 Standard intends to provide greater uniformity, consistency, and transparency for the identification and establishment of physical properties and allowable stress values for materials in non-metallic piping systems. The standards for thermoplastic and fiberglass reinforced plastic piping systems are being developed to fill the unmet need for comprehensive documents in these areas.

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Chukwudi, Obi Ifeanyi. "ORGANIC PLASTICS: MATERIAL FOR SICK BUILDING SYNDROME CONTROL AND PREVENTION IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1365.

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Plastics are organic materials, which consist of synthetic or natural high-molecular compounds (polymers). Due to the large variety of plastic, its different types have different properties, which make it possible to widely use this material in all fields of industry from packaging to the construction industry. The second highest consumer of organic plastics materials after packaging is the construction industry. Thanks to great versatility, cost effectiveness, durability, strength to weight ratio and low maintenance plastics appear to be economically attractive in the construction sector and are used in the manufacturing of wide range of materials in the construction industry. Plastics most times are not easily seen in buildings, but they are widely used in construction and building industry for a vast and wide range of materials, which include insulation, piping, interior design, piping and conduit (rain water, electrical conduits, and sewage pipes, gas distributions and plumbing). Piping and Conduit for instance can consume around 35% of plastic production and are one of the largest consumers of polymers in construction. The purpose of this research is to study plastic as a construction material that can be used to control the formation of Sick building syndrome in buildings, and also as a material that can often be used in the construction industry.

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Wu, J. K. "A Method for Machine Arrangement Design Evaluation and Pipe Construction Material Estimation." Journal of Ship Production 16, no. 03 (August 1, 2000): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2000.16.3.173.

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This paper describes a method to estimate the pipe construction materials based on the Orthogonal Routing Method and three classes of design information, including equipment arrangement drawings, piping system diagrams, and equipment catalogs. However, this method does not need detail pipe routing design information. The pipe construction material estimating method has been tested by using the design information of the lubricating oil piping system of the main engine of an 8000-ton oil tanker. The result is very encouraging, only 10% underestimation. Such a material estimating method is a useful engineering tool from the Design for Manufacturing and Concurrent Engineering points of view.

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Li, Hao Chuang, Kwang Hyeon Lee, Jae Mean Koo, and Chang Sung Seok. "A Research on Static and Dynamic Fracture-Resistance of Welding Parts of Coolant Piping Material." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2109.

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Tensile and fracture toughness tests of coolant piping materials were performed at various loading rates and temperatures. The crack measurement method for coolant piping materials consisted of the unloading compliance method for quasi-static loading conditions and condition, while the electric potential drop method and the normalization method for quasi-dynamic loading conditions. Tensile and fracture toughness tests of coolant piping materials were performed at the design temperatures of the primary piping system of nuclear power plants, which are 449K (176°C) and 589K (316°C). Also, the plastic η factor considering strength mismatch of welding part was applied to the fracture toughness test results and the J-R curves by the plastic η factor considering strength mismatch of welding part was compared with the J-R curves by the plastic η factor introduced in ASTM E1820-01.

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8

Jing, Yuanlin, Feng Guo, Yiping Wang, and Qunwu Huang. "Influence of Piping on On-Line Continuous Weighing of Materials inside Process Equipment: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115246.

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Due to the continuity and complexity of chemical systems, piping and operating conditions will have a significant effect on the on-line continuous weighing of materials inside process equipment. In this paper, a mathematical model of the weighing system considering piping and operating conditions was established based on the gas–liquid continuous heat transfer weighing process. A theoretical criterion which can be extended to any continuous weighing system of the materials inside equipment with connected piping is obtained through the mechanical derivation between the material mass, the cantilever beam deflection, the strain gage deformation, and the bridge output voltage. This criterion can effectively predict the influence of piping on weighing results with specific accuracy, and provide a basis for engineering optimization design. On this basis, a set of gas–liquid continuous contact weighing devices was built. The static/dynamic experimental results showed that the accuracy of the system meets the set requirements.

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Jo, Mayumi, Makoto Ono, Masashi Nakayama, Hidekazu Asano, and Tomoko Ishii. "A study of methods to prevent piping and erosion in buffer materials intended for a vertical deposition hole at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 482, no. 1 (September 21, 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp482.7.

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AbstractPiping and erosion phenomena are serious problems affecting the integrity of buffer materials, which are an element of engineered barrier systems in the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. In this study, the outflow behaviour and the condition of buffer materials are investigated using a test pit drilled into host rock at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory to consider countermeasures to contain the outflow of the buffer material. The results are as follows: (1) Piping and erosion phenomena occur irrespective of the injection flow rate. However, when the rate is small, the buffer material is considered to be self-repairing and the outflow of the buffer material can be suppressed. (2) When the injection water contains large amounts of electrolytes, the surface of the buffer material peels off and precipitates, probably decreasing the waterproof performance. (3) Bentonite pellets are likely to be an effective countermeasure against piping and erosion.

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Tan, Jie, Jinwei Jiang, Min Liu, Qian Feng, Peng Zhang, and Siu Ho. "Implementation of Shape Memory Alloy Sponge as Energy Dissipating Material on Pounding Tuned Mass Damper: An Experimental Investigation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061079.

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Piping systems are important nonstructural components of most types of buildings. Damage to piping systems can lead to significant economic losses, casualties, and interruption of function. A survey of earthquake disaster sites shows that suspended piping systems are flexible and thus prone to large deformation, which can lead to serious damage of the piping systems. The single-sided pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD), which is an emerging vibration suppression tool, has the potential to serve as a cost effective and non-invasive solution for the mitigation of vibration in suspended piping systems. The operating frequency of the single-sided PTMD can be tuned similarly to a tuned mass damper (TMD). The single-side PTMD also possesses high energy dissipation characteristics and has demonstrated outstanding performance in vibration control. One of the key factors affecting the performance of the PTMD is the damping material, and there is a constant search for the ideal type of material that can increase the performance of the PTMD. This paper explores the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) sponge as the damping material for two types (spring steel and pendulum types) of PTMDs to mitigate the vibration of a suspended piping system. The PTMDs are tested both in free vibration and in forced vibration. The results are compared with no control, with a TMD control, and with a viscoelastic (VE) material PTMD control. The results show that in free vibration tests, SMA–PTMDs attenuate the displacement of the piping system significantly. The time to mitigate vibration (i.e., reduce 90% of the vibration amplitude) is reduced to 6% (for spring steel type) and 11% (for pendulum type) of the time taken to mitigate vibration without control. In forced vibration tests, the overall magnitudes of the frequency response are also lowered to 38% (spring steel) and 44% (pendulum) compared to vibration without control. The results indicate that SMA has the potential to be a promising energy dissipating material for PTMDs.

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11

Richards, Norvin. "Contiguity Theory and Pied-Piping." Linguistic Inquiry 51, no. 3 (July 2020): 553–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00353.

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In this article, I apply the conditions of Contiguity Theory ( Richards 2016 ) to the problem of pied-piping. I derive the conditions on pied-piping discovered by Cable ( 2007 , 2010a , b ) and account for the connection discovered by Uribe-Etxebarria (2002) between the conditions on wh-in-situ in a given language and the conditions on pied-piping in that language. In the end, as in Cable’s approach, pied-piping dissolves as a phenomenon; the same conditions that determine when overt movement must take place also determine how much material may be pied-piped.

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12

Scavuzzo, R. J., P. C. Lam, and J. S. Gau. "Ratcheting of Pressurized Piping Subjected to Seismic Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929046.

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The ABAQUS finite element code was used to model a pressurized pipe and subjected to cyclic bending loads to investigate ratcheting. A 1-in. schedule 40 pipe was loaded with a slow (static) cyclic load. The pipe internal pressure was varied from 0 to 6000 psi. Two types of materials were considered: an elastic perfectly plastic and a bilinear elastic-plastic material. Two types of finite elements of the ABAQUS program were compared to analytical solutions to evaluate the element accuracy in the plastic regime. Depending upon loading conditions and specified material properties, three different responses were observed from the finite element analyses: cyclic plasticity, ratcheting of the hoop strain, or shakedown. These analytical results are compared to some experimental measurements.

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Phanitwong, Wiriyakorn, and Sutasn Thipprakmas. "Finite element analysis of piping defect formation in the sheet-extrusion process." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500105.

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The pressing process, as compared to the machining process, makes good utilization of work piece material and shortens the production time, and as such it is increasingly used for production of complex shaped parts. A particular type of pressing is sheet-extrusion which controls the flow of material into special punch and die sets to produce an extruded shape. However, some particularly complex shaped parts cannot be made by sheet-extrusion due to the formation of piping defects. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) was used to investigate the formation of piping defects. In addition, the relationship between the characteristic dimensions of the extruded shape and the piping defect was also examined. Laboratory pressing experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of the FEM simulation results. Based on the stress distribution and velocity profiles within the extruded work piece, the relationship between the extruded shape and the piping defect was clearly identified. Furthermore, the FEM simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental results with regards to the dimensions of the extruded shape and the piping defect.

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14

Niu, Yu Jing, Li Song, Feng Tao Hu, and Ke Feng Wang. "T91 High Temperature Reheater Piping Leakage Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.300.

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Now T91steel is more and more used in power plant pipe components. The leakage of high temperature reheater pipe was analyzed after surveying the leaking site, checking material composition and observing the microstructure of related materials. We found that a large number of dust at the bottom of the pipe stopped the expansion of high temperature reheater tube rows, the connecting structure between pipes through fins was irrational, and welding fins process was substandard. Cracks were originated from fin-side weld, and extended to the pipe wall , which finally led to a leakage.

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Kim, Eung-Soo, and Myong-O. Yoon. "Design Consideration about Large Caliber Piping of Polyethylene Material." Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering 27, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2013.27.6.044.

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Tarafder, S., S. Sivaprasad, and K. K. Ray. "Ductile fracture behaviour of primary heat transport piping material." Materials Science and Technology 23, no. 11 (November 2007): 1285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328407x213008.

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Du, Xian He, and Ying Hua Liu. "Plastic Limit Analysis of Piping with Local Wall-Thinning under Elevated Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.47.

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In order to evaluate the safety and integrity of piping with local wall-thinning at elevated temperature, a numerical method for plastic limit load of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel piping is proposed in the present paper. The limit load of piping at high temperature is defined as the load-carrying capacity after the structure has served for a certain time period. The power law creep behavior with Liu-Murakami damage model is implemented into the commercial software ABAQUS via CREEP for simulation, and the Ramberg-Osgood model is modified to consider the material deterioration effect of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel by introducing the creep damage factor into the elasto-plastic constitutive equation. For covering the wide ranges of defect ratios and service time periods, various 3-D numerical examples for the piping with local wall-thinning defects, and creep time are calculated and analyzed. The limit loads of the defected structures under high temperature are obtained through classic zero curvature criterion with the modified Ramberg-Osgood model, and the typical failure modes of these piping are also discussed. The results show that the plastic limit load of piping containing defect at elevated temperature depends not only on the size of defect, but also on the creep time, which is different from the traditional plastic limit analysis at room temperature without material deterioration.

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Kim, Jung Taek, Seung Hwan Seong, J. H. Park, S. W. Cheon, C. K. Lee, Na Young Lee, Il Soon Hwang, and Sang J. Lee. "Integrated Approach for On-Line Condition Monitoring of Piping." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.445.

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There are several efforts for an advanced on-line health monitoring of a piping system by using a chemical condition monitoring, a X-ray radiography and a ultrasonic techniques. In order to increase the confidence of the understanding on the health condition of the underlying piping system, an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach has been adopted in this paper. Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) under an undesirable combination of the water chemistry, flow velocity and material composition has usually caused a pipe wall thinning. The condition monitoring tests on a piping elbow of a piping system have been conducted by using several advanced sensors such as an accelerometer, ultrasonic device, and chemical sensors.

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Wang, Shu Wei, Lin Lin, and Guo Zhong Wu. "Impact Analysis of Three Types of Insulation Materials Cold Heat Transfer in the Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.720.

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The good and bad effects of cryogenic equipments and pipe cold directly affect the energy consumption of the device as well as light hydrocarbon production. Therefore, the low temperature pipeline laying cold layer is necessary to analyze the cold material impact on the structure of the heat transfer of cryogenic piping cold, it can be able to provide a scientific basis for the future related to the transformation of low-temperature device and pipes. Through the establishment of the low-temperature piping cold heat transfer model, analyzing the impact of different pipeline medium temperature, cold material under low temperature piping cold heat transfer. The results show that : (1) Under the conditions of the same cold thickness ,the temperature of the medium in the pipe decreases , the heat flux becomes large , the cold loss becomes larger ; ( 2 ) Same medium temperature and the thickness of the cold , the cold effect of the insulation material order LT> polyurethane> foam glass .

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20

Bamford, W. H., E. I. Landerman, and E. Diaz. "Thermal Aging of Cast Stainless Steel, and Its Impact on Piping Integrity." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 107, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225771.

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A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of high temperature service (550–650°F or 288–343°C) on the mechanical properties of cast stainless steels. The material studied was Type 316 CF8M stainless steel, which has a duplex structure consisting of ferrite and austenite. Recent studies have shown that thermal aging can result in substantial changes in the Charpy impact energy of this material, and this study was designed to further investigate this finding, and to determine what the impact of this phenomenon might be on the failure mode of piping made of it. To do this one heat of material was furnace aged and tested to determine tensile, Charpy and J-integral R curve properties. To investigate the failure mode of thermally aged piping, entire sections of this heat of four inch (10.2 cm) schedule 80 cast piping were aged and tested to failure after the introduction of large flaws. The results of the test program showed excellent agreement with analytical predictions.

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Bloom, J. M. "Technical Basis for the Extension of ASME Code Case N-494 for Assessment of Austenitic Piping." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 118, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842223.

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In 1990, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for Nuclear Components approved Code Case N-494 as an alternative procedure for evaluating flaws in light water reactor (LWR) ferritic piping. The approach is an alternate to Appendix H of the ASME Code and allows the user to remove some unnecessary conservatism in the existing procedure by allowing the use of pipe specific material properties. The Code case is an implementation of the methodology of the deformation plasticity failure assessment diagram (DPFAD). The key ingredient in the application of DPFAD is that the material stress-strain curve must be in the format of a simple power law hardening stress-strain curve such as the Ramberg-Osgood (R-O) model. Ferritic materials can be accurately fit by the R-O model and, therefore, it was natural to use the DPFAD methodology for the assessment of LWR ferritic piping. An extension of Code Case N-494 to austenitic piping required a modification of the existing DPFAD methodology. Such an extension was made and presented at the ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping (PVP) Conference in Minneapolis (1994). The modified DPFAD approach, coined piecewise failure assessment diagram (PWFAD), extended an approximate engineering approach proposed by Ainsworth in order to consider materials whose stress-strain behavior cannot be fit to the R-O model. The Code Case N-494 approach was revised using the PWFAD procedure in the same manner as in the development of the original N-494 approach for ferritic materials. A lower-bound stress-strain curve (with yield stress comparable to ASME Code specified minimum) was used to generate a PWFAD curve for the geometry of a part-through wall circumferential flaw in a cylinder under tension and bending. Earlier work demonstrated that a cylinder under axial tension with a 50-percent flaw depth, 90 deg in circumference, and radius to thickness of 10, produced a lower-bound FAD curve. Validation of the new proposed Code case procedure for austenitic piping was performed using actual pipe test data. Using the lower-bound PWFAD curve, pipe test results were conservatively predicted (failure stresses were predicted to be 31.5 percent lower than actual on the average). The conservative predictions were attributed to constraint effects where the toughness values used in the predictions were obtained from highly constrained compact test specimens. The resultant development of the PWFAD curve for austenitic piping led to a revision of Code Case N-494 to include a procedure for assessment of flaws in austenitic piping.

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IIJIMA, Tadashi, and Takaaki SAKAKIDA. "404 Material Model for Inelastic Seismic Analysis of Piping System." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _404–1_—_404–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._404-1_.

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YOKOTA, Hiroshi, Yasushi NAGATA, Minoru TOMIMATSU, Tomonori NOMURA, Masahiko KIYOTA, and Takahiro KAWAMOTO. "Material Properties of Fatigue Crack Propagation on Carbon Steel Piping." Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2002 (2002): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2002.0_775.

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YAGUCHI, Masatsugu. "Creep Life Assessment Method Considering Material Properties of Individual Piping." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2017 (2017): OS1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2017.os1209.

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IKINO, Masaya, Mitsuo KOBAYASHI, Yoshiki GOTOH, Kanoo ICHINOSE, and Kunio KOKUBO. "204 Strength analysis of piping structure for sprinkler systems by earthquake : Influence of Piping material on the strength." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2014.51 (2014): _204–1_—_204–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2014.51._204-1_.

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Petzová, Jana, Martin Březina, Miloš Baľák, Mária Dománková, and Ľudovít Kupča. "Application of Metallographic Methods for Thermal Ageing Evaluation on Samples from Primary Piping of NPP." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.60.

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During a long-term operation of nuclear power plants (NPP), the changes of structural material properties occur. To ensure the safe and reliable operation, it is necessary to monitor and evaluate these changes mainly on components from primary circuit of NPPs. One of the dominant ageing mechanisms of NPP components besides the radiation embrittlement and the fatigue loads is the thermal ageing. The thermal ageing is the temperature, material and time dependent degradation mechanisms due to long-term exposure at the operating temperature of 570 K.This paper describes the project for thermal ageing monitoring at primary piping in NPP Bohunice Unit 3. There are summarized the results obtained from evaluation of original primary piping material.

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Keskinen, R. P. "Transient Hydroelastic Vibration of Piping With Local Nonlinearities." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264463.

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A mode superposition algorithm is presented to solve fluid and structural dynamics problems in piping systems with a local cross-sectional material nonlinearity, such as cavitation of fluid or circumferential cracking of the pipe material. Two families of eigenmodes are used to decompose the total response into so-called compatibility-controlling and resistance-controlling responses which satisfy the governing partial differential equations. The responses are simultaneously solved in time by means of convolution integral techniques. Either response is always predicting for the other an additional excitation—load or displacement—at the nonlinear cross section in such a manner that the resulting boundary conditions fully simulate the inelastic material behavior. The algorithm is applied to a test problem of waterhammer-induced coupled acoustic and mechanical piping vibrations with cavitating fluid. The coupling is shown to reduce the dynamical loading of the pipe and to eliminate unrealistic beating of closely spaced acoustic and mechanical eigenmodes appearing in uncoupled analysis.

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Ryu, YongHee, WooYoung Jung, and BuSeog Ju. "Vibration Effects of Nonclassically Damped Building-Piping Systems Subjected to Extreme Loads." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6189326.

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Piping leakage can occur at T-joint, elbows, valves, or nozzles in nuclear power plants and nonnuclear power plants such as petrochemical plants when subjected to extreme loads and such leakage of piping systems can also lead to fire or explosion. For example, leakage of sodium, toxic gases, or nitrogen in hospitals can cause man-made hazards. The primary objective of this research is to understand the vibration effects due to classical/nonclassical damping with building-piping systems under extreme loads. The current evaluation employed finite-element analysis to calculate the effects of the responses of classically and nonclassically damped building-piping systems. Classical and nonclassical damping matrices for a coupled primary-secondary system were developed based on the Rayleigh equation. A total of 10 selected ground motions were applied to single degree of freedom (SDOF) primary-SDOF secondary (2-DOF coupled) systems in which the ratios of the natural frequencies between the primary and secondary systems ranged between 0.9 and 1.1. It revealed that the vibration effect of nonclassical damping was significant where the natural frequencies of the two systems were nearly tuned. For piping-material nonlinearity, the effects of nonclassical damping on the result forces of piping systems were not significantly different from those of classical damping.

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Nadj, Laslo. "Investigation of sand in piping." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 123 (2012): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1223115n.

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For the investigation of the grain size distribution of the material washed out from the piping, we used 20 samples originating from different places on the Danube and the Tisza rivers. The grading characteristics of these samples were investigated based on selected grain sizes and the uniformity of gradients. Based on the investigations it has become possible to identify which grain size fractions are likely to be washed out, and how to characterize those fractions. Based on the grain size distribution curves it has been made possible to define the boundaries of the zone susceptible to piping. The zone limits of granular soils liquefied by earthquakes and the zone limits of the soil out washed from piping are very similar. This apparent correspondence already formerly raised the hypothetic question of whether piping occurring during high flood can be simulated by shape to similar surface liquefaction phenomena experienced during earthquakes, as in both cases a volcanic cone is formed through the crater of which water is constantly issuing, dragging away solid particles.

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Section XI Task Group for Piping Flaw Evaluation, ASME Code. "Evaluation of Flaws in Austenitic Steel Piping." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 108, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 352–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264797.

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This report summarizes the methods and bases used by the Task Group for Piping Flaw Evaluation to develop allowable flaw sizes for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI, IWB-3640, “Evaluation Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for Austenitic Piping.” Because the Task Group identified two flaw-related failure mechanisms for light water reactor (LWR) austenitic steel piping, two sets of allowable flaw size tables were developed. One set is presented for base metal and nonflux welds, which have high flaw tolerance; a second set is provided for flux welds that can have lower relative toughness and flaw tolerance. Application of the flaw evaluation procedures for cast austenitic piping requires material classification on a case by case basis. Allowable flaw sizes are presented in tabular form, with the allowable part-through flaw depth defined as a function of load and flaw length. Tables are presented for both longitudinal and circumferential flaws, and normal/upset and emergency/faulted conditions. This report also recommends crack growth rate and weld residual stress data needed to perform subcritical crack growth analyses in accordance with Section XI, Appendix C, “Evaluation of Flaws in Austenitic Piping.” These data and the allowable flaw size tables provide the means to determine the acceptabiality for continued service of austenitic piping containing flaws whose sizes exceed the standards specified in Section XI, IWB-3514.3, “Allowable Indication Standards for Austenitic Piping.”

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Becht, Charles, and Yaofeng Chen. "Span Limits for Elevated Temperature Piping." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 2 (October 11, 1999): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556161.

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Pipe deflection due to self-weight quite often governs in the determination of the spacing between supports. Methods are readily available for calculation of elastic deflection of the pipe. However, such methods are not available for calculation of long-term deflection due to creep, which can be many times the initial elastic deflection for pipe operating in the creep regime of the material. Closed-form solutions for simple span conditions are presented which can be used by the analyst to develop charts for specific applications. These solutions provide insights into the problem of establishing span limits for elevated temperature pipe. [S0094-9930(00)01101-X]

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32

Oh, Min-Jae, Myung-Il Roh, Sung-Woo Park, and Seong-Hoon Kim. "Estimation of Material Requirement of Piping Materials in an Offshore Structure using Big Data Analysis." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 55, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2018.55.3.243.

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Samsol, Samsol, Kris Pudyastuti, and Nicko Matthe Lie. "MATERIAL INSULASI TERHADAP EFEK KEHILANGAN PANAS PADA JALUR PIPA PANAS BUMI." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v8i4.6209.

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<p><em>Heat loss which occured because heat transfer from high temperature to low temperature is one of major problem in piping design in geothermal. Insulation used to solve the problem. These analysis carried out in 18 inch pipeline in steam field. Calcium silicate, rockwool, and foam glass is selected as 3 materials in these study. These 3 materials have different thermal conductivity, so ability to withstand heat for each of them is different. This research used to determine the best material to solve heat loss. Rockwool is the best material from the other 2 </em></p>

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34

Carmichael, G. D. T. "An Assessment of Primary System Stresses on the Creep Behaviour of High Temperature Steam Piping Systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 200, no. 3 (August 1986): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_027_02.

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The effects of creep on the primary system loadings sustained by high temperature steam piping layouts are ignored in design. A detailed evaluation of the consequences of this omission is presented from both the theoretical and practical viewpoints. Piping analyses show that if systems are not supported correctly this can give rise to enhanced primary stresses. In these circumstances if the creep strength of any part of weldments is significantly less than the average rupture strength of the parent material circumferential cracking may occur in the design lifetime. A feature of the results obtained from creep analyses is that over-stressed systems tend to sink with lime. It is proposed that this characteristic can be used to help decide which piping systems should have their welds examined.

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Park, JungGoo, and JongHun Woo. "A Study on Process Management Method of Offshore Plant Piping Material." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 55, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2018.55.2.124.

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36

Yoon, Ji Hyun, Jong Man Lee, Maan Won Kim, and Bong Sang Lee. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviors of AISI Type 347 Nuclear Piping Material." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1129.

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The effect of the temperature and microstructure on the fatigue crack growth behaviors of two microstucturally different AISI type 347 stainless steel(SS)s are studied at reactor operating temperature conditions. From the results, it was observed that the fatigue crack growth rate(FCGR) of type 347 SS increased as the test temperature was increased. However, its temperature sensitivity was reduced when the ΔK was large. The measured FCGRs for both TP347-LP and TP347-HP at 25oC and 345oC were lower than those presented in the ASME code. Especially near the threshold region, the trend curve in ASME code overestimated the FCGR of type 347 SS when compared with the obtained data. Even though the effect of the microstructure on the macro-crack growth rate was not significant during stage 2, the differences between threshold values for the specimen with a high precipitate density and the one with a low precipitate density were observed. It is assumed that these differences in the precipitate density, which resulted in a difference in mean free path length of dislocation movement, are the source of the difference in ΔKth of type 347 steels.

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Stuckenbruck, S., D. C. Wiggert, and R. S. Otwell. "The Influence of Pipe Motion on Acoustic Wave Propagation." Journal of Fluids Engineering 107, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242523.

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It is well known that the magnitude of the acoustic wavespeed in piping is influenced by properties of the fluid and the pipe material. Traditionally, derivations have been based on a quasi-static control volume model, where the pipe deformation takes place in the time the liquid acoustic wave travels a known distance along the pipe. In actuality, dilation of the piping causes axial stress waves to propagate along the pipe wall at speeds greater than that of the acoustic wave. Such axial coupling between the liquid and piping has been reported by several investigators, including Walker and Phillips [4], who developed a six-equation model with a three-wave family—radial and axial stress, and axial liquid. In the present study Walker and Phillips’ model is simplified to a four-equation one by neglecting radial inertia, a valid assumption for many practical piping system transients. An eigenvalue analysis of the hyperbolic relations reveals two axial waves—in the liquid and in the pipe wall—which are modified by the coupling action. The traditional wave speed formulations with varied coupling constraints are reviewed in light of the present development. Numerical examples are presented which show the effects of such interaction for various combinations of liquid and piping.

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Hayashi, M., I. Tanaka, K. Iida, F. Matsuda, and M. Sato. "Vibration Behavior and Fatigue Strength of Mocked-Up Piping System." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842314.

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For the purpose of investigating vibration characteristics and fatigue strength of a socket-welded joint, a piping system was mocked-up by assembling a straight pipe of 350 mm nominal diameter and a long pipe of 20 mm nominal diameter consisting of straight pipes and elbows. The one end of the small-diameter piping is connected to the large-diameter pipe at its longitudinal midpoint by socket welding, and the rest is supported at several supporting points, the locations of which are changed as an experimental parameter. The materials of the small-diameter piping are carbon and stainless steels. The small-diameter piping was subjected to nearly resonant vibration with the frequency of about 11 Hz by a sinusoidal vibration load applied to the large-diameter pipe. The vibrating displacement amplitude measured on the actual piping was basically 0.05 mm in resonant condition; but the displacement was changed to obtain an S-N curve for the socket-welded joint in the fatigue life range of 104 to 107 cycles. In the mocked-up specimens, fatigue cracks were initiated from the toe of the socket-fillet welds at higher stress amplitude, but from the fillet root at lower stress amplitude. Comparative fatigue tests of straight shape socket-welded specimens fabricated with 20 mm nominal diameter pipe of the same material as used in the mocked-up specimen were carried out under four-point bending condition. The fatigue strength of the socket-welded joint in the mocked-up specimen was about 15 percent lower than that of the simple specimen fatigued by four-point bending load. The reason for this difference is probably due to the triaxial stress condition and three-dimensional restraint condition. The strain gage measurement showed that the shear stress was about 40 percent of the bending stress in the case of the mockedup specimen. In addition, vibration tests of the piping system showed good agreement between experimental and analytical results of vibration behavior.

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Park, Jung Goo, Ho Jung Kim, and Jong Hun Woo. "Development of Entering Order and Work-Volume Assignment Algorithms for the Management of Piping Components in Offshore Structure Construction." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110894.

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In the early 2010s, with rising oil prices and increasing purchase orders for offshore structures for deep-sea resource development, the shipyards that took these orders suffered unexpected losses. Unlike the construction of commercial carrier vessels, the construction of offshore structures necessary to develop deep-sea resources is difficult to manage due to the complexity of the outfitting process of the topside structure, which is a plant for gas and oil production and treatment. Piping components in particular, which comprise most of the design items, are difficult to manage because they involve 2 to 3 times the man-hours and up to 10 times the quantity of items compared to commercial carrier vessels. Due to not only high man-hours and quantity but also large fluctuations caused by design changes and long procurement lead times, process delays that result in delayed compensation frequently occurred. In response, Samsung Heavy Industries developed an integrated management system for piping components. This study describes the entering order optimization algorithm and work-volume assignment optimization algorithm, which are the core algorithms of this system. The entering order optimization algorithm determines the optimal installation order considering the procurement status of the piping components and the installation readiness status of the installation work site, through which it determines the entering order of the piping components. The algorithm seeks to accelerate the completion rate of installation of the piping components. Next, to minimize delivery delays of sub-contractors to the shipyard, this study developed a work-volume assignment optimization algorithm that can equalize the load on multiple sub-contractors considering the raw material readiness status and the production capacity of the sub-contractors, in terms of materials that must be ordered from external sub-contractors among the piping components whose entering order was determined. Finally, applying the algorithm developed using actual shipyard data resulted in an accelerated completion rate of installation and improved balance of load in terms of volume assigned to the sub-contractors.

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Stawniczy, G., W. R. Bak, and G. Hau. "Piping Stress-Strain Correlation for Seismic Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265627.

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This paper establishes limits on piping material strains for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Level D loadings that ensure a limitation of deformation and provide suitable safety margins. In establishing the strain limits, potential piping failure modes due to compressive wrinkling and low-cycle fatigue are considered. A stress-strain correlation methodology to convert linear, elastically calculated Code Class 2 and 3 equation (9)-Level D stresses to strains is established. This correlation is based on the fatigue evaluation procedure of the Code and is verified by comparison with test results. A detailed discussion of test results compared with the stress-strain correlation methodology is also presented.

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Tasnim, Rumana, Sheroz Khan, Atika Arshad, and Molla Rashied Hussein. "Non-Contact Capacitive Technique for Biomass Flow Sensing." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp531-541.

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To facilitate real-time flow measurement, this paper aims to realize biomass flow sensing through electronic non-contact capacitive means. Hardware implementation has been carried out using a modified OP-AMP-based bridge circuit, with one arm made of a standard capacitance while the other arm is made from two specifically designed capacitive electrodes fitted on a piping system sensing biomass flow. The experimental results are targeted to obtain data for given biomass types through a custom-developed biomass flow piping system. Several flow affecting parameters namely: electrodes’ shapes, the location of electrodes on the piping system, biomass material type, and particle size have been considered in obtaining experimental data. Also, the circuit has been simulated to analyze flow sensing behavior for the proposed technique by evaluating the measurement data and assessing conformity between experimentally obtained and simulated data.

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Das, Biman, and Navin Tejpal. "A Computer Simulation Approach to Improving Tugboat Shipbuilding Design and Development Productivity." Journal of Ship Production 24, no. 04 (November 1, 2008): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2008.24.4.221.

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Tugboat shipbuilding design drawings are currently prepared with insufficient and untimely information of material/equipment availability, resulting in drawing changes and errors, increased labor and material costs, and lengthening of ship completion time. It is proposed that the design drawings are only prepared after confirmation of material/equipment availability from vendors to deal with the problem. The concept of concurrent engineering is introduced by integrating design and vendor activities through adequate and timely vendor-furnished information (VFI) to deal with the problem. The PERT (program evaluation and review technique) computer simulation models were employed through the use of a simulation package AweSim to analyze the work activity networks of piping drawings. A cost savings of about $1,389,700 would be possible through a 10% reduction in total design and including piping drawings and development labor costs and construction labor and material costs. The completion time for preparing design drawings and ship construction can be reduced by about 186 days or 19.5% of the total throughput time for a tugboat shipbuilding process.

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Yang, Xiang Yang. "Research on Design and Construction Issues of Oxygen Pipeline in Chemical Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.809.

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When the high-pressure chemical oxygen delivery device, the slightest mistake, likely to cause explosion, so the design oxygen pipeline, it is usually as a special danger medium piping design. This paper explores the design of the petrochemical industry in oxygen pipes, installation and construction unit issues and process piping installation and construction issues, systematic analysis of the piping in the design and construction should pay attention to the problems and solutions to ensure each petrochemical industry aspects of safe operation. Standard requirements and corresponding measures in aspects of oxygen pipeline flow rate control, material selection, pipe and valve selection and pipeline construction, which should be followed to ensure the safety of oxygen pipeline, which are described in details, according to the national standard/safety technical regulation for oxygen and relative gases produced with cryogenic method. Finally, the experience of safe use of oxygen pipelines is presented.

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Tan, Ying, Vernon C. Matzen, and Lixin Yu. "Correlation of Test and FEA Results for the Nonlinear Behavior of Straight Pipes and Elbows." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1493806.

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This paper summarizes the literature on reconciliation of finite element analyses with in-plane bending experiments on piping elbows. It then describes in detail two four-point-bending tests on straight pipes and two in-plane bending tests on elbows and the corresponding nonlinear finite element analyses. Using a new procedure for obtaining a stress-strain curve for stainless steel using only values for E,Sy, and Su and a representative stress-strain curve from a test on a similar material specimen, the nonlinear responses of the piping components tested are shown to be simulated more accurately than previously published results.

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Bang, Dae-Suk, and Jae-Ou Lee. "A Study on Seismic Design Method Considering Physical Properties of Piping Material." Fire science and engineering 32, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2018.32.2.038.

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Singh, P. K., J. Chattopadhyay, H. S. Kushwaha, S. Tarafder, and V. R. Ranganath. "Tensile and fracture properties evaluation of PHT system piping material of PHWR." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 75, no. 4 (April 1998): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-0161(97)00093-8.

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Li, Kun, W. A. Torello, and Baoshan Xing. "Retention of organic and inorganic chemicals by the drainage/supply piping material." Environmental Pollution 108, no. 3 (June 2000): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00193-1.

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Donaldson, William. "Manuscript Material in the University of Aberdeen for the Study of Piping." Northern Scotland 20 (First Serie, no. 1 (May 2000): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2000.0010.

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Bray, Don E. "Ultrasonic Stress Measurement and Material Characterization in Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Welds." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 3 (July 26, 2002): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1480825.

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A pressure vessel has been constructed for demonstrating the LCR ultrasonic technique for indicating changes in wall and weld stress. A special contoured LCR probe was designed and constructed, and the pressure vessel was fitted with strain gauges for monitoring the wall stress. At low wall stresses, below 4 ksi (26 MPa), the ultrasonic data showed considerable scatter. There is similar scatter in the zero pressure travel-times at individual locations around the vessel. At wall stresses of 4 ksi (26 MPa) and above, however, there is an almost linear relationship of stress and travel-time change. Measurements adjacent to an end weld also showed very good trends. Plots of travel times approaching a weld predict −27.5 ksi (−190 MPa) at 1 in. (25 mm) from the weld, compared to zero stress at 5.6 in. (142 mm) away from the weld. These results are consistent with results obtained by others on a similar weld using the blind hole drilling method.

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Dan-asabe, Bashar. "Thermo-mechanical characterization of banana particulate reinforced PVC composite as piping material." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 30, no. 4 (October 2018): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2016.11.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Piping material'

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