Journal articles: 'Pipelines Welding'

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Frolov, A. V. "Pipe Welding Machine Modernization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012016.

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Abstract There are the results of pipelines rolled joints welding machine modernization. The machine is designed using a welding rotator, linear electric drives, stepper motors, CNC system. The machine is controlled by a CNC system according to ISO 6983-1: 2009. The machine consists of: stepping rotary device, welding torch stepping device, controlled TIG welding power source, controlled welding wire feeder, welding current control system, workpiece rotation control system and welding torch. The welding torch movement trajectory controlling software has been created. It allows to weld by any type of welding torch recommended movements. The modernizing machine allows welding the pipelines rolled joints in automatic mode both in one pass and in multi-pass. The machine can be used for industrial pipeline elements welding, for welding modes testing, for studying the effect of welding modes on the quality of pipeline welds. The results can be adapted for sheet structures welding using the standard commands of the ISO 6983-1: 2009 standard. The results can be adapted to industrial welding robots control. The welding machine can be used for MIG / MAG welding and surfacing.

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Makarenko, Valery, Volodymyr Gots, Yulia Makarenko, Tetiana Arhatenko, and Viktor Polishchuk. "Research of accidents pipelines." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 40 (September 26, 2022): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.40.31-43.

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The durability and reliability of operation of steel pipelines of water supply and sewage systems is determined in particular by the quality of their welded joints, which in turn depends both on the composition of the materials used in their manufacture and on the observance of welding technology. The composition of impurities of transported liquids, which can cause corrosive destruction of materials, also has a significant impact on the reliability of pipeline systems. These phenomena are especially important in hot water supply and industrial drainage systems, where the destructive influence of physical factors and the chemical composition of the environment can be decisive. It was found that the loss of strength of the pipeline is caused in particular by improper operation, under the conditions of which micro-flaws of welded joints of pipelines appear, which leads to their destruction. The results of examinations and experimental studies of the strength of welds of steel process pipelines are presented. An external inspection was carried out, determination of the structure and strength parameters of pipeline welds, layer-by-layer analysis of corrosion damage on their inner surface. It was found that premature destruction of welded joints of hot water supply pipelines and industrial sewage is caused by long-term operation in a stressed state. Under such circumstances, the uneven coarse-grained structure of the seam, the presence of non-metallic inclusions in the metal structure, and violations of the welding technology had a critical impact on the loss of strength. In order to increase the corrosion-mechanical resistance of welded joints of industrial pipelines, it is necessary to modify the surfacing metal of the weld to break down the structure and significantly reduce non-metallic inclusions, as well as to improve the technology of manual arc welding with coated electrodes, in particular, the root layers of welding seams.

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Zhang, De Fen, Jin Wang, Zheng Tao Jiang, Xiong Shi, Zeng Zhen Li, and Xin Zeng. "Investigation on Non-Preheating Welding Technology of X70 Pipeline Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1836.

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Considering the mechanical properties of X70 pipeline steel after repeated welding heat cycles, preheating and interpass temperature controlling are often adopted in the welding technology, which widely increase the welding construction time and lower the construction efficiency, thus improve the construction cost of pipelines. According to the present welding process of X70 pipeline steel, non-preheating welding technology was proposed in this paper. The experiment results show that the properties of the weld joint of X70 pipeline steel with non-preheating achieves the requirement of specified standard. Furthermore, this method simplifies the welding construction processes and improves the construction efficiency. Key Words:X70 Steel; Non-Preheating; Welding Technology

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Amori, Dr Karima E. Amori, Dr Mohammad N. Hussain Hussain, and Hadeel B. Hilal Hilal. "Experimental Investigation of Pipeline In-Service Welding Process." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i1.216.

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Welding of pipeline in active operation (called in-service welding) is an advancedtechnique employed to repair pipelines to safe transmission of petroleum or gas. A thermalexperimental study is accomplished on welding process of gas pipeline in this work. Anexperimental setup had been designed, manufactured and instrumented to estimate the methodfor repairing locally pipelines defects (such as cracks and holes wall surface) under the influenceof internal pressure. Also the thermal history of welding process was investigated experimentallyto three cases which are : traditional welding process with no fluid flows inside the test pipe, anin-service welding process considering air as the flowing fluid inside test pipe, and an in-servicewelding process considering the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as flowing fluid inside test pipe.Results show that direct deposition of welding metal on a through hole under the influence ofinternal pressure succeeded for flow rate less than (12lpm) and failed for flow equal or higherthan (12lpm) in which a sleeve repair is considered. The calculations are followed by a separatethermal stress analysis based on the thermal history.

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Yin, Tie, Jinpeng Wang, Hong Zhao, Lun Zhou, Zenghuan Xue, and Hehe Wang. "Research on Filling Strategy of Pipeline Multi-Layer Welding for Compound Narrow Gap Groove." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 5967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175967.

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With the increase in transmission pressure and pipe diameter of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, automatic welding of the pipeline has become the mainstream welding method. The multi-layer and multi-pass welding path planning of large-diameter pipelines with typical narrow gap grooves are studied, and a welding strategy for pipeline external welding robot is proposed. By analyzing the shape of the weld bead section of the narrow gap groove and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the equal-height method and the equal-area method, the mathematical model of the filling layer is established. Through the test and analysis in the workshop, the predicted lifting value meets the actual welding requirements. The microstructure of the weld was analyzed by SEM. The main structure of the weld was fine acicular ferrite, which could improve the mechanical properties of the welded joint. After multi-layer filling, the filling layer is flush with the edge of the groove. The establishment of this model lays a foundation for the formulation of welding process parameters for large-diameter pipes and the off-line programming of welding procedures.

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Gorshkova, O. О. "ORBITAL WELDING OF PIPELINES." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 1 2021 (2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.38465.

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Kulik, V. I., O. E. Ostrovskii, O. M. Novikov, and E. M. Borisov. "Orbital arc welding pipelines." Welding International 7, no. 11 (January 1993): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119309548514.

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8

Hu, Yanhua, Yukun Wang, Pengyu Jia, Jianyu Lv, and Mingchao Wang. "Research on Development and Test Analysis of Full-Scale Fatigue Test System of X65 Submarine Pipeline." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125301055.

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The fatigue performance of welded joints of submarine pipelines is directly related to the safety and economic benefits of welded structures. Considering the limitations of fatigue calculation, anti-fatigue design and small-scale fatigue test in the evaluation and analysis of pipeline fatigue life, this paper demonstrated the feasibility, scientificity and advancement of submarine pipeline full-scale fatigue test technology in engineering applications. Consequently, a full-scale fatigue test system and its test analysis technology applied for ZY-PFS2000 pipelines have been first developed in China, in which the effects of welding residual stress, stress concentration, initial welding defects, pipeline internal pressure shutdown and internal medium fluctuations on the fatigue life of full-scale pipelines were comprehensively taken into account. Through the full-scale fatigue test (four-point bending + internal pressure) of the X65 submarine pipeline, the fatigue cycles of different specifications of pipelines under different stress amplitudes were obtained. Moreover, the fatigue loading results were evaluated and analyzed in accordance with the international standard of BS 7608 and DNV C203. The research in this paper is conducive to accumulating full-scale fatigue performance data for submarine pipelines in China, not only offering a quantitative basis for the subsequent full-scale fatigue life evaluation and the safety operation cycle, but also providing a reference direction for the future development of submarine pipeline full-scale fatigue test technology.

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Yin, Tie, Hai-Cheng Jin, Hong Zhao, and Qian Zhang. "Effects of Ternary Shielding Gas on Weld Characteristics of All-Position Welding for Pipelines." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4160.

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As an efficient welding method, Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) has the advantages of low thermal energy input and stable mechanical properties of ring weld joints. GMAW has now become the main welding method for large-diameter oil and gas pipelines. Narrow gap welding is widely needed in pipeline manufacturing, yet lack of fusion on side walls is often produced in this process when conventional binary shielding gas (Ar–CO2) is used. Here, we use a ternary shielding gas (Ar–CO2–O2) to improve the weld formation of all-position narrow gap welding of pipelines. The weld formation and weld penetration depth of the pipe welding at 0 o’clock (flat welding), 3 o’clock (vertical welding), 6 o’clock (overhead welding) are investigated. Macroscopic metallographic analysis on the melt width are carried out, and feasibility of the ternary shielding gas is illustrated. Comparing to the binary shielding gas, the ternary shielding gas leads to better weld formation, weld width and weld penetration. Especially, the weld penetration depth can increase by 20%, which helps to reduce the lack of fusion.

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Wang, Pin Yi, and Zong Yuan Mou. "Study on the Weldability of X100 Pipeline Steel on Scene." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.343.

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With the long-distance oil and gas pipelines are to development of the direction of large-diameter, high-pressure, high grade pipeline steel applications gradually become the trend of the development of the oil and gas pipeline construction. The welding process of the X100 line pipe which is about to industrial application is not yet to be determined. It is not clear that the affect to the weldability from the metallurgical composition, organization, performance, and other factors which would affect the site construction welding process and welding measures. In addition, it is not yet the discussion and analysis of the key technologies X100 line pipe-site welding process and defect types. In this paper, the X100 pipeline on-site application of welding technology research commenced work and studied the weldability and welding process of X100 which solve the field application of X100 pipeline steel pipe welding issues.

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11

Wang, Gang, Jinzhao Wang, Limeng Yin, Huiqin Hu, and Zongxiang Yao. "Quantitative Correlation between Thermal Cycling and the Microstructures of X100 Pipeline Steel Laser-Welded Joints." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010121.

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Due to the limitations of the energy density and penetration ability of arc welding technology for long-distance pipelines, the deterioration of the microstructures in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (HAZ) in welded joints in large-diameter, thick-walled pipeline steel leads to insufficient strength and toughness in these joints, which strongly affect the service reliability and durability of oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, high-energy-beam welding is introduced for pipeline steel welding to reduce pipeline construction costs and improve the efficiency and safety of oil and gas transportation. In the present work, two pieces of X100 pipeline steel plates with thicknesses of 12.8 mm were welded by a high-power robot laser-welding platform. The quantitative correlation between thermal cycling and the microstructure of the welded joint was studied using numerical simulation of the welding temperature field, optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the heat-source model of a Gaussian-distributed rotating body and the austenitization degree parameters are highly accurate in simulating the welding temperature field and characterizing the austenitization degree. The effects of austenitization are more significant than those of the cooling rate on the final microstructures of the laser-welded joint. The microstructure of the X100 pipeline steel in the HAZ is mainly composed of acicular ferrite (AF), granular bainite (GB), and bainitic ferrite (BF). However, small amounts of lath martensite (LM), upper bainite (UB), and the bulk microstructure are found in the columnar zone of the weld. The aim of this paper is to provide scientific guidance and a reference for the simulation of the temperature field during high-energy-beam laser welding and to study and formulate the laser-welding process for X100 pipeline steel.

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Poser, Maja, Dobre Runchev, and Filip Zdraveski. "Welding tehnology for steel P460NL2." Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije 67, no. 4 (2022): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zzk2204167p.

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This paper presents the development of welding technology for P460NL2 steel with a thickness of 30 mm. The technology was developed for the purpose of producing housings in which the device PIG-Pipeline Inspection/Intervention Gauge intended for testing and maintenance of pipelines is installed. In this particular case, the housings were intended for cleaning pipelines for the transport of acid-aggressive gases. The material was selected in accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 and ASME BPVC IKS standards. The welding technology is made for butt joint, root pass with GMAW, and other layers filled with SAW. Preheating and heat treatment after welding were performed to restore the structure. Standard tests are conducted such as: metallography, hardness test, tensile test and toughness, and the results are presented and commented in this paper. In conclusion, the welding technology gives satisfactory results, but, in terms of meeting the specifics of the NACE MR0103 and MR0175 standards, it shows increased hardness in the transition zone, in the HAZ.

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13

Martyniuk, R. T., and O. T. Chernova. "MODERN METHODS OF REPAIR OF PIPELINES." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 17(64) (November 22, 2022): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2022-17(64)-179-189.

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At the stages of maintenance and repair of pipeline systems, there is a need to use flameless cutting in existing pipelines, in particular: when it is necessary to connect intake chambers and start cleaning pistons, and during pipeline repair with a complete replacement of the pipe body without stopping the transportation of the product. Also, fireless cutting is effectively used to connect branch pipelines during the development of pipeline systems. One of the progressive directions of improving the maintenance and repair of pipelines is the development of cutting methods that would ensure high efficiency and environmental friendliness of the work. However, their successful application is impossible without a theoretical and experimental study of the process of welding the branch pipe to the operating pipeline.

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14

Ngo, Gia Viet. "Automated Orbital Welding of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels Pipelines with Small Diameter." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.766.

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Welding of small-diameter pipelines made of carbon and low-alloy steels is highly demanded in various industries. However, there is practically no scientific literature covering all methods of welding of such pipelines. This article analyzes the available literature, as well as the authors' own developments. The survey showed the most common non-consumable electrode welding technology in inert gases. The main points of non-consumable electrode welding technology in inert gases, as well as the development of welding of small-diameter pipelines from carbon and low-alloy steels, are presented and structured.

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Syrenko, Tatyana. "Prerequisites for developing an advanced welding technology for repair of worn elements of steam-conducting systems." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 94 (December 16, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.94.0.108.

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The main disadvantage of standard technologies of welding steam pipelines of thermal power plants is that they can allow the presence of defective structures close to the defective ones in the metal of the seam and in the sections of the HAZ. In this regard, the question arises about the development of a new technology that will provide the appropriate structure and properties that will increase the service life of steam pipelines and get a significant economic effect. Goal. The goal is improvement of the technology of welding pipelines of thermal power plants based on the study of the features of the formation of welded joints operating in Creep conditions. Methodology. The level of wear of the elements of the Steam-conducting path was estimated taking into account the provisions of the regulatory documentation of metallographic analysis, determination of chemical composition and properties, as well as the degree of their deformation. Results. It is revealed that welded joints are characterized by initial structural heterogeneity, which is closely related to long-term strength, ductility and impact strength. For example, at different sections of a welded joint, there is a different intensity of transition of alloying elements and, accordingly, a different type of structural component can be formed. The proposed technology of welding repair of damaged elements of steam pipelines using mechanized welding in CO2+Ar provides for the production of welded joints with a higher level of uniformity of structure, chemical composition and properties. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The welding technology has been improved, which includes developing the modes for performing repair work by mechanized welding in an Ar + CO2 environment of steam pipeline samples with a depth of ≥ 20 mm and a width of ≥ 30 mm, and differs from the known ones by using linear energy welding of 1.2–1.5 MJ/m.

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Wang, Fu Shan, Fa Gen Li, Ya Jun Li, Xue Qiang Mao, Bai Chun Liu, and Gu Hong. "Analysis of Welding Technology about Bimetallic Clad Pipelines." Key Engineering Materials 905 (January 4, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.905.9.

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Butt girth welding was a knotty problem for future application of bimetallic clad pipelines. At present, there were two kinds of problems: 1) To decide whether to use a variety of alloy welding procedure or to use corrosion resistant alloy full welding procedure; 2) After selecting the procedure, what kind of welding material should be equipped. In view of the above problems, taking 316L SS or 2205 DSS clad pipe as an example, welding process design and experimental analysis were conduted in this paper. Analysis of welding process from theory, standard and practice pointed out the control of welding hardness under different welding materials and procedure and directional suggestions of welding for bimetallic clad pipelines were provided. Futher the hardness distribution and CVN absorbed Energy test results of different welding processes showed welding quality could be guaranteed only when ENiCrMo-3 welding material was chosen for the whole weld.

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Thang, Vul, David Hui, Jianren Zhou, and Peter W. Marshall. "Failure prevention of seafloor composite pipelines using enhanced strain-based design." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2022-0035.

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Abstract Steel pipes are widely used in offshore structures and buried seafloor pipelines. Buried single-wall pipelines or piles of fixed offshore platforms crossing the earthquake fault can experience very large displacement, which could cause considerable damages or failures to the pipes. The elevated strains induced in pipelines from welding connection between the pipes also can drastically reduce the pipe’s performance. Therefore, to prevent these types of damages and failures, this research used an enhanced strain-based design method along with finite element analysis, developed bonded and unbonded double-wall composite pipes, which were in replacement of the single-wall ones, and studied the effects of welding on the double-wall composite pipeline in terms of wrinkles, ovalization, stresses, and strain. Here, the double-wall annulus of the pipelines was grouted with polymer. Extensive experiments were performed with displacement loads being applied to the pipelines in clay and in air and the results were analyzed. It was found that using an enhanced strain-based design method, failures in the pipelines could be significantly reduced or possibly even eliminated. This work would also potentially lead to a new area of research in the oil and gas industries since the elevated strains induced in pipelines due to weld could lead to several modes of failure. In addition, this research found some significant impacts in terms of safety due to the bond between steel and polymer and weld imperfection in the pipelines.

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Faes, Koen, Patrick De Baets, Alfred Dhooge, Wim De Waele, Rudi Denys, E. Van Der Donckt, and D. Delbaere. "Weldability of micro-alloyed high-strength pipeline steels using a new friction welding variant." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 1, no. 1 (November 6, 2010): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v1i1.20401.

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An innovative welding method for fully automatic joining of pipelines has been developed. Theproposed welding procedure is a variant of the conventional friction welding process. A rotatingintermediate ring is used to generate heat necessary to realise the weld. The working principles of thewelding process are described. The weldability of the micro-alloyed high-strength pipeline steel API-5L X65is experimentally investigated. It was found that the new welding process is suitable for joining this material.When welding with a sufficiently low heat input, a high weld quality is obtained. Under these circumstancesthe weld strength, ductility and impact toughness are high and fulfil the requirements of the commonly usedstandard EN 12732 for joining pipes.

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Keitel, S., and J. Neubert. "hybrid Laser-GMA girth welding technologies for transmission pipelines." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 4 (April 28, 2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.04.05.

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Zhou, Can Feng, Xiang Dong Jiao, Long Xue, Jia Qing Chen, and Xiao Ming Fang. "Automatic Hyperbaric Welding of Sub-Sea Pipelines Repair." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3478.

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Air diving are widely used in many shallow water areas, if applicable welding technology adaptive to such a condition developed, then operation cost of offshore structure repairs can be largely saved. In order to meet such a special requirement, an automatic GTAW welding process under high air pressures was researched. Firstly, the hyperbaric welding test chamber was designed and constructed in laboratory, and the welding machine was manufactured. Secondly, experiments under 1-7 bar air pressures were studied including linear welds and pipe butt welds, and high weld quality was obtained. Lastly, the hyperbaric welding sea-trial was carried out, and perfect 5G girth weld of sub-sea pipelines was produced.

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Krishnan, V. R. "Welding of Pipelines for Oil Industry." Indian Welding Journal 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v21i3.148398.

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Aristotele, R., L. F. Di Vito, and L. Barsanti. "Welding X100 steels for gas pipelines." Welding International 18, no. 11 (November 2004): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/wint.2004.3351.

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Makarenko, V. D., S. P. Shatilo, I. O. Makarenko, V. Yu Chernov, K. A. Murav'ev, and A. I. Kalyanov. "Welding Nonrotating Joints in Petroleum Pipelines." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 40, no. 5/6 (May 2004): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:cape.0000039674.38322.dc.

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Safonov, Sergey, Vladislav Smolentsev, and Yana Smolentseva. "Mobile Processing of Pipeline Assembly Units." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929702008.

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The paper addresses the issues, related to the preparation of pipeline docking elements during the repair and recovery of pipelines in field conditions with a limited scope of technological equipment. It has been shown that the replacement of traditional processing methods by combined types of preparation of replaceable pipeline sections for welding can improve the accuracy of mating elements, preventing the occurrence of burrs at the joint. This enhances the quality of repair, ensures the tightness of pipelines, reduces the cost of operation and the period of pipeline recovery. The application of the electric-contact method of processing assembly units, based on the proposed schemes, makes it possible, without sophistication of mobile servicing means, to timely restore the performance of products, eliminating the causes of emergency situations in construction and during operation of pipelines in hydraulic systems of transport machines, especially when used under operation in high-pressure media.

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Galikeev, R. M., R. R. Taychinov, and S. I. Grachev. "INVESTIGATION OF PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF SLEEVES FROM INTERNAL CORROSION OF WELDING SEWINGS OF INFIELD PIPELINES." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-1-53-56.

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The most vulnerable places of infield pipelines in operating are the welded joints of the pipeline. In order to study the protective effect authors of the article carried out tests on ability of the sleeve to protect welding sewing from corrosion of the welded joint in a corrosive medium.

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Sucipto, Nur Aditia Buana. "DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR CONSTRUCTION IN OIL AND GAS COMPANY BY USING STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND SIX SIGMA." International Journal of Supply Chain, Operation Management and Logistics 3, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijscol.35001.

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Stripe Oil Indonesia operated in Sumatera with a production capacity of 200,000 barrels of oil per day and operated over 530 km of pipelines. Many pipelines have already exceeded their design life with some segments more than 50 years with high potential for leaks that have caused production loss. To extend the operating lifetime of existing pipelines, a pipeline repair project was started in 2019 with sleeve installation. Based on factual data, the project team has experienced a delay in the first 2 months of the project. One of the main contributions to the delay was the welding failure that occurred in January 2019. The welding failure has caused a fire incident due to burn-through in the existing pipeline. The root cause analysis of burn-through incidents has been done with the finding of poor welder performance to meet project requirements. The recommendation is to measure the welder’s performance from heat input data records and analyze the rejection rate and capability index. This research demonstrates how Six Sigma methodology using the DMAIC process and Statistical Quality Control can be applied successfully in pipeline repair projects to address issues of reducing defective welds, improving quality performance, and achieving project milestones. The analysis result showed an improvement in quality performance where the defect rate continued to decline as well as the capability index of the welder continued to improve and completed sleeve installation above the target. The project team also managed to achieve the six sigma level. Improvements also occurred in safety performance which achieved zero incidents due to welding failure (burn-through) from February 2019 to December 2020. In terms of business, actual cost savings achieved 28% from the approved budget.

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Ma, Qiuping, Guiyun Tian, Yanli Zeng, Rui Li, Huadong Song, Zhen Wang, Bin Gao, and Kun Zeng. "Pipeline In-Line Inspection Method, Instrumentation and Data Management." Sensors 21, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113862.

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Pipelines play an important role in the national/international transportation of natural gas, petroleum products, and other energy resources. Pipelines are set up in different environments and consequently suffer various damage challenges, such as environmental electrochemical reaction, welding defects, and external force damage, etc. Defects like metal loss, pitting, and cracks destroy the pipeline’s integrity and cause serious safety issues. This should be prevented before it occurs to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline. In recent years, different non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been developed for in-line pipeline inspection. These are magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, ultrasonic testing (UT), electromagnetic acoustic technology (EMAT), eddy current testing (EC). Single modality or different kinds of integrated NDT system named Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) or un-piggable robotic inspection systems have been developed. Moreover, data management in conjunction with historic data for condition-based pipeline maintenance becomes important as well. In this study, various inspection methods in association with non-destructive testing are investigated. The state of the art of PIGs, un-piggable robots, as well as instrumental applications, are systematically compared. Furthermore, data models and management are utilized for defect quantification, classification, failure prediction and maintenance. Finally, the challenges, problems, and development trends of pipeline inspection as well as data management are derived and discussed.

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Zeinoddini, M., S. Arnavaz, and S. A. Hoseini. "Effects of Repair Weld on Residual Stress Distributions in Offshore Pipelines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.284.

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Subjects related to strength and durability of structures such as oil and gas transmission pipelines areof great importance. Considering the special characteristics of these structures including their construction and harsh working environment, they are especially prone to different types of damages. Repair welding is a viable optiontomitigatesuch damages and for restoration of the strength and resistance of these structures. In this paper, anumerical coupled thermo-mechanical finite element modelling approachis conducted tosimulatethewelding and the repair welding process. The results of the studyshow that repair weldsmay wellhave adverseeffects on the residual stress magnitudeand on its distribution. This might in turnpotentially put the integrity of the pipeline at risk.

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Stupina, A. A., I. A. Panfilov, O. A. Antamoshkin, E. L. Vaitekunene, N. V. Fedorova, and D. V. Eremeev. "Design of an electron beam welding installation based on the existing equipment for connecting pipelines without using a vacuum." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 042011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/4/042011.

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Abstract The article is aimed at solving the problem of connecting pipelines using electron beam welding. During the presented study, the analysis of the object of study - the main oil pipeline was carried out, during which the main shortcomings in the formed welded joints were identified. The authors also analyzed the methods of forming welded joints, which showed the advantages of electron-beam technology. The means of electron beam welding were selected: a generator, an electron beam gun. The electrical characteristics of the installation have been calculated, which make it possible to formulate the requirements for the purchased equipment. As a result, the authors have designed an installation for electron-beam welding of joints of the main pipeline elements, which makes it possible to form welded seams up to 400 mm deep and 1 mm wide.

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Kravcova, E. G., Yu F. Kaizer, V. S. Tynchenko, S. Ch Mongush, S. N. Katargin, and P. Yu Vaitekunaite. "Device for connecting elements of main oil and gas pipelines using electron beam welding." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 042014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/4/042014.

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Abstract The article deals with the problem of connecting pipelines in the oil and gas industry. To improve the quality of welds on the oil pipeline, the article proposes an alternative method of welding and venting the beam into the atmosphere. This method includes a mobile installation for electron beam welding, in which, in manual mode, it is possible to adjust the seam speed, penetration depth, change the trajectory of the weld and the position of the installation relative to the pipe axis. Guns with a plasma cathode, which allow welding products in the atmosphere, are considered. The power of the generators is also calculated, and the generators are selected corresponding to the put forward requirements. In the course of the work, the authors are designing an electron beam welding unit, which in the future is planned to be developed as a mobile one. The mobile installation includes: a generator directing the belt to the pipe, a horizontal displacement motor, a welding positioner, an electron gun with a plasma cathode.

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Liao, Lin Zhi, and Qi Chen. "Development of a Novel Self-Adaptive Contacting Ultrasonic Inspecting System for Welding Belt on Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1322.

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For the requirement of online ultrasonic inspection for welding belt on pipeline, and the influence of its surface contour error (roundness) on stabilization of the clearance between the probe and the work pieces, a novel self-adaptive contacting ultrasonic scanner is advanced, which makes the ultrasonic wave transmit into the rotational part along with the normal direction of the detecting surface so as to realize online ultrasonic flaw-detection on pipelines. Based on those works, a software system is also developed, which realizes the requirement of online ultrasonic flaw detection process. The practical application proves the developed system can promote both the inspection quality and the efficiency of .welding belt on pipeline.

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Musa, M. H. A., Md Abdul Maleque, Mohammad Yeakub Ali, and Muhammad Hasibul Hasan. "Fracture Behavior Issues in HSLA Pipeline Steels - A Review." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.207.

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The increasing demand for natural gas and oil as an important energy sources has led to rising the application of high strength low alloy steels (HSLA), which indicates continued growth of pipeline installations and the qualification of the actual pipeline network. A difficult problem to be solved for the economic and safe operation of high pressure pipelines is the control of ductile fracture propagation. As a result, the accurate estimation of the resistance to fracture and ductile fracture arrest in pressurized pipelines are important issues. Technology to ensure such control is critical for the structural integrity and safety of pipelines because the possibility of a running fracture opens-up lead to the catastrophic long-running failure of a pipeline which involve public safety and property damage and environment impact. The integrity and high reliability of pipelines depend on various factors including mechanical damage or external interference, fatigue cracks, material defects, weld cracks, improper welding, internal or external corrosion and, most of all, on the ageing of the physical state of the pipeline material and the welded joints during their prolonged use. In order to understand the current problems in the pipeline materials and to develop steels with higher strength, better toughness and weldability, this paper gives brief overview of the comprehensive of fracture behavior including crack initiation and propagation of high strength low alloy pipeline steels.

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Czinkota, Sid. "Structural analysis of pipeline stresses created by line lowering." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-109.

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To increase the depth of soil which covers a buried steel pipeline, the line can be lowered without cutting and welding. The degree of curvature in the new profile is the critical factor for controlling the resultant strains. Presented are two methods of calculating the required profile for a line containing high-pressure natural gas. One of the two is selected as being more efficient than the other and is compared with other known methods. Finally, a case history using the new method is presented. Key words: pipelines, gas pipelines, structural analysis, stress analysis, axial stress, axial strain, deflection, curvature, profiles.

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Turner, D. L. "Flash-Butt Welding of Large-Diameter Oil and Gas Pipelines." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231288.

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Interest in developing a high-production automatic joining method for quality offshore pipelines led to full-scale evaluation of the flash-butt welding process. During the past five years, two separate flash-butt welding machines have been used to provide over 1100 welds in 914-mm (36-in.) o.d. pipe for test and evaluation. Increased speed and the quality inherent in a fully automatic welding process were the two major incentives for the development project. It is estimated that flash-butt welding can produce up to 377 joints per day in 914-mm (36-in.) o.d. × 25-mm wall thickness pipe—twice what can be produced by conventional manual (shielded metal arc) welding techniques. This paper describes the flash-butt welding process and plans to install production equipment aboard a semi-submersible laybarge in the near future.

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Khudyakov, Artem, and Pavel Danilkin. "Providing resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking of pipelines welded joints by selection of welding parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912104005.

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Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is one of the most dangerous types of pipelines destruction. Thermal impact of the welding process drives to heterogeneity of the microstructure and properties of the metal, which can lead to cracking of pipeline welded joints. Resistance to SSC of welded joints is determined by the thermal cycle of welding and cooling rate in the temperature range of austenite transformation. Due to performed studies based on simulation of welding heating the recommended range of cooling rates of 10–30 ° C/s was established, in which the resistance to SSC of welded joints is ensured. To calculate the cooling rates in coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) finite-element models of heat distribution were developed for longitudinal multi-electrode submerged arc welding (SAW) and multi-pass girth welding of pipes. Using the developed welding models, it was found that in order to achieve the cooling rate in CGHAZ it is necessary to reduce heat input up to 15-30% during multi-electrode SAW process of longitudinal welds of pipes . For multi-pass girth welding it is necessary to preheat the edges to be welded up to 100-300 °C depending on type of welding (GMAW or SMAW) and pipe wall thickness.

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Iovanas, Daniela Maria, Cosmin Toma, and Radu Iovanas. "Research on the Use of Robotized Tandem MAG Welding in Steel Plates Destined for the Manufacture of Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 1138 (July 2016): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.133.

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The performed research focuses on the complete replacement of the pipeline manufacturing process consisting in welding on SAW+MIG / MAG generators with the robotized Tandem MIG / MAG welding procedure, with low energy consumption.The Tandem MAG procedure was experimented on X52 MS steel plates destined for the manufacture of pipelines, measuring 400x150x12 mm, with Y-joints (30o).The welded joints were executed horizontally and unilaterally, with flux bed support, 3 welding seams, using for filler material two wires of the same quality, EN ISO 14341: G 42 4 M G3Si1 (Filcord C), measuring 1.2 mm in diameter, and shielding gas EN ISO 14175 (CORGON 18).The entire technological welding process was carried out in fully robotized, laboratory conditions, using the QIROX -315 welding robot, fitted with Tandem MIG/MAG welding equipment, type QUINTO-GLC 603.The welding seams were executed with the same Tandem MAG welding head, with two wires, taking advantage of the possibility to rotate the welding head so as to obtain welding seams with the wires either positioned one after the other (tandem), or transversally (perpendicular to the welding direction), obtaining, by correlation with the welding speed, optimal linear energies, implicitly, seams of various widths and penetrations.The results of the tests concerning the characterization of the obtained welded joints corresponded to the mechanical – metallographic tests, falling within the ranges provided by the applicable standards.The welding parameters used in the robotized Tandem MAG procedure may lead to remarkable advantages concerning the use of energy and filler metal. Thus, linear energies are about 40% - 45% smaller than in the case of the classical SAW+MIG / MAG process, with positive effects on the mechanical and metallographic characteristics of the welded joints, leading to significant reductions in energy consumption. Furthermore, the use of filler materials (wire, shielding gas) decreases by 10% - 15% as compared to the classical SAW+MIG / MAG process, leading, implicitly, to lower costs.As a consequence of the obtained results, MAG Tandem welding procedure may become an alternative to SAW submerged arc welding and combined SAW and MIG / MAG welding and a classical reference method for the manufacture of pipelines

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Birsan, Dan Catalin, Elena Scutelnicu, and Daniel Visan. "Modeling of Heat Transfer in Pipeline Steel Joint Performed by Submerged Double-Arc Welding Procedure." Advanced Materials Research 814 (September 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.33.

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Submerged arc welding is the most applicable and productive procedure when thick sections have to be welded. Nevertheless, the manufacturers of pressure vessels, pipelines, ships and offshore structures keep on looking for new and modern design solutions of equipments and technologies which should lead to increase of welding process productivity. For instance, the longitudinal welds of pipelines are, mostly, performed by submerged arc welding procedure with multiple arcs and/or multi-wires, such as twin, tandem or twin-tandem, in order to increase the process productivity. However, achievement of optimal mechanical properties of the welded joint should remain the most important quality criteria. It is well known that dependence of the mechanical and metallurgical changes on heat transfer plays a major role in obtaining of safe welded structures and preserving of their structural integrity. That is why the investigation of heat transfer induced by the welding process is required. Furthermore, setting of distance between thermal sources and its influence on the overlapping phenomenon of temperature fields should be explored when submerged double-arc welding procedure is applied. Three dimensional finite element model of butt welded joint - used for simulation of heat transfer in pipeline steel joint performed by submerged double-arc welding process - is developed and described in this paper. Numerical results and a comparative analysis related to the temperature distribution, thermal history, and temperature variation in cross section of the welded joint at different time steps are discussed. Finally, important conclusions regarding the influence of distance between thermal sources on thermal effects and temperature fields overlapping are drawn.

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Ponomareva, I. N. "Residual welding stresses in multipass welding of circumferential joints in pipelines." Welding International 24, no. 8 (August 2010): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507111003655549.

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Gorshkova, O. О. "WELDING OF MAIN OIL AND GAS PIPELINES." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 2 2020 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.37906.

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Miranda, R. M., L. Quintino, S. Williams, and D. Yapp. "Welding with High Power Fiber Laser API5L-X100 Pipeline Steel." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.592.

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The increasing length of oil and gas transportation pipelines, associated with their construction and operating costs, has lead to the development of new steel grades with higher performance. The API 5L- X100 is a new high strength steel for pipeline applications which enables the use of thinner walled pipes, lighter to transport and easier to handle on site, allowing greater operating pressures and reducing overall costs. However, this steel grade has limited ductility. Since advantages largely surpass disadvantages, these materials are being seen adequate for earthquake risk areas and low temperature environment as in the Arctic region. X100 grade is already used in northern Canada and is planed for Japan Sub Sea. Automatic metal arc welding on site is the most common method of welding onshore pipelines in steel grades X65, X70 and X80. The use of high strength steels requires the development of new welding procedures with narrow specifications and the X100 steel has limited weldability. Research is needed to develop appropriate welding procedures, avoiding typical metallurgical problems like cold cracking and toughness reduction in the weld area and to achieve high productivity and economical feasibility. This paper presents results on API X100 steel grade welded by high power fiber lasers. Since these lasers are quite new in the market, an analysis of the laser source, as well as the beam/material interaction is made. The welds produced were investigated for both macro- and microstructural analysis and mechanical properties, contributing to a better understanding of the transformations induced in this material by the thermal cycle associated with laser welding.

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Jameel, Atheer M., Bahjat B. Kadhim, and Fadhil K. Farhan. "Tribological Characteristics Near Welding Limit for Petroleum Metal Pipelines." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 32, no. 4 (November 20, 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v32i4.1025.

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Welding process is one of the most widely applied processes in the industry. This is due to the ease of the process and it's a quantitative process. The addition of metallic powders to the welding area has not been widely emphasized as a solution to amelioration the tribology characteristic of the welding area therefore the effect of adding metallic powders (SnS nanoparticles) to the welding area on tribology properties was studied. This effect was studied at the values of coefficient of friction, coefficient of wear and wear rate by using the ring – on – disc sliding wear test equipment was used to study the tribological behavior of low carbon steel (A 106 grade B) as pure, 6010 welded and SnS- 6010 welded) under changing loads with constant velocity and in one hour for each run the dry condition at ambient temperature. The results show the coefficient of friction, coefficient of wear and wear rate increased with up load.

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Toma, Cosmin, Radu Iovanas, and Daniela Maria Iovanas. "Research Regarding the Manufacture of Pipelines through Automatic Tandem MAG Welding on Generators." Advanced Materials Research 1029 (September 2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1029.100.

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The manufacture of pipelines is a complex technological process starting with laminates supply, joints cutting-processing, rolling, welding, calibration, control, packing, delivery. As a rule, the technological welding process is achieved by welding on generators through MAG and submerged arc welding, procedures which generally take place completely automatically, affecting the quality and cost of products. Beside a series of advantages, submerged arc welding also has disadvantages; it does not eliminate the operator’s intervention and implies some high linear energies with implications on the mechanical-metallurgical characteristics of the welded joints. In this paper we present the preliminary results of the experiments which have been carried out on welded joints on X52 steel plate, g = 12 mm, through classical MAG welding, with one wire - filler material on the first layer, and the filling beads through tandem MAG welding, with two wires. We should mention that the plates had a V(30°) joint and the welding was executed unilaterally, horizontally, the wire - filler material being of the same quality G42 4 M G3 SI1 ( EN ISO 14341) and diameter (1.2 mm), and EN ISO 14175 protection gas. The entire technological welding process was carried out in laboratory conditions, fully robotized, using a QIROX-315 welding robot fitted with QUINTO-GLC 603-type tandem MAG welding installations, owned by ICDT-PRO-DD C12 “Advanced welding eco-technologies”, belonging to Transylvania University of Braşov.

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Lobanov, L. M., N. M. Makhlin, V. E. Vodolazsky, V. E. Popov, and D. S. Oliyanenko. "Modernization of heads of automatic welding machines for orbital tig-welding of pipelines of NPP power units." Paton Welding Journal 2019, no. 12 (December 28, 2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2019.12.05.

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Alian, Ahmed R., Mostafa Shazly, and Mohammad M. Megahed. "Finite Element Simulation of In-Service Sleeve Repair Welding of Gas Pipelines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.957.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of welding sequence on the risk of burn-through, cold cracking and residual stresses during in-service sleeve repair welding of gas pipelines. Based on ABAQUS software, axisymmetric finite e1ement models were conducted to calculate transient temperature distributions and resulting residual stress field after multi-pass sleeve fillet welding of in-service API 5L-X65 36” Schedule pipes. Influence of welding sequence was investigated by comparing residual stresses and transient deformations for sequential welding; in which welding of the two circumferential pipe/sleeve fillet welds was made in sequence, to the case of performing the two welds at the same time. Sequential welding was found to reduce weld zone distortion and residual stresses due to the sleeve freedom to expand axially while conducting the first fillet weld. The upper limit of heat input was found to generate higher pipe wall peak temperature, but not to the extent of initiating pipe wall melt through.

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Покровский, Алексей Михайлович, and Егор Игоревич Дубовицкий. "Improvement of methodology for calculating residual welding stresses in weld zone of main pipelines." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2022-12-1-48-56.

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Магистральные трубопроводы свариваются в стык из отдельных труб. При этом в окрестности сварного шва возникают значительные остаточные сварочные напряжения, которые могут превосходить эксплуатационные напряжения. Соответственно, адекватный расчет на прочность и живучесть трубопроводов возможен только с учетом указанных остаточных напряжений. При этом решение задачи вычисления остаточных сварочных напряжений в упругопластической постановке без учета деформаций ползучести приводит к существенно завышенным результатам расчета. Целью настоящей работы является создание математической модели, позволяющей определить остаточные сварочные напряжения с учетом деформаций ползучести. Для этого методом конечных разностей решена нелинейная нестационарная задача теплопроводности с использованием граничных условий третьего рода. Моделирование кинетики превращения аустенита в феррито-перлит и бейнит в неизотермических условиях сварки проведено на основании теории изокинетических реакций. Расчет остаточных сварочных напряжений осуществлен посредством решения методом конечных элементов задачи термоупруговязкопластичности для материала с нестационарной структурой. Для получения уравнений состояния при пластичности и ползучести проведены экспериментальные исследования на пластичность и ползучесть трубной стали. Разработанные программные средства позволили рассчитать остаточные сварочные напряжения в реальном магистральном трубопроводе. Представленная авторами усовершенствованная методика расчета остаточных сварочных напряжений позволит более точно определять остаточный ресурс магистральных трубопроводов в окрестности поперечного сварного шва. Main pipelines are butt welded from separate pipes. In this case, significant residual welding stresses arise near the weld, the value of which can exceed the operational stresses. Therefore, an adequate calculation of the strength and survivability of main pipelines is possible only taking into account these residual stresses. At the same time, solving the problem of calculating residual welding stresses in an elastic-plastic formulation without taking into account creep deformations leads to significantly overestimated calculation results. Consequently, the topic of the article is relevant, since it is devoted to the improvement of the method for calculating residual welding stresses in butt-welding of main pipelines, taking into account creep deformations. To solve the problem posed, the authors carried out the solution of a nonlinear nonstationary problem by the finite difference method using boundary conditions of the third kind. Modeling of the kinetics of transformation of austenite into ferrite-pearlite and bainite under non-isothermal conditions during welding was carried out on the basis of the theory of isokinetic reactions. The calculation of residual welding stresses was carried out by solving the problem of thermoelasto-viscoplasticity for a material with a non-stationary structure by the finite element method. To obtain the equations of state for plasticity and creep, the authors carried out experimental studies on the plasticity and creep for pipe steel. The developed software made it possible to calculate the residual welding stresses in a real main pipeline. The study showed that the use of an elastoplastic medium in the calculation of the model significantly overestimates the results of calculating the residual welding stresses in comparison with the use of the elastic-viscoplastic medium model. The improved method of calculating residual welding stresses presented by the authors will make it possible to more accurately determine the residual life of the main pipelines in the vicinity of the transverse weld.

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Liu, Jianping, Hong Zhang, Shengsi Wu, Xianbin Zheng, Dong Zhang, and Xiaoben Liu. "Ultimate Axial Load Prediction Model for X65 Pipeline with Cracked Welding Joint Based on the Failure Assessment Diagram Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 11780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411780.

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Crack defects in the girth welds of pipelines have become an important factor affecting the safe operation of in-service oil pipelines. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the factors affecting the safe operation of pipelines and determine the ultimate load during pipeline operation. Based on the failure assessment diagram (FAD) method described in the BS 7910 standard, the key factors affecting the evaluation results of the suitability of X65 pipeline girth welds are analyzed, and the effects of crack size, pipe geometry, and material properties on the evaluation results are investigated. The results indicate that the crack depth is more crucial to the safe operation of the pipeline than the crack length. While the effect of wall thickness is not significant, the misalignment can seriously aggravate the stress concentration. In general, the higher the yield ratio and tensile strength of the pipe material, the more dangerous the condition at the weld. The ultimate axial load that a crack-containing girth weld can withstand under different combinations of the above factors was determined. Furthermore, a data driven model via the optimized support vector regression method for the ultimate axial load of the X65 pipe was developed for engineering application, and the comparison results between the FEM results and the predicted results proved its accuracy and reliability.

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Foidaş, Ion, and Florin Marius Bîrsan. "Comparative Analysis of Natural Gas Pipeline Interconnections." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134309005.

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The paper shows a comparison between two intervention methods for interconnecting two gas transmission pipelines within a natural gas transmission system. One intervention implies shutdown of pipelines, while the other one in-service pipelines. Each method is described in detail along with the main technological issues, as well as the related advantages and disadvantages. The technological procedures imply special working techniques such as welding or hot tapping in service pipelines.

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Zhou, Xin, Zhen Huan Wu, and Guoan Yang. "The Vibration Analysis and Improvements of Nitrogen Reciprocating Compressor and Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.999.

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Excessive vibration was observed from nitrogen reciprocating compressor buffer tanks and pipelines since the operation of this unit started in a coal chemical plant. Welding points had been frequently cracked on bolt buffer tanks, pipelines and bolts, which often led to a delivery failure of coal for subsequent reaction, causing great economic losses. In order to identify the root cause of vibration, a comprehensive analysis on the reciprocating compressor and pipeline system was conducted. The vibration has been kept within an acceptable range after the adjustment. The total production in the factory has been increased with effectively controlled cost and energy consumption. The probability of production system shutdown and accident is also significantly reduced.

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Zhou, Baifan, Tim Pychynski, Markus Reischl, Evgeny Kharlamov, and Ralf Mikut. "Machine learning with domain knowledge for predictive quality monitoring in resistance spot welding." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 33, no. 4 (March 2, 2022): 1139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01892-y.

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AbstractDigitalisation trends of Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things led to an unprecedented growth of manufacturing data. This opens new horizons for data-driven methods, such as Machine Learning (ML), in monitoring of manufacturing processes. In this work, we propose ML pipelines for quality monitoring in Resistance Spot Welding. Previous approaches mostly focused on estimating quality of welding based on data collected from laboratory or experimental settings. Then, they mostly treated welding operations as independent events while welding is a continuous process with a systematic dynamics and production cycles caused by maintenance. Besides, model interpretation based on engineering know-how, which is an important and common practice in manufacturing industry, has mostly been ignored. In this work, we address these three issues by developing a novel feature-engineering based ML approach. Our method was developed on top of real production data. It allows to analyse sequences of welding instances collected from running manufacturing lines. By capturing dependencies across sequences of welding instances, our method allows to predict quality of upcoming welding operations before they happen. Furthermore, in our work we strive to combine the view of engineering and data science by discussing characteristics of welding data that have been little discussed in the literature, by designing sophisticated feature engineering strategies with support of domain knowledge, and by interpreting the results of ML analysis intensively to provide insights for engineering. We developed 12 ML pipelines in two dimensions: settings of feature engineering and ML methods, where we considered 4 feature settings and 3 ML methods (linear regression, multi-layer perception and support vector regression). We extensively evaluated our ML pipelines on data from two running industrial production lines of 27 welding machines with promising results.

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Choi, Yeol, Yun Hee Lee, Jae Il Jang, Sang Ki Park, Kwang Ho Kim, Yang Won Seo, and Dong Il Kwon. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Welding Residual Stress in Power Plant Facilities Using Instrumented Indentation Technique." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2122.

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The weld joints in power-plant pipelines have long been considered important sites for safety and reliability assessment. In particular, the residual stress in pipeline weldments induced by the welding process must be evaluated accurately before and during service. This study reports an indentation technique for evaluating welding residual stress nondestructively. Indentation load-depth curves were found to shift with the magnitude and direction of the residual stress. Nevertheless, contact depths in the stress-free and stressed states were constant at a specific indentation load. This means that residual stress induces additional load to keep contact depth constant at the same load. By taking these phenomena into account, welding residual stress was obtained directly from the indentation load-depth curve. In addition, the results were compared with values from the conventional hole-drilling and saw-cutting methods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pipelines Welding'

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