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Journal articles on the topic 'Pipeline engineering'
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1
Zhvan, V., V. Donenko, S. Kulish, and A. Taran. "ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENGINEERING NETWORK METHODS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-7-11.
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The article is devoted to the effective analysis of trench and trenchless pipeline laying technologies. In the course of the work, an analytical review of pipeline assembly was performed, the main technological parameters, the scope of each method, and their advantages and disadvantages were determined. List of considered pipeline laying methods: trenching, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic puncture, microtunneling and punching. The article analyzes the classical trench method and the most widely used trenchless ones: horizontal directional drilling; mechanical puncture; hydraulic puncture; microtunneling; punching. Each of these methods has several advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the optimal method of laying the pipeline depends on many factors: the physical and mechanical properties of soils and hydrogeological conditions, the length and diameter of the pipeline, the presence of other communications, buildings and structures, as well as the budget that customers have. Work time is the last deciding factor. Based on the results of the analysis of pipeline laying technologies and expert survey of construction industry experts, the cost table of each method was compiled, outlining the main characteristics of the technology: length of pipeline, speed of work, scope, cost, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered methods. The conclusions about the use of each of the pipeline laying methods were made. Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, so to choose the method of work it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of technological parameters, cost, scope and timing of work. The cost of lay-ing the pipeline consists of the following factors: conducting research; selection of diameter and determination of pipeline length; choice of laying method and equipment necessary for the works; selection of equipment, shut-off and control equipment and other materials arranged on the pipeline; terms of performance of works. Taking into account these factors, an estimate is made, which determines the cost of installation of a particular pipeline. After the analysis, we can conclude that among the methods of trenchless laying of pipelines can be identi-fied horizontally directional drilling, it is this method of laying the pipeline will be appropriate to use for our region. The drilling technique allows to carry out pipelines under obstacles, to pull long segments of networks, to repair site damage. This method is universal and can be used in almost any environment. Keywords: trenches, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic piercing, microtunnelling, punching, pipeline.
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Krasovskaya, Oksana Aleksandrovna, Vadim Evgenievich Vyaznikov, and Alexey Eduardovich Chigir. "Designing trenchless technologies in oil and gas engineering." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012174.
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Abstract The article deals with the design of trenchless technologies for the restoration of pipelines in oil and gas engineering, taking into account the state of existing pipelines, the need for installing polyethylene pipes, and their strength and hydraulic parameters. Taking into account the high cost and timing of pipeline construction by the open method, the annual rate of aging of pipeline systems, the issue of construction, reconstruction and replacement of emergency pipelines can be solved only by using trenchless technologies, which will reduce direct and indirect financial and time costs. The term “trenchless technologies” can be defined as any method of trenchless installation and restoration of a pipeline with a description of the regulated sequence of operations performed using special equipment, instruments, materials, and human resources. Along with efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the trenchless technologies do not to deteriorate the existing environmental situation
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Zhao, Xiao Dong, Guang Feng Xi, and Jie Yang. "Application of Corrosion Detection and Repair Technology of Long-Distance Pipeline in Material Application Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.211.
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As special equipment, long-distance pipeline is widely used in petroleum, chemistry and other fields. However, with the extension of its running time, some problems have arisen with parts of the pipeline. The detection and repair technology is the foundation for assurance of the safe operation of pipelines; therefore, in order to avoid or reduce pipeline accidents as well as to protect people's lives and property safety, periodic detection and designed reasonable repair of the pipeline has naturally become an important part of pipeline industry today. Several commonly used inspection techniques of pipeline were introduced in this paper and related repair measures were described in view of problems emerging during the service life of long-distance pipeline in the practical engineering.
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Liu, Jieying, Lingxiao Li, Tianjiao Hou, Xinguo Wu, and Qiao Zhou. "Study on Security Angle of Gas Pipeline Elbow Based on Stress Analysis Method." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010133.
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The gas pipelines usually undergo complicated and changeable regional environment. As the level of the potential difference or pipeline’s route changes in the space and therefore elastic bending cannot meet the needs when pipe changes its direction, we generally use pipe bend to connect two pipelines with different spatial extend direction during the pipe laying period, and it can reduce the temperature stress. Unreasonable design of elbow will lead to pipeline damage. We established mountain area pipeline model, and conducted analysis on pipeline stress under different elbow angles. Research shows that different angles of the bends suffer different operation stress, and we have come to the conclusion that the angle of pipe bends should not be within the range of 15 degrees to 35 degrees.
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Ortloff, Charles R. "Hydraulic Engineering at 100 BC-AD 300 Nabataean Petra (Jordan)." Water 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 3498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123498.
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The principal water supply and distribution systems of the World Heritage site of Petra in Jordan were analyzed to bring forward water engineering details not previously known in the archaeological literature. The three main water supply pipeline systems sourced by springs and reservoirs (the Siq, Ain Braq, and Wadi Mataha pipeline systems) were analyzed for their different pipeline design philosophies that reflect different geophysical landscape challenges to provide water supplies to different parts of urban Petra. The Siq pipeline system’s unique technical design reflects use of partial flow in consecutives sections of the main pipeline to support partial critical flow in each section that reduce pipeline leakage and produce the maximum flow rate the Siq pipeline can transport. An Ain Braq pipeline branch demonstrated a new hydraulic engineering discovery not previously reported in the literature in the form of an offshoot pipeline segment leading to a water collection basin adjacent to and connected to the main water supply line. This design eliminates upstream water surges arising from downstream flow instabilities in the two steep pipelines leading to a residential sector of Petra. The Wadi Mataha pipeline system is constructed at the critical angle to support the maximum flow rate from a reservoir. The analyses presented for these water supply and distribution systems brought forward aspects of the Petra urban water supply system not previously known, revising our understanding of Nabataean water engineers’ engineering knowledge.
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Nian, Si Cheng, Han Xu Sun, Yan Heng Zhang, and Wei Chen. "A New Design of Pipe Robot with Mechanical Properties in Mechanical Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 644 (January 2013): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.644.230.
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A new squirming robot is designed to clean up crystal substance in chemical pipelines. The robot uses a ball screw and a motor as its driven unit, Its mechanical properties is efficiently in the pipeline. One of its advantages is its strong driven force, which is proved by theoretical analysis. The robot can clean the pipeline by some tools at the front. Through theoretical analysis, the mechanical structure can solve the pipeline environmental effects on mechanical properties
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Karamitros, Dimitris K., Christos Zoupantis, and George D. Bouckovalas. "Buried pipelines with bends: analytical verification against permanent ground displacements." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 11 (November 2016): 1782–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0060.
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Available analytical methodologies for the stress analysis of buried pipelines against large permanent ground displacements (PGDs) apply only to straight pipeline segments. Hence, a new methodology is proposed herein for the analytical computation of pipeline strains in bends of arbitrary angle and radius of curvature, located outside the PGD high-curvature zone, but within the pipeline’s unanchored length. The methodology is based on the equivalent-linear analysis of the bend, assuming that it will perform as an elastic arched beam subjected to uniformly distributed ultimate axial and transverse horizontal soil reactions. The end of the bend towards the PGD zone is subjected to an axial displacement, calculated on the basis of overall displacement compatibility along the pipeline, while the other end is restrained by the unanchored pipeline segment beyond the bend. Using this approach, the maximum axial force at the vicinity of the PGD zone can also be calculated and consequently used for the estimation of corresponding pipeline strains with any of the available numerical or analytical methodologies for straight pipeline segments. Parametric nonlinear finite element analyses are performed to verify the analytical methodology and also derive conclusions of practical interest regarding the effect of bends on pipeline design.
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Li, Xia, Huang Kun, Hong Fang Lu, and Wen Ting Yang. "Stress Analysis of Suspended Gas Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1359.
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Under the effect of geologic hazard, soil horizon under gas pipeline tends to subside or runoff, which may result in pipeline hanging in the air with uneven distribution of stress and consequently lead to pipe failure. In view of pipeline suspension resulted from geologic hazard and taking pipeline XX as example, software CAESAR II is used to analyze the stress of suspended pipelines with different length combined with practical and existing analysis calculation model. The critical length of suspended pipeline is obtained on the basis of the software analysis. The results with certain engineering value can provide reliable theoretical basis for practical engineering.
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Lukács, János, Gyula Nagy, and Imre Török. "The Role of the External and Internal Reinforcing on the Structural Integrity of Industrial and Transporting Steel Pipelines." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.55.
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The lifetime management of different engineering structures and structural elements is one of the important technical-economic problems nowadays. On the one hand, the aim of our research work is to develop an integrity management plan for pipelines and pipeline systems, and afterwards a Pipeline Integrity Management System. Material databases play important role both on the integrity management and on the engineering critical assessment of the pipeline systems. On the other hand, the aim of our research work is to establish the Pipeline Integrity Management System with different data, frequently with experimental data. The direct purpose of the paper is to present the role of the external and internal reinforcing on the structural integrity of industrial and transporting steel pipelines, based on own examinations. External and internal reinforcement was developed using carbon fibre and glass fibre polymer matrix composites, respectively. Fatigue and burst tests were performed on pipeline sections containing natural and artificial metal loss defects, and girth welds including weld defects. Both unreinforced and reinforced pipeline sections were examined. The burst pressures belonging to the unreinforced and the reinforced pipelines, and belonging to the passed and not passed girth welds were compared.
10
Seth, Debtanu, Bappaditya Manna, Jagdish Telangrao Shahu, Tiago Fazeres-Ferradosa, Francisco Taveira Pinto, and Paulo Jorge Rosa-Santos. "Buckling Mechanism of Offshore Pipelines: A State of the Art." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101074.
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The buckling analysis of an offshore pipeline refers to the analysis of temperature-induced uplift and lateral buckling of pipelines by analytical, numerical, and experimental means. Thus, the current study discusses different research performed on thermal pipe-buckling and the different factors affecting the pipeline’s buckling behaviour. The current study consists of the dependency of the pipe-buckling direction on the seabed features and burial condition; the pre-buckling and post-buckling load-displacement behaviour of the pipeline; the effect of soil weight, burial depth, axial resistance, imperfection amplitude, temperature difference, interface tensile capacity, and diameter-to-thickness ratio on the uplift and lateral resistance; and the failure mechanism of the pipeline. Moreover, the effect of external hydrostatic pressure, bending moment, initial imperfection, sectional rigidity, and diameter-to-thickness ratio of the pipeline on collapse load of the pipeline during buckling were also included in the study. This work highlights the existing knowledge on the topic along with the main findings performed up to recent research. In addition, the reference literature on the topic is given and analysed to contribute to a broad perspective on buckling analysis of offshore pipelines. This work provides a starting point to identify further innovation and development guidelines for professionals and researchers dealing with offshore pipelines, which are key infrastructures for numerous maritime applications.
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Arya, Adarsh Kumar. "Optimal operation of a multi-distribution natural gas pipeline grid: an ant colony approach." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 10 (August 25, 2021): 3859–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01266-3.
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AbstractThe enormous cost of transporting oil and gas through pipelines and the operational benefits that the industry receives through optimization has incited analysts for decades to find optimization strategies that help pipeline managers operate pipeline grids with the least expense. The paper aims to minimize the pipeline grids' operating costs using an ant colony optimization strategy. The article constructs a multi-objective modeling framework for a natural gas pipeline grid based on data from the French gas pipeline network corporation 'Gaz De France,' using pipeline and compressor hydraulics. The gas pipeline grid comprises seven gas supply nodes and nineteen gas distribution centers. Seven compressor stations provided at various locations on the pipeline route raise the gas pressure. Two competing objectives of reducing fuel usage in compressors and increasing throughput at distribution centers are acknowledged to reduce the pipeline's operating cost. The 'multi-objective ant colony optimization (MOACO)' approach is implemented to the pipeline transportation model to reduce the natural gas pipeline grid's operating cost. The process variables include the amount of gas flowing through the pipe and the pressure at pipe nodes. This method provides the optimum solution for each fuel consumption level on each compressor, and it does so by producing a Pareto front for each of the nineteen gas distribution points. The blueprints of the methodology used and the findings collected intend to guide pipeline managers and select the best of the most preferred solutions.
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Uspeneva, Marina G., and Andrej M. Astapov. "APPLICATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC WORKS FOR SURVEYING OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-50-63.
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During the construction of oil and gas pipelines, a complex of engineering and geodetic works is necessary to ensure the geometric parameters of the designed routes during their laying. Therefore, the development of new methods for performing engineering and geodetic works for tracing linear structures using modern instruments is an urgent task. The purpose of this research is to analyze the modern methodology for the implementation of engineering and geodetic works for surveying and construction of the gas pipeline. The object of surveying is the route of the main gas pipeline «Aikhal-Udachny». The approbation of the methodology for performing engineering and geodetic works surveying for the «Aikhal-Udachny» gas pipeline was carried out and an analysis of the results was given.
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Xu, Qian, Wenchao Zhang, Cheng Chen, Jun Lu, and Peng Tang. "Study on Settlement Influence of Newly Excavated Tunnel Undercrossing Large Diameter Pipeline." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5700377.
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With the rapid development of tunnel construction, there will be an increasing number of engineering cases about undercrossing existing pipelines. During the undercrossing process, the settlement control of existing pipelines is relatively strict. If the construction is not handled properly, the existing pipelines will cause a larger settlement, which will affect their normal use. This paper takes an existing pipeline project in Nanjing as the research object and uses numerical simulation to explore the influence of different excavation sequences and grouting reinforcement scopes on the existing pipelines above the newly built tunnels when using shallow tunnel excavation. The results show that the sections are constructed first on both sides of the construction, and the middle section is constructed subsequently, which not only increases the excavation speed but also the pipeline deformation is smaller, especially in controlling the differential settlement on both sides of the pipeline. By studying the relationship between the grouting reinforcement range and the vertical distance from the newly built tunnel to the existing pipeline, it is found that the soil engineering effect within 0.3 d above the arch line is more reasonable, and the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified through actual monitoring data. This research can provide a reference for similar projects in the future.
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Monahan, Bernard, and Jack Bambury. "Pipeline Engineering and Practice: Installing a Steam Pipeline." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 8, no. 2 (May 2017): 05016004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000256.
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Rusin, Andrzej, Katarzyna Stolecka-Antczak, Krzysztof Kapusta, Krzysztof Rogoziński, and Krzysztof Rusin. "Analysis of the Effects of Failure of a Gas Pipeline Caused by a Mechanical Damage." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 7686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227686.
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Natural gas continues to be one of the basic energy sources used as fuel in the power sector, in industries and in households. The potential and attractiveness of this fuel is gaining special significance in the current energy transitions from coal-based power engineering to power generation based on renewable energy sources. Natural gas is supplied to consumers mainly through a network of pipelines, which ensures a relatively high reliability of the supply. Still, failures occur due to the corrosion of pipeline walls, material defects or human errors, which can result in uncontrolled release of gas. The released gas can trigger dangerous phenomena, such as fires and explosions. This paper presents an analysis of the causes and effects of damage to a medium-pressure pipeline caused by earthworks carried out within an area where a pipeline is located. Holes in the pipeline due to the impact of an excavator bucket are analysed. The impact of the excavator bucket may cause a rupture equal to 50% of the pipeline’s cross-sectional area. Hazard zones related to fires and explosions due to the released natural gas are presented. For the analysed pipeline with a diameter of 0.5 m and a gas pressure of 5 MPa, the range of hazard zones arising due to pipeline damage caused by an excavator bucket can reach about 200 m.
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Wei, Xiaolong, Wenshuai Jiao, Xi Zeng, Danfu Zhang, and Guofeng Du. "Mechanical Behavior of Buried Pipelines Subjected to Faults." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 22, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9984519.
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The length of buried pipelines usually extends thousands of meters or more in engineering, and it is difficult to carry out full-scale tests in the laboratory. Therefore, considering the seriousness of pipeline damage and the difficulty of operating tests and other test limitations, it is necessary to develop a reasonable method to simplify the length of the model for a practical lab test. In this research, an equivalent spring model was established to simulate the small deformation section of the pipeline far away from the fault and the effect of fault displacements, pipeline diameters, wall thicknesses, buried depths, soil materials, and spring constraints on the mechanical properties of pipelines was analyzed. Based on the finite element model using ABAQUS software, the results of the shell model with fixed boundary at both ends were compared; in addition, the dynamic effect of pipelines was investigated. The results show that the two-end spring device can better control the size of the test model and enhance the reliability of the test results. The vibration response of the pipeline mainly depends on the inconsistent movement of soil at both ends of the fault. The analysis results show that choosing a larger pipeline diameter, smaller buried depth, noncohesive backfill soil, and spring with a smaller elastic coefficient is beneficial to reduce pipeline strain and resist pipeline deformation. A simplified formula of the axial compressive strain of buried pipelines across oblique-slip fault is obtained.
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Yang, Run Lin, Jie Kong, and Juan Hua Zhou. "Study on Influencing Factors of Tunnel in Seismic Performance of Adjacent Underground Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1823.
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The existing tunnels may have an influence on seismic performance of adjacent underground pipelines. However, most of previous relevant studies are separately focused on seismic performance of the pipeline or the tunnel. In this paper, the major influencing factors of the existing tunnel in the seismic performance of adjacent underground pipelines, including joint types of the pipeline, the different angles and the distances between the pipeline and tunnel, were discussed. Numerical results show that flexible joint is the important factor which is helpful to decrease the settlement difference and the axial stress of the pipeline. Meanwhile, the relative position between the pipeline and the tunnel may also have a significant influence on seismic performance of pipelines.
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Quan, Lingxiao, Bingjiang Sun, Jinsong Zhao, and Dong Li. "Frequency Response Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction Vibration in Aircraft Bending Hydraulic Pipe." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 3 (June 2018): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183630487.
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For the aviation bending pipe, the fluid-structure interaction 14-equation model is established, and the Laplace transform is used to solve the problem in the frequency domain. For the pipeline with a single elbow, the influence of bending parameters on the frequency response of the pipeline in the frequency domain is analyzed by using the 14-equation. At the same time, for pipelines containing two elbows, we analyze the influence of bending parameters on the natural frequency of the pipeline in different spans. In the end, the accuracy of the simulation is verified by the modal knocking test. Through the above analysis, we reach the following conclusion:the bending angle of the pipeline is greatly influenced by inherent characteristics, the smaller the bending angle, the higher the pipeline’s inherent frequency domain. However, the effect of bending radius will cause the change in length. Usually, the increase of bending radius leads to pipe length increasing, resulting in its inherent frequency decreasing.
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Zhang, Peng, Yihuan Wang, and Guojin Qin. "A Novel Method to Assess Safety of Buried Pressure Pipelines under Non-Random Process Seismic Excitation based on Cloud Model." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040812.
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It is necessary to conduct a safety assessment for pipelines which are regarded as important lifeline projects after an earthquake. Since the random process of loading in earthquake engineering requires a large amount of samples, this paper establishes a non-random vibration method based on convex model theory and applies it to small sample engineering. Moreover, a space–time analytical model of buried pipeline and a finite element model are established to solve the dynamic response of pipelines with non-random process seismic excitation. Furthermore, the randomness of the stress values of the pipeline subjected to earthquake and the fuzziness of the degree of damage to pipelines are considered. Therefore, a novel method for assessing damage to pipelines is proposed based on cloud model. The results indicate that an analysis of non-random vibration combined with the cloud inference method can solve the fuzziness and randomness of the quantitative description and qualitative concept conversion for damage evaluation of pipelines. The method is also an adaptive and effective assessment method for pipelines exposed to earthquake and is able to promote safety management of pipeline engineering.
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Mohitpour, M., C. L. Pierce, and R. Hooper. "The Design and Engineering of Cross-Country Hydrogen Pipelines." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 110, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231383.
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Design of cross-country hydrogen pipelines is still uncommon. No industry-accepted codes and standards have been developed to guide the engineering and design of such facilities. A hydrogen pipeline was required to connect a hydrogen purification plant to an anhydrous ammonia production facility. Since no pipeline standards were available, special considerations were required during the design and engineering stages. The small molecular size and reactivity of hydrogen presented unique problems. So do the hydrogen embrittlement/attack/delayed failure phenomena, inverse Joule-Thomson effects and special concerns for commissioning, operation and maintenance. This paper will review world experience, the research, economics, design and safety considerations for hydrogen gas pipelines, as well as the engineering, design and construction methods which were considered necessary by Novacorp International Consulting Inc. for successful completion of the project.
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Li, Xinggao, Ting Wang, and Yi Yang. "An Investigation into the Tunnel-Soil-Pipeline Interaction by In Situ Measured Settlements of the Pipelines." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8850380.
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Response of buried pipeline to tunnelling is of great concern in the subway construction. It is of paramount importance but difficult to estimate the influence of tunnelling on adjacent pipelines because of the complex tunnel-soil-pipeline interaction. The technique of in situ measured settlements of buried pipelines remains the standard approach for understanding this interaction and addressing the issue. The Huangzhuang station of the Beijing Subway is located in a densely populated area, with many buried pipelines in the close proximity; the shallow tunnelling method of pile-beam-arch (PBA method) was used to excavate the station tunnels; the shallow tunnelling of the station tunnels inevitably causes settlements of the ground surface and the buried pipelines. Direct monitoring of the pipelines by digging holes from the ground surface was performed during the station tunnel construction. In situ measured settlements of the ground surface and the buried pipelines caused by the subway construction were obtained. It is observed from the obtained results that the pipeline settlement development can be divided into four stages that are associated with different construction periods of the PBA method. Sharp increases in the pipeline settlement occurred in the specific stages (stages 2 and 4). It is concluded from comparisons between the pipeline settlement and the ground surface settlement that separation between steel or cast iron pipelines and the soil beneath occurs due to the tunnel construction. And the pipeline settlement is smaller than that of the ground surface. This finding has the practical implication that the ground surface can be monitored instead of the buried pipeline. Using this indirect pipeline monitoring, the pipeline safety can be conservatively evaluated. This study is an example for evaluating the shallow tunnelling-induced effects on adjacent buried pipelines and understanding the tunnel-soil-pipeline interaction under similar conditions.
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Wang, Xia, and Qingquan Duan. "Improved AHP–TOPSIS model for the comprehensive risk evaluation of oil and gas pipelines." Petroleum Science 16, no. 6 (September 21, 2019): 1479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-019-00365-5.
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Abstract A comprehensive and objective risk evaluation model of oil and gas pipelines based on an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) is established to identify potential hazards in time. First, a barrier model and fault tree analysis are used to establish an index system for oil and gas pipeline risk evaluation on the basis of five important factors: corrosion, external interference, material/construction, natural disasters, and function and operation. Next, the index weight for oil and gas pipeline risk evaluation is computed by applying the improved AHP based on the five-scale method. Then, the TOPSIS of a multi-attribute decision-making theory is studied. The method for determining positive/negative ideal solutions and the normalized equation for benefit/cost indexes is improved to render TOPSIS applicable for the comprehensive risk evaluation of pipelines. The closeness coefficient of oil and gas pipelines is calculated by applying the improved TOPSIS. Finally, the weight and the closeness coefficient are combined to determine the risk level of pipelines. Empirical research using a long-distance pipeline as an example is conducted, and adjustment factors are used to verify the model. Results show that the risk evaluation model of oil and gas pipelines based on the improved AHP–TOPSIS is valuable and feasible. The model comprehensively considers the risk factors of oil and gas pipelines and provides comprehensive, rational, and scientific evaluation results. It represents a new decision-making method for systems engineering in pipeline enterprises and provides a comprehensive understanding of the safety status of oil and gas pipelines. The new system engineering decision-making method is important for preventing oil and gas pipeline accidents.
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Sheludchenko, Bogdan, Iryna Slusarenko, Oleh Pluzhnikov, Vladyslav Shubenko, Victor Biletsky, and Viktor Borovskyi. "Analytical Criterion for the Strength of Bonded-Dispersed Gels During Pipeline Transportation." Scientific Horizons 24, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.24(2).2021.9-15.
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Modern pipeline systems, both main and industrial, allow transporting a wide range of liquid and gaseous substances, including a variety of solid bulk materials, minerals, building materials and mixtures. However, the development of pipeline transport systems today is hindered by the lack of theoretical developments in the implementation of practical engineering projects for the creation of both main and industrial product pipelines for various purposes. Therefore, the further development of the theory of flows of various substances in pipelines and the creation of universal methods for engineering calculations of design parameters of pipeline systems based on this theory are priority tasks for the further development of product pipeline transport. The studies were carried out in accordance with the condition of stochastic transformation of the coagulation-thixotropic structure of the gel flow into sol. Such a stochastic transformation of the coagulation-thixotropic structure can be observed both when reaching the mode that determines the turbulent motion of a viscous colloidal solution, and somewhat earlier – at the stages of the laminar flow regime of the solution. Based on the formal phenomenological analysis, it has been determined that during the transition of the laminar mode of motion of the Newton fluid flow in a cylindrical tube to the turbulent mode, the transported structured gel flow is guaranteed to collapse into a colloidal sol. Based on the example of a typical design calculation of a technological (production) pipeline for the transportation of motor oils of the SAE-10 and SAE-40 grades, the optimal conditional internal diameters of the product pipeline were determined. The compliance of the design structural parameters of the pipelines with the corresponding physical and mechanical properties of the transported liquids was established. The proposed methods of engineering calculations of design parameters for technical objects of pipeline transport should expand and supplement the regulatory documentation for the preparation of projects for the construction of both main product pipelines and technological “interoperable” production pipelines
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Lin, Xin, and Guojian Shao. "Application of HMC-SS Method in Pipeline Reliability Analysis and Residual Life Assessment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3756441.
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In this paper, the reliability analysis and residual life assessment model of gas pipelines with multiple corrosion pits are established. Aiming at the simulation evaluation of small failure probability of gas pipelines, a new method for reliability analysis and residual life assessment of gas pipelines with multiple internal corrosion pits is proposed, which is called the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo subset simulation (HMC-SS) method. Compared with the traditional MCS (Monte Carlo simulation) algorithm, the HMC-SS method has the advantages of less sampling, low cost, and high accuracy. And compared with the random walk SS method, the HMC-SS method can analyze the state space more efficiently and achieve faster convergence. In this paper, the HMC-SS method is applied to the reliability analysis and residual life assessment of gas pipeline engineering, and the sensitivity analysis of the random parameters affecting the failure probability of the pipeline is carried out. The results show that the corrosion rate, the depth of corrosion defects, and the wall thickness of the pipeline have great influence on the residual life of the pipeline, while the yield strength, working pressure, and the length of corrosion pits have no obvious influence on the failure probability and residual life of the pipeline. The analysis shows that the proposed HMC-SS method can be used as a reasonable tool for failure assessment of natural gas pipelines affected by corrosion to determine the remaining life of the pipeline system. This method provides a reliable theoretical basis for the integrity management of the gas pipeline.
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Dong, Feifei, Xuemeng Bie, Jiangping Tian, Xiangdong Xie, and GuoFeng Du. "Experimental and Numerical Study on the Strain Behavior of Buried Pipelines Subjected to an Impact Load." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 10, 2019): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163284.
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Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are inevitably impacted by rockfalls during geologic hazards such as mud-rock flow and landslides, which have a serious effect on the safe operation of pipelines. In view of this, an experimental and numerical study on the strain behavior of buried pipelines under the impact load of rockfall was developed. The impact load exerted on the soil, and the strains of buried pipeline caused by the impact load were theoretically derived. A scale model experiment was conducted using a self-designed soil-box to simulate the complex geological conditions of the buried pipeline. The simulation model of hammer–soil–pipeline was established to investigate the dynamic response of the buried pipeline. Based on the theoretical, experimental, and finite element analysis (FEA) results, the overall strain behavior of the buried pipeline was obtained and the effects of parameters on the strain developments of the pipelines were analyzed. Research results show that the theoretical calculation results of the impact load and the peak strain were in good agreement with the experimental and FEA results, which indicates that the mathematical formula and the finite element models are accurate for the prediction of pipeline response under the impact load. In addition, decreasing the diameter, as well as increasing the wall thickness of the pipeline and the buried depth above the pipeline, could improve the ability of the pipeline to resist the impact load. These results could provide a reference for seismic design of pipelines in engineering.
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He, Bohu, Mingzhou Bai, Hai Shi, Xin Li, Yanli Qi, and Yanjun Li. "Risk Assessment of Pipeline Engineering Geological Disaster Based on GIS and WOE-GA-BP Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2021): 9919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219919.
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Oil and gas pipelines are part of long-distance transportation projects which pass through areas with complex geological conditions and which are prone to geological disasters. Geological disasters significantly affect the safety of pipeline operations. Therefore, it is essential to conduct geological disaster risk assessments in areas along pipelines to ensure efficient pipeline operation, and to provide theoretical support for early warning and forecasting of geological disasters. In this study, the pipeline routes of the Sichuan-Chongqing and Western Hubei management offices of the Sichuan-East Gas Transmission Project were studied. Seven topographic factors—surface elevation, topographic slope, topographic aspect, plane curvature, stratum lithology, rainfall, and vegetation coverage index—were superimposed using the laying method with a total of eight evaluation indicators. The quantitative relationships between the factors and geological disasters were obtained using the geographic information system (GIS) and weight of evidence (WOE). The backpropagation neural network (BP) was optimised using a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain the weight of each evaluation index. The quantified index was then utilized to identify the geological hazard risk zone along the pipeline. The results showed that the laying method, stratum lithology, and normalised difference vegetation index were the factors influencing hazards.
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Jia, Zhi-wei, Bo Li, and Sheng-ming Xu. "Research on Gas Exploration Shock Wave Spread Law via One-Way Bifurcation Pipeline." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (November 18, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5012393.
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In order to research on gas exploration shock wave spread law via a one-way bifurcation pipeline, the gas exploration pipeline experimental system and numerical calculation model were established. By adopting the comparative analysis of experiments and numerical modeling, it conducted researches on the attenuation and shunt characteristics of the gas exploration shock wave via the one-way bifurcation pipeline and obtained the computational formulas for shock wave attenuation coefficients of branch pipelines and straight pipelines and shock wave shunt coefficients of branch pipelines. As the research result showed that when the pipeline bifurcation angle was fixed, the larger the shock wave overpressure was, the larger the overpressure attenuation coefficients of straight pipelines and branch pipelines were. When the shockwave overpressure was fixed and the one-way bifurcation pipeline angle increased, the shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficients of branch pipelines would be aggregated and the shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficients of straight pipelines would be decreased, which reflected the shunting action of the shock wave in branch pipelines and straight pipelines; the larger the branch pipeline bifurcation angle, the smaller the shunting action for straight pipelines. The research achievements in the paper had important significance for the assessment of structures damage in mine laneways gas exploration accidents and installation of the antiexploration manhole cover, which further enriched gas exploration spread theory.
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Yu, Shao, Riyan Lan, Junhui Luo, Zhibo Duan, and Shaokun Ma. "An Investigation of Effects and Safety of Pipelines due to Twin Tunneling." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6694683.
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To efficiently and accurately predict the effects of twin tunneling on adjacent buried pipelines, the effects of upward and downward relative pipeline-soil interactions were considered. A series of numerical parametric studies encompassing 8640 conditions were performed to investigate the responses of a pipeline to twin tunneling. Based on the dimensionless analysis and normalized calculation results, the concept of equivalent relative pipeline-soil stiffness was proposed. Additionally, expressions for the relative pipeline-soil stiffness and relative pipeline curvature and for the relative pipeline-soil stiffness and relative pipeline settlement were established, along with the related calculation plots. Relying on a comparison of prediction results, centrifuge model test results, and field measured results, the accuracy and reliability of the obtained expressions for predicting the bending strain and settlement of adjacent buried pipelines caused by twin tunneling were validated. Based on the calculation method, the maximum bending strain and maximum settlement of pipelines can be calculated precisely when the pipeline parameters, burial depth, soil parameters, and curve parameters of ground settlement due to tunneling are provided. The proposed expressions can be used not only to predict the maximum bending strain and maximum settlement of pipelines caused by single and twin tunneling but also to evaluate the effects of single and twin tunneling on the safety of existing buried pipelines. The relevant conclusions of this article can also provide a theoretical basis for the normal service of buried pipelines adjacent to subway tunnels.
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Guo, Dong Liang, and De Shen Zhao. "Numerical Simulation on Effect of Shield Tunnel Construction on Pipelines with 45* Skew Angle and Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1414.
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Shield tunnel construction cause soil movement to harm the adjacent underground pipelines. This paper, taking Dalian Spring Street subway station as the background, uses the finite difference software to establish 3-D finite element analysis model to simulate the deformation of pipeline with 45* skew angle in the tunnel construction work. The results show: when the left tunnel push towards pipelines, due to the skew of the pipeline and tunnel, vertical displacement of pipelines is a certain shift to the left. When the right tunnel excavation is complete, the pipeline maximum settlement has a return to the center of the two tunnels. The settlement of pipeline is much bigger than horizontal displacement.
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Zhang, Jie, Liangjun Wu, Jiakun Hu, Dong Zhao, Jiaoyi Wan, and Xinwei Xu. "Research and Application of Intelligent Layout Design Algorithm for 3D Pipeline of Nuclear Power Plant." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5198724.
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The pipeline layout design of nuclear power plant is to find the optimal route to meet the objectives and constraints in the 3D routing space. However, due to the intensive equipment and complex structure of the nuclear power plant, various types of pipeline systems, complex layout constraints, and a large number of pipelines, even for experienced designers, pipeline layout is a difficult and time-consuming task. In order to solve the problem of the automatic layout of pipeline in 3D routing space of nuclear power plant, a pipeline automatic routing method combining Dijkstra algorithm in large space and improved A ∗ algorithm in local space is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the method identifies the key vertices of each room in the nuclear power plant, constructs the topological routing map, and determines the preliminary passage area of the pipeline through the traditional Dijkstra algorithm. Secondly, the space of the layout area is divided into 3D grids, and then the items in the area are identified and preprocessed. Finally, the 3D pipeline routing environment is established through AABB-OBB hybrid collision detection technology. On this basis, the improved method of A ∗ evaluation function is given to satisfy the pipeline layout constraints and improve the search efficiency. Through experiments, the effectiveness of this method is proved. This method can quickly and automatically route the nuclear power pipelines that meet the requirements of the engineering, which greatly improves the efficiency of 3D pipeline layout design for the nuclear power plant.
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Zhang, Jin, Zejun Han, Hongyuan Fang, and Linqing Yang. "Analysis for Dynamic Response of Buried Steel Pipeline in Cross-Anisotropic Layered Soils." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 07 (July 2020): 2071006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420710066.
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The interaction between underground pipelines and soils is crucial to the design and maintenance of underground pipeline network systems. In this paper, the dynamic stiffness matrix in the frequency-domain of the buried pipeline is obtained by the improved scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) coupled with the finite element method (FEM) at the interface between the far and near fields. A new coordinate transformation together with a scaled line is introduced in the improved SBFEM. Combined with the mixed variable algorithm, the time-domain solution of the buried pipeline under dynamic loads is then obtained. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm was verified by numerical examples. A parametric study is performed to assess the influence of the anisotropic characteristics of the layered soils on the dynamic response of the pipeline, the result of which provides a reliable basis for engineering practice. The results show that these parameters have a significant impact on the pipeline. The understanding of this impact can contribute to the design, construction, and maintenance of the corresponding engineering projects.
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Liu, Deren, Jiale Yang, Xu Wang, Junming Zhao, Shuochang Xu, and Yongchun Zhao. "Experimental Study on Thermal Insulation Effect of the Buried Oil-Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Regions." Geofluids 2022 (January 4, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4226077.
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In permafrost regions, long distance buried pipelines are widely used to transport oil and natural gas resources. However, pipeline problems occur frequently due to the complicated surrounding environment and transportation requirement of positive temperature. In this study, a thermal insulation layer was applied to mitigate permafrost degeneration around the buried oil-gas pipelines. Based on engineering background of the Sebei-Xining-Lanzhou natural gas pipeline in China, an indoor model test was designed and carried out in which many key indices, such as the temperature regime, vertical displacement, pipeline wall stress, and water content, were closely monitored. The test results indicate that the large heat loss of the buried pipeline produces a rapid increase in ground temperatures which seriously reduces the bearing capacity of the permafrost foundation. The buried oil-gas pipelines with a thermal insulation layer can effectively reduce the thawing range and vertical displacement of the permafrost foundation around the buried pipelines, so as to control the stress of the pipeline wall in the normal range and protect the safe and stable operation of the buried oil-gas pipelines. The experimental results can serve as a reference for the construction, operation, and maintenance of buried oil-gas pipelines in permafrost regions.
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Bouatia, Mohammed, Rafik Demagh, and Zohra Derriche. "Numerical Investigation on Buried Pipelines Subjected to Permanent Ground Deformations Due to Shallow Slope Failure." Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14525/jjce.v17i1.07.
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Permanent ground deformations (PGDs) induced by slope failures cause catastrophic damage to buried pipelines. This paper presents a 2D plane-strain numerical analysis of the behavior of a 800 mm water transport pipeline buried in the Aine-Tine slope (Mila, Algeria) subjected to shallow PGD, as it could be triggered by the recent earthquake of August 07th, 2020 (M= 4.9). The analysis is carried out through the application of an incremental displacement to simulate the soil-pipeline interaction while focusing on the effect of (1) the magnitude of the PGD and (2) the rigidity of the pipeline on the structural response of the pipeline. The elasticperfectly Mohr-Coulomb model was used to simulate the soil behavior and the elastic model was used to simulate that of the steel pipe. Pipeline deformations (i.e., translation and ovalization) and radial internal forces’ (i.e., axial forces F, shear forces Fୗ and bending moments M) results highlighted that shallow PGD can exert additional loads on pipelines that are proportional to the magnitude of the PGD. It has been found that the soil deformations as well as the internal forces induced on the pipeline ring are higher for rigid pipelines. Moreover, the results indicated that rigid pipelines are more effective than flexible ones as far as ovalization-serviceability limit state is concerned. In effect, for PGD magnitudes of 0.5, 1 and 2 m, the ovalization values of the flexible pipeline are, respectively, higher by 23%, 21% and 18% than those calculated for the rigid pipeline. Through a simplified linear numerical simulation such as that presented in this study, engineers and planners could be guided to foresee the possible causes of pipeline leaks and the mechanisms of ruptures that lead very often to severe disruption of pipelines’ normal operation. KEYWORDS: Soil-structure interaction, Slope failure, Permanent ground deformation, Pipelines, Radial internal forces, Ovalization
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Xu, Guo Fu, Zheng Dong Deng, Chong Ji, and Jing Jing Jia. "Research on Analytic Calculation Method of the Dynamic Response of Buried Pipelines under Indirect Ground Shock." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.77.
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Buried pipelines are important lifeline engineering. During war conventional weapons blasting in the air would induce indirect ground shock, and the shock to the buried pipeline can lead to the paralyzed of urban economic and social function. And the numerical simulation of the dynamic damage of buried pipeline is complicated and time consuming, so this article using the equivalent static load method proposes analytic solution method of stress calculation of buried pipeline under ground shock. Through comparing the results calculated by analytic solution method and numerical solution, it shows that the analytical solution is feasible in engineering application.
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Muraveva, L. V., and I. G. Ovchinnikov. "AN ENGINEERING APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF AN UNDERWATER EXPLOSION AND EVALUATING THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF AN UNDERWATER BURIED PIPELINE IS PRESENTED." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 3(72) (April 15, 2020): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.72.617.
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Introduction: The performance of oil and gas pipeline systems under operational and natural loads is an important engineering indicator. In the new century, energy resources and methods of transportation have improved. We have abundant supplies of natural gas and oil; nuclear power plants. Renewable energy sources are being introduced, which increase production efficiency and improve the country's energy portfolio. Achievements in the field of energy efficiency allow to reduce energy costs of producers. Our energy infrastructure needs largescale investments, construction, but developers face new challenges. The structural integrity of an underwater pipeline exposed to an underwater explosion is an important task. The simulation of a submerged underwater pipeline as a pipeline-water-ground system is considered, taking into account the influence of the water environment, the soil base and the explosion of the transported medium. The work was carried out to ensure and develop security requirements for existing and future offshore projects. The purpose of this work is to present an engineering approach to the assessment of the consequences of an underwater explosion and to assess the structural integrity of an offshore buried pipeline. Materials and methods: The existing approaches are based on the applied mathematical models for assessing the integrity of the structure under explosive influences, taking into account the internal energy of the structure. Results: Proposals to the requirements for ensuring the safety of buried subsea pipelines with the water medium under the influence of the explosion of the transported medium and the elastic energy of the pipeline. The proposals are submitted for consideration to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Studies have been carried out to determine the safe distance between two underwater pipelines. Conclusions: The results were obtained empirically using finite element models of the pipeline-water-soil system to assess the safety of the offshore buried pipeline taking into account the elastic energy of the structure.
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Liu, Chang Jun, Jun Ma, Xiao Qiang Li, and Yong Su. "Cavitation Erosion Behavior in Different Throttling Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.302.
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Throttling pipelines are adopted to improve their cavitation erosion resistance, while there often exists cavitation erosion, large energy loss and big noise in throttling pipelines. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) model of the secondary throttling pipeline was constructed according to the actual structure and parameters. It has been calculated that compared to the ordinary throttling pipeline, the secondary throttling pipeline makes the maximum velocity decreased from 19.827 to 19.168 m/s, and the minimum negative pressure increased from-2.02 to-1.77 MPa. The results is significant for choosing and designing the throttling pipelines.
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Katebi, Mohammad, Pooneh Maghoul, and James Blatz. "Numerical analysis of pipeline response to slow landslides: case study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 12 (December 2019): 1779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0457.
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A numerical analysis is carried out to study the behaviour of pipelines subjected to slow landslides at three at-risk landslide zones of Manitoba Pipeline Network. The pipeline’s longitudinal axis is parallel to the slow landslides at all three research sites. The ground displacements monitored for 5 years are imposed on the pipe using a special purpose pipe–soil interaction element (PSI element) using ABAQUS/Standard. The stiffness of PSI elements is defined based on soil–pipe interface properties according to a 2017 technical report from Pipeline Research Council International Inc. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with the instrumentation data to draw recommendations for future monitoring programs in slow landslide zones.
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Pang, Gaozhao, Niannian Wang, Hongyuan Fang, Hai Liu, and Fan Huang. "Study of Damage Quantification of Concrete Drainage Pipes Based on Point Cloud Segmentation and Reconstruction." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020213.
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The urban drainage system is an important part of the urban water cycle. However, with the aging of drainage pipelines and other external reasons, damages such as cracks, corrosion, and deformation of underground pipelines can cause serious consequences such as urban waterlogging and road collapse. At present, the detection of underground drainage pipelines mostly focuses on the qualitative identification of pipeline damage, and it is impossible to quantitatively analyze pipeline damage. Therefore, a method to quantify the damage volume of concrete pipes that combines surface segmentation and reconstruction is proposed. An RGB-D sensor is used to collect the damage information of the drainage pipeline, and the collected depth frame is registered to generate the pipeline’s surface point cloud. Voxel sampling and Gaussian filtering are used to improve data processing efficiency and reduce noise, respectively, and the RANSAC algorithm is used to remove the pipeline’s surface information. The ball-pivoting algorithm is used to reconstruct the surface of the segmented damage data and pipe’s surface information, and finally to obtain the damage volume. In order to evaluate, we conducted our research on real-world materials. The measurement results show that the method proposed in this paper measures an average relative error of 7.17% for the external damage volume of concrete pipes and an average relative error of 5.22% for the internal damage measurements of concrete pipes.
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Cui, Ying, Jun Fang, Zhan Qu, Meimei Song, and Junhai Zhao. "Research on Damage Assessment of Buried Standard and Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Petroleum Pipeline Subjected to Shallow Buried Blast Loading in Soil." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1459260.
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Buried petroleum pipelines may encounter threats from blast loading due to terrorist attacks, accidental explosions, and artificial blasting during in-progress construction. Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is often used for the repair and reinforcement of buried petroleum pipelines. It is meaningful and necessary to distinguish the different responses and establish an effective damage assessment method for standard petroleum pipelines and CFRP-supported petroleum pipelines buried in soil under blast loading. In this study, under fixed end constraints, experimental analysis and numerical simulations were combined to assess the damage of a standard petroleum pipeline and a CFRP petroleum pipeline buried in soil under blast loading. The results showed that, for a scaled distance of 0.19 m/kg1/3, plastic deformation occurred on the surfaces of the two pipelines facing the explosive. The antiexplosion performance of the CFRP pipeline was better than that of the standard pipeline, and the CFRP sheets had a positive effect on the protection of the buried petroleum pipeline during the buried blast loading. Furthermore, based on pressure-impulse damage theory and with consideration of the feasibility under real circumstances, two pressure-impulse damage evaluation curves for standard and CFRP pipelines facing explosive loads were established separately based on a new critical ratio of the dent depth and length. Finally, based on the two pressure-impulse damage evaluation curves and the new critical ratio, two pressure-impulse damage criteria for these two buried petroleum pipelines were defined. Moreover, with the two pressure-impulse damage evaluation curves, mathematical formulae for the two different buried petroleum pipelines were established to generate pressure-impulse diagrams. With the established formulae, the damage to the standard buried pipeline and the CFRP pipeline could be evaluated effectively. Damage to other similar standard pipelines or CFRP pipelines buried in soil with different design parameters due to shallow buried blast loading could also be evaluated using this method.
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Su, Wenxian, and Shijia Huang. "Frost Heaving Damage Mechanism of a Buried Natural Gas Pipeline in a River and Creek Region." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 5795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165795.
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When the buried pipeline passes through the permafrost zone, the phenomenon of frost swelling occurs in the permafrost zone, which causes a certain degree of bending and deformation of the pipeline. As a result, the pipeline’s structural safety is compromised, and the pipeline finally fails during operation, posing a serious hazard to the natural gas pipeline’s operation. Whereas the theoretical research on soil frost heave is relatively comprehensive, the applied research on engineering problems is not yet complete. Therefore, it is necessary to predict frost heaving through experiments and numerical simulation, and put forward reasonable control measures for existing or potential problems. For the problem of pipeline damage caused by frost swelling of soil in the natural gas high-pressure regulator station in a river and creek region, the Drucker–Prager elastic-ideal plastic model of soil was selected for finite element analysis, and a reasonable finite element model of pipe-soil was established in this paper. Through the temperature field analysis, it was found that the soil around the buried pipe is affected by the pipeline and is lower than its freezing temperature, which makes the soil freeze and swell. Furthermore, through the thermal–structural coupling analysis, it was found that the buried pipe is affected by the freezing and swelling of the soil and the structure is greatly likely to be damaged. In addition, by analyzing the temperature distribution and frost heave deformation of the soil around the pipeline, as well as the deformation and force of the pipeline at different pipe temperatures, this paper also determined the ideal temperature for preventing frost heave damage to natural gas at high-pressure regulator stations as −1 °C. Finally, based on the results of the abovementioned analysis, the heating method was determined to improve the frost damage phenomenon at the high-pressure regulator. The results of the anti-frost and swell study were used to conduct field trials at natural gas high-pressure regulator stations where frost and swell had occurred. By adding heating furnace to increase inlet temperature, frost heaving of gas transmission pipeline can be effectively prevented. The results of the research provide a reference for both existing and new natural gas pipelines, and also accumulate experience for winter maintenance design and construction of pipeline engineering in seasonally frozen soil areas.
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Yan, Yi Fei, and Lu Feng Cheng. "The Finite Element Analysis on the Submarine Pipeline under the Seismic Loading." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 2977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2977.
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Seismic loading is one of the most important factors of submarine pipeline damage, so the research on submarine pipeline failure mechanism is still lifeline engineering frontier topics. According to Biot consolidation theory, considering the interaction of submarine pipelines with the soil medium under earthquake action, the model of the seabed-pipeline interaction is established. The influences of wall thickness, radius and cover layer thickness on submarine pipeline strain response are studied under El Centro seismic wave based on this model. The calculating results show that effective stress and axial strain of the submarine pipeline increases with wall thickness, radius and cover layer thickness increasing.
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Lee, Heeyeon, and Sanghun Lee. "Economic Analysis on Hydrogen Pipeline Infrastructure Establishment Scenarios: Case Study of South Korea." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 6824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186824.
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South Korea has a plan to realize a hydrogen economy, and it is essential to establish a main hydrogen pipeline for hydrogen transport. This study develops a cost estimation model applicable to the construction of hydrogen pipelines and conducts an economic analysis to evaluate various scenarios for hydrogen pipeline construction. As a result, the cost of modifying an existing natural gas to a hydrogen pipeline is the lowest, however, there are issues with the safety of the modified hydrogen pipes from natural gas and the necessity of the existing natural gas pipelines. In the case of a short-distance hydrogen pipeline, the cost is about 1.8 times that of the existing natural gas pipeline modification, but it is considered a transitional scenario before the construction of the main hydrogen pipeline nationwide. Lastly, in the case of long-distance main hydrogen pipeline construction, it takes about 3.7 times as much cost as natural gas pipeline modification, however it has the advantage of being the ultimate hydrogen pipeline network. In this study, various hydrogen pipeline establishment scenarios ware compared. These results are expected to be utilized to establish plans for building hydrogen pipelines and to evaluate their economic feasibility.
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Yanyk, S., A. Firsov, U. Kyzenko, and V. Malikov. "HISTORY OF CREATION AND PROSPECTS OF USING FILD MAIN PIPELINES." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 13 (December 30, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.13.1.183-190.
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The history of the main pipelines originates from the oil fields of Baku and Pennsylvania. Throughout its history, pipelines have undergone significantchanges from the first pipelines in US oil fields to field trunk pipelines. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the rapid development of internal combustion engines began, the latest models of weapons were equipped with engines that required light petroleum products for their work. Before the Second World War, the system of supply of petroleum productsfor the needs of the troops did not have time to form in full. Fuel was supplied tothe troops mainly by raid or road. During the war, the pipeline entered the supply system of troops, which is another mode of transport. The first pipeline that was laid for the needs of combatoperations was laid across the Oka River in the spring of 1942. The most famouswas the pipeline, which was laid on the bottom of Lake Ladoga in the fall of 1942.The length of the pipeline reached 23 kilometers, of which 21 kilometers was laidunder water at a depth of 13 meters. The pipeline was equipped with threadedconnections and was additionally welded to increase reliability. Installation of thepipeline took place under enemy fire during 43 days. During the blockade of Leningrad, gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel were supplied to the city. After the end of the Second World War, taking into account the experienceof hostilities to provide large groups of troops, sets of field main pipelines wereadopted. Sets of pipelines could be deployed at a distance of up to 150 kilometerswith a daily capacity of up to 3,000 tons per day.Special units - pipeline battalions- were created for the deployment of field trunk sets, their storage, maintenanceand operation. Modern use of field main pipelines is not limited to the supply of fuel tomilitary units, pipelines can often be used to extinguish large fires, as well as tosupply water to settlements in the event of a natural disaster or man-made accident. Keywords: History of oil pipelines development, applying of field main pipelines, applying of pipeline parts in modern conditions.
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Yang, Run Lin, Juan Juan Wang, and Hai Cheng Zhou. "Study on Mechanical Behaviors of Underground Pipelines Due to Excavation of Foundation Pit." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2065.
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It is necessary to study the mechanic behavior of underground pipelines during the excavation of the foundation pit, because the excavation will inevitably endanger the nearby underground pipelines. Three factors include the depth of underground pipelines, the distance from the pipeline to the foundation pit and ground load are considered to conform comparative analysis, in order to study the variaty on the stress and deformation of the underground pipelines. The foundation surporting type and the soil layer distribution are also considered during the numerical simulation. The results show that the distance between pipeline and foundation has more influence on the underground pipelines than other two factors, the damage most likely occurred in the bottom right in the pipeline near the foundation pit.
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Li, Bin, Jin Ping Hong, and Zheng Feng Cao. "The Manipulator Cleared the Surface of Fluid Pipelines." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.330.
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Manipulator cleared the surface of fluid pipelines is the necessary pipeline engineering construction equipment. Developing an advanced automatic robotic pipeline construction and making it industry can satisfy the needs of pipeline engineering in the country improve mechanization level and work efficiency and reduce labor intensity. According to the actual situation, the paper conform the principle of the robotic work. Analysis the work process of the manipulator, the design gives the optical detection system. This manipulator adopts automatic rotary and feeding, intelligent control and automatic detecting effects and feedback. The movement of the manipulator can been regulated and controlled timely by the photoelectric detection device of the manipulator. It is suitable for cleaning the surface of various pipelines in the complex condition field. This paper studies the revolution，feeding and feedback of the pipeline construction of the manipulator. Finally, study and design a stable running, flexible movement, accurate positioning, the effect is automatically detected and reliable intelligent robot which compatible with the subject. This manipulator can well meet the requirements of operation.
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She, Yan Hua. "Study on the Effect of Vibration Loads Induced by Bridge Pile Foundation Construction on Adjacent Buried Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.191.
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Building up the 3D numerical analysis and computing model, force properties of buried pipelines under vibration loads induced by bridge pile foundation construction were researched, to evaluate and control the influence of construction vibration on adjacent buried pipeline. It was concluded that the most adverse position of impact loads effect on pipeline appeared in the upper right and lower left parts of the pipeline closed to the side away from the pile hole about a quarter of an arc. And the peritubular stress distribution curve with the change of the vibration source location were approximately sinusoidal line, parabola and the cosine line changes. Another, under the same conditions, the vibration velocity of ground above the pipeline was significantly greater than the pipeline itself vibration velocity, so through a reasonable assessing and controlling the vibration velocity of ground above the pipeline, it could be made security decisions for buried pipelines. Finally, according to the horizontal spacing of the buried pipeline and shock vibration source, the pipeline grading protection measures were proposed, with achieving better results in engineering application. Research results could provide some evidence both for the force calculation and design construction of the pipeline project, and support for scientific decision-making of the bridge pile foundation construction. It has an important social and economic efficiency.
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Chen, Pengchao, Rui Li, Guangming Jia, Hao Lan, Kuan Fu, and Xiaoben Liu. "A Decade Review of the Art of Inspection and Monitoring Technologies for Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Areas." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041751.
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Long-distance oil and gas pipelines buried in permafrost areas will inevitably encounter typical geological disasters, such as frost heave and thaw settlement and sliding, which easily cause pipeline displacement, bending, or deformation. When there are certain defects in the pipeline, additional complex, external stress will further lead to the failure of the pipeline or weld and can even lead to serious accidents such as pipeline leakage, pipe burst, or fracture. This paper introduces in detail the typical defects and risks of buried pipelines in permafrost areas and summarizes the in-line inspection technologies, off-line inspection technologies, and integrated monitoring systems for pipelines in the pipeline industry. Regarding pipelines in permafrost areas, in-line inspection methods may be employed. These include magnetic flux leakage, electromagnetic eddy current, ultrasonic, IMU, and electromagnetic acoustic transducer inspections. Off-line inspection is also one of the important means of inspecting a pipeline in a permafrost area. Indirect inspection is combined with verification by direct inspection to check and evaluate the integrity of the anticorrosive coating and the effectiveness of the cathodic protection for the pipeline. Meanwhile, considering the external environment of a pipeline in a permafrost area, a monitoring system should be developed and established. This paper discusses and projects the future development of related technologies, which provides reference for the construction and operation of pipelines in permafrost areas.
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Zhang, Fan, Zhipeng Zang, Ming Zhao, Jinfeng Zhang, Botao Xie, and Xing Zou. "Numerical Investigations on Scour and Flow around Two Crossing Pipelines on a Sandy Seabed." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10122019.
Full textAbstract:
When a pipeline is laid on the seabed, local scour often occurs below it due to sea currents. In practical engineering, there are some cases that two pipelines laid on the seabed need to cross with each other. The complex flow structures around two crossing pipelines make the scour characteristics different from that of an isolated single pipeline. In this study, scour below two crossing pipelines was simulated numerically using the CFD software Flow-3D. The study is focused on the effect of the intersecting angle on the equilibrium depth and time scale of scour below the crossing position. Five intersecting angles, i.e., α = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 90°, are considered, where α = 0° and 90° represent two pipelines parallel and perpendicular to each other, respectively. The results show that the equilibrium depth and the time scale of scour below the two crossing pipelines are greater than those of an isolated single pipeline. The equilibrium depth and time scale of scour have the largest values at α = 0° and decrease with the increase of the intersecting angle. Finally, the flow structures around the crossing pipelines are presented to explain the scour process.
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Wu, Pan, and Minghui Wei. "Analysis of Magnetic Anomaly Characteristics of Underground Non-Coplanar Cross-buried Iron Pipelines." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 25, no. 2 (June 2020): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg19-092.
Full textAbstract:
The non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are a common way of pipeline wiring. In order to investigate the magnetic anomaly characteristics of the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines and guide the site operation, the influences of a series of factors on the magnetic anomaly of the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are analyzed. Based on the principle of magnetic dipole construction, a forward model is established for the magnetic anomaly characteristics of the subsurface non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines. The basic characteristics of magnetic anomaly for the non-coplanar cross-buried pipelines are defined. The influences of geomagnetic parameters (geomagnetic intensity, geomagnetic inclination, and geomagnetic declination), pipeline parameters (thickness, magnetic susceptibility), and cross angle of pipelines on the characteristics of magnetic anomalies are analyzed. The results show that the shape of the total magnetic anomaly is mainly affected by the magnetic inclination, and the curve of magnetic anomaly at ± I site shows some symmetry. The amplitude is approximately linearly affected by the total geomagnetic field, magnetic declination, pipeline thickness, material magnetic susceptibility, and pipeline cross angle. There is a periodic change of the amplitude with the increase of geomagnetic inclination (−90°–>90°). The crest-trough distance is mainly affected by geomagnetic inclination, magnetic declination, thickness, magnetic susceptibility, and pipeline cross angle. A more accurate measurement can be achieved if the direction of the pipelines is roughly measured and then the number of measurement points is augmented near the intersection of pipelines and the measurement lines. Present work obtains the equivalent magnetic dipole units by segmenting pipelines. The magnetic anomaly characteristics of non-coplanar crossed iron pipelines are successfully simulated. The numerical results are in accordance with the experimental analysis.
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YAMASHITA, Takao. "Problems on Pipeline Engineering and Research Development Relating to Petroleum Pipelines." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 90, no. 822 (1987): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.90.822_547.
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