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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pipeline engineering'
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Winning, Herbert Keith. "Application and development of advanced engineering geographical information systems for pipeline design." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/4e581e2a-9d09-4b76-ace2-d76d22354719/1.
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This thesis proposes the use of an Advanced Engineering Geographical Information System (AEGIS) for the improved design of onshore pipelines, from concept to operation. The system is novel in that it is function rather than discipline or software specific. The thesis statement has been developed, and an aim and set of research objectives identified (along with the success criteria for the evaluation of the system), based on a review of current pipeline design methods. Drawing on a design science research methodology (DSRM), the thesis proposes the development of the system as an artefact in order to validate the proposed constructs, models, methods and implementations. The thesis discusses the underlying issues of data interoperability, the application of open data standards, and the integration of computer aided design (CAD) and geographical information systems (GIS). These challenges are addressed in the thesis and demonstrated through the implementation of the system. To support the development of the system, research was undertaken in the fields of pipeline engineering, environmental engineering and engineering design. As part of this research, a number of peer-reviewed journal papers were published, and conference papers presented in Kampala, Houston, London and Split. These papers covered the key fields contained in the thesis including, fluid mechanics, bio-systems engineering, environmental engineering, CAD/GIS integration (CGI), and the application and development of geospatial pipeline data models. The thesis concludes that the approach is valid, offering significant improvement across all fields compared to the current method of pipeline design. By taking a functional approach to the challenges of the design of pipelines, a system has been developed that addresses the requirements of the pipeline engineer, environmental engineer and engineering designer. The system enables the user to select the software of their choice, thereby reducing the problems associated with data interoperability, retraining and system integration. The sharing of data and outputs from analysis carried out within the system, provides an integrated approach, which can subsequently be used for the integrity management of the pipeline during the operational phase of the project. The scope for further development of this approach to pipeline design is also discussed. In addition to the inclusion of further engineering and environmental analysis, there is the potential for using the system for the design of subsea pipelines.
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Chen, Huhua. "Vibration of a pipeline containing fluid flow with elastic support." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183660659.
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Holmåker, Markus, and Magnus Woxblom. "Performance evaluation of the fixed function pipeline and the programmable pipeline." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2249.
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When developing applications in Direct3D today, developers can choose between using the fixed function pipeline and the programmable pipeline. The programmable pipeline is more flexible than the fixed function pipeline, but what is the price for high flexibility? Is high flexibility desired at any cost? How is the choice of pipeline affecting performance? The purpose of this master thesis is to evaluate the performance of the two pipelines. This will be achieved by developing a benchmark program, which measures performance when various graphical effects are tested. The results of the evaluation will hopefully help developers to decide which pipeline to use, in terms of performance. In the end we will see that the fixed function pipeline is faster than the programmable pipeline in all our tests.
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Lah, Mike M. (Mike Myoung). "Design of a model pipeline for testing of piezoelectric micro power generator for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40460.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 27).
In order to provide a reliable corrosion detection system for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), a distributed wireless self-powered sensor array is needed to monitor the entire length of the pipeline at all times. Such a sensor faces two primary challenges: a method to provide power for the sensor, and a method to detect corrosion. This project has two goals: to build a model of the TAPS as a test bed for a piezoelectric micro power generator (PMPG), and to use the model to explore corrosion detection methods (perhaps by analyzing changes in the vibration spectrum), for use in the sensor array. To miniaturize the TAPS while maintaining its vibration spectrum, we will specify the dimensions of the model to have the same natural frequency, turbulent flow, and vortex induced vibrations as the actual pipeline. The model will serve as a test bed for various PMPG designs, and also serve as a starting point for exploring methods to detect corrosion in pipes. The primary vibration mode was found to be due to the natural frequency of the pipe, which was 20.2 Hz for the TAPS. Experimentally, we found the frequency to be in a range from 12-19 Hz. PMPG devices for use in the TAPS should be tuned to this frequency range.
by Mike M. Lah.
S.B.
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Fish, Ryan J. "A real-time robotic platform for pipeline inspection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111697.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-105).
Pipelines are used around the world to transport raw materials, waste products, and, critically, potable water. Protecting the pipes from the elements often leaves them difficult to inspect for leaks and corrosion, which can cause costly, even deadly, damage. Currently, typical inspection methods are costly, interrupt service, and have highly limited inspection range. This thesis details the continuing development of a robotic platform capable of actively maneuvering inside an in-service, potable-water pipe, for the purpose of providing continuous, autonomous, long-range inspection of a pipe network. Complete inspection of municipal water pipelines requires a compact robot capable of maneuvering junctions around 100mm in diameter, with flows that can exceed 1m/s. This work focuses on several additions to prior work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which developed a hull and planar propulsion system. The addition of ailerons allows full 3-dimensional control of the robot. A custom-built, wireless embedded controller runs a customized real-time OS to provide closed-loop control, as well as data-logging and remote access. A generic task architecture is designed to simplify the addition of real-time software modules.
by Ryan J. Fish.
S.M.
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Vidimče, Kiril. "A programmable pipeline for multi-material fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89863.
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Thesis: S.M. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
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Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-51).
3D printing hardware is rapidly scaling up to output continuous mixtures of multiple materials at increasing resolution over ever larger print volumes. This poses an enormous computational challenge: large high-resolution prints comprise trillions of voxels and petabytes of data and simply modeling and describing the input with spatially-varying material mixtures at this scale is challenging. Existing 3D printing software is insufficient; in particular, most software is designed to support only a few million primitives, with discrete material choices per object. In this body of work I present OpenFab, a programmable pipeline for synthesizing multi-material 3D printed objects that is inspired by RenderMan and modern GPU pipelines. The pipeline supports procedural evaluation of geometric detail and material composition by using shader-like fablets. The pipeline allows models to be specified easily and efficiently. Additionally, I describe a streaming architecture for implementing OpenFab; only a small fraction of the final volume is stored in memory and output is fed to the printer with little startup delay. I demonstrate the OpenFab pipeline and programming model on a variety of multi-material objects.
by Kiril Vidimče.
S.M. in Computer Science and Engineering
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Kruisbrink, A. C. H. "The dynamic behaviour of check valves in pipeline systems." Thesis, City University London, 1996. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8269/.
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A semi-empirical method is developed to describe the dynamic behaviour of check valves in pipeline systems. The method is based on parameterized valve models and dimensionless valve characteristics, which may be obtained from experiments. The check valve is considered as a black box with certain input and output characteristics. The check valve closure and associated pressure surges are the dominant phenomena. Undamped check valves may be considered as a special case of damped check valves. Much attention is paid to the description of the hydrodynamic (fluid) forces on the internal, moving valve elements. These elements may be considered as translating or rotating bodies with (at least) one plane of symmetry. The equations of motion for the constrained, unsteady motion of such a body in an unconfined, unsteady fluid flow are based on the dynamical theory of Kirchhoff, extended to an unsteady fluid flow. The equivalent equations for a body in a confined fluid are based on Lagrange's method of generalized coordinates. A general (dimensionless) valve equation of motion is developed, which is valid for most of the existing check valve types. Basic differential equations are derived for the transient flow in a pipe with constant initial flow deceleration. The equations are applied to describe the check valve closure under reflection free and reflecting boundary conditions in the form of dimensionless, analytical equations. The theory is based on conventional waterhammer theory. The pipe and valve equations are coupled via the integral form of the momentum equation. The uncoupled and coupled, (dimensionless) pipe and valve equations show formally which (dimensionless) variables and valve, system and fluid parameters are relevant to the dynamic behaviour of check valves in pipeline systems. In that sense they are used in a dimensional analysis to develop (dimensionless) valve characteristics and dynamic scale laws. Based on the dimensionless valve characteristics, models for undamped and damped check valves are developed and implemented in the waterhammer computer code CVWP (Check Valve Waterhammer Program). Experiments are performed in the test facility at Delft Hydraulics to measure several valve characteristics of weakly and strongly damped check valves. The dynamic scale laws are validated by means of numerical simulations. The valve models are validated against experimental data. The study has been performed within the Check Valve Research Project (CVRP).
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Chao, Hung-Hsiang Jonathan. "Parallel/pipeline VLSI computing structures for robotic applications /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135357358.
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Lavasani, Seyed Mohammadreza Miri. "Advanced quantitative risk assessment of offshore gas pipeline systems." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5976/.
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This research has reviewed the current status of offshore and marine safety. The major problems identified in the research are associated with risk modelling under circumstances where the lack of data or high level of uncertainty exists. This PhD research adopts an object-oriented approach, a natural and straightforward mechanism of organising information of the real world systems, to represent the Offshore Gas Supply Systems (OGSSs) at both the component and system levels. Then based on the object-oriented approach, frameworks of aggregative risk assessment and fault tree analysis are developed. Aggregative risk assessment is to evaluate the risk levels of components, subsystems, and the overall OGSS. Fault trees are then used to represent the cause-effect relationships for a specific risk in the system. Use of these two assessment frameworks can help decision makers to obtain comprehensive view of risks in the OGSS. In order to quantitatively evaluate the framework of aggregative risk, this thesis uses a fuzzy aggregative risk assessment method to determine the risk levels associated with components, subsystems, and the overall OGSS. The fuzzy aggregative risk assessment method is tailored to quantify the risk levels of components, subsystems, and the OGSS. The proposed method is able to identify the most critical subsystem in the OGSS. As soon as, the most critical subsystem is identified, Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA) is employed to quantitatively evaluate the cause-effect relationships for specific undesired event. These results can help risk analysts to select Risk Control Options (RCOs) for mitigating risks in an OGSS. It is not financially possible to employ all the selected RCOs. Therefore, it is necessary to rank and select the best RCO. A decision making method using the Fuzzy TOPSIS (FTOPSIS) is proposed to demonstrate the selection of the best RCOs to control the existing risks in the system. The developed models and frameworks can be integrated to formulate a platform which enables to facilitate risk assessment and safety management of OGSSs without jeopardising the efficiency of OGSSs operations in various situations where traditional risk assessment and safety management techniques cannot be effectively applied.
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Jakubiuk, Wiktor. "High performance data processing pipeline for connectome segmentation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106122.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2016."December 2015." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-88).
By investigating neural connections, neuroscientists try to understand the brain and reconstruct its connectome. Automated connectome reconstruction from high resolution electron miscroscopy is a challenging problem, as all neurons and synapses in a volume have to be detected. A mm3 of a high-resolution brain tissue takes roughly a petabyte of space that the state-of-the-art pipelines are unable to process to date. A high-performance, fully automated image processing pipeline is proposed. Using a combination of image processing and machine learning algorithms (convolutional neural networks and random forests), the pipeline constructs a 3-dimensional connectome from 2-dimensional cross-sections of a mammal's brain. The proposed system achieves a low error rate (comparable with the state-of-the-art) and is capable of processing volumes of 100's of gigabytes in size. The main contributions of this thesis are multiple algorithmic techniques for 2- dimensional pixel classification of varying accuracy and speed trade-off, as well as a fast object segmentation algorithm. The majority of the system is parallelized for multi-core machines, and with minor additional modification is expected to work in a distributed setting.
by Wiktor Jakubiuk.
M. Eng. in Computer Science and Engineering
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Khanna, Tania. "Equation-based hierarchical optimization of a pipeline ADC." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43044.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-64).
In system design, allocation of circuit resources like power and noise budget is a difficult problem. It is difficult to know the optimal distribution of resources because the performance space of each component is not fully characterized. This uncertainty results in an iterative approach with frequent re-design of circuit blocks for different distribution schemes. Equation-based optimization has been shown effective and time efficient in circuit design, but is impractical for systems due to the large number of variables resulting in long solve times. This work shows an equation-based hierarchical optimization strategy suitable for design in deeply scaled CMOS processes. Because it is a hierarchical methodology, it scales gracefully to systems that are much larger than can be handled by known optimization methods. This thesis matches flat and hierarchical optimizations of a 10-stage pipeline ADC in a 0.18-um process. A pipeline ADC was chosen because it is a system small enough to be handled by a flat optimization, yet large enough to be approached with a hierarchical methodology. This allows a quantitative comparison of the computation resources required by each strategy. In this approach, equation-based optimizations generate the Pareto-optimal surfaces of each pipeline stage. Exploiting the surfaces' gentle nature and amenability to low-order equation fits, they are abstracted to higher levels as representations of the circuit block. Thus, resources are allocated at the system level (such as power dissipation, noise budget, gain, etc.) very rapidly and very efficiently using familiar equation-based optimization strategies. In the end we demonstrate an optimization strategy that takes 25x less time to allocate resources than a traditional, flat methodology.
by Tania Khanna.
S.M.
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Mittal, Rishabh. "A sampling jitter tolerant continuous-time pipeline ADC." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128343.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-45).
A sampling jitter tolerant continuous-time (CT) pipeline ADC has been presented in this thesis. In conventional discrete-time (DT) pipeline ADCs, the input is sampled upfront. The improvements in the bandwidth and sampling speed due to CMOS scaling have brought the deleterious effects of sampling clock jitter to the forefront. Any jitter in the sampling clock edge adds a random error to the input signal thereby limiting the maximum achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and hence the effective resolution of the ADC. The effect of sampling clock jitter has been considered fundamental. In the proposed ADC, we do not sample the input upfront. Rather, we sample the residue from the first stage. Since the residue is bandlimited and has a small magnitude, therefore it will have a smaller derivative. Hence, the sensitivity to the clock jitter will be greatly reduced.
by Rishabh Mittal.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Nugroho, Wibowo Harso 1967. "Monitoring of pipeline using smart sensors." Monash University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9236.
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Raju, Vijay Kumar. "A TRANSPORT STUDY OF SODIUM PHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATE PIPELINE PLUGGING MECHANISMS." MSSTATE, 2001. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11082001-171636/.
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The thesis investigates pipeline plugging mechanisms that have occurred during interim stabilization transfers at Hanford. A laboratory-scale saltwell pumping test loop was designed to evaluate a surrogate of Hanford Tank 241-SX-104 supernate. The effect of surrogate flow rate, cooling water flow rate and phosphate concentrations on plugging mechanisms was investigated. Critical parameters like particle and agglomerate size, velocity and bed growth rate were determined. Theoretical models were used to compare the experimental pressure rise and temperature drop of the surrogate in the channel. An operating region in which a plug would not form was developed, based on the experimental results. Experiments are also reported on plug remediation. Unplugging experiments at varying pump pressure heads and residence time of plug in the line were performed.
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Ivanov, Oleg 1970. "MRI brain analysis testbed (BAT) : methodology and automatic validation pipeline." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98973.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is extensively used in brain imaging research and clinical diagnostics. Increasingly, automated image processing algorithms are used for identification of tissue types within the image, such as gray matter, white matter and cerebro-spinal fluid. There is a wide range of algorithms, which vary in speed and accuracy, and it is often difficult to compare their performance in any objective and controlled fashion. The goal of this research was to design an automatic, generic, standard, extensible pipeline for objective and quantitative validation of MRI tissue classification algorithms and their processing pipelines. The main issues and requirements, for objective validation of different algorithms, are the use of common terminology, methodology, standard validation data sets, corresponding ground truth, validation metrics and statistical foundation. Based on those requirements, an automatic Brain Analysis Testbed (BAT) was developed to determine an objective evaluation score for MRI processing method. BAT supports Montreal Neurological Institute on-site or off-site processing of MRI data, accessible by a web interface (http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/validation/). Validation results are stored in the BAT database permanently, allowing the comparison of newly developed processing methods with existing ones. Furthermore, BAT can be used to determine the optimal classification parameters, or the best classifier algorithm for a specific MRI classification purpose, simply by searching the BAT database. The main purposes and principles of BAT are demonstrated with some practical MRI processing examples.
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Zhou, Xianling. "Experimental study of corrosion rate and slug flow characteristics in horizontal, multiphase pipeline." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176318733.
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Sadeghioon, Ali Mollazadeh. "Design and development of wireless underground sensor networks for pipeline monitoring." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5947/.
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Infrastructure monitoring, and specifically pipeline monitoring (e.g. water supply systems), is becoming crucial in order to achieve improved asset management and a more sustainable future. However, different drawbacks in existing methods of monitoring have prevented them from being widely used on water distribution systems. In this research a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in pipeline monitoring is presented and the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are discussed in detail. An ultra-low power Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) has been carefully researched, designed, developed and presented as part of this project. In addition, a novel non-invasive (to the pipe) relative pressure sensor assembly has been designed, modelled and developed based on Force Sensitive Resistors (FSR). The performance of this sensor is validated by comparison with commercial pressure sensors, and both laboratory and field trials. In this research existing models for RF transmission are reviewed and compared with measurements from field trials. In addition a modification to an existing method of extracting real and imaginary parts of permittivity is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of the existing RF propagation models.
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Tokmouline, Timur. "A signal oriented stream processing system for pipeline monitoring." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37106.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-117).
In this thesis, we develop SignalDB, a framework for composing signal processing applications from primitive stream and signal processing operators. SignalDB allows the user to focus on the signal processing task and avoid needlessly spending time on learning a particular application programming interface (API). We use SignalDB to express acoustic and pressure transient methods for water pipeline monitoring as query plans consisting of signal processing operators.
by Timur Tokmouline.
M.Eng.
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Naghash, Mahmood. "Steady turbulent gas desorption in a horizontal pipeline." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19006.
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Salem, Hicham J. "Nonlinear eleastic modeling of pipeline in sloping clay under high Ko." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8550.
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Numerous cases of pipeline failures are documented every year, triggering new problems for research and the need for re-examination of already established design guidelines and standards. The problem of soil/pipeline interaction has been thoroughly researched over the years; however, further investigation is required in some areas. This thesis presents an investigation. using numerical modeling to simulate the installation of a steel pipeline in overconsolidated clay. Some factors related to the site geometry (sloping ground) and construction methods (fill compaction), as well as the stiffness of the pipeline section, are also investigated. This study shows that the reaction of the soil mass to the trench excavation continued for as long as four years after backfilling. In addition, the following conclusions can be drawn from the results presented in this thesis: (1) When the pipeline is installed in a trench, at the base of a v-shaped depression, a higher total stress acts at the base and crown of the pipeline with level ground and smaller ground slopes causing more deformation in the pipeline section than with steep ground slopes. (2) A static, surcharge-type compaction for a reasonable duration is found to reduce damaging stresses at the base and crown of the pipeline, during and after surcharge loading. (3) A less rigid pipeline section would carry less of the weight of overlying fill material and will cause more of the load to be carried by the fill material on either side of the pipeline. This results in higher lateral pressure (in the pipeline section and slower dissipation of pore water pressure around the pipeline.
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Kok, Nicolaas Johannes. "Lift and drag forces on a submarine pipeline in steady flow." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8315.
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Includes bibliography.This thesis describes an experimental investigation into the hydrodynamic forces induced on a cylinder placed transversely to a steady stream. Various cylinder locations near the bed of a water flume were considered. The work relates to pipeline design. The various flow phenomena around a cylinder are theoretically analysed and an explanation of the phenomenon of lift provided. A thorough literature review was undertaken regarding the classical theory, as well as experimental and theoretical studies carried out on the subject. This revealed that theoretical studies are virtually non-existent. Measurements have been done in intermediate water depths with both smooth and rough beds. Two different methods, comprising very simple yet novel techniques, were utilised in a water flume 18 m long x 600 mm wide x 450 mm deep. The methods involved a unique pressure determination method as well as the direct measurement of hydrodynamic forces, using a "weighing" method. Very ' accurate flow velocities were measured using a unique differential manometer. Experiments were performed in the Reynolds number range 6 000 to 26 000, using 30 and 50 mm diameter cylinders. comprehensive tests on cylinder roughening were carried out in a flow region which had not been well researched regarding this aspect. Cylinder locations were varied from a gap-to-cylinder diameter ratio of zero to 2,67. Results revealed that the force coefficients are not appreciably affected by bed roughness. Cylinder roughening produced somewhat contradicting results for the two different cylinders used. The influence on the lift coefficient was inconclusive, but the "rougher" 30 mm cylinder produced a slightly higher drag coefficient. Although the lift force was predominantly away from the bed, a downward lift force was measured on a few occasions with the cylinder situated further than one cylinder diameter away from the bed. A possible explanation is offered for this and other unexpected results. Flow visualisation tests were performed to confirm certain features of the flow around the cylinder. These as well as all the other results have been related to published work.
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Fahimi, Marcus. "Analysis of system models for product pipeline planning and measurement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11116.
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Zhu, Junyi S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A software pipeline for converting 3D models into 3D breadboards." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122732.
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Thesis: S.M. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 44-46).
3D breadboards are a new form of physical prototypes with breadboard functions directly integrated into its surfaces. 3D breadboards offer both the flexibility and re-configurability of breadboards, while also integrating well with the shape of the prototype. As a result, 3D breadboards can be used to test function directly in context of the actual physical form. Our custom 3D editor plugin supports designers in the process of converting 3D models into 3D breadboards. Our plugin first generates a pinhole pattern on the surface of the 3D model; designers can then connect the holes into power lines and terminal strips depending on the desired layout. To fabricate the 3D breadboards, designers only have to 3D print the housing and then fill the wire channels with conductive silicone. We explore a number of computational design and computer graphics approaches to convert arbitrary 3D models into 3D breadboards. We demonstrate a range of different interactive prototypes designed by our software system, and report on a user study with six participants to validate the concept of integrating breadboards into physical prototypes.
by Junyi Zhu.
S.M. in Computer Science and Engineering
S.M.inComputerScienceandEngineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Chitty, Chelsea. "Effect of plastic strain on the corrosion of X65 pipeline steel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117994.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, June 2018.According to the thesis title-page, the thesis was submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering. According to the MIT Registrar's Office, she got a degree from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [18]-[19]).
Corrosion is an important mode of degradation and failure for iron alloys used in oil and gas pipelines. Pitting corrosion is a particular type of corrosion that is not well-understood and can play in important role in material failure. Research has shown that areas of increased plastic strain develop within pits which may promote crack initiation and material failure. This paper aims to analyze the impact of increased plastic strain on the general corrosion rate of X65 pipeline steel. Samples of X65 steel cold-rolled to 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% plastic deformation were tested using linear polarization methods in a 10% NaCl, CO2 saturated environment. It was found that there was no impact from the amount of plastic strain on the general corrosion rate of the X65 steel.
by Chelsea Chitty.
S.B.
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Metcalf, Heather. "Formation and Representation: Critical Analyses of Identity, Supply, and Demand in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145744.
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Considerable research, policy, and programmatic efforts have been dedicated to addressing the participation of particular populations in STEM for decades. Each of these efforts claims equity- related goals; yet, they heavily frame the problem, through pervasive STEM pipeline model discourse, in terms of national needs, workforce supply, and competitiveness. This particular framing of the problem may, indeed, be counter to equity goals, especially when paired with policy that largely relies on statistical significance and broad aggregation of data over exploring the identities and experiences of the populations targeted for equitable outcomes in that policy. In this study, I used the mixed-methods approach of critical discourse and critical quantitative analyses to understand how the pipeline model ideology has become embedded within academic discourse, research, and data surrounding STEM education and work and to provide alternatives for quantitative analysis. Using critical theory as a lens, I first conducted a critical discourse analysis of contemporary STEM workforce studies with a particular eye to pipeline ideology. Next, I used that analysis to inform logistic regression analyses of the 2006 SESTAT data. This quantitative analysis compared and contrasted different ways of thinking about identity and retention. Overall, the findings of this study show that many subjective choices are made in the construction of the large-scale datasets used to inform much national science and engineering policy and that these choices greatly influence likelihood of retention outcomes.
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Krasnoshchekov, Sergey Yurievich. "Determining lateral river channel activity with respect to safety of pipeline crossings." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/165455/.
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When oil and gas pipelines cross rivers they are often buried in the ground beneath the floodplain and river bed. There is a risk that river will expose the pipe by lateral bank erosion, as well as bed erosion, and then there is a risk that the pipe will break. Pipe failure can cause loss of revenue, repair and reparation costs, political difficulties and adverse environmental impacts. Buried pipeline crossings correctly located and engineered do not affect the flow hydraulics and river regime. Therefore, pipeline crossing projects should be based on the study of natural processes including those which lead to lateral movement of the channel. This study deals with the scientific knowledge of a variety of channel types and their evolution by lateral movements. The literature review and statistical analysis reveal that the rates of bank erosion depend on the type of river channel pattern. Data from different channel types are obtained from the literature with reference to a variety of parameters which are then grouped depending upon the scale of the problem under consideration (catchment, reach and local scales). These data for bank erosion rates are analyzed to develop general relationships with such factors as size of river system, shape of channel, bed type, gradient, riparian vegetation etc. Statistical examinations show that there is strong correlation between bank erosion rate and the catchment area and with channel geometry. Weak correlations with water discharge and with flow variability suggest that bank erosion rates will not be changed significantly in the near future if discharge and/or its variability alter under climate change. Results are used to provide science-based recommendations to estimate lateral activity applicable to many regions of the world.
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Wylie, Austin. "Geospatial Data Modeling to Support Energy Pipeline Integrity Management." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1447.
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Several hundred thousand miles of energy pipelines span the whole of North America -- responsible for carrying the natural gas and liquid petroleum that power the continent's homes and economies. These pipelines, so crucial to everyday goings-on, are closely monitored by various operating companies to ensure they perform safely and smoothly.
Happenings like earthquakes, erosion, and extreme weather, however -- and human factors like vehicle traffic and construction -- all pose threats to pipeline integrity. As such, there is a tremendous need to measure and indicate useful, actionable data for each region of interest, and operators often use computer-based decision support systems (DSS) to analyze and allocate resources for active and potential hazards.
We designed and implemented a geospatial data service, REST API for Pipeline Integrity Data (RAPID) to improve the amount and quality of data available to DSS. More specifically, RAPID -- built with a spatial database and the Django web framework -- allows third-party software to manage and query an arbitrary number of geographic data sources through one centralized REST API.
Here, we focus on the process and peculiarities of creating RAPID's model and query interface for pipeline integrity management; this contribution describes the design, implementation, and validation of that model, which builds on existing geospatial standards.
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Koc, Gencer. "Simulation Of Flow Transients In Liquid Pipeline Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609018/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
SIMULATION OF FLOW TRANSIENTS IN LIQUID PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Koç, Genç
er M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. O. Cahit Eralp November 2007, 142 pages In liquid pipeline systems, transient flow is the major cause of pipeline damages. Transient flow is a situation where the pressure and flow rate in the pipeline rapidly changes with time. Flow transients are also known as surge and Waterhammer which originates from the hammering sound of the water in the taps or valves. In liquid pipelines, preliminary design parameters are chosen for steady state operations, but a transient check is always necessary. There are various types of transient flow situations such as valve closures, pump trips and flow oscillations. During a transient flow, pressure inside the pipe may increase or decrease in an unexpected way that cannot be foreseen by a steady state analysis. Flow transients should be considered by a complete procedure that simulates possible transient flow scenarios and by the obtained results, precautions should be taken. There are different computational methods that can be used to solve and simulate flow transients in computer environment. All computational methods utilize basic v flow equations which are continuity and momentum equations. These equations are nonlinear differential equations and some mathematical tools are necessary to make these equations linear. In this thesis a computer program is coded that utilizes &ldquo
Method of Characteristics&rdquo
which is a numerical method in solving partial differential equations. In pipeline hydraulics, two partial differential equations, continuity and momentum equations are solved together, in order to obtain the pressure and flow rate values in the pipeline, during transient flow. In this thesis, MATLAB 7.1 is used as the programming language and obtained code is converted to a C# language to be able to integrate the core of the program with a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). The Computer program is verified for different scenarios with the available real pipeline data and results of various reputable agencies. The output of the computer program is the tabulated pressure and flow rate values according to time indexes and graphical representations of these values. There are also prompts for users warning about possible dangerous operation modes of the pipeline components.
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Mullen, Richard A. (Richard Almond). "Risk mitigation of pipeline assets through improved corrosion modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99027.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-71).
Infrastructure has to weather the elements and still function. Gas transmission and distribution piping at a utility are no exception. Atmospheric corrosion deteriorates the integrity of the natural gas system, and utilities need to respond with countermeasures in order to mitigate the risk. The ability to predict where atmospheric corrosion will cause leaks will allow for a better allocation of resources in mitigating the risk caused by corrosion. First a corrosion simulation model was developed to predict the number of leaks in each geographic area in PG&E's service area. Past meteorological data, past pollution data, 2014 atmospheric corrosion inspections on 2.27 million meters, leak data, and gas system asset information (meter age, type, etc.) were used. The qualitative observations and a quantitative model were then coupled in a simulation model to predict the number of leaks depending on the years between atmospheric corrosion inspections. Utilizing the output of the corrosion prediction model, an optimization model was developed to determine the atmospheric corrosion inspection frequency that will minimize the risk of leaks to the system. This model will allow PG&E to understand how reallocating inspection resources can reduce risk of leaks. The overall results indicate that data quality plays a very important role in coupling qualitative observations with a quantitative model. From the model developed and analyzed in this thesis, several opportunities for better data collection were identified. By collecting targeted data on localized corrosion and corrosion rates, qualitative inspections can contribute greatly to accurately model corrosion where quantitative models are lacking.
by Richard A. Mullen.
M.B.A.
S.M.
30
Snyman, M. F. "Numerical modelling of an offshore pipeline laid from a barge." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21804.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: pages 81-85.This thesis addresses some of the issues involved in using numerical methods to simulate the laying of an offshore pipeline, the objective being to contribute to the expertise of the South African offshore technology. Of particular interest is the prediction of the stresses in the pipe during such an event. The thesis concentrates on the use and suitability of the finite element method to simulate the important aspects of the pipelaying problem. ABAQUS, a nonlinear general purpose finite element code, was chosen as numerical tool, and nonlinear effects such as geometry and drag, as well as contact and lift-off at the boundaries, are included in the models. The analysis is performed in two parts: in the static analysis the displaced equilibrium position of the pipeline under self weight, buoyancy and barge tension is sought, whilst the response due to wave action and barge motion is of interest in the dynamic analysis. Numerical experiments show the suitability of ABAQUS to model the behaviour of slender structures under both static loads and dynamic excitations.
31
THIEN, ANDREW B. "PIPELINE STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING USING MACRO-FIBER COMPOSITE ACTIVE SENSORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1140799131.
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32
Greene, Denis P. "Ground cracking and frost heaving associated with chilled gas pipeline operations in Britain." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14313/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the soil-pipeline interactions associated with the operation of large-diameter chilled gas pipelines in Britain, these are frost/pipe heave and ground cracking. The investigation was biased towards the definition of the mechanism of ground cracking and, the parameters which influence its generation and subsequent development, especially its interaction with frost heave. The study involved a literature review, questionnaire, large-scale test and small-scale laboratory model experiments. The literature review concentrated on soil-pipeline interactions and frost action, with frost/pipe heave often reported but ground cracking was seldom reported. A questionnaire was circulated within British Gas to gain further information on these interactions. The replies indicated that if frost/pipe heave was reported, ground cracking was also likely to be observed. These soil-pipeline interactions were recorded along 19% of pipelines in the survey and were more likely along the larger diameter, higher flow pipelines. A large-scale trial along a 900 mm pipeline was undertaken to assess the soil thermal, hydraulic and stress regimes, together with pipe and ground movements. Results indicated that cracking occurred intermittently along the pipeline during periods of rapid frost/pipe heave and ground movement and, that frozen annulus growth produced a ground surface profile was approximated by a normal probability distribution curve. This curve indicates maximum tensile strain directly over the pipe centre. Finally a small-scale laboratory model was operated to further define the ground cracking mechanism. Ground cracking was observed at small upward ground surface movement, and with continued movement the ground crack increased in width and depth. At the end of the experiments internal soil failure planes slanting upwards and away from the frozen annulus were noted. The suggested mechanism for ground cracking involved frozen annulus growth producing tensile strain in the overlying unfrozen soil, which when sufficient produced a crack.
33
Rashedi, Ahmadreza. "A Study of Surface Wetting in Oil-Water Flow in Inclined Pipeline." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1448364959.
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javeed, khalid. "DIGITAL GAIN ERROR CORRECTION TECHNIQUE FOR 8-BIT PIPELINE ADC." Thesis, Linköping University, Electronic Devices, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59248.
Full textAbstract:
An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a link between the analog and digital domains and plays a vital role in modern mixed signal processing systems. There are several architectures, for example flash ADCs, pipeline ADCs, sigma delta ADCs,successive approximation (SAR) ADCs and time interleaved ADCs. Among the various architectures, the pipeline ADC offers a favorable trade-off between speed,power consumption, resolution, and design effort. The commonly used applications of pipeline ADCs include high quality video systems, radio base stations,Ethernet, cable modems and high performance digital communication systems.Unfortunately, static errors like comparators offset errors, capacitors mismatch errors and gain errors degrade the performance of the pipeline ADC. Hence, there is need for accuracy enhancement techniques. The conventional way to overcome these mentioned errors is to calibrate the pipeline ADC after fabrication, the so-called post fabrication calibration techniques. But environmental changes like temperature and device aging necessitates the recalibration after regular intervals of time, resulting in a loss of time and money. A lot of effort can be saved if the digital outputs of the pipeline ADC can be used for the estimation and correctionof these errors, further classified as foreground and background techniques. In this thesis work, an algorithm is proposed that can estimate 10% inter stage gain errors in pipeline ADC without any need for a special calibration signal. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is investigated on an 8-bit pipeline ADC architecture.The first seven stages are implemented using the 1.5-bit/stage architecture whilethe last stage is a one-bit flash ADC. The ADC and error correction algorithms simulated in Matlab and the signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) is calculated to evaluate its efficiency.
35
Jie, Hongen. "CFD modelling of transient two-phase flows for high pressure pipeline decompression." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28785/.
Full textAbstract:
A CFD model has been developed with the aim to predict transient two-phase flows for pipeline decompression. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method was introduced to solve separately the convection terms from the other terms in a sub-cycled explicit manner using a sub-time step that is only a fraction of the main computational timestep, which can significantly simplify solution procedures and improve computational efficiency. The homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) and homogeneous relaxation model (HRM) were employed to treat multi-component two phases as a continuous mixture based on the basic assumption of homogeneous flow. HEM assumes that the two phases are not only in thermodynamic equilibrium but also in mechanical equilibrium, namely the two phases share identical velocity, temperature and pressure and the rate of phase change is rapidly enough so that equilibrium is reached. However, the rate at which the phase change took place depends on interphase heat transfer and non-equilibrium effects. For the rapid pipeline decompression, the rates of interphase heat transfer are a limiting factor for phase change. In order to examine the non-equilibrium effect, the rate equation is introduced to evaluate the non-equilibrium generation of vapour or liquid phase by an approach of relaxation. HRM is proposed to deal with two-phase flows involved during pipeline decompression, and is extended for the multi-component dense fluid. The use of CFD allows the effect of pipe wall heat transfer and friction to be quantified. The wall heat transfer is considered through the implementation of a conjugate heat transfer model while the wall friction is computed using established empirical correlations. The Peng-Robinson-Stryjek- Vera equation of state (EOS), which is capable of predicting the real gas thermodynamic behaviour of mixture, has been implemented in addition to the Peng-Robinson EOS and Span-Wagner EOS, and the latter is used as a reference specifically for pure CO2. GERG-2004 is also employed for C02-rich mixture. Additionally, the liquid-vapour phase equilibrium of a multi-component two-phase mixture is determined by flash calculation. The current code with HEM is validated for natural gas, rich gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gaseous and dense phase C02 decompression against the available data of shock tube test. The decompression curve, which describes the propagation of the expansion wave immediately following a rupture, is obtained to be treated as the key input to the Battelle two-curve method which often used to determine the toughness required to arrest a running ductile fracture in a pipeline. Furthermore, the predictions of pressure and temperature time traces are compared with the results of British Gas shock tube tests, Botros's rich gas experiments, Isle of Grain full-scale experiments. The predictions show reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, C02 shock tube decompression is examined with the current model. Gaseous and dense phase C02 and C02-rich mixture shock tube tests are predicted. Predictions are compared with the available experimental data. The results show good agreement for C02 tests. The decompression behaviours of high pressure CO2 pipeline are studied and discussed. The effect of initial conditions and impurities on the decompression behaviour is investigated. Additionally, the effects of friction and heat transfer are evaluated for the gaseous and dense tests. Lastly, the non-equilibrium effect on the decompression behaviour is also evaluated for dense tests by employing the approach of HRM.
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Kuntala, Prashant Kumar. "Optimizing Biomarkers From an Ensemble Learning Pipeline." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1503592057943043.
Full text
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Arafin, Muhammad. "Role of grain boundaries and microstructure on the environment assisted cracking of pipeline steels." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96871.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, two common types of environment assisted cracking (EAC) of pipeline steels, namely the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), have been studied, and computer models have been developed to simulate the intergranular stress corrosion crack propagation behaviour in pipeline steel as well as to predict the intergranular fracture susceptibility, due to mechanical loading in non-corrosive environment, of polycrystalline materials. First, a new understanding of the IGSCC resistance of pipeline steel has been obtained by studying the grain boundary character and crystallographic orientation in both cracked and non-cracked pipeline steel samples using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray texture measurements. It has been found that the low-angle and certain types of special boundaries, known as the coincident site lattice (CSL) boundaries (Σ5, Σ11, and Σ13b types), are crack-resistant while the random high angle boundaries are prone to cracking. However, it has been also observed that the grain boundaries associated with {110} and {111} neighbour grain orientations having <110> and <111> rotation axis, respectively, are crack-resistant, while the cracked boundaries are mainly linked to the {100} orientation with <100> rotation axis. Subsequently, a novel integrated modeling approach, combining Voronoi Algorithm, Markov Chain theory, and Monte Carlo simulations, has been developed in order to predict the IGSCC behaviour of pipeline steels. The model takes both the physical microstructural features, such as the grain shape and grain size distribution, as well as the grain boundary characters and their orientations with respect to the external stress axis into account. The predicted crack propagation behaviour has been found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental crack-propagation and arrest data in API X65 pipeline steel. In addition, a texture based grain boundary character reconstruction model has been developed that can reproduce the experimentally determined grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) from the simple texture and overall GBCD descriptions. This model has been coupled with the intergranular crack propagation model that can take into account the crystallographic orientations of the grains and the resulting grain boundary character, individual grain boundary fracture strength, and projected local stress onto the grain boundary plane based on applied stress magnitude and in-situ crack propagation length. The predicted threshold fracture stress has been compared with the experimental fracture stress data of various textured and random Mo polycrystals obtained from the literature, and good agreement was observed. Besides, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) behaviour of two relatively new high strength pipeline steels, API X80 and API X100, in high pH carbonate-bicarbonate environment has been studied using slow strain rate test (SSRT) technique. While both the steels are found to be highly susceptible to HIC at cathodic potentials, the bainitic lath type microstructure (API X100) is more susceptible to HIC compared to the ferritic/granular bainitic steel (API X80) at high cathodic potential. This can be primarily attributed to the bainitic lath boundary separation phenomenon in the API X100 steel. This study also shows that applying cathodic protection can lead to significant hydrogen embrittlement in these steels.Dans cette recherche, deux types courants de l'environnement assistée par la fissuration (EAC) des aciers pour pipelines, nommément le stress corrosion intergranulaire craquage (IGSCC) et la fissuration induite par l'hydrogène (HIC), ont été étudiés, et des modèles informatiques ont été développés pour simuler le intergranulaire stress comportement à la corrosion propagation des fissures dans l'acier des pipelines ainsi que de prédire la susceptibilité de fracture intergranulaire, en raison de contraintes mécaniques dans un environnement non-corrosifs, des matériaux polycristallins. Tout d'abord, une nouvelle compréhension de la résistance de l'acier IGSCC pipeline a été obtenu en étudiant le caractère des joints de grains et de l'orientation cristallographique dans les deux fissuré et non fissuré échantillons d'acier pipeline en utilisant la diffraction d'électrons rétrodiffusés (EBSD) et les mesures de texture X-ray. Il a été constaté que le faible angle et certains types de limites particulières, connu sous le nom coïncide site du réseau (CSL) limites (Σ5, Σ11, et les types Σ13b), sont anti-fissures tandis que les frontières aléatoire angle élevé sont sujettes à la fissuration . Toutefois, il a été également observé que les joints de grains associées à {110} et {111} orientations grain voisin ayant <110> et <111> axe de rotation, respectivement, sont anti-fissures, alors que les limites de craquage sont principalement liés à la {100} d'orientation avec <100> axe de rotation. Par la suite, une approche nouvelle modélisation intégrée, combinant l'algorithme de Voronoï, par chaînes de Markov théorie et simulations de Monte Carlo, a été développé afin de prédire le comportement des aciers IGSCC pipeline. Le modèle tient à la fois les caractéristiques physiques des microstructures, telles que la forme des grains et de la distribution granulométrique, ainsi que les caractères des joints de grains et de leurs orientations par rapport à l'axe du stress en compte des externalités. Le comportement de fissures prédits propagation n'a été trouvé pour être en excellent accord avec les observations expérimentales propagation de fissure et de données sur les arrestations en acier API X65 pipeline. En outre, une texture à base de céréales limite reconstruction caractère modèle a été développé qui permet de reproduire la distribution de céréales déterminé expérimentalement la limite de caractères (GBCD) de la texture simple et globale descriptions GBCD. Ce modèle a été couplé avec le modèle de propagation de fissures intergranulaires qui peuvent prendre en compte les orientations cristallographiques des grains de céréales et le caractère résulte de frontière, chaque résistance à la rupture des joints de grains, et projetée de contraintes locales sur le plan des joints de grains fondés sur l'amplitude de contrainte appliquée et in-situ longueur propagation de la fissure. La contrainte seuil prévu fracture a été comparé avec les données expérimentales contrainte à la rupture de plusieurs Mo polycristaux texturés et aléatoire obtenu à partir de la littérature, et un bon accord a été observée. Par ailleurs, la fissuration induite par l'hydrogène (HIC) le comportement de deux relativement nouveaux aciers à haute limite pipeline force, API X80 et X100 API, en haute environnement carbonate-bicarbonate pH a été étudiée en utilisant la vitesse de déformation lente test (SSRT) technique. Bien que les aciers sont jugés très sensibles à l'HIC à des potentiels cathodiques, la microstructure de type bainitique latte (API X100) est plus sensible aux HIC par rapport à la ferritique / acier bainitique granulaire (API X80) au potentiel cathodique de haut. Cela peut être principalement attribuée au phénomène bainitique limite latte de séparation en acier X100 API. Cette étude montre également que l'application de la protection cathodique peut conduire à la fragilisation par l'hydrogène significative de ces aciers.
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Roy, Ankur 1976. "Oil transportation in the global landscape : the Murmansk Oil Terminal and Pipeline proposal evaluated." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28575.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-62).
Oil and transportation have been commingled since the first oil reserves were discovered. The importance of energy, namely oil, and the transportation of that energy from the producers to the consumers is persistently monitored and evaluated. Oil producers often seek novel transportation channels to increase oil production, thereby increasing revenues. Oil consumers seek unique transportation nodes to reduce their reliance on a single set of producers while potentially reducing prices. An example of the transportation interplay between global producers and consumers is highlighted by the Murmansk Oil Terminal and Pipeline proposal that seeks to provide Russian oil to the United States in a safe, efficient, and economic manner. The framework and corresponding feasibility analysis highlight the importance of oil transportation in a global landscape and peruse the macro and micro variables that intertwine and impact that landscape. A thorough evaluation of both Russian and US oil reliance must be understood, while extrapolating the influence of ancillary players such as OPEC, West Siberian Oil Reserves, the Murmansk locality, and the marine transportation industry. This thesis seeks to provide a overview of the oil industry generally, while specifically focusing on marine oil transportation. The thesis does so with a case evaluation of the Murmansk Oil Terminal and Pipeline project.
by Ankur Roy.
M.Eng.in Logistics
39
Eriksson, Gustav, and Anton Engberg. "Automating the CAD to Virtual Reality Pipeline for Assembly Simulation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166894.
Full textAbstract:
Virtual reality is emerging as a valuable tool in the manufacturing industry, as it allows engineers to place themselves in a virtual environment in which they can inspect and evaluate their 3D designs, providing a sense of scale not available through a 2D screen. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB currently uses physical prototypes to assess whether their designs work from an assembly perspective, which can be expensive and time consuming to make and are often downscaled. Therefore, an interest in exploring the possibility of using virtual reality as a tool for simulating and evaluating assembly sequences has emerged, as well as training operators on said sequences, which lays the foundation for this thesis work. The thesis explores the possibility of using virtual reality to simulate assembly sequences using imported CAD models. Emphasis is put on automating the CAD to virtual reality pipeline, as well as how arbitrary CAD models can be presented in virtual reality and how assembly evaluation and training of said CAD models can be simulated in VR. An application is developed in Unreal Engine to explore the possibilities of using the program for virtual reality assembly simulation, as well as identifying potential problem areas. A solution to each of the problems are proposed, and these solutions together make up the application. The application is evaluated with end users to identify areas of improvement. The general conclusions that can be drawn from the results are that there are differences in how CAD programs and Unreal Engine handle and make use of 3D geometry which can cause issues, and that the number of parts and the size of these parts are the two most prominent parameters that can cause problems when importing, handling and using arbitrary CAD models in Unreal Engine.
40
Pereira, Thiago Soares. "Bauschinger effect in macro and micro sized high strength low alloy pipeline steels." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7265/.
Full textAbstract:
The Bauschinger effects in X70, X80 and X100 high strength low alloy pipeline steels were presented. The microstructure of the as-received alloys was characterized. A variety of microstructures was present across the different alloys, ranging from a refined granular ferrite with small amounts of perlite to a bainitic structure containing martensite/austenite islands, retained austenite and small cementite constituents along with a small amount carbides. Similarly, the dislocation structures varied from homogeneously distributed across the ferrite grains to clusters/walls of dislocations. Mechanical tests on macro and micro sized samples were carried out up to 1% and 2% plastic strains. A micro-device for Bauschinger test was designed and manufactured using micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) technology and was incorporated onto a FIB/SEM in order to prepare the micro sized samples and perform the micro Bauschinger tests. The Bauschinger stress parameter showed that the Bauschinger effect becomes more obvious in samples with higher yield strength and also with increasing pre-strain. In addition, the Bauschinger effect remained similar on the samples of different sizes in the current study. The results indicate that the cause of the early yielding during reverse loading of these alloys is dominated by the dislocation-dislocation interaction.
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Courcy, Matthew Louis 1973. "Feasibility of a 16bit, 3MSPS multibit per stage pipeline ADC using digital calibration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50392.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and, Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116).
by Matthew Louis Courcy.
B.S.
M.Eng.
42
Rashyna, Marina. "Quality control of a somatic mutation analysis pipeline for next generation sequencing data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354751.
Full textAbstract:
Many studies are focused on analysis of next generation sequencingdata from normal and cancer tissues with the intention ofidentifying somatic mutations in cancer. In brief, the producedsequences are mapped to the reference genome; later the data fromthe tumour and normal sample is compared to identify mutations inthe tumour. Errors can be introduced during the sample handling orby the sequencing platform, leading to incorrect alignment andultimately to false positive mutations. To be certain that thediscovered mutation is not an artefact; quality control should beperformed on the raw sequencing data, on the results of readalignment and finally following the mutation calling.There are two aims of this study. First, to identify the mostimportant metrics for control of raw sequencing data andreadalignment data. Second, to develop tools that can evaluatethese metrics. To discover the most essential metrics, freelyavailable software packages for quality control of the rawsequencing data and read alignment were analysed.Two tools, RawQC and MapQC have been developed in Python 3, toperform a quality control of raw sequencing and alignment data.RawQC can handle targeted panel data from the main commerciallyavailable sequencing platforms Illumina, Ion Torrent and PacificBiosciences. A novel feature implemented in RawQC is the analysisof read duplications for estimating the duplication level withregard to the read length. For MapQC, a new feature is Flagoverview metric that presents a quick summary of the alignment,where the read length is also considered. Both tools produceuseful statistics and graphs for quality assessment of input data.The evaluation of these metrics is an important step beforesomatic variant calling. By evaluating the quality of the datacertain decisions on the data processing and filtering arefacilitated to reduce the amount of false positive or falsenegative mutation calls.
43
Tiley, C. H. "Pressure transients in a ruptured gas pipeline with friction and thermal effects included." Thesis, City, University of London, 1989. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17971/.
Full textAbstract:
A theoretical model has been developed which can simulate a linebreak occurring in a gas pipeline. By assuming one-dimensional homogeneous gas flow and neglecting minor losses and changes in cross-sectional area of the pipe, three simultaneous non-linear partial differential equations were derived from first principles which mathematically model pressure transients in a non-perfect gas. A constant value steady-flow friction factor was used to calculate the frictional losses which was considered to be a reasonable approach since it would not be possible to account for all the variations in friction. The heat transfer into the pipe was accounted for using a constant value Stanton Number approach which again was an acceptable approximation considering the comparatively small effect that heat transfer has on the pressure transients. The equations were converted to ordinary differential equations using the Method of Characteristics and these were then solved numerically using a Taylor expansion. A novel feature of this project was the incorporation of a reduced grid size in the vicinity of the break allowing closer monitoring of the expansion waves in this area. Also included was a means of modelling flow reversal in the pipe which enabled situations with a non-zero initial flow rate to be simulated. A computer code solving the mathematical model was written in Fortran 77 for use on a Gould PN9005 mainframe computer. Both tabular and graphical output were produced which could then be compared with available experimental data. The experimental data that was selected for validation of the theoretical model included shock tube test results and some full size tests. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the theoretical and experimental results and any possible error sources were investigated.
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Khouri, Raoul-Emil Roger. "Two-photon calcium imaging sequence Analysis Pipeline : a method for analyzing neuronal network activity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119748.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 73).
Investigating the development of neuronal networks can help us to identify new therapies and treatments for conditions that affect the brain, such as autism and Alzheimer's disease. Two-photon calcium imaging has been a powerful tool for the investigation of the development of neuronal networks. However, one of the major challenges of working with two-photon calcium images is processing the large data sets, which often requires manual analysis by a skilled researcher. Here, we introduce a machine learning (ML) pipeline for the analysis of two-photon calcium image sequences. This semi-autonomous ML pipeline includes proposed methods for automatically identifying neurons, signal extraction, signal processing, event detection, feature extraction, and analysis. We run our ML pipeline on a dataset of two-photon calcium image sequences extracted by our team. This dataset includes two-photon calcium image sequences of spontaneous network activity from primary cortical cultures of Mecp2-deficient and wild-type mice. Loss-of-function mutation in the MECP2 gene, causes 95% of Rett syndrome cases and some cases of autism. We evaluate our ML pipeline using this dataset. Our ML pipeline reduces the time required to analyze two-photon calcium images from over 10 minutes to about 30 seconds per sample. Our goal is to accelerate the analysis of neuronal network function to aid in our understanding of neurological disorders and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
by Raoul-Emil Roger Khouri.
M. Eng.
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Taylor, Kenneth William 1980. "The design and implementation of a 3D graphics pipeline for the raw reconfigurable architecture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28540.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 345-346).
This thesis presents the design and implementation of a 3D graphics pipeline, built on top of the "Raw" processor developed at MIT. The Raw processor consists of a tiled array of CPUs, caches, and routing processors connected by several high-speed networks, and can be treated as a coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture. The graphics pipeline has four stages, and four-way parallelism in each stage, and is mapped on to a 16-tile Raw array. It supports basic rendering functions such as hardware transform and lighting, perspective correct texture mapping, and depth buffering, and is intended to be used as a slave processor receiving rendering commands from a host system. The design process is described in detail, along with difficulties encountered along the way, and a comprehensive performance evaluation is carried out. The paper concludes with many suggestions for architectural and performance improvements to be made over the initial design.
by Kenneth William Taylor.
S.M.
46
Hasslund, Mikael. "Analysis and improvement of tools used in a game-pipeline." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12548.
Full textAbstract:
Tools development is a sometimes overlooked process that is crucial for developing high quality games. The experience of the users will vary which makes usability an important issue as well as having good guidelines for communications and development of user interfaces. This report presents the development process of two different tools used in production of high-quality projects at Avalanche Studios and describes both the added functionality as well as the methods used to provide them.
Programmering av verktyg är en process som ofta är förbisedd men som är mycket viktig för utvecklingen av hög-kvalitativa spel. Den varierande kunskapsnivån hos användare gör att det är viktigt att fokusera på användarbarheten samt även ha bra riktlinjer för kommunikationer och utvecklingen av användargränssnitt. Den här rapporten presenterar hela utvecklingsprocessen av två olika verktyg som används vid utveckling av högkvalitativa projekt vid Avalanche Studios, och går igenom både ny funktionalitet samt även använda metoder för att uppnå detta.
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El, Hamoui Mohamad A. "A Pipeline Analog-To-Digital Converter for a Plasma Impedance Probe." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/287.
Full textAbstract:
Space instrumentation technology is an essential tool for rocket and satellite research, and is expected to become popular in commercial and military operations in fields such as radar, imaging, and communications. These instruments are traditionally implemented on printed circuit boards using discrete general-purpose Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) devices and other components. A large circuit board is not convenient for use in micro-satellite deployments, where the total payload volume is limited to roughly one cubic foot. Because micro-satellites represent a fast growing trend in satellite research and development, there is motivation to explore miniaturized custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs to reduce the volume and power consumption occupied by instrument electronics. In this thesis, a model of a new Plasma Impedance Probe (PIP) architecture, which utilizes a custom-built ADC along with other analog and digital components, is proposed. The model can be fully integrated to produce a low-power, miniaturized impedance probe.
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Ghanbari, Elmira. "Corrosion Behavior of Buried Pipeline in Presence of AC Stray Current in Controlled Environment." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1475677625895234.
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Fu, Zhu. "Numerical simulation of a centrifuge test related to the interaction between an ice feature and an offshore pipeline." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27844.
Full textAbstract:
Ice features present one of the major obstacles to offshore development in the Arctic and Atlantic regions of Canada. Ice features have been observed to interact with the see floor creating scour features (Clark et al., 1986). In particular, when an ice feature is driven by environmental forces into the shallow water, ice scouring of the seabed may cause a danger to bottom installations such as submarine pipelines.
In the present study, the ice-scour event in a centrifuge test is simulated by using PLAXIS and ADINA finite element programs. The centrifuge test data reported by (Lach et al., 1993; Yang and Poorooshasb, 1997) and the input data in their numerical study are utilized in the present work. In numerical analysis, geometric and material nonlinearities are considered. Two dimensional and three dimensional finite element models are used to calculate the stresses and deformations in the seabed soils, the deflections of the pipe, and the stresses acting on the pipe. In order to establish the validity of the finite element calculations, the experimental results and the numerical results are compared. The importance of using interface elements between the soil and the ice feature is also investigated.
The FE predictions are reasonably close to the centrifuge test data. The displacements of the pipe in 3-D model are smaller than those predicted by 2-D model due to the three dimensional effects. Bending and torsion of the pipe along its long axis can only be calculated in 3-D FE analysis. Using the interface elements in the numerical analysis helps to obtain a better agreement between the calculated and measured values. In addition, convergence problems are reduced.
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Laricchia, Francesco. "Study of offshore flexible pipelines with analytical and numerical methods." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
The work outlined presents three different analytical approaches for analyze a flexible pipelines, combined in one unified formulation.
Additionally, a finite element model of an unbonded flexible riser is presented.
Are reported results and discussion about a flexible pipeline subjected to a tensional load and internal pressure and
focus on Axial tension-elongation curves under different lay angles of helical tendons.