Journal articles on the topic 'Pipe work'
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1
Schulkes, R. M. S. M., Trygve Rinde, and Ole Harald Utvik. "Pipe Flow With Radial Inflow: Experimental and Modeling Work." Journal of Fluids Engineering 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2821989.
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In this paper results are presented from experiments in which the pressure loss in single-phase pipe flow is studied when radial inflow occurs. Experiments have been carried out with pipes which have different perforation geometries so as to be able to investigate the effect of perforation geometry on the pressure loss. Data analysis of these experiments, as well as analysis of experiments carried out by other groups, yields a pressure loss model which accurately describes pressure losses in single-phase pipe flow with radial inflow through perforations in the pipe wall. The experimental data is subsequently used to establish a numerical value of a parameter which is used in a model description. This leads to the formulation of an effective friction factor for pipe flow with radial inflow.
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Park, Soo, Hui Hwan Kwon, Jae Mean Koo, Chang Sung Seok, Du Han Jung, and Jin Yong Mo. "A Study on the Fatigue Life Prediction for Bending Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2219.
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Mechanical structures with power sources experience repeated force produced by motors. As a result, the life of the pipes reduces and ultimately, the pipes collapse. In most cases, the U-shape pipe is made from a straight pipe by complicated bending work. During this work process, plastic deformation of the pipe produces residual stress in the pipe. The residual stress significantly affects the fracture behavior of the pipe. In this paper, fatigues tests of U-shape bending pipe are performed by uniaxial testing machine and residual stresses were evaluated by FEM analysis. So we established the relation between residual stress and fatigue life. And we suggested new equation for fatigue life prediction using the residual stress of U-shape bending pipe.
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Han, Jae-Hyun, Dong-Jun Yeom, Jun-Sang Kim, and Young Suk Kim. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis of the Steel Pipe Pile Head Cutting Robot." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12103975.
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Steel pipe pile head cutting work is performed to adjust the horizontal levels of piles, and it is essential for the stable transfer of an upper structure load to the ground. However, the field survey results show that steel pipe pile head cutting process is highly dangerous as laborers especially deal with gas and plasma cutting machines. Moreover, the laborers are exposed to continuous risks because the piles are frequently felled, lifted, moved, and loaded using construction equipment, such as excavators, immediately after the piles are cut. Recently, the authors of this study developed a prototype of a steel pipe pile head cutting robot and verified its performance through laboratory experiments to improve work safety, productivity, and the quality of steel pipe pile head cutting work. The purpose of this study is to secure the economic feasibility of robot development and verify the sustainable utilization of a developed robot by analyzing the comprehensive performance and economic efficiency throughout the life cycle of a steel pipe pile head cutting robot developed in South Korea. In this study, sensitivity analysis was also performed on the variables expected to have a significant influence or variables that must be considered for the future commercialization of the developed robot. When the developed robot is applied to construction sites in the future, its ripple effects will be significant because it will be possible to prevent labor safety accidents, improve work productivity, secure uniform quality, and reduce input costs.
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Liu, Chun Yuan, Meng Xuan Zhao, and Yu Liu. "Reliability Analysis of the Vertical Bearing Capacity of Prestressed Pipe Pile Foundations." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.90.
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The paper introduces the basic principles of vertical bearing capacity of the pile by using static load test, establish the random site theory model of the bearing capacity of prestressed pipe pile foundations calculation, calculates and statistics the try count ratio of vertical bearing capacity of 144 prestressed pipe pile in Tianjin, work out calculation procedures of JC method, calculate reliability index of vertical bearing capacity and analyze calculation results. In the last, we build a model using the finite element software, analysis the displacement of pile top under earthquake, evaluates the horizontal bearing capacity of prestressed pipe pile.
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Mekcem, Maroua. "Nanofluids and heat pipe limitations." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.58.
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Given the high efficiency of heat pipes as heat transfer devices, which work with phase changing principle (evaporation and condensation) and without requiring any external energy input, the heat pipes have been utilized for many years in several areas. However, heat transfer in heat pipes is limited by physical phenomena which appear during its operation, called heat pipe limitations; these can limit and reduce its performance. At this state, the use of nanofluids instead of conventional fluids come a solution after that Choi and Eastman (1995) confirmed the feasibility of enhancing the thermal conductivity of fluids by adding nanoparticles. This paper represents a general description of heat pipes, including a brief historical perspective, principle of operation and explanation of main heat transfer limitations. The work shows the contribution of nanofluids in pushing back the heat pipe limitations.
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Bond, Natalie, and Linda Gemmell. "Experiences of prison officers on a Lifer Psychologically Informed Planned Environment." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 35, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-03-2014-0010.
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Purpose – Psychologically Informed Planned Environments (PIPEs) provide a pathway facility for offenders with complex needs, such as personality disorder; to maintain and develop the progress made on offending behaviour programmes (Ministry of Justice and Department of Health, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of prison officers who work on a PIPE in a Lifer prison. Design/methodology/approach – Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the experiences of five prison officers working on a PIPE in a Lifer prison. Findings – Main themes identified were labelled “Role Conflict”, “Growth”, “Relationships” and “Impact”. A rich and detailed account of the experience of the “voyage of discovery” and the personal challenges, costs and rewards of the PIPE work was achieved. Research limitations/implications – Limitations include the small number of participants, limited focus of the researchers, both Forensic Psychologists, and the uniqueness of the context, a Lifer prison. Limitations might be addressed by future research that could expand on the current findings. Implications for future research include further exploration of the psychological impact of the work, dynamics within the PIPE and the value of attachment theory in work with personality disordered offenders. Implications for future policy and practice concern training, support and the development of new PIPEs. Originality/value – The research adds a rich account of what it is like for these prison officers to work on a PIPE in a Lifer prison. The experiences shared reveal the personal challenge, costs and rewards of the work through which ideas to develop the staff, residents and the PIPE model emerged.
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Rajole, S., P. R. Sondar, S. Hiremath, and K. S. Ravishankar. "Failure Analysis of Industrial Discharge Hopper Pipe." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 5, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v5i1.5149.
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This work presents the detailed investigation and root cause analysis of catastrophic failure of an industrial discharge hopper pipe. The hopper pipe investigated in the present work is made of austenitic stainless steel, 316 grade, a commonly used grade for valves, pipes and heat exchanger tubes. The pipe fractured in transverse direction, leading to the failure of discharge pipe. Visual inspection, dye penetrant test, chemical analysis, microstructural analysis, and fractography analysis were carried out on the failed part and it was concluded that stress corrosion cracking led to the failure of hopper pipe. The pipe constantly being under the exposure of industrial water and the presence of chlorine content in it made it susceptible for stress corrosion cracking. Transgranular fracture was clearly observed in the microstructure of failed sample and spot EDX at the fracture location confirmed the presence of chlorine content. Further, fractography showed striations indicating fatigue loading. The work concluded that stress corrosion cracking as the root cause of failure.
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Zakarlyukin, S. I., and G. I. Koval’. "Pipes production by hot reducing at SKK-14 radial-forging machine." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 2 (March 10, 2019): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-2-242-246.
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At small-capacity production of pipes a process of pipes reducing at radial-forging machines can be effective for expanding of pipes assortment by diameter and wall thickness. Results of pilot work on hot reducing at radial-forging machine SKK14 of pipes, made of corrosion-resistant steels 12Х18Н10Т and 10Х23Н18. Based on analyses of known recommendations on pipes forming during reducing by longitudinal rolling at reducing mills, as well as at radial-forging and rotary-forging machines, it was recommended to use a known dependence Sр = S0/[1 – 0,0044(D0 – Dр)], usually applied for pipes rolling conditions at reducing mills, for predicting of reduced pipe wall thickening. To determine the pipes internal surface quality, a hot reducing of pipes made of 12Х18Н10Т steel was accomplished using different technological routes and taking into consideration a possibility of forming folds and laps on the surface. It was established that longitudinal folds (wrinkles) are not formed on the pipe internal surface at the pipe outer diameter decreasing by less than 30%, while the longitudinal folds (wrinkles) are formed at decreasing of the pipe outer diameter by more than 45%. Forging folds can be formed on the pipe internal surface at pipe outer diameter decreasing by more than 60%.
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GOGOLEV, G. V. "OPTION OF HEAT PIPES FOR COOLING OF MOLDS DURING INJECTION MOLDING PLASTICS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-347-3-57-62.
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In the article analyzed possibility using of heat pipes and two–phase thermal siphons in production plastic injection molding and die casting of zinc alloys. The advantages of heat pipes make it possible to use them to remove heat from hard–to–reach place of casting molds. Results of the comparative analyses of the work of various heat pipes are presented. The experimental researches were in the real temperature range of work carried out. The article gives recommendations on the option of capillary–porous structures and working fluids of heat pipes. The arterial heat pipe design proposed. The optimal geometric characteristics of mesh porous structure of this heat pipe are determined.
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KIM, SANG-YOUNG, JAE-MEAN KOO, and CHANG-SUNG SEOK. "EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL STRESS OF COPPER PIPE BY USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 11 (May 10, 2008): 1007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015759.
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In most cases, a straight pipe is used after complicated bending work in a mechanical system. In this work process, the plastic deformation of the pipe produces residual stress in the pipe. This residual stress significantly affects the behavior of pipe fracture. For this reason, residual stress must be evaluated. Measuring the residual stress of a U-shaped copper pipe is difficult with existing destructive and nondestructive measurement methods. In this paper, the residual stress of a U-shaped copper pipe (99.9% pure copper) was evaluated from the Raman shift by Raman spectroscopy and FEM analysis. Also, the results of the bending test by FEM analysis and experiments are compared. The analyzed results of Raman spectra had a similar tendency with the results of the FEM analysis in regard to the residual stress distributions in the U-shaped pipes. Also, the results of the bending tests were shown resemblance.
11
Bao, Hua, Jie Peng, Zhangjianing Cheng, Junqing Hong, and Yuan Gao. "Experimental Study on Inner Interface Mechanical Properties of the ESDCM Pile with Steel Core." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020486.
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The mechanical property of the pile-core–cement-soil interface is a crucial factor affecting the shaft capacity of the expanded stiffened deep-cement-mixing (ESDCM) pile. The research on the characteristics of the steel-pipe–cement-soil interface is very limited, and the conventional concrete–cement-soil interface research results cannot provide direct guidance for the engineering application of the steel-pipe–cement-soil combination pile. Hence, in this study, we employed a model pile with a steel-pipe–cement-soil combination. By using a confining pressure transfer test and an inner interface shear test, the influence of confining pressure on the inner interface and shear deformation of the inner interface were investigated. The results demonstrated that the lateral confining pressure has almost no effect on the inner interface due to the encapsulation of the soil-cement column. The interface shear experienced four stages: the steel pipe small deformation, which is the extra stage compared to the common concrete–cement-soil combination form; the whole pipe compression; the brittle failure; and the shear-slip stage. The peak shear stress at the interface is 194 KPa, and the corresponding pile core top displacement and core bottom displacement are 5.9 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively. The inner interface bond coefficient is only 0.052, indicating that even the smooth steel pipe can work closely with the cement-soil at a low bonding coefficient. Further optimization of the steel-pipe–cement-soil interface structure can be an essential means to improve the mechanical properties of the pile. When the upper load is transferred downward, it spreads around through the cement-soil, and as the load increases, the load that can finally be transferred to the deep part accounts for a relatively small amount, only about 7%. This work promotes the understanding of the interface mechanical properties of ESDCM piles and guides the application of an ESDCM pile with a steel core in practical engineering.
12
Lile, N. Liyana Tajul, Hasnul Hadi, and M. R. Roslan. "Vibration Analysis of Blocked Circular Pipe Flow." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.197.
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Pipes are found in almost all buildings and constructions where they are used to convey fluid to a desired location. Liquid containing foreign objects and impurities will sometimes creates unintentional built up or clog obstruction along the interior surface of the pipeline. This phenomenon may affect the fluid flow within the pipe. This work analyzed the impact of different blockage sizes inside a clear Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) circular pipe using vibration measurement. Observations were made on the fluid flow patterns during the flow. This work encompasses the correlation between blockage thickness inside a circular pipe and vibration parameters.
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Neumaier, Moritz, Stefan Kranemann, Bernd Kazmeier, and Stephan Rudolph. "Automated Piping in an Airbus A320 Landing Gear Bay Using Graph-Based Design Languages." Aerospace 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9030140.
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System design in an aircraft is still a costly, manual and iterative approach. One major cost driver of changes in system installation are design efforts for creating new pipes in an earlier stage and the costs accumulated during the in service life. To reduce these costs and the time to market, an automation approach with an integrated design optimization encoded in graph-based design languages and executable in a design compiler is proposed. To generate the pipe work automatically, a set of input data (e.g., start- and end-points of a pipe with tangents and fixing positions) is given by the user. It also contains, among others, the weightings for the optimization criteria (e.g., length of the pipe resp. the weight vs. the number of bends) to influence the evaluation of the generated pipes and thereby the final solution. As an initial step in the automatic pipe generation process, a route through the installation space is searched. Subsequently, the installation space is simplified and a respective minimal distance to each obstacle which a pipe should satisfy is added. Then for each pipe an initial solution is estimated and each pipe is optimized by a simulated annealing algorithm. At last, all given requirements are automatically verified. A carried out investigation indicates a polynomial runtime behaviour of the algorithm. The capabilities of the newly developed automated piping are demonstrated on the pipe work in an Airbus A320 landing gear bay.
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Stubbart, John. "Do Cameras Work for Pipe Inspection?" Opflow 31, no. 3 (March 2005): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2005.tb01791.x.
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Lertnuwat, Boonchai, Niravit Angariya, Wit Chaokijka, and Pratip Nuchjaroen. "Influence of Pipe Diameters on Shapes of Air Taylor Bubbles in Small Pipes Containing Stagnant Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (August 2014): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.18.
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The aim of the work is to computationally investigate the influence of pipe diameters on shapes of air Taylor bubbles in small pipes, containing stagnant water. The examined pipe diameters are selected between 6.5 and 11 mm so that flows around the bubbles are laminar. The proper Taylor bubble shape of each pipe size is determined by varying the bubble shape until the air pressure distribution inside the bubble is uniform. Computational results show that the Taylor bubble shape will be slenderer if the pipe diameter is larger.
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Puziuk, Jakub. "Polish-English Basic Dictionary of Archaeological Terminology of Modern Tobacco Pipe Findings with Elements of Pipe Production and Tobacco Smoking in the Modern Period." Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae 34 (December 13, 2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/fah34.2021.009.
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The aim of this work is to present the translation of professional terminology concerning tobacco pipes acquired by excavation methods, supplementing the already existing term base of concepts with a Polish-English translation, important in the context of the current research on this subject. This dictionary is a translation of the basic terms used in English-language works (also used in works of researchers from Central and Eastern Europe) concerning descriptions of tobacco pipe remains (based on finds of stub-stemmed pipes, one-piece clay pipes and porcelain pipes) in archaeological research, the production of such paraphernalia and elements of history of tobacco smoking, which were additionally supplemented with terms currently used in Polish archaeological literature. This dictionary should be treated as a contribution to further work on standardisation of European archaeological terminology, which should provide an aid for both specialists and enthusiasts reaching for professional literature on antique pipes.
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Zhang, Zongyuan, Hongyuan Fang, Bin Li, and Fuming Wang. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete Pipes with Pre-Existing Cracks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041545.
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Concrete pipes are the most widely used municipal drainage pipes in China. When concrete pipes fall into years of disrepair, numerous problems appear. As one of the most common problems of concrete pipes, cracks impact on the deterioration of mechanical properties of pipes, which cannot be ignored. In the current work, normal concrete pipes and those with pre-existing cracks are tested on a full scale under an external compressive load. The effects of the length, depth, and location of cracks on the bearing capacity and mechanical properties of the concrete pipes are quantitatively analyzed. Based on the full-scale tests, three-dimensional finite element models of normal and cracked concrete pipes are developed, and the measured results are compared with the data of the finite element analysis. It is clear that the test measurements are in good agreement with the simulation results; the bearing capacity of a concrete pipe is inversely proportional to the length and depth of the crack, and the maximum circumferential strain of the pipe occurs at the location of the crack. The strain of the concrete pipe also reveals three stages of elasticity, plasticity, and failure as the external load rises. Finally, when the load series reaches the limit of the failure load of the concrete pipe with pre-existing cracks, the pipe breaks along the crack position.
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Kong, Desen, Meixu Deng, and Yu Xu. "Study on Calculation of Pile Sliding Interval of Large-Diameter Steel Pipe Piles on Offshore Platforms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (April 23, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3549296.
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In ocean engineering, pile sliding often occurs in the driving process of large-diameter pipe piles and will affect the engineering quality, so accurate pile sliding interval is necessary. According to the stress situation of steel pipe pile out of actual engineering, the causes of pile sliding are analysed. Using the static equilibrium equation, the mud depth at which the pipe pile may slip is calculated. The influence of pile siding friction was considered when calculating the second pile sliding, and the pile siding friction is divided into three influential areas. Using integrating method, the work done by pile resistance is calculated. Combined with the working principle and power principle, the energy transformation equation of the pipe pile in the process of sliding is obtained, and the sliding length and interval of the pile are calculated. A comparison between the measured results and the real case calculation was conducted using this new method. The comparison indicated that the total relative errors in pile sliding interval are 8% to 16%, and the new method has high accuracy. The results of the new method are in accord with the measured data, which can provide a reference for predicting the interval of pile sliding in the project.
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Oka, Kiyoshi, Masataka Nakahira, Kou Taguchi, and Akira Ito. "Development of Bore Tools for Pipe Inspection." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 2 (April 20, 1998): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0110.
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In the International Thermonuclear Reactor (ITER), replacement and maintenance on in-vessel components requires that all cooling pipes connected be cut and removed, that a new component be installed, and that all cooling pipes be rewelded. After welding is completed, welded area must be inspected for soundness. These tasks require a new work concept for securing shielded area and access from narrow ports. Tools had to be developed for nondestructive inspection and leak testing to evaluate pipe welding soundness by accessing areas from inside pipes using autonomous locomotion welding and cutting tools. A system was proposed for nondestructive inspection of branch pipes and the main pipe after passing through pipe curves, the same as for welding and cutting tool development. Nondestructive inspection and leak testing sensors were developed and the basic parameters were obtained. In addition, the inspection systems which can move inside pipes and conduct the nondestructive inspection and the leak testing were developed. In this paper, an introduction will be given to the current situation concerning the development of nondestructive inspection and leak testing machines for the branch pipes.
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Orolu, Kehinde O., Theophilus A. Fashanu, and Ayo A. Oyediran. "Cusp bifurcation of slightly curved tensioned pipe conveying hot pressurized fluid." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 5 (November 27, 2018): 1109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318813401.
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In the course of operation of pipes conveying high temperature-high pressure fluid, unexpected behaviors leading to catastrophic failures have been observed. These have been attributed to uncertainties arising from issues not adequately addressed in the design. Sources of such uncertainties include geometric imperfection of the pipe and temperature variation. The perfectly straight pipe is assumed in most designs, but it is an idealization that does not exist in practice. In a bid to reduce the number of uncertainties in design and operation, a model governing nonlinear vibration of tensioned pipes conveying hot pressurized fluid that accounts for the geometric imperfection of the pipe is developed in this work. Coupled nonlinear equations of motion in both axial and transverse directions are obtained and solved using the eigenfunction expansion method. The influence of initial curvature, temperature, and the longitudinal vibration on the pipe are investigated. The results obtained show that a pipe with geometric imperfection exhibits cusp bifurcation and not supercritical pitchfork bifurcation.
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Bjorklund, I. "Structural design of pressure pipes." Water Supply 1, no. 3 (June 1, 2001): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0058.
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There exist various methods for structural design of buried pressure pipes. However, it must be remembered that sophisticated design methods needs a significant supervision of the construction work to be reliable. The need for detailed calculations varies for different materials. Ductile iron (DCI) pipes have high strength properties and for most DCI pipe installations a design check against EN 545 is fully sufficient as regards the structural design. Glass fibre reinforced polyester (GRP) pipes have a limited strainability and are thus highly dependent on the quality of the installation work. It is recommendable to check that the combined strain of the load cases which the pipe shall be designed for does not exceed the allowable strain for the pipe material. Polyethylene (PE) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes are flexible pipes with a high strainability. The allowable working pressure for these pipes will normally be determined by the PN class and the operating temperature and the need for structural design calculations is limited. It is interesting to note that PE pipes which have the lowest strength properties of all of the above mentioned materials have the lowest failure rate. The latter shows that it is not just the tensile strength, but other factors such as strainability and corrosion resistance which affect the structural performance of buried pipelines.
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Govindaraj, P., and Mouleeswaran Senthilkumar. "Performance Analysis of Thin Shell Bends under High Pressure and Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.296.
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Around 70% of the cost in piping industry is spent in the pipe manufacturing with optimum design of pipes without defects. Research on design of pipes has gained importance from the last decade. There are numerous methods being developed to improve the efficiency of piping units considering various parameters. The pipe tends to flatten when they are forced to bend, this geometrical changes has a significant role in the acceptability criteria of pipes. It is necessary to bend pipes in order to transmit liquid or gas from one place to other place. In this work special attention is given to pipe bends because of high stress concentration due to various loading conditions. From several kinds of piping systems, process piping systems are chosen for analysis since pipes used here transport important and hazardous materials. Damage to such piping system can cause serious loss to economy and human lives. The geometrical imperfection associated with bending of pipes is ovality. This degree of ovality determines the acceptance of pipes. Thickening and thinning effects cause additional problems like large plastic deformation and loss of flexibility respectively. Hence estimation of the best degree of ovality is required. In this work effect of ovality is estimated by taking the internal fluid pressure and In plane bending moment into account.
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Boukhari, Imed, Lotfi Zeghadnia, Fares Laouacheria, Araibia Ahmed Salah, Abdelkrim Guebail, Jean Loup Robert, and Lakhdar Djemili. "Design of Collection System Parameters Using Known Reference Pipe Method (KRPM)." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210025.
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The storm water drainage network is generally calculated based on the Manning equation, where the slope, roughness of the pipe wall, and flow are known, while conversely the velocity, diameter, and hydraulic radius are unknown characteristics, although they are very important for the work done by a hydraulic engineer who needs these parameters to find their values, including the students taking coursework relating to waste-water engineering. The computation of these parameters in partially full pipes and based on the Manning equation is implicit and needs to be computed using iterative and laborious methods. In this paper, a new, simple and easy method is presented based on a reference pipe with known characteristics (Known Reference Pipe Method: KRPM), as well as the effect of the up-pipe parameters on the down-pipes according to each case that is possible through the watershed drainage system arrangement, for both full and partially filled circular pipes.
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Abdullah, Fadhel Abbas, and Omar Emad Shukry. "Effect of Combined Stresses on Fiber- Epoxy Composite Curved Pipe." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubes.v26i7.1486.
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The aim of this research is to study the behavior of fiber epoxy composite curve pipe under internal pressure and bending moment. The specimens made from woven roving (Mat) fiber glass pipes and epoxy composite with 50% volume fraction are used to manufacturing curved pipe. The experimental work included manufacturing pipe specimens by vacuum bag technique. Pipe specimens were having 100mm inner diameter, 450 mm length of curvature center line of curve pipe with (43 degree) and two wall thickness are 4 and 3 mm. The test rig was designed and performed to study the effect of internal pressure and bending moment on the composite pipes. Also, the tensile test of the samples was done. The analytical expression solution has been accomplished to determine the strain, stress, for hoop and longitudinal direction. It is evident that the hoop stress for woven roving fiber composite pipe was more than longitudinal stress by almost (14%). The maximum internal pressure in the case of internal pressure only was more than compared to the combined internal pressure with bending moment by almost (115%). The most dangerous region is found in the inner arc of the curved pipe (intrude) area.
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Fattah, Mohammed Yousif, Waqed Hammed Hassan, and Sajjad Emad Rasheed. "Behavior of Flexible Buried Pipes Under Geocell Reinforced Subbase Subjected to Repeated Loading." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2018010102.
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The present article constitutes an experimental investigation of the behavior of buried PVC pipes. A number of laboratory experiments were conducted using PVC pipes which were buried in a medium sand layer, below a subbase layer, reinforced with geocells. They were subject to repeated dynamic load amplitudes of 0.5 and 1 ton and loading frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 2 Hz, to study the effects of the geocell reinforcement layer, in terms of the amount of stress reaching the pipe crown and the vibration of the pipe. A 3D numerical model was also developed to investigate the performance of the geocell above the buried pipe. The predicted characteristics of the buried pipes were validated using the experimental data. The results showed that geocell reinforcement decreases both crown vibration by 35%, and the vertical pressure reaching the pipe by 41%. The numerical models have a good fit with the experimental work results, both confirming that geocell reinforcement has a significant role to play regarding increasing the safety of pipes.
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van Laarhoven, Karel, Jip van Steen, Frank van der Hulst, and Hector Hernandez Delgadillo. "CT Scans of Asbestos Cement Pipes as a Reference for Condition Assessment of Water Mains." Water 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172391.
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The water distribution network of The Netherlands contains around 30,000 km of asbestos cement (AC) pipes, which constitutes around 25% of the total network. As a pipe material, AC has a relatively poor performance, and therefore is a high priority for renewal. To help decide an effective order of replacement, the water utilities need condition assessment techniques that help them determine which pipes have the highest risk of failure. In the presented work, X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to measure the degradation of AC pipes taken out of the field. These scans provide a description of the pipe degradation with unmatched detail. The results are compared with strength tests performed on the same pipes, revealing that detailed knowledge of the complete pipe degradation is more important than previously assumed. Moreover, comparison of the CT results to those of a commercial, non-destructive inspection technique was used as a new avenue for validation of this technique, demonstrating its future usefulness for attaining the detailed measurement of pipe degradation required by water utilities.
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Owowo, Julius, and S. Olutunde Oyadiji. "Finite element analysis and experimental measurement of acoustic wave propagation for leakage detection in an air-filled pipe." International Journal of Structural Integrity 8, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-12-2015-0061.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to employ the acoustic wave propagation method for leakage detection in pipes. The first objective is to use acoustic finite element analysis (AFEA) method to simulate acoustic wave propagation and acoustic wave reflectometry in an intact pipe and in pipes with leaks of various sizes. This is followed by the second objective which is to validate the effectiveness and the practicability of the acoustic wave method via experimental testing. The third objective involves the decomposition and de-noising of the measured acoustic waves using stationary wavelet transform (SWT). It is shown that this approach, which is used for the first time on leakage detection in pipes, can be used to identify, locate and estimate the size of a leakage defect in a pipe. Design/methodology/approach The research work was designed inline with best practices and acceptable standards. The research methodology focusses on five basic areas: literature review; experimental measurements; simulations; data analysis and writing-up of the study with clear-cut communication of the findings. The approach used was acoustic wave propagation-based method in conjunction with SWT for leakage detection in fluid-filled pipe. Findings First, the simulation of acoustic wave propagation and acoustic wave reflectometry in fluid-filled pipes with and without leakage have great potential in leakage detection in pipeline systems and can detect very small leaks of 1 mm diameter. Second, the measured noise-contaminated acoustic wave propagation in a fluid-filled pipe can be successfully de-noised using the SWT method in order to clearly identify and locate leakage as little as 5 mm diameter in a pipe. Third, AFEA of a fluid-filled pipe can be achieved with the simulation of only the fluid content of the pipe and without the inclusion of the pipe in the model. This eliminates contact interaction of the solid pipe walls and the fluid, and as a consequence reduces computational time and resources. Fourth, the relationship of the ratio of the leakage diameter to the ratio of the first and second secondary wave amplitudes caused by the leakage can be represented by a second-order polynomial function. Fifth, the identification of leakage in a pipe is intuitive from mere comparison of the acoustic waveforms of an intact pipe with that of a pipe with a leakage. Originality/value The research work is a novelty and was developed from the scratch. The AFEA of acoustic wave propagation and acoustic wave reflectometry in a static fluid-filled pipe, and the SWT method have been used for the first time to detect, locate and estimate the size of a leakage in a fluid-filled pipe.
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Natarajan, R., and S. Mirza. "Effect of Internal Pressure on Flexibility Factors in Pipe Elbows With End Constraints." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264406.
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Finite element method has been used in the present work to study the stress distribution in an elbow with end constraints subjected to in-plane moment and pressure. Elbows of short radius (R/r) with varying pipe factors and bend angles have been considered. Present numerical results show for all elbow angles that follower pipe factors (thin pipes) the internal pressure reduces the flexibility factor by a larger amount than for elbows having larger pipe factors. These results are in line with the conclusions published earlier.
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Elvin Seyfullayev, Elvin Seyfullayev. "IMPORTANCE OF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, USE OF CONCRETE WEIGHTING AND INSULATION MEASURES, USED DURING PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 11, no. 07 (November 5, 2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei1107202162.
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It was determined that the advantages and importance of pipeline transportation are related to the priority of environmental measures, the fact that costs are within the norm, and the possibility of uninterrupted transportation regardless of the season. Of the transportation methods, special attention was paid to pipe transportation, which is considered to be the most efficient. At the design stage of the pipeline, the organization of repair work during the operation of the pipeline and the capital investment allocated for construction are referred to the criteria of optimality. Although there are many technologies for pipeline aggravation, the most common of these is aggregation with a concrete coating layer. It is known that pipes with a diameter of 530 mm and a wall thickness of 14 mm are used during pipe laying in offshore areas. For concrete treatment of these pipes, it is recommended to use 400-500 grade slag portland or putty cement, especially in the marine environment. Waterproofing is considered suitable for protecting submarine pipes from wear. For the implementation of the waterproofing layer, it is recommended to use either brizol or insulation in construction. An important factor is the provision of special insulation measures in the open part of the pipe after welding, which is explained in the article. Welding must be performed in accordance with the standard and welding materials must be licensed. There are many technologies for welding. Manual arc welding has the widest field of application. Prior to welding, there are important works that can affect the quality of work, including heating the pipe and sawing the pipe ring. The differences between the post-heated welding process of the pipe and the unheated welding process are known from production experience. During operation, the pipeline is affected by climate change and loads (various shock effects; seismic; as well as ripples if submerged; underwater currents, etc.). If the weld is as strong as the base metal, it will continue to do so. This strength can also be achieved by the absence of temperature differences during welding. Keywords: pipe, pump, concrete coating, insulation, welding.
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Ariyanti, Silvi, Lamto Widodo, Muhammad Zulkarnain, and Kevin Timotius. "DESIGN WORK STATION OF PIPE WELDING WITH ERGONOMIC APPROACH." SINERGI 23, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2019.2.003.
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The activity of welding specimens on a big pipe that causes various problems for the body, in this activity the worker is at a risky position such as lifting a pipe weight 90 kg, lifting the specimen and welding the pipe with the specimen and the final process is to lower the pipe that has been connected. The purpose of this study is to design workstation by the principles of ergonomics to help reduce physical worker complaints. The research method in this study was the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to determine complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs); the work posture was analyzed by the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the welding work requires a tool in the form of a bench, pipe support, a pulley used at a new welding workstation. With a new workstation, poor work posture can be repaired. With a new work station, there is an efficiency of 8.33 minutes of work time from previous working conditions.
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Sobolenko, Oleksandr, Petro Drozhzha, Nataliia Dorosh, and Lina Petrechuk. "ACCURACY WALL SICKNESS OF HOT-DEFORMED PIPES STATISTICAL ANALISIS." Modern Problems of Metalurgy, no. 23 (March 27, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1991-7848.2020.01.11.
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Pipe-rolling units with an automatic mill are a aggregate production complex that produces hot-rolled pipes of various sizes. The technological process of seamless pipes production, has many stages: flashing the billet into a sleeve, longitudinal rolling in gauge, running in a oblique rolling mill, calibrating and reducing the diameter. Each stage significantly affects the accuracy of the geometric dimensions of the pipes. One of the main parameters characterizing the accuracy of the pipes is their transverse difference namely the size and the nature of the distribution of the pipe wall thickness in the cross section. A significant reserve for saving metal is increasing the accuracy of seamless pipes to avoid different pipe wall thickness. Different pipe wall thickness makes it difficult to get quality pipe screw-thread.The conditions of metal deformation at an injection molding machine with an automatic machine do not exclude the presence of fluctuation of the pipe wall thickness. The best characteristic of the accuracy of finished pipes will be the knowledge of quantitative indicators of the transverse difference of their end sections. The purpose of this work is to determine the variation in wall thickness of hot-rolled casing by means of mathematical statistics methods.The use of statistical data processing methods makes it possible to predict the seamless pipe difference indicator. A statistical analysis of the wall thickness indicator of the end sections showed a high ratio of wall thickness symmetry. An effective way to minimize the symmetric difference component is to optimize the deformation modes along the pipe wall. In this case, a graphical analysis of the distribution of wall thickness showed that the actual difference varies in stochastic dependence. To clarify the general form of the random periodic component of such a dependence, it is advisable to apply methods of harmonic analysis, which will allow us to develop a mathematical model for determining the accuracy of pipes.
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Deepak, B. B. V. L., M. V. A. Raju Bahubalendruni, and B. B. Biswal. "Development of in-pipe robots for inspection and cleaning tasks." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 4, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-07-2016-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the reviews of past research work on various in-pipe robotic systems and their operations. This investigation has been focussed on the implemented methodologies for performing in-pipe cleaning and inspection tasks. Design/methodology/approach This work has been concentrated on review of various sensors used in robots to perform in-pipes inspection operation for determining flaws/cracks, corrosion-affected areas, blocks and coated paint thickness. Various actuators like DC motors, servo motors, pneumatic operated and hydraulic operated are discussed in this review analysis to control the motion of various mechanical components of the robot. Findings In the current analysis, categorisation of various pipe cleaning robots according to their mechanical structure has been addressed. A lot of information has been gathered regarding the control of in-pipe robots for performing inspection and cleaning tasks. Originality/value In this paper, various in-pipe cleaning and inspection techniques have been studied. Necessary information provided regarding different types of in-pipe robots like PIG, wall-pressed, walking, wheel and inchworm. This investigation provides a through literature on various types of sensors like ultrasonic, magnetic, touch, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, X-ray, etc., that have been used for inspection and detection of flaws in the pipe.
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AGASHEVA, Elena, Alexey AGASHEV, Alena GUDIMOVA, Elena MALYGINA, Vasiliy CHERVYAKOVSKY, Natalia PRUSAKOVA, Vladimir SHCHUKIN, Yuri GOLUBEV, and Nikolay POKHILENKO. "Garnet composition from kimberlites of the Arkhangelsk region as a proxy for diamond prospectivity." Domestic geology, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-7175-2022-10005.
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We showed the effectiveness of the various existing methods applied for the determination of the diamond prospectivity of kimberlite pipes based on the composition of garnets on the examples of high-grade diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes V. Grib and Arkhangelsk and low-grade kimberlite pipe TsNIGRI-Arkhangelsk, located in the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province. The reasons for the low diamond grade of the TsNIGRI-Arkhangelskaya pipe are revealed. The results of this work allowed us to determine the analytical procedure for studying the garnet grains extracted from panned samples and magmatic bodies in order to assess the potential diamond grade of prospected areas in order to plan subsequent exploration and appraisal work in the Arkhangelsk region.
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Werner, Krzysztof, and Wlodzimierz Baranowski. "The Critical Size of Defect in Polyethylene Pipes because of their Cracking." Key Engineering Materials 598 (January 2014): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.598.249.
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In the work the possibility of the rapid crack propagation was analyzed in pipe made from polyethylene with the internal defect about the shape of the elliptical fissure. Pipes made from polyethylene are applied to the building of water-pipes. Critical dimension of such fissure was calculated because of the possibility of rapid cracking the pipe in low temperatures. Calculations were carried out for the nominal pressure during the exploitation of the pipeline and for raised pressure in the test of the tightness of the pipeline. Residual stresses resulting from the production engineering of pipes were also considered in the analysis.
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Neilands, K., M. Bernats, and J. Rubulis. "Accumulation and modeling of particles in drinking water pipe fittings." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 5, no. 1 (September 3, 2012): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-5-47-2012.
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Abstract. The effect of pipe fittings (mainly T-pieces) on particle accumulation in drinking water distribution networks were shown in this work. The online measurements of flow and turbidity for cast iron, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride pipe sections were linked with analysis of pipe geometry. Up to 0.29 kg of the total amount mobilized in T-pieces ranging from DN 100/100–DN 250/250. The accumulated amount of particles in fittings was defined as J and introduced into the existing turbidity model PODDS (prediction of discoloration in distribution systems) proposed by Boxall et al. (2001) which describes the erosion of particles leading to discoloration events in drinking water network viz sections of straight pipes. However, this work does not interpret mobilization of particles in pipe fittings which have been considered in this article. T-pieces were the object of this study and depending of the diameter or daily flow velocity, the coefficient J varied from 1.16 to 8.02. The study showed that pipe fittings act as catchment areas for particle accumulation in drinking water networks.
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Liu, Yuanliang, Yinan Qiu, Zhan Liu, and Gang Lei. "Modeling and Analysis of the Flow Characteristics of Liquid Hydrogen in a Pipe Suffering from External Transient Impact." Energies 15, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114154.
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Pipes can be subjected to external transient impacts such as accidental collision, which affects the safe operation of storage and transportation systems for liquid hydrogen. Fluid–structure coupling calculation for a pipe under external transient impact is performed, and the flow characteristics of liquid hydrogen in the pipe are analyzed. The pipe deforms and vibrates when suffering from external transient impact. Liquid hydrogen pressure in a cross-section plane increases along the pipe deformation direction. Additionally, external transient impact enhances the disturbance of liquid hydrogen near the pipe wall. The increased flow resistance and the energy induced by the deformed pipe both affect the flow of liquid hydrogen, and contribute to the fluctuated characteristics of liquid pressure drop. In addition, the phase state of liquid hydrogen remains unchanged in the pipe, indicating that little of the induced energy is transformed into the internal energy of liquid hydrogen. The work provides theoretical guidance for the safe operation of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation systems.
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Ishikawa, Yoshinobu, and Hidetake Shiire. "Development of a Maintenance Work Robot for Large Diameter Water Piping – A Vacuum-Cleaning Vehicle Robot –." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 5 (October 20, 1995): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0367.
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This paper describes a field test of a maintenance robot for water pipes. The results of the test, in addition to the actual movement of the robot along the walls while maintaining sufficient suction levels, the cleaning of the pipe insides, etc., have proved that the new robot would be practical.
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Hrabovský, Peter, Zuzana Kolková, Marián Mokrý, and Patrik Nemec. "Basic CFD model of heat pipe." MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816802014.
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The article deals with the creation of the basis of the CFD model of the heat pipe, which is designed to simulate and show the predicted course of the work-fluid-activity within the heat pipe. This simulation is part of the study of the heat pipe device. This device, based on CFD simulation, can be constructed to describe the phenomena running inside the heat pipe based on real-world experimental measurements. A comparison of the CFD and the experimental model can explain the problems of areas and phenomena in the heat pipe. Based on this comparison, it is possible to optimize single device errors. The optimization transferred to the CFD model will show us how to solve problems and how to improve the experimental models of heat pipes.
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Bhudolia, S. K., S. Fischer, P. G. He, Chee Yoon Yue, Sunil C. Joshi, and J. L. Yang. "Design, Manufacturing and Testing of Filament Wound Composite Risers for Marine and Offshore Applications." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.337.
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The major challenge for producing and manufacturing risers for oil and gas production is to make them light weight so as to reduce the operational cost and improve the overall system requirements to make them an attractive option for marine and offshore industries. In the current research, the composite and metal-composite pipes (1) GFRP only (2) Al-GFRP and (3) PE-GFRP have been manufactured using filament winding machine operated using CADFIL and CADWIND CNC packages. The use of liners (Al and PE) has ensured the fluid tightness and collapse resistance of the pipe system. Small prototype pipes are manufactured based on optimized pipe design parameters for collapse under external pressure and burst under internal pressure using ANSYS 13 FEA analysis software. Experiments are conducted to verify the axial and hoop compressive strengths of the pipes with analytical results. The details of pipe manufacturing process using filament winding machine, simulation procedure to optimize the pipe parameters and validation of the simulation results with experimental results are the focal points of the current work.
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Zhang, Chuntao, and Ian D. Moore. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for Thermoplastic Pipes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1624, no. 1 (January 1998): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1624-26.
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Thermoplastic pipes are being used increasingly for water supply lines, storm sewers, and leachate collection systems in landfills. To facilitate limit states design for buried polymer pipes, nonlinear constitutive models have recently been developed to characterize the highly nonlinear and time-dependent material behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These models have been implemented in a finite element program to permit structural analysis for buried HDPE pipes and to provide information regarding performance limits of the structures. Predictions of HDPE pipe response under parallel plate loading and hoop compression in a soil cell are reported and compared with pipe response measured in laboratory tests. Effects on the structural performance of pipe material nonlinearity, geometrical nonlinearity, and backfill soil properties were investigated. Good correlations were found between the finite element predictions and the experimental measurements. The models can be used to predict pipe response under many different load histories (not just relaxation or creep). Work is ongoing to develop nonlinear constitutive models for polyvinylchloride and polypropylene to extend the predictive capability of the finite element model to these materials.
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Farid, Z., Z. Najam, M. Y. A. Khan, S. Ahmed, and S. Akhtar. "Perspectives of Water Level Measurement in Plastic Pipes Using Wideband Horn Antenna." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 3624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2425.
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This paper is concerned with the investigation of a possible working principle of a microwave sensor for the measurement of water levels in plastic pipes. According to the research, most current sensors for water level measurement require an unobstructed path from the sensor in the water and therefore, the integrity of the pipes, in which water flows, will be compromised. The proposed sensor will work at microwave frequencies to measure the flow in the pipes from the outside. This would be non-invasive and non-intrusive. A beam of microwave energy from an antenna is directed towards a water surface within a pipe and the reflection due to the surface of the water will be isolated and knowledge of the pipe dimensions and properties will allow the depth of water to be calculated. Knowledge of the pipe drop may also allow flow to be estimated. It is observed that at microwave frequencies the reflection from the surface of the water is many times greater than the reflection from the surface of a typical plastic pipe.
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Sugiyanto, Didik, and Egar Ruli Anmar. "ANALISA SISTEM PERPIPAAN POMPA SENTRIFUGAL 1500 GPM PADA MOBIL PEMADAM KEBAKARAN." JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 3, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v3i2.1416.
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Tujuan untuk mengetahui sistem kerja pompa mobil pemadam kebakaran (fire truck), mengetahui sistem perpipaan fluida (air) pada mobil pemadam kebakaran, mengetahui ukuran pipa yang bagus digunakan pada pompa sentrifugal 1500 gpm pada mobil pemadam kebakaran. Dalam penelitian ini akan fokus meneliti perbedaan debit air, kecepatan pompa dan head loss pada pipa dengan ukuran 4in, 5in dan 6in. Sehingga dapat menentukan ukuran pipa terbaik yang digunakan dalam pompa sentrifugal 1500 gpm. Kemudian peneliti melakukan penelitiaannya di PT. Pundarika Atma Semesta yang beralamat Bogor, Jawa Barat. Peneliti menyiapakan bahan dan alat yang diperlukan. Peneliti menggunakan alat tes berupa Flow test. Selanjutnya peneliti melakukan percobaan terhadap 3 ukuran pipa tersebut sehingga memperoleh hasil debit air sebagai berikut 0,065 m³/detik 0,069 m³/detik dan 0,077 m³/detik. Dan kecepatan aliran 8 m/detik, 5,5 m/detik dan 4,22 m/detik. Dan Head Losses 0,051 meter, 0,019 meter dan 0,009 meterKata kunci: pipa, debit , kecepatan , head lossesAbstractIn this study aims to determine the fire pump work system of fire truck, know the fluid piping system on fire engines, knowing the good size of the pipe used in the 1500 gpm centrifugal pump on fire engines. In this study will focus on examining differences in water discharge, pump speed and head losses on pipes of size 4 in, 5 in and 6 in. so that it can determine the best pipe size used in centrifugal pump 1500 gpm. Then the researchers conducted their research at PT Pundarika Atma Semesta the address at Bogor, West Java. The researcher prepares the necessary materials and tools. The researchers used a test instrument in the form of a flow test. Then the researchers conducted an experiment on 3 sizes of the pipe so as to obtain the results of the water discharge as follows 0,065 m³/s , 0,069 m³/s and 0,077 m³/s. and flow speed 8 m/s, 5,5 m/s and 4,22 m/s. and head losses 0,051 m, 0,019 m and 0,009 m. Keywords: pipe, discharge, speed, head losses
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Lyu, Yuanli, Wenjie Liu, Tin-tai Chow, Hua Su, and Xuejun Qi. "Pipe-work optimization of water flow window." Renewable Energy 139 (August 2019): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.078.
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Li, Fu Hai, Yue Zhong Ye, and Yan Ke Yang. "Study on Frost-Resistant Experiments of Concrete for High Speed Railway Pile Foundation Protection." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.603.
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. In order to protect cast-in place piles of high speed railway bridge, steel pipes which used to be used during the work progress are left forever to increase the durability of concrete piles. The relative experiments are carried out indoor. On one hand, steel pipe can separate the concrete from exterior environment; on the other hand, under the condition of freezing, steel pipe can produce hoop effect to the concrete which can reduce crack expansion stress because of frost heave. Mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength about steel pipe concrete are studied. The conclusion shows that the durability of concrete piles with steel pipe protection is much better than common concrete piles with no protection.
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M. Aly, Abdelraheem. "Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics for MHD double-diffusive natural convection of a nanofluid in a cavity containing an oscillating pipe." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 882–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-06-2019-0461.
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Purpose This paper aims to adopt incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method to simulate MHD double-diffusive natural convection in a cavity containing an oscillating pipe and filled with nanofluid. Design/methodology/approach The Lagrangian description of the governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using improved ISPH method. The inner oscillating pipe is divided into two different pipes as an open and a closed pipe. The sidewalls of the cavity are cooled with a lower concentration C_c and the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The inner pipe is heated with higher concentration C_h. The analysis has been conducted for the two different cases of inner oscillating pipes under the effects of wide range of governing parameters. Findings It is found that a suitable oscillating pipe makes a well convective transport inside a cavity. Presence of the oscillating pipe has effects on the heat and mass transfer and fluid intensity inside a cavity. Hartman parameter suppresses the velocity and weakens the maximum values of the stream function. An increase on Hartman, Lewis and solid volume fraction parameters leads to an increase on average Nusselt number on an oscillating pipe and left cavity wall. Average Sherwood number on an oscillating pipe and left cavity wall decreases as Hartman parameter increases. Originality/value The main objective of this work is to study the MHD double-diffusive natural convection of a nanofluid in a square cavity containing an oscillating pipe using improved ISPH method.
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Ren, Cai Xia. "Precast Concrete Pipe Pile Perfusion Control System Design." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3920.
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The paper introduces the work process and control requirements of precast concrete pipe pile perfusion. Th design is based on the S7-200PLC and AE80THTD touch screen control system. It elaborates the hardware components of control system, I / O configuration, software workflow and control chart. The practical operation shows that the control system is convenient to manufacture, install and commission, easy to operate, and it is stable and reliable.
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Jha, Kailash, and Manish Kumar Mishra. "Object-oriented integrated algorithms for efficient water pipe network by modified Hardy Cross technique." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa006.
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Abstract In this work, object-oriented integrated algorithms for an efficient flow analysis of the water pipe network are developed. This is achieved by treating the pipe network as a graph data structure with its nodes as the graph’s nodes and the pipes as the edges. The algorithm for cycle (real cycle or pseudo-cycle) extraction has been developed using nested breadth-first search that gives ordered cycles. Pseudo-loops are found using the shortest path algorithm between the nodes. Pipes are initialized loop by loop using conservation of mass at nodes. A modified Hardy Cross method is used in the proposed work with third-order convergence. The friction factor is updated for every change in discharges. The pressure calculation has been done by the graph traversal algorithm between the reference nodes and node where the pressure is to be calculated using the energy equation. The pressure at all intermediate nodes is obtained in the course of the traversal. Balanced discharges and nodal pressure in the pipe network are compared with the simultaneous loop flow adjustment method and EPANET software. The proposed work gives more efficient flow analysis than the traditional Newton–Raphson-based techniques for complex networks.
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Sriram, V., and B. Kanimozhi. "Investigation of the Effect of Different Materials on Uniform Heat Distribution Over a Solar Collector Pipe." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2021–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8842.
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Collector pipe used in solar power plant is a device for converting water from ambient temperature to the raised temperature which in turn used to rotate turbine blades. The raise in temperature is not that much when compared to thermal or nuclear power plant, so researches are going on for improving the heat carrying capacity of collector pipes. The productivity in pipe directly depends on the factors such as solar radiation incident on it, temperature distribution over the pipe, surrounding temperature, material of the pipeline used, and thickness of the pipe. When comparing to all of such parameters, the temperature distribution over the pipe is the main parameter which determines the performance of the collector pipe. For a particular type of solar collector pipe, the temperature distribution is function of length with day variation of solar incidence over it. In this work a collector pipe of length 2.2 m and 7 cm diameter is fabricated and tested under standard laboratory conditions for the uniform heat dissemination over the pipe. For keeping up the uniform temperature over the collector pipe, it is necessary to wound the pipe with metals like copper, aluminum. The results show that the heat distribution over the pipe is increased in case of copper when compared with aluminium.
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Kovalchuk, Vitalii, Roman Rybak, Bogdan Parneta, Artur Onyshchenko, and Roksolyana Kvasnytsya. "Determining patterns of the deformed state of the transport concrete pipe reinforced with a metal clamp under the action of static load." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 7 (119) (October 31, 2022): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265813.
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The object of this study is a concrete pipe and a pipe whose integrity was restored using a metal clamp while filling the layer between the existing pipe and the metal clamp with self-expanding concrete mortar. It has been established that the most common types of defects and damage to pipes on the roads are transverse and longitudinal cracks, as well as concrete chipping and spalling. A procedure has been devised to test experimentally a new concrete pipe without reinforcement and a concrete pipe reinforced with a metal clamp under static load. Experimental tests of the concrete pipe without reinforcement and with reinforcement with a metal clamp were carried out in the laboratory. Digital indicators, an analog-to-digital converter, and a personal computer were used to measure pipe deformations. It was found that the maximum value of vertical deformations of a new concrete pipe before cracking was 4.75 mm, and that reinforced by a metal clamp – 4.36 mm. At the same time, the maximum deformation at which the destruction of the new pipe occurred was 6.36 mm, and that of the reinforced pipe with a metal clamp – 10.51 mm. It was established that the reinforcement of the destroyed pipe with a metal clamp in the initial period of loading leads to detachment of the clamp from the concrete of the pipe. Further, when the clamps are included in the work, there is a stable operation of the concrete pipe and the amount of growth of pipe deformations increases smoothly. The results of measuring vertical deformations at the top of the pipe without reinforcement and with it showed different deformation values. It was established that the complete destruction of the pipe with a reinforced metal clamp takes place during deformations 61 % higher than the deformation at which the non-reinforced new concrete pipe is destroyed. It was found that one of the methods of restoring the bearing capacity of damaged and defective pipes in the road industry is the use of metal clamps
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Xu, Xiyan, Yong Cui, Zhangqing Wang, Hongyu Zhang, Caifeng Li, and Kanghua Yu. "Water quality deterioration of reclaimed water produced by reverse osmosis process in large pilot-scale distribution systems of different pipe materials." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 11, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.042.
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Abstract This work reports the effects of five pipe materials on reverse osmosis (RO)-reclaimed water quality in a large pilot-scale distribution system. These materials includes cast iron (CI), cast iron with cement-mortar lining (CML), stainless steel (SS), PVC, and PE. Long-term running tests for 96 hours are conducted with water quality parameters monitored online and analyzed offline. The results showed that red water appeared in CI pipe due to iron corrosion. The pH and TDS increased during the long-term test. Alkali–silica reaction in CML pipe led to a high increase of pH from 6.3 to 11.4, and TDS from 51 to 230 mg/L. Water quality deterioration was not observed in SS, PVC, and PE pipes. Residual chlorine decay occurred in all the five material pipes with the decay rate order of CI ≫ CML > SS ≈ PVC ≈ PE. Ion concentration variation was also followed during the tests. Fe and Mn ions were detected in CI pipe and Ca, Si, Al, and S were detected in CML pipe. No detectable ion release was found in SS, PVC, and PE pipes. A kinetic model was postulated for the detected ion release with the mechanisms discussed in-depth.