Academic literature on the topic 'Pioneer Library System (N.Y.)'

The article is a tribute to the prominent Soviet and Ukrainian documentologist and bibliography scientist Galina N. Shvetsova-Vodka. Upon her graduation from the East-Siberian State Institute of Culture (Ulan-Ude) in 1966, Galina Shvetsova-Vodka studied at Leningrad State Institute of Culture under Master’s Program (1967–1971), and taught at the Institute’s bibliography chair till 1979. She moved to the city of Rovno, Ukrainian SSR, and served as an assistant professor at the bibliographic studies chair of Rovno State Institute of Culture (1979– 1987), and headed the chair till 1995. In 1995–1998, Galina Shvetsova-Vodka served as the professor of the chair, and then, to the end of her life – the professor of Rovno State Humanitarian University. In 2002, she defended her doctoral thesis “The document and book within the system of social communications” and thus became the first Doctor of Science in documentology in the Commonwealth of Independent States. She became a professor in 2005. Galina N. Shvetsova- Vodka died on May 1, 2023, in Rovno, Ukraine. The range of her interests in science, as reflected in her 260 publications, comprised documentology, bibliography, library science, bibliology. Her principal works are “Defining the document in the documentary and information studies” (1991), “The general theory of document and book” (2009), “The document in the light of noocommunicology” (2010). In the area of documentology, Galina Shvetsova-Vodka was a pioneer in many senses. She was one of the first of those who supported the idea of document – noosphere interconnection, and the concept of Bibliologos introduced by Arkady V. Sokolov. She made a significant contribution to the bibliographic science by publishing the textbook “The general bibliographic science: The basics of the theory of bibliography” (1995); “The bibliographic resources in Ukraine” (2000); “The introduction to the bibliography” (2004) (2004). She also studied the history of critical bibliographic periodicals of 1920s, many other aspects of the bibliography theory, history, and practice.

Purpose The key purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the quality of the scholarly publishing and refereeing system used by Emerald’s Library and Information Science (LIS) journals from the perspectives of the Arab authors who are publishing in this wide-ranging database. It also tries to provide helpful guidance for authors to fit their authorship for publication. Design/methodology/approach Of the total 3,846 papers published in Emerald’s LIS journals in the past five years (the beginning of 2011 to the end of 2015), there were only 81 papers (research/technical/conceptual papers and case studies only) authored by Arabs, representing 2.11 per cent of the whole productivity in the discipline of the LIS in Emerald in this period. Corresponding authors (mostly first authors) (n = 73) were contacted to answer the questionnaire of the study. Five of those 73 authors could not be reached because of the lack of validity of their e-mails. Out of the remaining authors (n = 68), 47 returned their valid questionnaires, representing 69.1 per cent of the total number of the Arab authors. Findings This study revealed that the Arab male authors dominated (78.7 per cent) the publishing in Emerald’s LIS journals in the past five years. Two-thirds of the Arab authors are aged between 36 to 45 years (mostly males with doctoral degrees), followed by those authors (17 per cent) who are aged between 46 to 50 years (mostly males with doctoral degrees) and by those authors (12.8 per cent) aged between 31 to 35 years (all are males and half of them hold a doctorate). The study also found that there was a direct proportionality between the Arab authors’ research experience with the history of publishing in Emerald’s LIS journals because the more research experience they have, the greater the number of their research history of publishing in Emerald. Assistant Professors (44.7 per cent) were found to be the group most frequently publishing in Emeralds’ LIS journals with research experience ranging between 11 and 20 years (mainly with a publishing history of five years), followed by lectures with research experience ranging between 1 and 20 years (mostly with a publishing history of five years) and then associate professors with research experience ranging between 11 and 20 years (mostly with a publishing history of ten years). The findings also found that most Arab authors (80.9 per cent) publishing in Emerald’s LIS journals preferred the sole or single authorship. The co-authorship or co-authored works were not much preferred by many of them. A large number (87.2 per cent) of the Arab authors, who are mainly described as experts and advanced authors in using the Emerald refereeing system, see this system, at least, as good. Regarding the reasons/factors to submit articles to Emerald’s LIS journals, this study revealed that the availability of papers in electronic formats, the journal’s impact factor, the association with the research area, the academic coverage of the journal, abstracting and indexing services, the availability in hard copy, the speed of reviewing, the size of readership, the ease of acceptance and the standing of the editorial board were the most significant reasons and factors to submit articles papers for publication in Emerald. The Arab authors in this study have shown considerable positive attitude and perceptions towards the publishing in Emerald’s LIS journals because all of them, at least, agree that publishing in Emerald can increase the speed of finding information and reduce the use of papers. A very large number of them also showed that such publishing may also help create a wider spread, build confidence, be convenient, secure credibility and be objective. Compared to their positive attitude and perceptions towards the publishing in Emerald’s LIS journals, Arab authors had little negative feelings about the publishing in these journals. A few of them (8.5 per cent) have shown a considerable concern about the time it takes in reviewing their articles because they reported that such publishing requires a long time for the peer review process, and it also needs long communications with the editorial staff; this may affect negatively on the time of the research topic. Not being their first language, a few Arab authors (8.5 per cent) have also shown a considerable concern about the use of English being the publishing language in Emerald, as it requires certain skills needed not only to publish their articles but also to deal with the Emerald system and communicate with editorial staff. Overall, this small percentage did not affect the rest of the authors who described their concerns about this obstacle as modest to some extent. Although there is a lot of enthusiasm for publication in Emerald showed by the Arab authors, there have been also some concerns expressed by them towards that goal. A modest number of the Arab authors suggested that the lack of language skills needed for publishing in Emerald, followed by the lack of patience needed to wait for issuing papers, the technical problems related to the system and its interface and the lack of technical skills needed for publishing, as well as the time needed to be online, were significant to them when looking to publish in Emerald. Research limitations/implications The paper investigates the quality of the scholarly publishing and refereeing system used in Emerald’s LIS journals from the perspectives of Arab authors who are publishing in this wide-ranging database. Such topic, to date, has limited previous research, as well as the limited size of the representation of the Arab authors in Emerald’s LIS journals in the past five years, which is due logically to the lack of their research and scientific contributions in this database during this period. Future research could focus on varied contexts or samples, such as other different disciplines and nationalities. Practical implications The paper provides valuable insight into the perception about the Emerald’s peer review quality by a very significant client group – academic researchers representing 22 Arab countries. Originality/value This study is to be the first one of its kind conducted by one of the Arab authors who has published in Emerald’s LIS journals. Being one of the few studies about the scholarly communication/productivity/collaboration of Arab authors in these journals, this study considers a pioneer one among many studies conducted in scholarly communication, especially with Arab authors.

Next generation Integrated Library Systems (ILSs) have been maturing and adopted by more and more academic libraries. Many academic libraries have joined a consortium to collaboratively move towards a shared next generation ILS that sustains a deeper collaboration. Has this been a trend for academic libraries to share the new system in consortia? This article examines the adoption of the leading products in next generation ILSs to reveal the trend. Two case studies are conducted on A) a pioneer consortial adopter and B) a newly formed partnership on shared next generation ILSs, for further investigations on the impact on consortial members, the challenges the new shared system may cause, and the opportunities it brings to academic library consortia and their members.

Abstract—The Library automation system help reduce much work need to be done by doing monotonous routine jobs with the help of technologies such as Barcode and RFID. Unila Library as the pioneer of RFID technology implementation in Lampung province face challenge in migration. Unila Library used SLiMS Library Automation System to manage collections, which use mainly barcode to identify collection. RFID uses allow collections to be scanned in gate and warn librarian. Unfortunately, SLiMS doesn't support SIP2 protocol which is needed by RFID devices (gate, kiosk) to function properly. Therefore, a solution must be made to address the migration of data and support SIP2 protocol. ELIB is a library automation software which support SIP2 protocol. So, library automation systems integration which synchronize both database in ELIB and SLiMS to keep up to date data and allow support for SIP2 protocol must be made in the form of middleware. Some of difficulties arise in integration was the development of both library automation systems which require fine tuning everytime update occurs and both systems in active use. Benchmarking is done to find anomaly and disreparancies of data. And, because the integration system is build as middleware, it remain flexible and open to future development. It can be concluded, Library automation systems integration require vigilance and keen observations into minuscule level especially because both systems are so different.Keywords— library, RFID, ELIB, SLIMS, SIP2, middleware

The balance between efficiency of absorption and use of light energy is fundamental for plant metabolism and to avoid photoinhibition. Here, we investigated the effects of light environments on the photosynthetic apparatus of tropical tree species of three successional groups (pioneer, mid-, and late successional) subjected to different light conditions: full sunlight (FS), moderate shade (MS), and deep shade (DS). Twenty-nine ecophysiological parameters were correlated with each other. The pioneer species exhibited better photochemical performance and a more efficient antioxidant enzymatic system in comparison with the other successional groups. Plants in FS showed higher intensity of lipid peroxidation, with superoxide dismutase having a prominent role in the antioxidant system. At lower irradiance the enzymatic activity was reduced, and the photochemical efficiency was the preferred way to reduce oxidative damages. P was highly related to photochemical yield, and the N modulation amplified the light harvesting complex in DS to the detriment of the antioxidant system. Despite evidence of cell damage, most species exhibited the ability to adjust to high irradiance. Contrary to expectations, Hymenea courbaril (late-successional) exhibited higher plasticity to fluorescence, nutritional, and antioxidant parameters. Only Carapa guianensis (late-successional) displayed photoinhibitory damage in FS, and Ochroma pyramidale (pioneer) did not survive in DS, suggesting that acclimation to shade is more challenging than to high irradiance.

Introduction. The role of village libraries as resource centers are not widely known by the community. The village libraries have varying weaknesses in aspects of a library. The problems are the lack of human resources; less library services and promotion; insufficient collection; inadequacy of library furniture and equipment; unstable internet network; and lack of local government support. This study was a pioneer in facilitating the reading service system to support implementation of reading materials. This system was developed by village libraries through guided reading techniques.Data Collection Method. This paper used Participatory Research Appraisal to guide the data collection process involving 15 participants.Analysis Data. The participants were rural people living in West Java, Indonesia. Additional data were obtained through direct observations in seven village libraries in West Java. Data from informants were compiled and categorized according to their comparative aspects. The result is sequential activity design in accordance with PRAResults and Discussions. The results showed that village libraries were not being recognized and utilized by members of the rural community.Conclusion. They expect that the entrepreneurship activities of reading efficient technology–based books are supported by actual business practices.

ABSTRACT Streptococcus gordonii is a pioneer colonizer of the teeth, contributing to the initiation of the oral biofilm called dental plaque. To identify genes that may be important in biofilm formation, a plasmid integration library of S. gordonii V288 was used. After screening for in vitro biofilm formation on polystyrene, a putative biofilm-defective mutant was isolated. In this mutant, pAK36 was inserted into a locus encoding a novel two-component system (bfr [biofilm formation related]) with two cotranscribed genes that form an operon. bfrA encodes a putative response regulator, while bfrB encodes a receptor histidine kinase. The bfr mutant and wild-type strain V288 showed similar growth rates in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB). A bfr-cat fusion strain was constructed. During growth in THB, the reporter activity (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) was first detected in mid-log phase and reached a maximum in stationary phase, suggesting that transcription of bfr was growth stage dependent. After being harvested from THB, the bfr mutant adhered less effectively than did wild-type strain V288 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA). To simulate pioneer colonization of teeth, S. gordonii V288 was incubated with sHA for 4 h in THB with 10% saliva to develop biofilms. RNA was isolated, and expression of bfrAB was estimated. In comparison to that of cells grown in suspension (free-growing cells), bfr mRNA expression by sessile cells on sHA was 1.8-fold greater and that by surrounding planktonic cells was 3.5-fold greater. Therefore, bfrAB is a novel two-component system regulated in association with S. gordonii biofilm formation in vitro.

We consider the stage of development of library business in the Tambov region during the formation of Soviet power. We describe the systematization in the funds of state and trade union libraries of books nationalized from private collections, the reconstruction and expansion of the network of local (district and sub-district) libraries, reading rooms, mobile libraries that contributed to educational work among the population of the region. The activities of the new government on administrative regulation of the system of relations between libraries, libraries with other cultural and educational institutions and local authorities are studied. The work shows the activities of the management of the Central Governorate Library (CGL) to improve labor discipline, the level of education and political literacy of librarians. We describe the management of the Central Governorate Library and its policy of hiring employees, the fight against the manifestation of per-sonal conflicts of librarians in the workplace, the theft of books and careless attitude towards them. Mass events that were practiced along with the distribution of books in the library are considered: meetings of political education, excursions for pioneer children, atheistic anti-religious evenings. We describe the creation of children’s and youth departments that contributed to the development of education. It is shown that the library staff created a developed system of libraries in the region, which allowed to meet the cultural needs of the population.

Relay-cropping in saturated soil cultivation could increase land efficiency, but its effect on land use and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency is unclear. The research objective was to evaluate the land productivity of the relay-cropping system by calculating the land equivalent ratio (LER) and the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer, and by determining the effect of previous soybean biomass. The experiment was arranged in a three-factor randomized complete block design. The first factor was the cropping patterns of soybean and maize, i.e., relay-cropping soybean-maize and maize monoculture. The second factor was the maize varieties, i.e., Pioneer 27 and Sukmaraga. The third factor was the application of N fertilizer with 4 doses: 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1. The results showed that the application of soybean biomass increased maize yield by 7.24%. Pioneer 27 produced a higher yield than Sukmaraga, and the dose of N fertilizer of 150 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest yield of 7.50 tons ha-1. The highest LER of 2.18% was achieved in the relay-cropping without applying follow-up N fertilizer (control). The experiment concludes relay-cropping after soybean save land by about 118% and save N fertilizer by 33.3%. The reduction of N fertilizer application by 33.3% (100 kg N ha-1) reduced corn cob productivity by 13.3%, and is not significantly different from 150 kg N ha-1. Keywords: chlorophyll, LER, plant residue

Mythology is a rich source for fiction plots. On the basis of mythological plots, a large number of works have been written, singled out as a separate genre variety of the novel - the novel-myth. The pioneer in this genre was the famous Ossetian writer, literary critic N.G. Dzhusoyty, who created the dilogy "Tears of Syrdon". Raising the eternal problems of war and peace, good and evil, pity and violence, humanism, etc., N. Dzhusoyty solves them in a work in a new way against the background of the XX-XXI centuries. The article examines the system of images through which the author reveals many phenomena of reality. The authors of this scientific study traced the artistic interpretation of Dzhusoyta of the famous characters of the Nart epic of the Ossetians.

The main milestones of the formation and development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during 1883–1945 are reconstructed on the example of the activities of the astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University. During this period, the outstanding worldview science in Kharkiv has achieved significant success: the works of Kharkiv astronomers have received world recognition; a well-known scientific planetary school has been established at the Observatory; the scientific community highly appreciated the research on the physics and chemistry of the Moon, the giant and small planets of the Solar System. The primary goal of the research is to inscribe the history of the university Observatory into the European and world context. Its purpose is to summarize the results of a comprehensive historical ad scientific study of the development of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century and identification of ways of further scientific research. The completed research, which continues the problems of works devoted to the study of the history of astronomical science in Ukraine, focuses on expanding the well-known source base by attracting new retro-information resources. In particular, the monograph used a significant array of archival primary sources from almost twenty archival and library institutions of different countries. Most of them were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed to determine and specify the sequence of stages of development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during the research period, to clarify and identify the little-known circumstances of the observatory life. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historism, objectivity and a systematic approach to studying the problem. To solve specific problematic tasks in the monograph, general scientific and specially historical methods were used which allowed to study, analyze and summarize the presented factual material in a complex manner. The main sections of the monograph represent the dynamics of replenishment of the instrumental base of the university observatory, the chronology of the construction of the observatory complex of buildings at the location of the modern Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. According to the author’s periodization, the stages of formation of subjects and directions of scientific work of university astronomers have been analyzed, including: seismic observations with the help of horizontal Rebeur-Paschwitz pendulums, research of the activity of the Sun, astrometric observations on the Repsold meridian circle of for the purpose of compiling a catalog of zodiac stars, studying lunar eclipses and meteor showers. The participation of university astronomers in the creation of the plan of the city of Kharkiv and its connection with the general network of precise geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff; the organization of observations by an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers of the total Solar eclipse of 1914 in Henichesk; the creation of the School-workshop of precision mechanics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kharkiv University were considered; information on the participation of Kharkiv astronomers in the events of the civil war during the Ukrainian Revolution was documented. The scientific research activity of Kharkiv astronomers during 1920-1930-s which was devoted to carrying out important astrometric works on meridian observations of star declinations by absolute methods and observations of Kopf-Rentz stars according to the programs of the International Astronomical Union; the initiation of the creation of the Catalog of faint stars; research in astrophysics aimed at studying the physical conditions on the Moon and the Sun, planets and the interstellar environment; performing long series of spectrophotometric observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn under different conditions of observation; study of the kinematics of stellar systems of different order, the physical parameters and evolution of stars, the morphology of the Galaxy, the nature of the stellar subsurfaces and atmospheres, dust and gas nebulae, new stars and the variability of stars have been considered; the directions of solid works carried out in the field of celestial mechanics, devoted to the dynamics of the minor planets of the Jupiter group, the definition and improvement of the orbits of minor planets have been clarified. The development of amateur astronomy in Kharkiv, in particular, the functioning of circles and societies that directed their activities to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, was highlighted; the participation of their representatives in astronomical observations at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory was emphasized. Reconstructed the development of historical events in the 1930s related to the involvement of Soviet and Western astronomers in the processes of political confrontation between the USSR and the Western world; investigated the course of circumstances that prevented the implementation of the project of creating a new modern astronomical center of national importance – the central Ukrainian observatory in Kharkiv; the participation of an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers in the observation of the «great Soviet eclipse» – the total solar eclipse of 1936 – in the North Caucasus is highlighted; established the facts of political «purges» and repressions by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( the NKVD) in the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. The activity of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been documented and authentic biographical information about its representatives during the Nazi occupation of 1941–1943, the period of the German-Soviet war, has been presented; the unpopular facts of the forced collaboration of some scientists are highlighted; the process of recovery and reconstruction of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory after the liberation of the city is characterized. With the aim of researching the personal history of Kharkiv astronomy of the studied period, the monograph presents the results of a historical and biographical study of facts of life and scientific heritage of scientists who fully devoted themselves to Science, laid the foundations for the future development of many directions of modern astronomical research, made a significant contribution to the treasury of the national and European astronomical science, whose activities were connected with the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, in particular: Grigory Levytsky, Ludwig Struve, Mykola Evdokymov, Otto Struve, Mykola Barabashov, Boris Gerasimovich, Vasil Fesenkov, Oleksiy Razdolsky, Boris Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, Nicholas Bobrovnikov, Paraskovia Parkhomenko, Mstislav Savron, Boris Semeykin, Kostyantyn Savchenko and others (25 biographical essays are presented). A significant part of the mentioned factual material was also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. A separate section of the monograph provides chronologically structured information that reflects the sequence of research work of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory employees during the period under study: from astrometric observations of stars and seismic research to spectrohelioscopic and spectroheliographic observations of the Sun and the initiation of the Kharkiv school of planetary science. It is assumed that the materials of the monograph will be used in research work devoted to the study of the process of institutionalization of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century.

Abstract We present the Verse library with the aim of making hybrid system verification more usable for multi-agent scenarios. In Verse, decision making agents move in a map and interact with each other through sensors. The decision logic for each agent is written in a subset of Python and the continuous dynamics is given by a black-box simulator. Multiple agents can be instantiated, and they can be ported to different maps for creating scenarios. Verse provides functions for simulating and verifying such scenarios using existing reachability analysis algorithms. We illustrate capabilities and use cases of the library with heterogeneous agents, incremental verification, different sensor models, and plug-n-play subroutines for post computations.

AbstractNaproche-ZF is a new experimental open-source natural theorem prover based on set theory; formalizations in Naproche-ZF are written in a controlled natural language embedded into "Image missing" and proof gaps are filled in with automated theorem provers. Naproche-ZF aims to scale natural theorem proving beyond chapter-sized formalizations. In contrast to the $$\mathbb {N}$$ N aproche system, the new system uses an extensible grammar-based approach, has more efficient proof automation, and enables larger interconnected formalizations based on a standard library.

We use digital library technology to help language learners express themselves by capitalizing on the human-generated text available on the Web. From a massive collection of n-grams and their occurrence frequencies we extract sequences that begin with the word “I”, sequences that begin a question, and sequences containing statistically significant collocations. These are preprocessed, filtered, and organized as a digital library collection using the Greenstone software. Users can search the collection to see how particular words are typically used and browse by syntactic class. The digital library is richly interconnected to other resources. It includes links to external vocabularies and thesauri so that users can retrieve words related to any term of interest, and links the collection to the web by locating sample sentences containing these patterns and presenting them to the user. We have conducted an evaluation of how useful the system is in helping students, and the impact it has on their writing. Finally, language activities generated from the digital library content have been designed to help learners master important emotion related vocabulary and expressions. We predict that the application of digital library technology to assist language students will revolutionize second language learning.

The author discusses the experience of N. Ostrovsky special library for the blind in adapting e-catalog on the basis of IRBIS 64 System, as well as the methods and principles of designing the system of adaptive access of visually impaired users to the library e-catalogs. He suggests the concept of adaptive access system development through integration of assistive technologies, mobile version, machine learning and artificial intelligence.

The introduction of new low-cost tiny satellites has encouraged autonomous navigation research and development, benefiting other mission types such as deep-space navigation. Making the spacecraft more autonomous has two major advantages: While the communication delay between Earth and the spacecraft can be quite large, autonomous navigation has proven to be more reliable, allowing the spacecraft’s safety to be increased, particularly in deep-space highly perturbed environment. Another advantage is the reduced involvement of ground tracking, which results in a reduction in total mission costs. BOLERO is a space navigation library developed by CNES, since 2000, for on-board orbit determination in the Earth’s vicinity. For that purpose, it includes a very complete dynamical model adapted for any types of Earth orbits from LEO to GEO. The navigation function is composed of an Extended Kalman Filter, and the library contains all the usual GNSS measurement functions such as pseudo-range and carrier phase, single or dual frequency, for single or multi-constellations. It can also process range and Doppler measurements from Ground stations. On top of that, BOLERO can perform multi satellites navigation, assuming the exchange of measurements through inter-satellites link. Bolero contributes to the notion of improving spacecraft autonomy by providing an onboard orbit determination library that may be paired with an onboard navigator and orbit controller. It has already been deployed on Thales Alenia Space Topstar receivers family (with multiple flying experience since 2000 (HETE2, DEMETER, Proba 2...), and is currently integrated on Syrlinks receivers (N-SPHERE). The library is completed with the generic navigator DIONE, based on BOLERO. DIONE provides the input and output interfaces and enables the control of the navigation function. It is currently used on ground for validation purpose, for performance analysis, but an on board qualified version is under development. The adaptation of BOLERO and of the DIONE navigator, for interplanetary missions, are presented in this paper. The evolution consists of implementing the missing interplanetary dynamical environment, as well as new reference frames and time scales. New measurement types, such as Lidar, optical navigation, and Doppler measurements, are also added. The study raised many concerns about measurement management, including the use of DSN measurements on board, clock management, and the generation of optical measurements. The navigation function also offers new possible interfaces to the user, such as the information about the solar system bodies (position and velocities, direction,…), or reference frame data, for to be used for mission or spacecraft guidance purpose. The paper presents the chosen models and validation process and results.

Introdução: A saúde da mulher abrange áreas que envolvem conflitos éticos importantes para a saúde pública por impactar a saúde biológica, social e psicológica, porém muitos desses problemas são agravados pela invisibili-dade, falta de capacitaçã o profissional e insensibilidade social. Dessa forma, é importante o fomento à identificaçã o e às reflexões sobre os conflitos éticos relacionados à saúde da mulher tanto na área assistencial quanto no ensino, no intuito de criar bases para as tomadas de decisão pautadas em consensos prudentes entre os sujeitos envolvidos. Objetivo: Analisar as publicações brasileiras que abordam conflitos/problemas éticos na saúde da mulher, com o objetivo de identificar os temas mais trabalhados, os tipos de estu-dos desenvolvidos e a área profissional que teve interesse em publicá-los. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de trabalhos brasileiros publicados nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), nos últimos dez anos (2012 até 2022), em português, inglês e espanhol, com os descri-tores: “saúde da mulher”, “bioética”, “problemas éticos” e “conflitos éticos”. Resultados e conclusão: Identificou-se o total de 196 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 24 para ser analisados após a leitura de título e resumo. As abordagens metodológicas encontradas foram os estudos qualitativos (n=11; 45,8%), reflexões (n=4; 16,6%), estudos quantitativos (n=2; 8,3%), qualiquantitativos (n=2; 8,3%), revisões integrativas (n=2; 8,3%), revisões bibliográficas (n=2; 8,3%) e revisão narrativa (n=1; 4,1%). Os profissio-nais que mais publicaram foram os médicos (n=9; 37,5%) e os enfermeiros (n=8; 33,3%), com a presença também de bioeticistas, psicólogos e equipe multidisciplinar. Os temas mais encontrados nos trabalhos foram: violência sexual e de gênero (n=8; 33,3%), aborto (n=4; 16,6%), gravidez na adoles-cência (n=2; 8,3%), temas relacionados à amamentação (n=2; 8,3%), popu-lação de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, queer, intersexo, assexuais e todas as demais variedades da sexualidade humana — LGBTQIA+ (n=2; 8,3%), reprodução assistida, planejamento familiar, parto (episiotomia, religião, HIV) e aspectos culturais (genitoplastia). A saúde da mulher, em sua prática assistencial, apresenta diversos conflitos que precisam de aten-ção, destacando-se temas como violência, aborto, adolescência, população LGBTQIA+, amamentação, entre outros. Percebem-se esforços crescentes nas pesquisas voltadas para a bioética, até mesmo por profissionais das áreas humanas, que extrapolam a visão biomédica e confrontam iniqui-dades históricas. Ressalta-se a necessidade de ampliar o estudo e o ensino sobre temas conflituosos, de estimular o conhecimento de leis e normas rela-cionadas a tais questões, de criar projetos de extensão universitária envol-vendo academia e sociedade civil, além de cobrar a execução de políticas públicas direcionadas à promoçã o e proteçã o da saúde da comunidade e de cada indivíduo; em se tratando das mulheres, elas diariamente sofrem com sexismo, abusos e descasos.

The ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 Standard, Gamma-Ray Attenuation Coefficients and Buildup Factors for Engineering Materials, is currently being updated by an American Nuclear Society (ANS) Working Group. The ANSI/ANS-6.4.3, 1991 standard, which is “withdrawn” due to the failure to meet the requirement of the ANS to have standards updated every ten years, contains buildup factor values that are derived from data that is over seventeen years old. In addition, computer technology has significantly improved since 1991, allowing for more complicated, computationally demanding codes to be utilized. Therefore, the ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 standard is being re-visited to include updated data and to include modern codes. Gamma-ray buildup factors and attenuation coefficients are being generated for common shielding materials (e.g., concrete, steel, water, etc.) utilizing the ENDF/B-VI.8 cross-section data library, which is distributed by Brookhaven National Laboratory’s National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). One modern code, Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP5/MCNPX), is being compared with PALLAS-1D (VII) and Anisotropic Source-Flux Iteration Technique (ASFIT-VARI), which were used to develop values included in ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991. PALLAS-1D (VII) is a code for direct integration of transport equation in one-dimensional plane and spherical geometries while ASFIT-VARI is a gamma-ray transport code system for one-dimensional finite systems. MCNP5 is a general purpose Monte Carlo radiation transport code that tracks particles (e.g., neutron and photons) at numerous energies in a three dimensional configuration of materials. The MCNP5 radiation transport code require response function input to provide dose and exposure output. Mass energy-absorption coefficients and mass energy-transfer coefficients are required to develop absorbed dose and exposure responses. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provide and maintain the most up-to-date mass energy-absorption coefficient and mass energy-transfer coefficient database currently available. The NIST values are used in these initial buildup factor calculations to prove the validity of the methodology used and allow for preliminary comparisons. The energy absorption (dose in material) and exposure buildup factors are calculated at mfp values of interest, consistent with ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 up to forty mfp. Comparisons between the new buildup factors and the previous results presented in the ANSI/ANS-6.4.3-1991 standard indicate that there is fairly good agreement. Differences in buildup factor values can be attributed to differences in cross-section data libraries, numerical methods, and physics treatments within the respective codes.

Proportional-integral-differential controllers (PID controllers) are one of the most widespread controller architectures and are used in a large number of technical systems [1]. When operating highly dynamic test benches to investigate the system behaviour of powertrain components with rotating movements, the controllers are often used as speed controllers. In order to reproduce the complex phenomena in such a powertrain as accurately as possible, the high dynamics of the test bench is required. This means that the test bench must be able to vary the speed highly dynamically and at the same time have the least possible unwanted influences on the system under investigation. This enables the system to be disconnected from the overall system to be specifically examined on the test bench with a virtual representation of the remaining system. A large part of this required system dynamics depends on the parameters of the PID controller. The adjustment of the parameters is often based on empirical knowledge and empirical methods, which have existed for several decades and consider a highly simplified system dynamics [2]. These procedures are easy to use, but are characterized by a high experimental effort and limited optimization potential. In addition, there are more and more approaches to perform the controller adjustment using metaheuristic algorithms [3, 4]. These work with detailed system models and are able to map the system behaviour in detail. Consequently, they offer a high optimization potential. Since these approaches are based on detailed knowledge about the adjustment procedure and the system to be optimized, they are not yet practicable for test bench operation with varying systems. Therefore, the authors present in this paper a method that allows to combine the easy handling of the empirical procedures with the optimization potential of metaheuristics. Thus, the user does not need to have a profound knowledge of control engineering and is guided through the adjustment process in the form of targeted support. For this purpose, the construction of system models by using a library based approach and the possibility of automatic system identification as well as a new optimization function are presented. For these only characteristic values such as overshoot, settling time or rise time have to be selected and a qualitative decision has to be made. This enables a simple and robust adjustment of the controllers. Literature [1] Tiwari, P.: Optimization of PID Parameter In Control System Tuning With Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm 4 (2014) 5, S. 7 [2] Ziegler, J. G. u. Nichols, N. B.: Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115 (1993) 2B, S. 220 [3] Zhang, J., Zhuang, J., Du, H. u. Wang, S.'a.: Self-organizing genetic algorithm based tuning of PID controllers. Information Sciences 179 (2009) 7, S. 1007-1018 [4] Fan u. Joo (Hrsg.): Design for auto-tuning PID controller based on genetic algorithms. 2009

With the development of the next generation of Earth observation and science Space missions, there is an increasing trend towards highly performing payloads. This trend is leading to increased detector resolution and sensitivity, as well as longer integration time which directly drive pointing requirements to higher stability and lower line-of-sight (LOS) jitter [1]. Such instruments typically come with stringent pointing requirements and constraints on attitude and rate stability over an extended frequency range well beyond the attitude control system bandwidth, by entailing micro-vibration mitigation down to the arcsecond (arcsec) level or less [2]. Micro-vibrations are defined in [3] as low-level vibrations causing a distortion of the LOS during on-orbit operations of mobile or vibratory parts. However, in order to guarantee high pointing performance, it is necessary to entirely characterise the transmission path between the micro-vibration source and the payload. The earlier the model is available, the easier it is to meet the stringent pointing requirements, by designing appropriate control strategies. The main difficulties encountered in Space system characterisation are both the impossibility to correctly identify the system on ground due to the presence of gravity and the consideration of all possible system uncertainties. Several uncertainties are in fact determined by: manufacture imperfections of structures and mechanisms, evolution of the system during the mission (i.e. material exposition to Space environment, mass and inertia variation due to ejected ergol), misknowledge of sensors/actuator dynamics. Uncertainty quantification is the preliminary step to be accomplished before designing robust control laws which provide a certificate on the closed-loop system stability and performance. The increased need in pointing performance together with the use of lighter and flexible structures directly come with the need of a robust pointing performance budget from the very beginning of the mission design. An extensive understanding of the system physics and its uncertainties is then necessary in order to push control design to the limits of performance and constrains the choice of the set of sensors and actuators. An analytical methodology to model all flexible elements and mechanisms of a scientific satellite and its optical payload in a multi-body framework is presented. In particular the Two-Input Two-Output Ports approach is used to propose novel models for a reaction wheel assembly including its imbalances and two kinds of actuators to control the line-of-sight: an FSM and a set of PMAs. This approach allows the authors to assemble a complex industrial spacecraft where detailed finite element models can be easily included as well. All these feature are available in the Satellite Dynamics Toolbox Library (SDTlib) [4]. Since in this framework an uncertain Linear Parametric-Varying system can be directly derived by including all possible configurations and uncertainties of the plant, two novel robust active control strategies are proposed to mitigate the propagation of the microvibrations to the LOS error. A first one consists in synthesising an observer of the LOS error by blending the low-frequency measurements of the LOS directly provided by a CCD camera and the accelerations measured in correspondence of the most flexible optical elements (primary and secondary mirrors of a space telescope) together with the accelerations measured on a passive isolator placed at the base of the payload. An FSM then uses this information to mitigate the pointing error. In order to obtain even tighter micro-vibration attenuation, a second stage of active control was proposed as well. This strategy consists in measuring the accelerations of the payload isolator and actuating six PMAs attached to the same isolator. Thanks to this double-stage active control strategy, the propagation of the micro-vibrations induced by the RWs and SADMs is finely reduced on a very large frequency band. In particular, a reduction of the pointing error to 10 arcsec is guaranteed at low frequency approximatively 1 rad/s) with a progressive reduction of the jitter until 40 marcsec for higher frequencies where micro-vibration sources act. This application finally allows the authors to demonstrate the interest of the proposed modelling approach, that is able to finely capture the dynamics of a complex industrial benchmark by including all possible uncertainties in a unique LFT model. This modular framework, which permits to easily build and design a multi-body flexible structure, is in fact conceived in order to perfectly fit with the modern robust control theory. In this way the authors demonstrate how to push the control design to the limits of achievable performance, which is fundamental in the preliminary design phases of systems with very challenging pointing requirements. The present work synthesises the results obtained in an ESA Open Invitations to Tender initiative “Line of Sight Stabilization Techniques (LOSST)” performed together with Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France (Contract NO. 1520095474 / 02) [5]. [1] C. Dennehy, O. S. Alvarez-Salazar, Spacecraft Micro-Vibration: A Survey of Problems, Experiences, Potential Solutions, and Some Lessons497 Learned, Technical Report NASA/TM-2018-220075, NASA, 2018. [2] A. J. Bronowicki, Vibration isolator for large space telescopes, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 43 (2006) 45–53. [3] A. Calvi, N. Roy, E. Secretariat, ECSS-E-HB-32-26A Spacecraft Mechanical Loads Analysis Handbook, Technical Report, ESA, 2013. [4] Alazard, Daniel, and Francesco Sanfedino. "Satellite dynamics toolbox for preliminary design phase." 43rd Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference. Vol. 30. 2020. [5] Sanfedino, F., Thiébaud, G., Alazard, D., Guercio, N., & Deslaef, N. (2022). Advances in fine line-of-sight control for large space flexible structures. Aerospace Science and Technology, 130, 107961.

We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clone the IVR gene. In the first attempt we isolated a clone - "101" which had a specific insert of 372 bp (the full length gene for the IVR protein of 23 kD should be around 700 bp). However, attempts to isolate the full length gene did not give clear cut results, and we decided not to continue with this clone. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of IVR was determined and an antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids residues 1-20 of IVR. Using this antiserum as well as our polyclonal antiserum to IVR a new clone NC-330 was isolated using lamba-ZAP library. This NC-330 clone has an insert of about 1 kB with an open reading frame of 596 bp. This clone had 86.6% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal part of IVR and 61.6% homology with the first 23 amino acids of IVR. In the QIA expression system and western blotting of the expressed protein, a clear band of about 21 kD was obtained with IVR antiserum. This clone was used for transformation of Samsun tobacco plants and we have presently plantlets which were rooted on medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization with this clone was also obtained with RNA from induced resistant tissue of Samsun NN but not with RNA from healthy control tissue of Samsun NN, or infected or healthy tissue of Samsun. This further strengthens the previous data that the NC 330 clone codes for IVR. In the U.S. it was shown that IVR is induced in plants containing the N' gene when infected with mutants of TMV that elicit the HR. This is a defined system in which the elicitor is known to be due to permutations of the coat protein which can vary in elicitor strength. The objective was to understand how IVR synthesis is induced after recognition of elicitor coat protein in the signal transduction pathway that leads to HR. We developed systems to manipulate induction of IVR by modifying the elicitor and are using these elicitor molecules to isolate the corresponding plant receptor molecules. A "far-western" procedure was developed that found a protein from N' plants that specifically bind to elicitor coat proteins. This protein is being purified and sequenced. This objective has not been completed and is still in progress. We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi.