Academic literature on the topic 'Pinus radiata'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pinus radiata"
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Echt, C. S., G. G. Vendramin, C. D. Nelson, and P. Marquardt. "Microsatellite DNA as shared genetic markers among conifer species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-009.
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs for 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in Pinus strobus L. and 6 in Pinus radiata D. Don. were evaluated to determine whether SSR marker amplification could be achieved in 10 other conifer species. Eighty percent of SSR primer pairs for (AC)n loci that were polymorphic in P. strobus also amplified SSR loci in two other soft pines of the subgenus Strobus but not in seven hard pines of the subgenus Pinus, nor in Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. The six P. strobus SSR primer pairs that did amplify loci from conifers other than soft pines were those that were specific to loci monomorphic within P. strobus. These six loci were also monomorphic within seven other species tested, but four of the loci were polymorphic among species. A comparison of allelic variation among the three soft pine species found only 25 shared alleles among a total of 122 alleles at eight loci. Primer pairs for dinucleotide SSR loci that were polymorphic in Pinus radiata also specifically amplified loci from various other hard pines but not from the soft pines or from the other conifers tested.
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Wu, J., K. V. Krutovskii, and S. H. Strauss. "Nuclear DNA diversity, population differentiation, and phylogenetic relationships in the California closed-cone pines based on RAPD and allozyme markers." Genome 42, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-171.
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We studied nuclear gene diversity and population differentiation using 91-98 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) loci in the California closed-cone pines knobcone (Pinus attenuata Lemm.), bishop (P. muricata D. Don), and Monterey (P. radiata D. Don) pines. A total of 384 trees from 13 populations were analyzed for RAPDs and another sample of 242 trees from 12 of these 13 populations were analyzed at 32-36 allozyme loci, using a published data set. Twenty-eight of 30 (93%) comigrating RAPD fragments tested were found to be homologous by Southern hybridization in all three species. Using an enriched mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) preparation and a chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) library as probes, two fragments of cpDNA origin, and one of mtDNA origin present among RAPD profiles were excluded from analysis of nuclear gene diversity. RAPD markers revealed moderately higher intrapopulation gene diversity and substantially higher total genetic diversity and population differentiation than did allozyme markers for each species. We performed a simulation study using allozyme data, which showed that the dominant and biallelic nature of RAPD markers could explain the differences observed in differentiation parameters, but not in gene diversity; RAPD phenotypes appear to represent more underlying gene diversity than do allozyme phenotypes. Results of joint phylogenetic analyses of both the RAPD and allozyme markers strongly supported a common ancestor for P. radiata and P. attenuata pines, and south-to-north migration histories for all three species.Key words: allozymes, dominance, gene diversity, Pinus attenuata, Pinus muricata, Pinus radiata, phylogeny, RAPDs.
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Córdova, Z. M. Díaz, L. A. Bravo-Toledo, C. O. Tome-Ramos, J. Cáceres-Paredes, K. Vigo-Ingar, S. García-Flores, J. Valdivia-Zuta, and N. E. Feijoo Pérez. "Edible Mushroom, an Ecosystem Service of Pine Forests (Pinus Radiata): A Study of the Communities Cuyuni and Yuracmayo (Cusco, Peru)." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (September 8, 2023): 2082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1907.
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The present study aims to identify and quantify the edible mushroom with high production value in Pinus radiata forests, and their natural production as an ecosystem service for the peasant communities of Cuyuni and Yuracmayo in the district of Ccatca (Cusco, Peru). Fifty fungal samples were collected according to cap diameter (10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm), for counting and taxonomic identification. The samples were collected in 5 Pinus radiata forests with different growth ages (forest younger than 3 years, between 4 to 7 years and older than 7 years). The edible fungal species identified were Laccaria laccata and Suillus luteus, both in symbiotic growth with Pinus radiata, the latter being the most representative species due to its abundance and usefulness food, which gives it a high commercial value. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test of SPSS software was used and determined that there is a statistical difference between different groups of the Suillus luteus and Pinus radiata forests with different growth ages. For example, it presents a higher average growth rate in Pinus radiata forests older than 7 years with an average production rate of 523.6 kg in fresh weight per harvesting season. However, there is also a homogeneity of the Suillus luteus species in all the Pinus radiata forests. Therefore, this type of fungus represents the most productive edible mushroom component for the Cuyuni and Yuracmayo communities.
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Plugatar, Yu V., T. M. Sakhno, I. V. Bulavin, O. M. Shevchuk, and S. A. Feskov. "Morphology, anatomy and essential oil characterization of Pinus radiata needles in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 843, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/843/1/012046.
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Abstract The paper presents data on the dendrometric parameters, a needle anatomy and an essential oil characterization of a radiate pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The research was carried out on the model trees (age 70-80 years) growing in the territory of the Montedor Park. For research collected pine needles radiant cuts were made on the freezing microtome (MZ-2, Ukraine), were stained with Sudan III and examined with a light microscope Mikmed-5 (LOMO, Russia) equipped with a digital camera MS-3 (LOMO, Russia). The essential oil from the needles was extracted by hydrodistillation on Ginsberg devices and examined on a gas chromatograph 6890N (Agilent Technology, USA). The studies showed that radiata pine trees achieve their genetically determined parameters, compared to those in the nature habitats in Monterey (California, USA). A needle anatomical investigation clearly demonstrated typical structure. In the essential oil composition, predominance of monoterpenes, in particular a-and (3-pinenes with a large content of the latter was demonstrated. The peculiarity of P. radiata essential oil under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, compared to some other regions, was the presence of limonene, which determined the stronger coniferous smell.
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Montalbán, Itziar A., Ander Castander-Olarieta, Cathy L. Hargreaves, Keiko Gough, Cathie B. Reeves, Shaf van Ballekom, Tomás Goicoa, María Dolores Ugarte, and Paloma Moncaleán. "Hybrid Pine (Pinus attenuata × Pinus radiata) Somatic Embryogenesis: What Do You Prefer, Mother or Nurse?" Forests 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010045.
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Development of hybrid pines of Pinus radiata D. Don for commercial forestry presents an opportunity to diversify the current resource of plant material. Climate change and different land uses pose challenges, making alternative species necessary to guarantee wood and non-wood products in the future. Pinus radiata var. cedrosensis × Pinus attenuata hybrid possesses different attributes, such as tolerance to drought conditions, better growth and resistance to snow damage at higher altitudes, and more importantly, different wood quality characteristics. Embryogenic cell lines were successfully initiated reciprocal hybrids using as initial explants megagametophytes, excised zygotic embryos and excised zygotic embryos plus nurse culture. However, the questions raised were: does the initiation environment affect the conversion to somatic plantlets months later? Does the mother tree or the cross have an effect on the conversion to somatic plantlets? In the present work we analysed the maturation rate, number of somatic embryos, germination rate, and the ex-vitro growth in cell lines derived from different initiation treatments, mother tree species, and crosses. Differences were not observed for in vitro parameters such as maturation and germination. However, significant differences were observed due to the mother tree species in relation with the ex-vitro growth rates observed, being higher those in which P. radiata acted as a mother. Moreover, embryogenic cell lines from these hybrids were stored at −80 °C and regenerated after one and five years.
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Bloomberg, M., J. R. Sedcole, E. G. Mason, and G. Buchan. "Hydrothermal time germination models for radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don)." Seed Science Research 19, no. 3 (September 2009): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258509990031.
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AbstractThe objective of this study was to fit a hydrothermal germination model to germination data for a seedlot of radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don). Seeds were incubated for 50 d at constant temperatures and water potentials (T = 12.5–32.5°C, Ψ = 0 to − 1.2 MPa). Most seeds completed germination within 50 d, but for low Ψ and/or non-optimal temperatures (T < 17.5°C,T>25°C) many seeds did not complete germination. In general, germination data conformed to the hydrothermal model. Departures from the model were encountered for slow-germinating seeds at suboptimal temperatures (T ≤ 20°C). To account for these departures, two alternative hydrothermal models were fitted with an additional term for an upwards shift in seed base water potential with increasing time to germination. The alternative models more correctly predicted germination time than the original model. Similarly, reduced percentage germination at supra-optimal temperatures (T>20°C) was explained by including a term in the hydrothermal model which shifted the base water potential of seeds upwards towards zero, which in turn reduced the predicted rate that hydrothermal time would be accumulated by seeds. The rate of this upwards shift in base water potential was dependent on time to complete germination and ambient water potential as well as supra-optimal temperature.
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Grace, Lynette J., Julia A. Charity, Belinda Gresham, Nod Kay, and Christian Walter. "Insect-resistant transgenic Pinus radiata." Plant Cell Reports 24, no. 2 (January 25, 2005): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-004-0912-x.
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Poblete W., Hernan, and Juan P. Sanchez A. "Tableros con corteza de Pinus radiata." Bosque 12, no. 1 (1991): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/bosque.1991.v12n1-03.
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Graham, Natalie, Emily Telfer, Tancred Frickey, Gancho Slavov, Ahmed Ismael, Jaroslav Klápště, and Heidi Dungey. "Development and Validation of a 36K SNP Array for Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D.Don)." Forests 13, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020176.
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Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) is one of the world’s most domesticated pines and a key economic species in New Zealand. Thus, the development of genomic resources for radiata pine has been a high priority for both research and commercial breeding. Leveraging off a previously developed exome capture panel, we tested the performance of 438,744 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on a screening array (NZPRAD01) and then selected 36,285 SNPs for a final genotyping array (NZPRAD02). These SNPs aligned to 15,372 scaffolds from the Pinus taeda L. v. 1.01e assembly, and 20,039 contigs from the radiata pine transcriptome assembly. The genotyping array was tested on more than 8000 samples, including material from archival progenitors, current breeding trials, nursery material, clonal lines, and material from Australia. Our analyses indicate that the array is performing well, with sample call rates greater than 98% and a sample reproducibility of 99.9%. Genotyping in two linkage mapping families indicated that the SNPs are well distributed across the 12 linkage groups. Using genotypic data from this array, we were also able to differentiate representatives of the five recognized provenances of radiata pine, Año Nuevo, Monterey, Cambria, Cedros and Guadalupe. Furthermore, principal component analysis of genotyped trees revealed clear patterns of population structure, with the primary axis of variation driven by provenance ancestry and the secondary axis reflecting breeding activities. This represents the first commercial use of genomics in a radiata pine breeding program.
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Dick, M. A., and K. Dobbie. "Species of Fusarium on Pinus radiata in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3919.
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The common diseases of pines caused by Fusarium species in New Zealand are dampingoff and root rot disorders of seedlings in forest nurseries The emergence of pine pitch canker disease caused by Fusarium subglutinans f sp pini as a serious threat to Pinus radiata plantations has increased the need for an awareness of the species associated with pines in New Zealand Standard morphological procedures were used to identify Fusarium cultures isolated from diseased pines and from soil in forest nurseries Fusarium oxysporum and F solani were the most commonly found species in bareroot P radiata nurseries and were obtained from both seedlings and from soil The species most frequently obtained from branches and needles of older trees in plantations were F avenaceum and F sambucinum but these were not associated with serious disease
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pinus radiata"
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Waghorn, Matthew J. "Effect of initial stand spacing and breed on dynamic modulus of elasticity of Pinus radiata." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1129.
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Wood stiffness or modulus of elasticity (MOE) is one of the most important wood properties for solid timber applications, and as such, the efficacy of wood use, especially for structural timber is strongly related to MOE. MOE in Pinus radiata is highly variable and poorly understood. In this study, the effect of initial stand spacing and breed on outerwood MOE and the vertical distribution of MOE of Pinus radiata was assessed. Understanding positive or negative influences of growth caused by initial stand spacing and genetic material on MOE is appealing because it could enable us to better comprehend how forest growers could adapt silvicultural operations to the demands of wood processing. Physical characteristics of different breeds and propagation methods of Pinus radiata were assessed at a variety of initial stand spacings. Stem diameter, crown height, stem slenderness and branch size were all heavily influenced by stand spacing. Breed had a marginally significant influence on diameter and stem slenderness. Internode length was not affected by stand spacing, but showed sizeable differences, especially between the long internode 870 breed and the remaining growth and form (GF) breeds. Outerwood MOE was significantly (P<0.0001) influenced by stand spacing and breed, but not their interaction (P>0.05). MOE scaled positively with stand spacing. MOE increased by 39% from 5.4 GPa at 209 stems ha-1 to 7.5 GPa at 2551 stems ha-1. The majority of this increase (33%) occurred between 209 and 835 stems ha-1. Physiologically aged cuttings of greater maturation status exhibited greater MOE, with the three-year-old cuttings being stiffer than the one-year-old cuttings, seedlings from the 870, 268 and 850 series, by 15, 17, 22 and 27%, respectively. Stem slenderness exhibited the strongest significant (P<0.0001) relationship with MOE (r2=0.49), followed by green crown height (r2=0.46) and diameter (r2=0.44). Stem slenderness and green crown height had a direct influence on MOE that explained 53% of the variance in MOE. MOE was also significantly (P<0.0001) influenced by spacing and breed when using the resonance technique to assess whole stem MOE. The vertical distribution of MOE showed that the lowest portion of the stem (bolt 1) was approximately 30% less stiff than bolts 2 and 3. After the greatest MOE value had been obtained at bolt 3, MOE gently declined to the top of the measured stem. Variation of MOE within trees was significant (58%) at the high stockings of 1457 and 2551 stems ha-1, but somewhat lower (36%) at the lower stockings. The 870 breed was approximately 8% and 16% stiffer than the 268 and 850 breeding series respectively, across all stockings, with the three-year-old cuttings being 7% stiffer than the one-year-old cuttings. At stockings of 481 stems ha-1 and less, the proportional height at which MOE was greatest within a tree was between 25% and 50% of stem height. At stockings above 481 stems ha-1 the proportional height at which maximum MOE was obtained was between 15% and 40% of stem height. Bolt slenderness was found to be the most significant factor impacting on MOE of the bolt. Regression of critical buckling height against diameter at ground level yielded a scaling exponent of 0.55, which was lower than the scaling exponent of 0.67 predicted with constant density-specific stiffness. There was a tendency for some bolts with lower mean diameter to display significantly higher safety margins than bolts with higher mean diameter, suggesting that the largest bolts, which occur at the base of tree, are the point of most likely critical failure.
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Tang, Samuel Y. Y. "Modeling the mechanical properties of Pinus Radiata." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6420.
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The study of a methodology to model the mechanical properties of Pinus Radiata takes place from the nanoscopic cell fiber [3] to the board scale level. Gibson and Ashy had generalized wood cells into hexagonal cells, previous work [2] extends the model specifically for Pinus Radiata. Unfortunately, earlier work was done on published data from various sources, not necessary related to Pinus Radiata nor from a common reference piece of characterized Pinus Radiata, making correlation with experimental work [4] difficult.
Further work was done by the author on a characterized sample of Pinus Radiata to correlate elastic properties with actual cellular geometry and experimental result. Critical geometrical parameters were studied for a feasible mathematical idealization as necessary parameters to further refine the FEM model.
Two approaches were used in evaluating board scale modeling; actual wood cells geometry and idealized hexagonal models. These models are extended to Growth ring model to predict growth ring mechanical properties and validated with experimental results as a preliminary Board scale model.
Stol had modeled Wood cells as hexagonal cellular material using Gibson's [1] analytical solution in his work with orthotropic wood wall's properties [2]. Sto1's analytical solution neglects the longitudinal dimension, which in realism is closer to plate than beam.
Gibson and Asbhy's work on prediction of cellular properties analytically formed the basis of formulation analytical solution using energy method (Ritz's method) with plate type stiffness function and further extended with shear and longitudinal boundary coupling effect.
The plate analytical solution was validated by FEM to be in close agreement, within a 5% error. The model based on real cell geometry and its equivalent regular array of identical cell has broad agreements with experimental values. Further refinements of this model are important steps in the development of a definitive model.
Preliminary work on a growth ring FEM model is important as part of the preparation for a board scale model, however further refinements would be necessary for definitive board scale FEM model.
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Li, Guizhen. "Wood structure and properties of clonal plantlets and seedlings of Pinus radiata." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Plant and Microbial Sciences, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5927.
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The ontogeny of vascular cambium and the wood formation in the 8 month-old Pinus radiata have been examined. The results showed that the procambium develops from the subapical meristem parenchyma, which is converted to pro cambial cells by periclinal division about 0.5 mm from the shoot tip. The interfascicular cambium originates from the interfascicular parenchyma, which is also derived from the subapical meristem. Transverse sections show that the interfascicular parenchyma convert to interfascicular cambial cells requires activation by the fascicular cambium. The vascular cambium was established by the fascicular cambium connecting with the interfascicular cambium.
Compression wood formation is related to the plantlet's response to stress. The magnitude and distribution of compression wood is related to whether the stem is free-growing, staked vertically, or tied to an inclined stake, the three situations generating 27%, 14% and 49% compression wood as assessed by image analysis of thin sections.
Stiffness, density, tracheid length, cell numbers/mm2, and percent cell wall area were tested for plantlets of clones 8 and 31 grown under three treatments. Compared to the free grown plantlets, the angled plantlets were shorter, thinner, contained more compression wood with thicker cell walls and more cells/mm2, and had shorter denser tracheids to formed weaker wood. By contrast the tied plantlets were taller and thinner, having fewer cells/mm2 with each tracheid being longer and less dense (thinner cell walls), but of similar stiffness to the free grown ones. Compression wood was stiffer than opposite wood because of its higher density, and the angled plantlets were weaker than the free and tied plantlets due to their shorter tracheids. Stiffness is related to density in angled plantlets, and related to tracheid length in the free and tied plantlets. Tracheid length is negatively related to density, cells/mm2, and percent cell wall. Density is related to percent cell wall and cells/mm2, and the percent cell wall and cells/mm2 related each other.
Stiffness, microfibril angle, density, and maximum crushing strength have been studied for 1 and 2 year-old seedlings from seedlots 10 and 28. The results indicated that stiffness increased and microfibril angle decreased from one year-old to two year-old material. A relationship between maximum crushing strength and density and a negative relationship between stiffness and microfibril angle existed in two years old plantlets. Stiffness and maximum crushing strength related each other in both one and two years old plantlets.
Overall, this work proved to be a scoping trial. While the results could have been anticipated in general terms they do provide a useful description of very young wood. The extent of compression wood varied greatly between treatments, but even in the best case (tied) it takes up a significant proportion of the stem cross-section. However, the technical challenges, especially in the measurement of mechanical properties in such small samples remains a formidable challenge.
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Lin, Xueqin. "Culture of isolated embryos of Pinus radiata D. Don." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Plant Biotechnology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7031.
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Effects of nutritional factors, plant growth regulators, and physical factors on the conversion of isolated embryos into plantlets of Pinus radiata were investigated. Results showed that nutritional factors were critical to the conversion of isolated embryos into plantlets of P. radiata. The optimum medium strength was half strength of the medium consisting of modified Quoirin and Le Poivre (LP) salts (von Arnold and Eriksson 1981) and Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) (SH) vitamins. Sucrose (3%) as well as glucose (2-3%) and fructose (2-5%) could serve as carbon sources for the conversion of isolated embryos into plantlets of P. radiata. In general, a few significant benefits were found with the addition of organic nitrogen sources tested on the performance of isolated zygotic embryos into plantlets of P. radiata.
Nearly all plant growth regulators tested were not beneficial for the conversion of isolated zygotic embryos into plantlets of P. radiata, and some of them had negative effect. Only GA₃ (gibberellic acid at 0.58 μM) seemed to stimulate embryos to germinate a little bit earlier in comparison with the control.
Submerging the cotyledons of the isolated embryo into the agar-gelled medium showed better growth in comparison with the control. Embryos cultured in liquid medium grew better but the germination percentage was apparently lower compared with 0.8% agar-gelled medium. liquid medium with sponge support could increase the percentage of germinated isolated embryos but the embryo growth was not comparable to the liquid medium only. The addition of PEG (polyethylene glycol) 6000 to the liquid medium seemed to increase the germination percentage and had no negative effect on the growth of isolated embryo. Light could influence embryo growth in different ways. For root growth, 16-hour photoperiod appeared to be the best, but for cotyledon development continuous light condition seemed to be the best. In continuous darkness, the hypocotyl appeared to elongate more, but the cotyledon and root did not grow well.
Isolated embryos cultured on the optimum medium (LPSH2) grew well. The resulting plantlets (i.e. emblings) appeared normal, but were smaller than seedlings. Studies on biochemical changes during germination and early embling or seedling growth showed that the patterns of changes in total protein, soluble sugar, and starch content were generally different between emblings and seedlings. However, on fresh weight basis, total protein concentrations and their SDS-PAGE profiles showed that there was little difference between emblings and seedlings.
Results of this study should be helpful as a basic reference for the artificial seed technology development starting from germination and plant conversion of P. Radiate somatic embryo with an artificial megagametophyte.
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Cerqueira, Andreia Filipa Lages. "Effects of phosphite in Pinus radiata-Fusarium circinatum interaction." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17015.
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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularO cancro resinoso, provocado pelo fungo Fusarium circinatum, é uma doença que afeta Pinus spp. e Pseudotsuga menziesii em todo o mundo e está sujeita a medidas de quarentena. Caracteriza-se pela formação de grandes cancros resinosos que rodeiam rebentos, ramos e troncos e levam à morte do hospedeiro. Até à data não existem meios para o controlo da doença e, com a crescente necessidade de reduzir o uso de fungicidas, outras abordagens devem ser estudadas. Um método para o controlo de doenças fitopatogénicas passa pela indução da resistência do hospedeiro, através do pré-tratamento de plantas com compostos químicos ou de origem biológica que estimulam as defesas. O fosfito (Phi) é um sal inorgânico que apresenta a capacidade de indução da resistência e uma potencial estratégia mais amiga do ambiente. Neste estudo, a utilização do fosfito de potássio (KPhi) na redução do desenvolvimento dos sintomas da doença do cancro resinoso, assim como os seus efeitos no crescimento do fungo, foram estudados em diferentes concentrações. Numa primeira fase, colónias de F. circinatum foram crescidas em PDA suplementado com Phi (0%, 1% e 4%) para avaliação do seu efeito no crescimento radial. Posteriormente foram estudados os efeitos da aplicação foliar de Phi (0%, 1% e 4%) em plântulas de Pinus radiata, inoculadas e não inoculadas. A taxa de sobrevivência e a performance fisiológica (potencial hídrico, trocas gasosas e performance fotoquímica, pigmentos, peroxidação lipídica, libertação de eletrólitos, prolina e carbohidratos) foram avaliados. Os resultados mostram que aplicação de Phi atrasa o desenvolvimento dos sintomas de doença numa forma dependente da concentração de Phi, em semelhança ao observado relativamente à inibição do crescimento do micélio in vitro. Alterações fisiológicas ao nível da prolina e carbohidratos, peroxidação lipídica e trocas gasosas foram observadas. A aplicação de Phi apresenta-se como uma potencial alternativa viável na gestão da doença do cancro resinoso.
The pitch canker, caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum, is a disease under quarantine measures affecting Pinus spp. and Pseudotsuga menziesii worldwide. Characterized by the formation of large resinous cankers that girdle shoots, branches, and trunks, leads to the death of the host. To date, there are no means for the control of the pitch canker and, with the growing need to reduce the use of fungicides, another approaches must be studied. A method for the control of phytopathogenic diseases is the enhancement of host resistance, through pre-treatment of seedlings with chemicals or biologically derived compounds that stimulate defense responses. Phosphite (Phi) is an inorganic salt with the capability of inducing host resistance and presents an approach more environmentally friendly. In this study, the ability of potassium phosphite (KPhi) in delaying the pitch canker symptom development, as well as its effects in fungal growth, were studied at different concentrations. In a first phase, F. circinatum colonies were grown in PDA medium supplemented with Phi (0%, 1% and 4%) to evaluation in the radial growth of the fungus. Posteriorly, were studied the effects of foliar application of Phi (0%, 1% and 4%) in Pinus radiata seedlings, inoculated and non-inoculated. Survival and physiological performance (water potential, gas exchange and photochemical performance, pigments, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, proline and carbohydrates) were assessed. Results showed that Phi application delayed disease symptoms in a dose dependent manner similarly to what was observed in mycelial growth inhibition during in vitro assays. Physiological alterations in proline, carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation and gas exchange parameters were observed. Thus, Phi application presents a potential viable alternative to the management of the pitch canker disease.
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Moreno, Chan Julian. "Moisture content in radiata pine wood : implications for wood quality and water-stress response : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry, School of Forestry, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1217.
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This thesis studied the influence of moisture content on the dynamic estimation of stiffness in wood of Pinus radiata D. Don. This is an important non-destructive measure for estimation of stiffness in standing trees, logs and lumber. Moisture content affects both acoustic velocity and density in the fundamental equation of dynamic MOE (DMOE = V²ρ, where V = acoustic velocity and ρ = density). Investigation included measurements with boards in the laboratory considering moisture contents below and above FSP as well as temperatures below and above 0°C. This also included field measurements of trees in contrasting climate sites and over different seasons including a long drought. Methods for measuring green density and moisture content and the patterns of variation of these parameters were also investigated. A secondary component of this thesis explored the wood quality and some mechanisms of tree response to water stress in two contrasting sites in terms or rainfall and water deficits in a region of Australia. The large increases in DMOE for frozen wood above the FSP (4.5 to 6 GPa) will limit the use of DMOE for grading logs in regions with freezing winters. Results from the experiment remeasuring young trees and the upper range of moisture content and temperatures above 0°C from the experiment with boards showed small to moderate variation in DMOE (0.1 to 1 GPa) which calls for further investigation on analytical procedures for adjustment of DMOE. Such procedures should consider that variations in acoustic velocity and density with changes in moisture content are not proportional and that there are counteracting effects between the two parameters. It remains to be investigated whether the typical variation (under normal climate conditions) in sapwood green density observed in our experiments has some implications for the use of DMOE. On the other hand, it is anticipated that the large differences along the stem and among stands in whole-section green density may bias DMOE measurements in logs for resource assessment. This also needs to be investigated. A comparison between acoustic velocity alone and DMOE for resource assessment under different scenarios is recommended. The study in two contrasting climate sites (high-altitude vs. warm-dry) in the Hume region of Forests NSW, Australia, including young (10-11 years) and mature trees (34 36 years) of radiata pine showed distinctive short and long-term responses of trees to cope with the water-limiting environment. In response to long-term water deficits the warm-dry site developed heartwood and thus reduced sapwood earlier and at faster rates than the high-altitude site. The onset of heartwood formation seemed to be triggered by some site threshold for water use as broadly indicated by the sapwood area/ha. The latter was consistently lower for the warm-dry site across the different stands. The warm-dry site also showed increased short-term responses to water stress and these were interpreted as seasonal mechanisms of the trees to cope with the limiting environment. The trees compensated for the lower available moisture and higher transpiration rates by lowering their saturation and disrupting water conduction at some points (cavitation). The inverse trends of cavitation spots and cavitation bands with height in the stem suggested the trees have different strategies to sacrifice conducting xylem depending on the position on the stem. Finally, it is suggested that saturation tended to fall to critical 'safe' levels as a result of water stress and this varied depending on age, site, and position in the stem. Significant decreases in DMOE and basic density were observed for the warm-dry site and were attributed to lower proportions of latewood due to lower rainfall for that site during the period of latewood formation. These showed no obvious association with any of the long-term water-stress traits (sapwood percentage and number of heartwood rings).
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Wells, Karen E. "Development of a Laboratory Protocol for the Micropropagation of Monterey Pines (Pinus Radiata), Año Nuevo Stand." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/76.
Full textAbstract:
Monterey pine (Pinus radiata), a native tree to California and two Mexican islands, is important both ecologically and economically. Outside native stands, Monterey pines are grown for landscaping in California and on plantations around the world. Pitch canker, a disease caused by the fungus Gibberella circinata Nirenberg & O’Donnell (Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O'Donnell) is threatening the survival of Monterey pines. The disease currently affects Monterey pines in many parts of the world including the native stands. No effective chemical or biological control is available but some Monterey pines show resistance to the disease. The purpose of this project was to develop a working protocol for producing genetic clones of the resistant pines through micropropagation. These genetic clones will be used for outplanting in places outside the native stands for ornamental and plantation purposes. This project analyzes the results of ten trials with varied parameters and bases the final protocol on the parameters used in the trial that induces the growth of new shoots. The final protocol developed in this project describes, step-by-step, the media preparation for the initiation, plant material collection, surface sterilization of plant material, plating in media and initiation of shoots on explants. The protocol calls for collecting shoot tips with hardened buds that have not yet elongated, then washing the shoot tips in sterile water with Tween 20 for 15 minutes. The shoots tips are then surface sterilized in a 50% bleach solution for 20 minutes. The explants are broken into disks (to minimize damage to the cells) by inserting the tip of a scalpel and tilting it slightly. The initiation media shown to induce growth consists of ½ strength LePoivre basal salt mixture, 5mg/L benzylaminopurine, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar and is adjusted to a pH of 5.7, then autoclaved for 20 minutes. The explants are inserted into solidified media and incubated in a growth chamber programmed for 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark with temperatures of 27ºC and 22ºC and light irradiance of 80µEm-2s-1. After 1 month the protocol calls for transferring the growing shoots to elongation media with full LP basal salts and transferring every month. When the number of desired shoots has been reached the forthcoming protocol for rooting can be followed.
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Nanayakkara, Bernadette. "Chemical Characterisation of Compression Wood in Plantation Grown Pinus Radiata." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2343.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to find out if changes in chemistry could be used to quantify Pinus radiata compression wood severity or degree of compression wood development. Basic chemical composition and the lignin structure was assessed for a range of different compression wood samples sourced from juvenile wood, mature wood, earlywood, latewood, branches, knots, 2-year and 1-year old Pinus radiata. Fluorescence microscopy was used as the reference method to assess the degree of compression wood development. Lignin structure of compression wood was studied by thioacidolysis, size exclusion chromatography, and thioacidolysis/31P NMR spectroscopy. Variation in the basic chemical composition and lignin structure with compression wood severity was ascertained. Results showed that, as the severity of compression wood changed, progressively from normal through mild to severe, all chemical parameters commonly associated with compression wood changed concurrently. With increasing severity lignin and galactose levels increased while glucose and mannose levels decreased. Lignin structural changes were also associated with changing severity of compression wood. Levels of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) releasable β-ethers increased and guaiacyl (G) releasable β-ethers decreased. Similarly, levels of uncondensed p-hydroxyphenyl units increased, while uncondensed guaiacyl units decreased. Similar proportions of condensed guaiacyl units were present in compression wood and normal wood. Similar trends in chemical composition were observed between the compression wood and related opposite wood in branches, knots and young wood of Pinus radiata. A number of chemical parameters changed linearly with compression wood severity. They were: the amount of lignin and galactose, the galactose/glucose ratio and p-hydroxyphenyl content in lignin. Parameters based on the p-hydroxyphenyl unit content in lignin, the H/G releasable β-ether ratio, releasable p-hydroxyphenyl β-ether units and uncondensed p-hydroxyphenyl C9 units are most suitable indicators of compression wood severity as they spanned a larger range relative to the normal wood levels and were not influenced by the morphological origin of wood samples. Chemical methods for quantifying compression wood severity should focus on the detection and measurement of these parameters. Galactan present in Pinus radiata compression wood was isolated and characterised. Structural investigation by methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy revealed that this galactan was largely composed of (1→4)-linked β-D-galactopyranose residues. No evidence was found to indicate the presence of any branches. Characterisation of lignin in cell wall fractions of Pinus radiata normal wood revealed that middle lamella lignin has a higher lignin content, a lower amount of releasable β-ethers and a more condensed lignin than the secondary wall lignin. Levels of releasable p-hydroxyphenyl units were not higher in middle lamella lignin. A new method based on thioacidolysis and 31P quantitative NMR spectroscopy for estimation of the degree of lignin condensation of the phenolic and etherified C9 units in in situ wood lignin is described. Using this method it was found that phenolic C9 units in in situ lignin were considerably less condensed than etherified C9 units in both compression wood and normal wood.
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Kay, Stuart James. "The biological control of sapstain of Pinus radiata with microorganisms." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2474.
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A total of six hundred and sixteen fungal and two hundred and thirty two bacterial isolates were obtained either from the sapwood of Pinus radiata or from other sources, including UV mutagenesis. All isolates were screened on Pinus radiata wood chips for their survival and colonisation attributes. Of these isolates, two hundred and eighty two failed to grow or caused permanent deep seated discolourations or decay and were eliminated from the study. The remaining five hundred and sixty six isolates were assessed for their antagonistic ability against sapstain. In a dual screen on Pinus radiata wood chips, one hundred and twelve fungal and four bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of the known sapstain fungus, Ophiostoma piceae. In a second biological control screen, on Pinus radiata wood blocks, isolates of Gliocladium viride, Gliocladium roseum, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma sp., Trichothecium roseum and an isolate of the Thelephoraceae proved inhibitory to the sapstain isolates Ophiostoma piceae and Sphaeropsis sapinea providing between 94 and 100% control. These isolates were considered for further examination in the field. The remaining isolates provided poor or inconsistent inhibition or were mould fungi and, therefore, not suitable for direct application. All fungal and bacterial isolates that had shown inhibitory ability in the initial biological control screen and the remaining non-staining bacteria were examined for their ability to produce non-volatile metabolites that were inhibitory to sapstain. The bacterial isolates were examined in a preliminary dual plate screen in which 91 isolates were identified as producing inhibitory compounds. The best of these bacterial isolates were screened, with the fungal isolates, in a non-volatile metabolite trial utilising filter sterilised culture filtrates. Isolates of Bacillus sp., Fusarium solani, Gliocladium roseum, Gliocladium virens, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma sp., Trichoderma viride and Trichothecium roseum were found to be significantly inhibitory to the growth of Ophiostoma piceae at concentrations of 50% or less. However, the filtrates did not provide adequate sapstain control, when tested on Pinus radiata wood block, to prompt consideration for further examination in the field. Studies are currently examining several of these isolates for the production of biologically active compounds. The six most promising isolates, from the wood chip and wood block trials, were tested in the field for their ability to control sapstain on unseasoned Pinus radiata sapwood and/or peeled logs. These were Gliocladium viride (FK75), Trichoderma hamantum (FK561), Trichoderma harzianum (FK228), Trichoderma sp. (FK247), Trichothecium roseum (FK238) and an isolate of the Thelephoraceae (FK33). The fungi were prepared as mycelial/spore homogenates. For application to the timber, the homogenates were mixed with 0.2% Alcosorb gel, producing 108 cfu/ml suspensions, these suspensions were applied by dipping. Diluted homogenates, 108 cfu/ml, were applied as spray treatments to the logs. All of the biological control agent treatments reduced the level of sapstain on either the logs or timber with Trichoderma harzianum (FK228), Trichoderma sp. (FK247) and Trichothecium roseum (FK238) providing control equivalent to that of the fungicides NP-1 and Diffusol for portions of the trial. Trichoderma sp. (FK247) and Trichothecium roseum (FK238) gave sapstain control in excess of 90% for the first 30 days of the timber trial equalling the control provided by NP-1 and Diffusol. In another trial, Trichoderma harzianum (FK228) was more effective than NP-1, providing 60% sapstain control, after six months, on the internal tissue of Pinus radiata logs. The six isolates selected for the field trials were examined in additional studies. In a dual inoculation study, Trichoderma sp. (FK247) exhibited localised antibiotic ability causing the lysis of mycelium of sapstain fungi. There was no evidence of mycoparasitic action by any of the six isolates. Trichoderma harzianum (FK228), Trichoderma sp. (FK247) and Trichothecium roseum (FK238) were observed to degrade cellulose. However, neither these nor the other isolates caused a significant change in the mechanical properties of Pinus radiata timber when compared to untreated controls. Decreasing pH or the addition of nitrate were identified as having potential for the promotion of biological control agent growth. The potential of mixed biological control agent inoculations was also examined. While these results are preliminary, they are extremely encouraging and provide a basis from which future studies can develop.
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Bown, Horacio E. "Representing Nutrition of Pinus Radiata in Physiological Hybrid Productivity Models." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1210.
Full textAbstract:
Hybrid physiological models are being increasingly used to assess productivity, carbon sequestration, water and nutrient use and environmental impacts of management decisions. Users include forest managers, politicians, environmental agencies and scientists. However a wider use of these models has been prevented as a result of an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms regulating carbon allocation, nutrient availability in soils and nutrient uptake by trees. On-going innovation in clonal forestry, genetic improvement and vegetation management techniques is also poorly represented in hybrid models. This thesis examines means to represent nutrition and genotype-nutrition interactions in productivity physiological hybrid models. Nutrient limitations and growth differences between genotypes were hypothesized to operate through key physiological processes: photosynthesis, carbon allocation and nutrient internal cycling. In order to accomplish the aims of the study both greenhouse and field experimentation were carried out. In a first experiment, responses of photosynthesis (A) to intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) were measured in a fast- and a slow-growing clone of Pinus radiata D. Don cultivated in a greenhouse in a factorial combination of nitrogen and phosphorus supply, and analyzed using the biochemical model of leaf photosynthesis described by Farquhar et al. (1980). There were significant positive linear relationships between the parameters, Vcmax, Jmax, Tp and both foliar nitrogen (Na) and phosphorus (Pa) concentration on an area basis. The study showed that the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on photosynthesis were statistically independent and that the photosynthetic behaviour of the two clones was equivalent. In a similar study, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were simultaneously measured to determine internal transfer conductance (gm) based on the "constant J method". Transfer conductance may pose significant limitations to photosynthesis which may be differentially affected by nutrition and genotype in Pinus radiata. Values of gm were similar to those of stomatal conductance (gs) and their ratio (gm / gs) was not influenced by nutrient supply or clone being on average (±1 SE) 1.22 ±0.04. Relative mesophyll limitations (LM, 16%) to photosynthesis were marginally greater than those imposed by stomata (LS, 13%), and together smaller than the relative limitations posed to photosynthesis by biochemical processes (LB, 71%). The CO₂ concentration in the intercellular air spaces (Ci) was (±1 SE) 53 ±3 µmol mol-1 lower than in the atmosphere (Ca) while CO₂ concentration in the chloroplasts (Cc) was (±1 SE) 48 ±2 µmol mol-1 less than Ci. Values of LS, LM and LB and CO₂ diffusion gradients posed by gs (Ca-Ci) and gm (Ci-Cc) did not change with nutrient supply or clone. In a third experiment, one-year old Pinus radiata cuttings from four genotypes were cultivated in silica sand with a factorial combination of nitrogen (N0=1.43 and N1=7.14 mM) and phosphorus (P0=0.084 and P1=0.420 mM) supply for 24 months. N supply was enriched with ¹⁵N to 2.5⁰/₀₀ (labelled N) during the first year, then plants transferred to clean sand and cultivated for another year with ¹⁵N at levels close to natural abundance (0.3664899 atom percent ¹⁵N, δ¹⁵N 0.5115 ⁰/₀₀) provided by the source of N in nutrient solution applied during the second year. Recovery of labelled and unlabelled N was used to estimate N remobilization. N remobilization scaled with plant growth, N content and N and P supply. In relative terms, 65% of all stored N was remobilized in the high-nutrient supply regime compared to 42-48% at lower N and P addition rates. Most N remobilization occurred during spring-summer (77%), coincidently with the largest proportion of needle development (80%), indicating that N remobilization was driven by sink-strength. Foliage was by far the main source for internal cycling while roots were the main sink (40%). Clones exhibited differences in N remobilization capacity, but these differences were completely explained by the size of the N pool before remobilization took place, indicating that N remobilization performance was similar among clones. In a fourth study, four clones were cultivated in silica sand with a factorial combination of nitrogen and phosphorus supply for ten months, and patterns of carbon allocation examined using a carbon balance approach. Gross-primary productivity (GPP) scaled mainly with nitrogen but also with phosphorus supply. The fraction of GPP (GPP = ANPP + APR + TBCA) allocated to above-ground components (ANPP) increased with N and P supply at the expense of total-below ground C allocation (TBCA) with no apparent effect on the fraction of GPP partitioned to above-ground plant respiration (APR). Carbon use efficiency (NPP:GPP) scaled with nutrient supply, being 0.42 in the low-nutrient supply regime compared to 0.51 in the high-nutrient supply regime, suggesting that in poor fertility environments a larger proportion of the C budget is respired compared to the net productivity. Fast-growing clones allocated about 2-4% more carbon to above-ground components (ANPP) at the expense of carbon allocated below-ground (TBCA) with no effect on carbon respired above-ground (APR), indicating that faster-growing genotypes allocate more carbon to leaf area which may compound and increase overall GPP over time. The field component of this thesis was conducted in a subset of locations where ENSIS (formerly New Zealand Forest Research Institute) had established trials to test the influence of species, soil disturbance and plant nutrition on sustainability indicators. Plots were small in size (3 m × 3 m) with trees spaced at 0.5 m × 0.5 m (40 000 trees ha-1) with nine measurement trees surrounded by a two-row buffer. All sites were planted in winter 2001 and harvested in spring 2005. The aim of this pilot study was to examine patterns of carbon allocation during the fourth year after planting in control and fertilized mini-plots of Pinus radiata in five sites with contrasting climate and soil conditions in the South Island of New Zealand. The study showed that the fraction of gross-primary productivity allocated belowground increased as the soil C:N ratio increased. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the unusual nature of the trial and the reduced number of sites studied. Two existing physiological models were selected for the discussion in this thesis (3-PG, Landsberg and Waring 1997; canopy net carbon exchange model, Whitehead et al. 2002). Potential improvements for the nutritional component of 3-PG comprise: accounting for reductions in carbon use efficiency (NPP:GPP) in poor-fertility environments, adding a preliminary fertility modifier (FN, 0-1) driven by soil C : N ratio and soil N, adding a preliminary relationship between carbon allocation to roots and the soil C : N ratio and representing faster-growing genotypes by increasing their leaf area but not their photosynthetic performance. The canopy net carbon exchange model (NCE) combines the coupled model of leaf photosynthesis - stomatal conductance described by Leuning (1995) with canopy structure and a water balance model to scale carbon assimilation from leaves to canopies. Potential improvements to account for nutrient deficiencies in the leaf model by Leuning (1995), comprise using nutrient ratios to discriminate nitrogen (Na/Pa < 23 mol mol-1) from phosphorus deficiencies (Na/Pa > 23 mol mol-1), adding relationships between photosynthetic model parameters Vcmax and Jmax to Pa, and correcting the estimation of photosynthetic parameters Vcmax and Jmax by accounting for transfer conductance (gm). The canopy net carbon exchange model may be also modified to account for carbon-use efficiency, carbon allocation to roots and genotype in a similar form to that proposed for 3-PG. The results previously outlined provide a preliminary framework to represent tree and soil nutrition in physiological hybrid productivity models.
Books on the topic "Pinus radiata"
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Maclaren, J. P. Radiata pine growers' manual. Rotorua: New Zealand Forest Research Institute, 1993.
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Maclaren, J. P. Radiata pine growers' manual. Rotorua: New Zealand Forest Research Institute, 1993.
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Chile), Instituto Forestal (Santiago, ed. Actualización de volumenes de madera en pie de las plantaciones de pino radiata de la VIII Región. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Forestal, División Inventarios Forestales, 1988.
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Coffman, Taylor. The Cambria forest: Reflections on its native pines & its eventful past. Cambria, Calif: Coastal Heritage Press, 1995.
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Lewis, N. B. Management of radiata pine. Melbourne: Inkata Press, 1993.
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Madgwick, H. A. I. Pinus radiata: Biomass, form and growth. Rotorua, N.Z: Madgwick, 1994.
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Emmingham, William H. Using knobcone x Monterey hybrid pine (KMX) in western Oregon. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1989.
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Lavery, Peter B. Plantation forestry with Pinus radiata: Review papers. Christchurch, N.Z: School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, 1986.
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H, Roberto Melo. Análisis y diagnóstico de procesos industriales de transformación mecánica de la madera. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Forestal, División Regional, 1989.
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Haslett, A. N. Drying radiata pine in New Zealand: Research and commercial aspects. Rotorua, N.Z: New Zealand Forest Research Institute, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pinus radiata"
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Horgan, Kathryn. "Pinus Radiata." In Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, 128–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0992-7_10.
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Calleja-Rodríguez, Ainhoa, Jaroslav Klápště, Heidi Dungey, Natalie Graham, Ahmed Ismael, Maria Rosario García-Gil, Sara Abrahamsson, and Mari Suontama. "Genomic Selection in Scots (Pinus Sylvestris) and Radiata (Pinus Radiata) Pines." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 233–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93390-6_11.
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Grant, Jan, Tracy Dale, and Pauline Cooper. "Pine (Pinus radiata)." In Agrobacterium Protocols Volume 2, 135–41. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-131-2:135.
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Walter, C., and D. R. Smith. "Genetic Transformation of Pinus radiata." In Transgenic Trees, 193–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59609-4_14.
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Greer, Dennis H., Mike I. Menzies, and Ian J. Warrington. "Cold Hardiness of Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don)." In Tree Physiology, 555–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_20.
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Chandler, Stephen F., and Richard Young. "Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Radiata Don." In Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 243–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0960-4_15.
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Montalbán, Itziar A., and Paloma Moncaleán. "Pinus radiata (D. Don) Somatic Embryogenesis." In Step Wise Protocols for Somatic Embryogenesis of Important Woody Plants, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89483-6_1.
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Bussmann, Rainer W., Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge. "Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. Pinus radiata D. Don. Pinaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77086-4_124-1.
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Bussmann, Rainer W., Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge. "Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. Pinus radiata D. Don. Pinaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, 815–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38386-2_124.
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Song, Eric, Sam Schofield, and Richard Green. "Detection and Tracking of Pinus Radiata Catkins." In Image and Vision Computing, 159–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25825-1_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pinus radiata"
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Lavisci, Paolo, Marco Molinari, and Michele Brunetti. "IN-GRADE CLT FROM UNGRADED PINUS RADIATA BOARDS." In World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023 (WCTE2023). As, Norway: World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/069179-0099.
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Salinas, C. H., C. A. Chavéz, and R. A. Ananias. "SIMULACIÓN UNIDIMENSIONAL DE ESFUERZOS RESIDUALES DE SECADO EN MADERA DE PINUS RADIATA." In 10th World Congress on Computational Mechanics. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/meceng-wccm2012-20144.
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Baradit, Erik, and Cecillia Fuentealba. "Elastic constants of Pinus radiata D. Don by means of ultrasound transmission techniques." In 6th Annual International Symposium on NDE for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, edited by George Y. Baaklini, Eric S. Boltz, Steven M. Shepard, and Peter J. Shull. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.435561.
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Norzahari, Fadhillah, Russell Turner, Samsung Lim, and John Trinder. "Estimating taper diameter and stem form of Pinus radiata in Australia by terrestrial laser scanning." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352114.
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Sevillano-Marco, Eva, Alfonso Fernandez-Manso, Carmen Quintano, and Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro. "Biomass estimation of Pinus radiata (D. Don) stands in Northwestern Spain by unmixing CCD CBERS data." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417386.
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Poona, Nitesh K., and Riyad Ismail. "Discriminating the occurrence of pitch canker infection in Pinus radiata forests using high spatial resolution QuickBird data and artificial neural networks." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6350698.
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Kibblewhite, R. Paul, and C. J. A. Shelbourne. "Genetic Selection of Trees with Designer Fibres for Different Paper and Pulp Grades." In The Fundamentals of Papermaking Materials, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1997.1.439.
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Pinus radiata and eucalypts are fast-grown species, well suited to plantation forestry in New Zealand and elsewhere, and for the manufacture of a wide range of solid wood and reconstituted wood products, including pulp and paper. This paper examines the variation and end-use potential of the individual-tree kraft fibre and handsheet properties of 25 trees of 13-year-old P. radiata and 29 trees of 15-year-old Eucalyptus nitens. Individual-tree fibre property differences are assessed with reference to the fibre quality requirements of a range of wood-free paper grades. Strategies and procedures are also described which will enable parent trees with desired fibre properties to be identified, propagated and mass produced. In selecting fibre types for different paper and pulp grades, the apparent density of “unrefined” pulps(500 PFI mill rev) is the base against which other “unrefined” handsheet properties are compared. Apparent density is a direct measure of fibre packing density and arrangements in handsheets, and is determined by fibre length and cross-section dimensions, and the related morphological configurations of collapse and straightness. Although the individual-tree pulps of both species can normally be refined to the same tensile index, apparent density values can be very different depending on their fibre properties. Thus, minimal pulp refining is preferred for comparing individual-tree pulps for trees election. Apparent density is best predicted by the kraft fibre property combination of the fibre width/thickness ratio and length. The combination of chip basic density and kraft fibre length is also a good predictor of handsheet apparent density but not necessarily of the best fibres for the manufacture of particular products. Wood density is a measure of the ratio of wood substances to void space in each individual-tree chip sample and is not indicative of the numbers of fibers which make up a unit volume. Kraft handsheet properties varied widely among trees for both species and were well-predicted by kraft-fibre dimensions. The high broad-sense heritabilities shown for these traits in P. radiata mean that clonal forestry could provide pulpwood of uniform and predictable pulping performance from monoclonal forest blocks. The high narrow-sense heritabilities shown so far for wood properties in P. rafiata (and for some wood properties in E. nitens) indicate that planting control-pollinated families of known characteristics could have a similar though less uniform result.
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Jansone, Diāna, Roberts Matisons, Inga Straupe, and Aris Jansons. "Weather sensitivity of radial increment of Pinus strobus in an experimental plantation in the western part of Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.007.
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The phenomenon of global climate change holds utmost importance in its impact on forest ecosystems. To mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, several European countries have introduced non-native tree species into their forests. However, comprehensive ecological analysis is needed to assess the suitability of these non-native species. Pinus strobus is often considered a potential substitute for native species. Tree-ring analysis is a useful methodology for evaluating the relationship between tree growth and meteorological conditions, given the significant impact of these conditions on tree development. In this study, 25 core samples were collected from an experimental plantation of Pinus strobus located in the western part of Latvia for analysis. The plasticity of the tree-ring width of Pinus strobus was evaluated using a multiple additive regression model. The analysis revealed that the previous summer precipitation was a significant factor, indicating the drought sensitivity of the increment. Additionally, the temperature in the previous July and August was also found to be a significant meteorological parameter, suggesting some tradeoffs between growth and the formation of nutrient reserves. The estimated growth responses suggest that the radial increment of Pinus strobus growing outside its native range is highly weather-sensitive, implying uncertainty in its growth with anticipated climatic changes. These findings emphasize the need for further ecological analysis to determine the suitability of non-native tree species and their ability to withstand the climatic changes.
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Bellé, P. A., and P. R. Schneider. "Distribuição do crescimento radial intra anual de Pinus elliottii sob diferentes fertilidades em solo arenoso." In VIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais. Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/viii.simposfloresta.2014.18-502-2.
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FREIMANE, Lāsma, and Mārtiņš AILTS. "RESPONSE REACTION OF SCOTS PINE PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. AFTER FOREST FIRE IN FOREST SITE TYPE HYLOCOMIOSA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.072.
Full textAbstract:
Many factors explain the importance of the research: role of forest industry in Latvian national economy, predicted climate changes in future that foresee better conditions for forest fires, and the fact that until this moment in Latvia there is very little research about radial growth dynamic after forest fire. Object of the research is surface fire affected middle-age managed Scots pine stands in forest site type Hylocomiosa. The empirical material was collected in 500 m2 large circular sample plots in both fire affected and fire unaffected parts of forest stands. At sample plots, dendrometric parameters of trees were measured. After low to medium intensity surface fire forest stand radial growth dynamics is positive, but effect of forest fire impact is negligible – in six year period six cubic meters per hectare or in average one cubic meter per hectare per year. Forest fire significantly does not affect mortality of trees in middle-age Scots pine forest stand in forest site type Hylocomiosa, p = 0.19 > α= 0.05. Minimal financial loss as result of deadwood volume after forest fire is 2179.00 EUR ha-1.