Journal articles on the topic 'Pino nero'

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1

Cantiani, P., G. Iorio, and F. Pelleri. "Effects of thinnings inPinus nigraartificial stands (Umbria, Italy)." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2005): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0292-0020207.

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Cantiani, P., U. Di Salvatore, and R. Romano. "Silvicultural aspects of artificial black pine plantations: analysis of Italian regional laws." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor2985-015.

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Mercurio, R., C. Mallamaci, A. Muscolo, and M. Sidari. "Gap size effects on tree regeneration in afforestations of Black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.)." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 6, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0591-006.

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Bianchi, L., M. Paci, and A. Bresciani. "Effects of thinning intensities in experimental plots of Black European pine in “Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona and Campigna National Park” (Tosco-Romagnolo Apennine, Italy), eight years after the felling." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0616-007.

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5

Marín Cruz, Víctor Hugo, David Cibrián Tovar, Silvia Edith García Díaz, Omar Alejandro Pérez, Herón Huerta Jiménez, and Edgar Magdaleno Hernández. "Identificación y distribución del mosquito fungoso negro, Bradysia impatiens Johannsen, 1912 (Diptera: Sciaridae) en viveros de clima templado." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 13, no. 73 (August 31, 2022): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v13i73.1261.

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El mosquito fungoso negro es un díptero que causa severos daños en plantas ornamentales y en viveros forestales que cultivan especies de Pinus en el centro de México, con pérdidas superiores al 30 %. Los informes más recientes del mosquito fungoso negro son de 2013 y 2015; se desconoce la distribución actual del género Bradysia. Por lo anterior, los objetivos del presente estudio consistieron en identificar morfológica y molecularmente a las especies del mosquito, conocer su distribución y las especies de pino que ataca en cinco regiones de México. Se realizó un muestreo de abril a junio de 2019 en 20 viveros con especies de pino. Las muestras recolectadas se colocaron en cámaras de emergencia durante 45 días en condiciones de fotoperiodo 12:12 h y humedad relativa (HR) de 75 %. Se obtuvieron 934 adultos, y la especie identificada por caracterización morfológica y un fragmento del gen mitocondrial COI correspondió a Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen, 1912) (Diptera: Sciaridae), presente en 17 especies de pino y, como nuevos hospederos, en Pinus arizonica, P. ayacahuite, P. cembroides, P. cooperi, P. douglasiana, P. durangensis, P. engelmannii, P. hartwegii, P. leiophylla, P. oaxacana, P. oocarpa, P. patula y P. teocote. Además, el mosquito fungoso se registró en nueve estados mexicanos: Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Veracruz y Zacatecas. Actualmente, B. impatiens se conoce en 15 estados de la república mexicana.
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Samus, A. V., and E. A. Konstantinov. "Vegetation dynamics in the Rostov lowland (Yaroslavl oblast) during the Late G lacial and Holocene based on a new pollen data." Limnology and Freshwater Biology, no. 4 (2022): 1565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2022-a-4-1565.

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Abstract. Our reconstructions of vegetation changes are based on the results of pollen analysis that was carried out for the sedimentary sequence located on the lacustrine-alluvial terrace west of Lake Nero. To clarify our conclusions, six 14C dates were obtained and an age-depth model based on these dates was constructed. It is established that open spruce-birch forests were widespread during the Aller d and Younger Dryas. Since the Preboreal stage of the Holocene, a peat bog began to form surrounded by pine and birch forests with spruce. The Boreal stage was marked by an increased role of broad-leaved trees in the forests. During the Atlantic period, climatic conditions became warmer and spruce-pine forests with thermophilous deciduous trees started to grow. The vegetation cover of the Late Holocene (SB-SA periods) was dominated by spruce forests with pine and birch.
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Fine, Leigh E. "The McElroy Brothers, New Media, and the Queering of White Nerd Masculinity." Journal of Men’s Studies 27, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826518795701.

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Nerd masculinity is in the midst of a cultural rebirth. Podcasters the McElroy Brothers—Justin, Travis, and Griffin—are exemplars of how nerds queer contemporary masculinity discourse. Their podcasts’ multidimensional characters, bodily practices, and inclusive language reconstruct a nerd masculinity that does not pine for hegemonic masculinity as nerd media of the past. However, while the Brothers’ performance of masculinity may illuminate new frontiers for the inclusion of gender and sexual diversity, it yet retains an inextricable connection to their Whiteness. Thematic analysis of 41 episodes across three of the McElroy’s properties shows how the Brothers reconceptualize nerd masculinity while highlighting their lack of transformative attention to matters of race.
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8

Adeyemi, M. A., and S. O. Oseni. "Análisis discriminante canónico aplicado en datos biométricos de pavos autóctonos nigerianos." Archivos de Zootecnia 67, no. 257 (January 15, 2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v67i257.3485.

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Para diferenciar tres variantes de color (blanco, negro y lavanda) de las poblaciones indígenas de pavo de Nigeria se utilizaron el peso corporal y ocho variables morfométricas: peso corporal (BW, kg), longitud de la caña (SL), longitud del pico (BL), circunferencia abdominal (AC), longitud del muslo (TL) pluma de cola (TF) y carúncula (CR). La homogeneidad fenotípica y las diferencias se evaluaron mediante análisis discriminante lineal. Los resultados indicaron que las variantes de color negro y lavanda fueron las más cercanas en todos los parámetros evaluados. Entre negro y lavanda la distancia de Mahalanobis fue de 6,745, mientras que las correspondientes distancias entre blanco y negro o lavanda fueron 9,242 y 57,595, respectivamente (P
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9

Valencia-Herverth, Raúl, Jorge Valencia-Herverth, Raúl Padilla Calderón, Moisés Olivares Nochebuena, René Hernández Hernández, and Melchor Olivares Nochebuena. "Información adicional sobre la avifauna de Hidalgo, México." Huitzil Revista Mexicana de Ornitología 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.28947/hrmo.2012.13.2.155.

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Reportamos cinco especies de aves no registradas previamente en el estado de Hidalgo: gavilán zancón (Geranospiza caerulescens), gallineta morada (Porphyrio martinica), tucán pico canoa(Ramphastos sulfuratus), titira pico negro (Tityra inquisitor) y tordo arrocero (Dolichonyx oryzivorus).Ratificamos la presencia de la anhinga americana (Anhinga anhinga), del hormiguero-cholino escamoso(Grallaria guatimalensis) y del mirlo-acuático norteamericano (Cinclus mexicanus), que sólo contaban con un registro para Hidalgo.
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10

Palacios-Méndez, Leonardo Román, Jesús Alejandro León-Mendoza, and Emilio Ismael Romero-Berny. "Primer registro del mono aullador negro (Alouatta pigra) en el Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, Chiapas, México." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2021.11.1.312.

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Resumen Durante diciembre de 2020, reportamos la presencia de un individuo macho adulto de mono aullador negro (Alouatta pigra) en un bosque de pino-encino del Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, en la Meseta Central de Chiapas, México. Para un periodo de 14 días, el individuo se desplazó 636.5 m en un rango altitudinal entre los 1,483 y 1,510 msnm. Es uno de los registros hechos a mayor altitud para esta especie en México y una contribución al conocimiento de la mastofauna del Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello. Palabras clave: altitud, Área Natural Protegida, Atelidae, bosque templado, primates.
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Patriarca, Silvana. ""Vorrei la pelle nera": cultura giovanile e sensibilità antirazziste nell'Italia degli anni Sessanta e S." ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no. 297 (March 2022): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ic2021-297-s1oa-004.

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Muovendo dai pochi testi di canzoni italiane che negli anni Sessanta esprimevano sentimenti antirazzisti, il saggio esplora la presenza e la natura di questi sentimenti nella cultura giovanile di quegli anni incentrando l'analisi su "Ciao 2001", un popolare settimanale musicale che cominciò le pubblicazioni in quel periodo. Utilizzando in maniera eclettica spunti interpretativi che derivano dalle teorie sull'appropriazione culturale e sulla "race consumption", il saggio mostra come il consumo di musica afroamericana e la fascinazione per i musicisti neri si accompagnassero a un interesse per le radici storiche di quella musica e per la storia, la condizione, e le lotte dei neri americani, che nel settimanale erano oggetto di molti servizi giornalistici. Il saggio infine considera alcune figure emergenti della scena musicale italiana degli anni Settanta di cui si occupò il settimanale — in particolare il jazzista napoletano-afroamericano James Senese e il cantautore napoletano Pino Daniele — per sottolineare l'appropriazione, non priva di stereotipi, del topos della "negritudine" da parte di quest'ultimo per far riferimento al razzismo interno di cui i meridionali erano vittime, ma anche a se stesso. Se in parte tale appropriazione si poteva giustificare, dall'altro impediva il riconoscimento di una specificità dell'oppressione dei neri e quindi una più profonda comprensione del razzismo antinero.
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12

de Looze, Laurence. "The Piano Is Always There: A Story of Lisbon." New England Review 35, no. 4 (2015): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2015.0014.

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13

Marshall, Samantha J., Doreen Krause, Dayle K. Blencowe, and Graham F. White. "Characterization of Glycerol Trinitrate Reductase (NerA) and the Catalytic Role of Active-Site Residues." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 1802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.6.1802-1810.2004.

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ABSTRACT Glycerol trinitrate reductase (NerA) from Agrobacterium radiobacter, a member of the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family of oxidoreductases, was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Denaturation of pure enzyme liberated flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and spectra of NerA during reduction and reoxidation confirmed its catalytic involvement. Binding of FMN to apoenzyme to form the holoenzyme occurred with a dissociation constant of ca. 10−7 M and with restoration of activity. The NerA-dependent reduction of glycerol trinitrate (GTN; nitroglycerin) by NADH followed ping-pong kinetics. A structural model of NerA based on the known coordinates of OYE showed that His-178, Asn-181, and Tyr-183 were close to FMN in the active site. The NerA mutation H178A produced mutant protein with bound FMN but no activity toward GTN. The N181A mutation produced protein that did not bind FMN and was isolated in partly degraded form. The mutation Y183F produced active protein with the same k cat as that of wild-type enzyme but with altered Km values for GTN and NADH, indicating a role for this residue in substrate binding. Correlation of the ratio of Km GTN to Km NAD(P)H, with sequence differences for NerA and several other members of the OYE family of oxidoreductases that reduce GTN, indicated that Asn-181 and a second Asn-238 that lies close to Tyr-183 in the NerA model structure may influence substrate specificity.
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14

Klinger-Brahan, William. "Estado de conservación de las especies forestales amenazadas, abarco, jigua negro, guayaquil, guayacán amarillo y pino amarillo en los municipios chocoanos de Riosucio, Carmen del Darién, Istmina, Río Quito y Juradó." Revista Bioetnia 6, no. 1 (June 26, 2009): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51641/bioetnia.v6i1.59.

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Con el propósito de levantar información que diera cuenta del estado de conservación de las especies forestales amenazadas, abarco (Cariniana pyriformis), jigua negro (Ocotea cernua), guayaquil (Centrolobium paraense), guayacán amarillo (Tabebuia crysantha) y pino amarillo (Podocarpus sp.) en cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó, Riosucio, Carmen del Darién, Istmina, Río Quito y Juradó, el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico y la Corporación Autónoma para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Chocó, constituyeron una alianza de cooperación horizontal que posibilitó la ejecución del proyecto; se buscaba tener bases sólidas para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el uso y manejo de estas especies. El proyecto recibió apoyo financiero del Fondo de Compensación Ambiental de Colombia. Durante la fase de campo se utilizó un muestreo diagnóstico, se establecieron 1349 parcelas de 10m x 10m equivalentes a 13,49 has, distribuidas por zona de la siguiente manera; 205 en Istmina, 660 en Juradó, 226 en Riosucio, 62 en Carmen del Darién y 196 en Río Quito. De conformidad con los resultados obtenidos en la superficie muestreada las especies jigua negro y abarco mostraron mayor representatividad, el guayacán amarillo tuvo un representatividad media, y al contrario de estas las especies, el guayaquil y el pino amarillo registraron una significativa menor presencia, denotando así su condición de especies realmente amenazadas. Con fundamento en los resultados se proponen tres categorías de manejo para las especies forestales amenazadas, recuperación con veda de largo plazo, preservación con veda de mediano plazo y conservación en el corto plazo; estas orientaciones de manejo se deben aplicar conforme a las condiciones de cada especie en cada sitio. Se recomienda avanzar de manera inmediata en el establecimiento de las vedas, al tiempo que se incorporan otros municipios del departamento a estudios de esta naturaleza.
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Aurélio Gimenes de Oliveira, Marco, Thaís Pichioni Pellozo, and Korina Aparecida Teixeira Ferreira da Costa. "SUSTENTABILIDADE E TECNOLOGIA NAS OBRAS DE RENZO PIANO." Colloquium Socialis 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/cs.2020.v4.n2.s098.

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In this article, an analysis and comparison of two expressive works by the Italian architect Renzo Piano is proposed, following a logical line of the current High Technology for an EcoTechnology. This objective is achieved through bibliographic studies that allow the necessary theoretical detailing, in addition to the analysis of projects in focus: TheNational Center for Science and Technology (NEMO), in Amsterdam, and the California Academy of Natural Sciences, in the United States, from an architectural point of view. Similarities can be seen between the projects, mainly chronologically punctuated developments from the oldest to the most recent. The study shows, in this way, that it is possible to understand an improvement of the architect in view of the architectural currents, making his intentions and cares more clearly projected over time clearer.The theory of architectural study is Tectonics in line with the search for reduced impacts on the environment
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Uhl, J. E. "The Prince of New Orleans Piano: How James Booker Missed the Boat but Made the Parade." New England Review 35, no. 3 (2014): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2014.0134.

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Suzuki, Maya, and Mary Marron-Corwin. "A Female Infant Who Has a Pink, Smooth Soft-Tissue Mass." NeoReviews 13, no. 2 (February 2012): e132-e135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.13-2-e132.

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18

SMITH, PAUL, J. FERNANDO PACHECO, GLAYSON ARIEL BENCKE, and ALEXANDRE ALEIXO. "Senior synonyms for three Neotropical birds described by Louis Vieillot based on Félix de Azara (Passeriformes: Thraupidae, Tyrannidae, Tityridae)." Zootaxa 4433, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4433.1.8.

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The nomenclatural history of three species described by Vieillot based on the descriptions of Félix de Azara is examined. Adherent to the Principle of Priority under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, old available names and senior synonyms are identified for the thraupid Uniform Finch Haplospiza plumbea (Vieillot, 1818a); tyrannid Tropical Pewee Contopus sylvestris (Vieillot, 1816); and tityrid White-winged Becard Pachyramphus cyanocephalus (Vieillot, 1816). These names were based respectively on Azara’s Number 111 “Pico de punzón obscuro aplomado”, Number 168 “Tachurí obscurito mayor” and Number 217 “Batará obscuro y negro”. It is recommended that these names should all be suppressed as nomina oblita in the interests of stability.
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Caviglia, Nicolás, and María Del Carmen Zamaloa. "Flora Angiospérmica de Pico quemado, Formación Ñirihuau (Oligoceno Tardío), Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina." Ameghiniana 51, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5710/amgh.24.02.2014.800.

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Salazar, Sonia, José Luis Mena, Daniel F. Lane, and Christopher C. Witt. "Estatus y distribución en el Perú del Tucán Andino de Pico Negro Andigena nigrirostris (Waterhouse, 1839)." Revista Peruana de Biología 24, no. 1 (April 21, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v24i1.13106.

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En Perú Andigena nigrirostris es considerado hipotético al no existir registros publicados. A la fecha han sido colectados diez especímenes, se han obtenido dos grabaciones de sonido y la fotografía de un individuo. Siendo este último, el único registro dentro de un área natural protegida en Perú, el Santuario Nacional Tabaconas Namballe. Los registros indican que esta especie se distribuye en los bosques montanos de la vertiente oriental, al norte de la depresión de Huancabamba, entre ~ 2200 a 2900 m de altitud.
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Sánchez-Nivicela, Juan C., José M. Falcón-Reibán, and Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia. "A new stream treefrog of the genus Hyloscirtus (Amphibia, Hylidae) from the Río Negro-Sopladora National Park, Ecuador." ZooKeys 1141 (January 19, 2023): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.

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Recent surveys in the Río Negro-Sopladora National Park revealed a striking new species of Hyloscirtus. The new species is easily diagnosed from all other congeners by its large body size (64.9 mm SVL in adult female); broad dermal fringes in fingers and toes; prepollex not projected into a prepollical spine and hidden under thenar tubercle; dorsum greyish-green, with paler-hued reticulum, yellow spots and black speckles; throat, venter, flanks and hidden surfaces of limbs golden-yellow with large black blotches and spots; fingers, toes and webbing yellow with black bars and spots; iris pale pink with black periphery. It is currently known only from its type locality, in the high montane forest on the southern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes, southeastern Ecuador. The new species might be related to the H. larinopygion species group based on its morphology.
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Lopes, Aline, Joana D'Arc de Paula, Silvia Fernanda Mardegan, Neusa Hamada, and Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade. "Influência do hábitat na estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associados às raízes de Eichhornia crassipes na região do Lago Catalão, Amazonas, Brasil." Acta Amazonica 41, no. 4 (2011): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672011000400007.

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Por possuírem ciclos de vida curtos, os macroinvertebrados aquáticos podem responder rapidamente às modificações ambientais, alterando a estrutura das suas populações e comunidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se há relação entre a composição de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associados a bancos de Eichhornia crassipes o gradiente de condutividade elétrica da água e a biomassa das raízes destes bancos. No pico da cheia de 2005, 21 bancos de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes dominados por E. crassipes foram amostrados no rio Negro (baixa condutividade < 30 µS cm-1), na confluência entre os rios Negro e Solimões (média condutividade > 30 µS cm-1 e < 50 µS cm-1), e no rio Solimões (alta condutividade > 50 µS cm-1). Foram encontrados 1707 macroinvertebrados aquáticos, distribuídos em 14 ordens e 35 famílias. A abundância de invertebrados aquáticos foi maior em bancos na confluência das águas. O aumento da biomassa das raízes de E. crassipes levou a um aumento da abundância e da riqueza de famílias de macroinvertebrados. A abundância dos coletores-catadores, coletores-filtradores e raspadores variou com o tipo de água, e apenas a abundância dos coletores-catadores e coletores-filtradores variou em função da biomassa das raízes. A riqueza de famílias dos raspadores variou em função do tipo de água. A organização da comunidade depende do gradiente de biomassa de raízes, indicando a importância da estrutura do hábitat para o estabelecimento dos macroinvertebrados.
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Belozorovich, Anna. "Volpi, farfalle, uccelli e un cagnolino nero: il mimetismo e la sopravvivenza sotto il regime staliniano in Vesti bianche di Vladimir Dudincev." Altre Modernità, no. 26 (November 29, 2021): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7680/16802.

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L’articolo prende in esame Vesti bianche (Belye odeždy), il secondo romanzo di Vladimir Dudincev (1918-1998), figura tragica della letteratura sovietica. Dopo Non si vive di solo pane (1957), riscuote un enorme successo ma viene costretto al silenzio a causa dello scandalo politico che ne deriva. Vesti bianche, scritto nel 1966, ma pubblicato solo vent’anni più tardi (1987), è ambientato nel pieno del lysenkoismo, la violenta repressione nei confronti della comunità scientifica che ebbe luogo tra gli anni ’40 e ’50. I suoi protagonisti sono biologi: comprendere la natura, essere in dialogo con il mondo naturale, è la loro prerogativa per ottenere dei risultati. La riflessione scientifica è puntualmente accompagnata da quella filosofica. In una intensa discussione sul rapporto tra l’uomo e la Natura, i protagonisti si schierano su differenti posizioni e sembrano “indossare” figure animali quasi con valore totemico. Le possibili configurazioni della società umana, i rapporti professionali e le esperienze individuali vengono messe in relazione con il comportamento animale. Il carattere associato a questi animali riporta sia al loro comportamento in natura sia alla simbologia ad essi legata nella tradizione popolare russa. La ricerca della verità da parte degli uomini di scienza incontra la necessità di mascheramento, parola chiave della trama. Il mimetismo è vissuto come un inganno necessario, come per mantenere la varietà biologica nel mondo naturale, così per garantire la libertà del pensiero e della ricerca scientifica in un paese paralizzato dal regime.
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Cabrera, Joselin Viviana, and Yntze Van der Hoek. "ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF ABERRANT PLUMAGE COLORATION OF THE GROOVE-BILLED ANI (CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS)." Ornitología Neotropical 29 (October 9, 2018): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v29i1.386.

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Abstract · Chromatic aberrations have previously been reported for the normally entirely black Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris). Here, we present three additional observations of the occurrence of chromatic aberrations in this species, in the southwest of Ecuador. In May 2016, we observed two birds with a nearly entirely white coloration, except for a few small black spots, and one pied-colored bird, with a mix of white and black coloration on all main body parts. Most likely, these chromatic aberrations are cases of progressive greying. Future studies should determine whether multiple individuals with chromatic aberration in the same place are a coincidence or due to other reasons.Resumen · Registros adicionales de la coloración aberrante del plumaje en el Garrapatero pico estriado (Crotophaga sulcirostris) Casos de aberraciones cromáticas de plumaje han sido reportados previamente para el Garrapatero Pico Estriado (Crotophaga sulcirostris) una especie cuyo plumaje es normalmente completamente negro. Aquí, presentamos tres observaciones adicionales de ocurrencia de aberraciones cromáticas en esta especie para el sureste de Ecuador. En mayo de 2016 observamos dos individuos con una coloración casi completamente blanca, salvo pequeñas manchas negras, y un individuo que presentaba una mezcla de plumas blancas y negras. Es probable que en este caso se trate de encanecimiento progresivo (“progressive greying”), que puede afectar la mayor parte del plumaje de esta ave. Son necesarios más estudios para determinar si las observaciones de múltiples individuos con aberraciones cromáticas en el mismo lugar, se tratan de una coincidencia o si existen otros factores.
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Espinal, Mario, José Manuel Mora, Carlos O'Reilly, and José Mario Solís. "Leucismo y Reproducción en el Cormorán Neotropical (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) en el Golfo de Fonseca, Honduras." Ceiba 52, no. 2 (January 25, 2015): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v52i2.1756.

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El cormorán neotropical (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) es un ave acuática de color negro brilloso y de amplia distribución geográfica. A pesar de que las aberraciones de color no son comunes en los animales silvestres, existen variaciones cromáticas que se deben mayoritariamente a las alteraciones genéticas. Aquí reportamos la presencia de un individuo adulto del cormorán neotropical con leucismo total. El individuo lo observamos en un árbol de mangle botón (Conocarpus erectus) el 14 de agosto de 2013 a las 0920h. Este individuo era miembro de una colonia mixta de anidamiento ubicada en un canal de abastecimiento para las lagunas de producción de camarón de la empresa Granjas Marinas San Bernardo, Choluteca, sur de Honduras. El individuo tenía todo su plumaje de color blanco sucio y ausencia total de pigmentación en el pico y las patas y tenía los ojos azul verdoso. El 17 de agosto de 2013 observamos a este mismo individuo en su nido mientras alimentaba a dos polluelos de coloración normal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v52i2.1756
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Févotte, Cédric, Nancy Bertin, and Jean-Louis Durrieu. "Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with the Itakura-Saito Divergence: With Application to Music Analysis." Neural Computation 21, no. 3 (March 2009): 793–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.04-08-771.

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This letter presents theoretical, algorithmic, and experimental results about nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with the Itakura-Saito (IS) divergence. We describe how IS-NMF is underlaid by a well-defined statistical model of superimposed gaussian components and is equivalent to maximum likelihood estimation of variance parameters. This setting can accommodate regularization constraints on the factors through Bayesian priors. In particular, inverse-gamma and gamma Markov chain priors are considered in this work. Estimation can be carried out using a space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm; this leads to a novel type of NMF algorithm, whose convergence to a stationary point of the IS cost function is guaranteed. We also discuss the links between the IS divergence and other cost functions used in NMF, in particular, the Euclidean distance and the generalized Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. As such, we describe how IS-NMF can also be performed using a gradient multiplicative algorithm (a standard algorithm structure in NMF) whose convergence is observed in practice, though not proven. Finally, we report a furnished experimental comparative study of Euclidean-NMF, KL-NMF, and IS-NMF algorithms applied to the power spectrogram of a short piano sequence recorded in real conditions, with various initializations and model orders. Then we show how IS-NMF can successfully be employed for denoising and upmix (mono to stereo conversion) of an original piece of early jazz music. These experiments indicate that IS-NMF correctly captures the semantics of audio and is better suited to the representation of music signals than NMF with the usual Euclidean and KL costs.
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Nooprom, Karistsapol, and Quanchit Santipracha. "Effect of Varieties on Growth and Yield of Yard Long Bean under Songhkla Conditions, Southern Thailand." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 13 (November 30, 2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n13p247.

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Yard long bean (<em>Vigna sesquipedalis</em> L. Fruw) is one of the most popular vegetables in many countries of Southeast Asia. Especially in Thailand, it has given high productivities for export in both fresh and frozen types. Yard long bean is considered as relatively low pod yield productivity and stability because it is quite sensitive to unfavorably environmental conditions, particularly for humid tropical regions with turmoil weather. The effect of varieties on growth and yield of yard long bean was conducted at Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai campus, Thailand to test for yield and other horticultural characteristics of seven varieties of yard long bean. All varieties of yard long bean were well grown under Songkhla’s conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with four replications. The experiment was taken from February to April, 2014. The results showed that the Mae Ping, Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties exhibited good growth and high yield. The Mae Ping variety gave the highest marketable yield of 12.25 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup> not significantly different (p≤0.05) from the Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties which gave the marketable yield of 15.16, 14.13, 13.51, and 13.34 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The Negro and Taiwan varieties were the second high yielding varieties which gave the marketable yield of 11.90 and 11.92 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The Euro, Kheow Dok, Saifa, and Taiwan were interesting varieties because they had pod length longer than 60 cm to meet the needs of the consumers in Songkhla province and around this area. It is concluded that the Mae Ping, Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties were the most suitable for growing under Songkhla conditions, southern Thailand due to its high growth and yield.
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Şenyurt, Muammer, and Ilker Ercanli. "A comparison of artificial neural network models and regression models to predict tree volumes for crimean black pine trees in Cankiri forests." Šumarski list 143, no. 9-10 (October 31, 2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.143.9-10.3.

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Cilj ovog rada je usporediti modele umjetne neuralne mreže (ANN) za predviđanje pojedinih drvnih volumena krimskih borova u šumama Çankirija. Jednoulazne i dvoulazne jednadžbe i kompatibilna volumna jednadžba Fang et al. (2000) temeljena na klasičnim i tradicionalnim metodama primijenjena je na 360 krimskih borova u cilju dobivanja ovih drvnih volumena. Kako bi se odredila najbolja alternativna metoda za predviđanje ANN modela, ukupno je obučeno 320 treniranih mreža u višeslojnom perceptronu (MLP) i ukupno 20 treniranih mreža u arhitekturi Radial Basis Function (RBF). Na temelju statistike goodness-of-fit, ANN u smislu MLP 1-9-1 uključujući dbh kao input varijablu za jednoulazna volumna predviđanja pokazao je bolju fitting sposobnost sa SSE (2.7763), Radj2 (0.9339), MSE (0.00910), RMSE (0.0954), AIC (-823.25) i SBC (-1421.81) nego onaj u ostalim proučavanim volumnim metodama koje uključuju dbh kao eksplanatornu varijablu. Za dvoulazna volumna predviđanja, što uključuju dbh i ukupnu visinu kao input varijable, ANN temeljen na MLP 2-15-1 rezultirao je boljom fitting statistikom sa SSE (0.8354), Radj2 (0.9801), MSE (0.00274), RMSE (0.0523), AIC (-579.55) and SBC (-1788.11).
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Hue, Nguyen Thi Nguyet, Ho Son Lam, Dao Thi Hong Ngoc, Dang Tran Tu Tram, Huynh Minh Sang, Dinh Truong An, Doan Van Than, Nguyen Truong Tan Tai, Do Hai Dang, and Hua Thai An. "Effect of dietary astaxanthin on reproductive performance, egg quality and larvae of clowfish Amphiprion ocellaris (Cuvier, 1830)." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 20, no. 4A (April 11, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/15644.

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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of astaxanthin in broodfish diets on reproductive performance, egg quality and larvae quality parameters of clownfish (Amphirion ocellaris). Five treatments were tested with 5 levels of astaxanthin (Carophyll Pink 10% CWS) of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg added to the feed. Each treatment was repeated in triplicate and the supplemental feeding trials were arranged for 13 months. The results showed that there were significant differences in hatching rate of egg, malformed rate and survival rate of larvae in 3 days post-hatch (p<0.05) among the feeding trials of astaxanthin supplements. The highest hatching rate of egg and survival rate and the lowest malformed rate of larvae were observed in the treatment that was supplemented with astaxanthin 150 mg/kg feed, respectively 92.14 %; 93.57 % and 0.55 %. However, the astaxanthin supplementary diets did not affect the re-maturation and spawning period, spawning frequency, fecundity, egg diameter and larval size of nemo fish among the treatments. The results also suggested that astaxanthin requirement for clownfish broodstock to improve reproductive performance was 150 mg/kg feed.
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Robaina, Luís Eduardo de Souza, Romario Trentin, and Marcel Achkar Borras. "Compartimentação do Relevo do Uruguai com Uso de Geomorphons Obtidos em Classificação Automática." GEOGRAFIA (Londrina) 32, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2023v32n1p9.

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Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar uma classificação e zoneamento do relevo no Uruguai considerando a associação e distribuição de elementos de relevo, definidos como geomorphons, que podem ser representados pelos 10 mais comuns elementos: plano (flat), pico (peak), crista (ridge), ressaltos (shoulder), crista secundária (spur), encosta (slope), escavado (hollow), base de encosta (footslope), vales (valley), e fosso (pit). Para a realização do processamento do MDE e geração dos geomorphons, utilizou-se a aplicação online. A aplicação exige um conjunto de dados raster e dois valores escalares, livres, como parâmetros. O arquivo de entrada para a varredura é uma MDE. Os dois parâmetros livres são lookup “L” (distância em metros ou unidades de células) e threshold t (nivelamento em graus). Para os parâmetros livres aplicou-se valor de “L” igual a 20 pixels (1.800 metros) e graus “t” igual a 2º. A relação predominante e a localização dos elementos geomorphons permitiu dividir o Uruguai em 11 compartimentos de relevo, regionalmente denominados de Lagoa Mirim; Rio Negro, Santa Lucía; Cucchilla Dayman; Durazno; Tacuarembó; Cucchilla Grande Inferior; Cucchilla de Haedo; Cucchilla Grande; Isla Cristalina de Rivera e Cerro Catedral. As características relevantes identificadas são consistentes com históricos trabalhos cartográficos realizados no Uruguai e foi muito eficiente na delimitação de diferentes formas de relevo com feições distintas e peculiares.
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Ballentine, Barbara, and Geoffrey E. Hill. "Female Mate Choice in Relation to Structural Plumage Coloration in Blue Grosbeaks." Condor 105, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.3.593.

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Abstract Plumage blueness in Blue Grosbeaks (Passerina caerulea) is related to nutritional condition during molt, and bluer males hold larger territories with more food resources. We tested the hypothesis that females use male plumage brightness as a criterion in choosing mates. In a mate-choice aviary, we presented females with a choice between males whose feathers were either brightened with blue marker or dulled with black marker. Treatment resulted in an increase in the plumage intensity (reflectance at peak wavelength) of blue-treated males and a decrease in the intensity of black-treated males within the natural range of variation, while the wavelength of peak reflection (hue) remained unchanged. During mate-choice trials, females consistently preferred particular males, but choice was random with respect to treatment. Thus, the intensity of blue coloration of male Blue Grosbeaks appears not to function as a criterion in female mate choice. Elección de Pareja en Hembras de Passerina caerulea con Relación a la Coloración Estructural del Plumaje Resumen. Estudios previos han demostrado que la coloración azul del plumaje de Passerina caerulea está relacionada con la condición nutricional durante la muda y que los machos de coloración más azul mantienen territorios más grandes y con mayores fuentes de alimento. En el presente estudio, examinamos la hipótesis de que las hembras usan el brillo del plumaje como criterio para la selección de parejas. En una arena de selección de parejas, presentamos a las hembras con la opción de elegir entre machos de plumaje coloreado artificialmente con marcador azul o machos de plumaje artificialmente coloreado con marcador negro. El tratamiento del plumaje produjo cambios en la intensidad de color de tal forma que incrementamos la intensidad de color en los machos tratados con marcador azul y redujimos la intensidad de aquellos tratados con marcador negro. La longitud de onda del pico de reflección (tono) no cambió. Durante las pruebas de selección de pareja, las hembras mostraron una preferencia consistente por ciertos machos, pero la elección fue aleatoria con respecto al tratamiento. Por lo tanto, la intensidad de coloración azul de P. caerulea no parece servir como criterio selectivo en la elección de pareja.
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Šuvakovic, Aleksandra. "DISKURS I ULOGA DISKURSNIH AKTIVNOSTI U UČIONICI STRANOG JEZIKA." Lipar, no. 72 (2020): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lipar72.169s.

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Considerare il discorso significa riferirsi non solo al piano dell’enunciato (grammaticale, lessicale, semiotico, sintattico), ma anche ai processi di produzione e interpretazione del testo. Questi processi attivano risorse di carattere cognitivo e sociale. A partire dagli anni Ottanta si assiste a una proliferazione del termine discorso nelle scienze del linguaggio, tanto al singolare (dominio del discorso, analisi del discorso) quanto al plurale (i discorsi), a seconda che ci si riferisca alla attività verbale in generale oppure a particolari eventi discorsivi. La diffusione di questo termine è il sintomo di una modificazione nel modo di concepire il linguaggio. Parlando di discorso si prende posizione a favore di una particolare concezione del linguaggio e della semantica, che dipende dalla influenza di diverse correnti pragmatiche che hanno sottolineato un certo numero di idee forza. L’analisi del discorso ha mostrato che il senso non è in ciò che gli enunciati ‘dicono’. Il discorso implica una lettura seconda che è quella del senso interno, delle modalità della sua produzione, delle condizioni della sua emergenza e delle possibilità del suo riconoscimento. Tutto ciò diventa specialmente importante in un’aula di lingua straniera – una scatola nera- dove spetta all’insegnante includere nel processo di insegnameto le attivittà discorsive per sviluppare le competenze socioculturali, lingvistiche, strategiche ecc. necessarie per acquisire la competenza comunicatiвa assieme alla capacità pragmatica di ogni singolo studente.
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Delgado Bermeo, Gerlando, and Juan Pablo López Ordóñez. "Aportes a la historia natural de la gallineta azul (Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi) (Tinamiformes: Tinamidae) en el piedemonte colombiano." Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural 26, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2022.26.2.7.

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Objetivo: evidenciar e inferir sobre el patrón de actividad diario, aspectos reproductivos, vocalizaciones y coloración del plumaje de la gallineta azul (Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi), en una población ubicada en la baja Bota Caucana. Alcance: describir/contrastar patrón de actividad diario, coloración de plumaje, aspectos reproductivos y vocalización con lo descrito para Tinamus osgoodi en otras localidades. Metodología: se realizaron recorridos ad libitume instalaron 17 cámaras trampa, en la Reserva La Cristalina, localizada en la Serranía de los Churumbelos, municipio de Piamonte, Cauca, Colombia. Se consolidaron los registros y clasificaron en eventos independientes que se analizaron a través de gráficos. La información obtenida se comparó con literatura existente de la especie y afines. Resultados principales: se obtuvieron 10 muestras biológicas de T. o. hershkovitzi, 9 de ellas fueron huevos y unindividuo hembra adulto. Adicionalmente, se grabaron 17 vocalizaciones con tres patrones identificados. El fototrampeo captó 64 eventos independientes, entre estos un evento de precópula. Conclusiones: la gallineta azul presenta el mayor pico de actividad entre las 15:00 y 16:00 horas. Su patrón de coloración está dominado por dos tonos (gris y azul), en la localidad de investigación se le conoce como “gallineta azul”, diferente a lo descrito en Tinamus osgoodi “Tinamu negro”. Los huevos encontrados son totalmente diferentes en forma y color a los huevos de la raza nominal. Los hallazgos indican época reproductiva desde diciembre hasta mayo.
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Favier, Lionel, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Adrian Jenkins, Nacho Merino, Gaël Durand, Olivier Gagliardini, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, and Pierre Mathiot. "Assessment of sub-shelf melting parameterisations using the ocean–ice-sheet coupled model NEMO(v3.6)–Elmer/Ice(v8.3)." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2019): 2255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2255-2019.

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Abstract. Oceanic melting beneath ice shelves is the main driver of the current mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet and is mostly parameterised in stand-alone ice-sheet modelling. Parameterisations are crude representations of reality, and their response to ocean warming has not been compared to 3-D ocean–ice-sheet coupled models. Here, we assess various melting parameterisations ranging from simple scalings with far-field thermal driving to emulators of box and plume models, using a new coupling framework combining the ocean model NEMO and the ice-sheet model Elmer/Ice. We define six idealised one-century scenarios for the far-field ocean ranging from cold to warm, and representative of potential futures for typical Antarctic ice shelves. The scenarios are used to constrain an idealised geometry of the Pine Island glacier representative of a relatively small cavity. Melt rates and sea-level contributions obtained with the parameterised stand-alone ice-sheet model are compared to the coupled model results. The plume parameterisations give good results for cold scenarios but fail and underestimate sea level contribution by tens of percent for warm(ing) scenarios, which may be improved by adapting its empirical scaling. The box parameterisation with five boxes compares fairly well to the coupled results for almost all scenarios, but further work is needed to grasp the correct number of boxes. For simple scalings, the comparison to the coupled framework shows that a quadratic as opposed to linear dependency on thermal forcing is required. In addition, the quadratic dependency is improved when melting depends on both local and non-local, i.e. averaged over the ice shelf, thermal forcing. The results of both the box and the two quadratic parameterisations fall within or close to the coupled model uncertainty. All parameterisations overestimate melting for thin ice shelves while underestimating melting in deep water near the grounding line. Further work is therefore needed to assess the validity of these melting parameteriations in more realistic set-ups.
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Tammone, Mauro N., Eileen A. Lacey, and Ulyses FJ Pardiñas. "Dramatic recent changes in small mammal assemblages from Northern Patagonia: A caution for paleoenvironmental reconstructions." Holocene 30, no. 11 (July 14, 2020): 1579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620941096.

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Temporal differences in fossil assemblages of small mammals can generate important insights into associated environmental conditions. Moreover, by including modern assemblages in such comparisons, it may also be possible to identify the effects of recent human colonization on mammal communities and their habitats. To explore potential signals of European colonization in northwestern Patagonia, we compared fossil and modern assemblages of small mammals from two newly characterized paleontological sites in the Limay Valley region of Río Negro Province, Argentina. The material analyzed consisted of 18 species of small-bodied terrestrial mammals identified from a sample of 27,992 specimens. Fossil assemblages dating from 6453 to 1002 calibrated years before present were relatively stable in taxonomic composition and displayed only minor differences in relative species abundances. In contrast, the modern assemblages examined were clearly distinct, containing a different suite of numerically dominant taxa and lacking three previously abundant grassland species that are presumed to have gone extinct in the vicinity of our study sites. We suggest that these changes reflect substantial post-colonization modifications of surrounding landscapes, including establishment of pine plantations, changes in fire regimes, and introductions of livestock and invasive species of plants. If correct, this supposition raises important concerns regarding the use of modern assemblages as a baseline for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions. To avoid potential misinterpretations associated with the use of modern faunal assemblages, we suggest two potential alternative strategies for inferring temporal changes in environmental conditions.
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Batista, Diógenes da Cruz, Francisco Pinheiro Lima Neto, Jailiny da Silva Barbosa, Clisneide Coelho de Amorim, and Maria Angélica Guimarães Barbosa. "Avaliação da resistência de 47 acessos de mangueira aos fungos Fusicoccum aesculis e Neofusicoccum parvum." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 34, no. 3 (September 2012): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452012000300023.

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A mangicultura praticada no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco é considerada um dos principais destaques no comércio externo do País. Dentre as diversas variedades cultivadas, a Tommy Atkins é a que representa a maior parte das exportações. Entretanto, a magnitude das perdas por podridões pós-colheita, causadas por fungos Botryosphaeriaceae, é sempre uma grande preocupação para exportadores e importadores da fruta. A busca por métodos de controle mais eficazes e limpos é uma tendência mundial. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de frutos, de 47 acessos de mangueiras, quanto à resistência aos fungos Fusicoccum aesculis e Neofusicoccum parvum. As inoculações foram realizadas mediante deposição de disco do meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA), contendo estruturas do patógeno sobre duas posições opostas na região equatorial da manga, mantido, posteriormente, por 24 horas em câmara úmida. Foram realizadas medições das lesões até o sétimo dia, com uma régua milimetrada. Com os registros dos crescimentos das lesões, foram calculadas as taxas diárias de crescimento da lesão (TDCL's) para cada acesso. As maiores TDCLs foram observadas nos acessos 'Roxa' e 'Lita', quando inoculados com F. aesculis, e nos acessos 'Roxa', 'Ruby', 'Papo de peru', 'CPAC 22/93', 'Pingo-de-ouro', 'Pêssego' e 'M13269', quando inoculados com N. parvum. Os acessos 'Nego-não-chupa', 'Manga-d'água', 'Juazeiro VI', 'Juazeiro VII' e 'Favo-de-mel' foram os que apresentaram, concomitantemente, as menores TDCLs para ambos os patógenos e diferenças significativas em relação aos demais acessos.
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Sibomana, M. S., L. W. Ziena, S. Schmidt, and T. S. Workneh. "Influence of Transportation Conditions and Postharvest Disinfection Treatments on Microbiological Quality of Fresh Market Tomatoes (cv. Nemo-Netta) in a South African Supply Chain." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-229.

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ABSTRACT Postharvest microbial spoilage due to suboptimal transportation and packaging conditions is a key concern for the South African tomato industry. This study investigated the influence of washing with tap water or aqueous disinfectant solutions (chlorinated and anolyte water) on the microbiological quality of tomatoes during storage after transportation in nonrefrigerated trucks along two supply routes when packaged in crates and boxes. Route 1 was 1,093 km from field to storage site, while route 2 was 1,057 km. During transport, the temperature in the trucks fluctuated between 16 and 28°C and the relative humidity between 25 and 94% for route 1, while for route 2, the temperature was between 16 and 30°C and the relative humidity between 28 and 71%. Tomatoes at the pink maturity stage were sampled, treated, and stored for 28 days (11°C). The tomato firmness before treatment was 24.8 N (box samples) and 17.4 N (crate samples) for route 1, whereas it was 22.1 N (box samples) and 20.2 N (crate samples) for route 2. Temperature fluctuation during transportation led to water condensation on tomato surfaces. Tomatoes treated with anolyte water showed the lowest microbial surface burden during storage, with mean aerobic plate counts (APC) of 2.9 log CFU/cm2, coliform counts (CC) of 1.1 log CFU/cm2, and fungal counts (FC) of 2.3 log CFU/cm2. Overall, of the total APC recorded during storage, anolyte-treated samples contributed 9% while chlorinated water–treated samples contributed 30%. Of the total CC, anolyte samples presented 3% while chlorinated water samples made up 12%, and of the total recorded FC, anolyte samples contributed 7% while chlorinated water samples made up 22%. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed surface cracks, which enable microbial colonization in crate-transported tomatoes. A combination of anolyte treatment and box packaging during transport resulted in the best microbiological quality during storage. The findings of this investigation provide motivation for the adoption of anolyte water as a postharvest disinfection treatment in the tomato industry.
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Sánchez Villegas, Diego Sebastián, Pablo Israel Morales, and Elsa Maribel Pico Llerena. "Entornos virtuales de aprendizaje para el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la geometría analítica en educación básica superior." LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 2054–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56712/latam.v4i1.397.

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Los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje para el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de geometría analítica en décimo año de educación general básica, es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación desarrollado por la Ing. Maribel Pico, quien tomó temáticas como antecedentes y sustento para el desarrollo de actividades educativas en el EVA que permitan el fortalecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de Geometría Analítica utilizando recursos de la web y material multimedia. La población seleccionada estuvo conformada por los 17 estudiantes de décimo año de educación General Básica y los 6 docentes de EGB de la Unidad Educativa Río Negro, a quienes se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta con su debido instrumento el cuestionario conformado por 18 y 20 interrogantes respectivamente con la única finalidad de obtener un diagnóstico sobre la situación actual en el uso de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje en la asignatura de Matemática dentro y fuera del aula tanto por parte de docente como del estudiante, así cabe mencionar que se utilizó la metodología ADDIE que consta de las fases que se detallan a continuación: Análisis, Diseño, Desarrollo, Implementación y Evaluación. El Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA) se encuentra alojado en el sitio web creado para la institución, en donde los beneficiarios directos, docentes y estudiantes pueden acceder al mismo como complemento para el fortalecimiento en la asignatura de Matemática bloque curricular de Geometría, permitiendo con ello complementar el trabajo presencial realizado de los docentes y estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Es así que los resultados obtenidos fueron muy satisfactorios para el estudiantado, puesto que se ha evidenciado el acceso recurrente al EVA en donde acceden a conocimientos específicos con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos de clase, se encuentran motivados e interesados por el conocimiento, permitiendo así fortalecer y elevar el nivel académico de los estudiantes.
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García-Parra, J., R. Masegosa, J. Delgado-Adámez, F. González-Cebrino, and R. Ramírez. "Effect of the thermal treatment and high pressure processing for the preservation of purees from two different cherry cultivars (‘Pico Negro’ and ‘Sweetheart’) grown in “Valle del Jerte” (Spain)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1161 (May 2017): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1161.79.

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Wright, E. R., P. Pizzingrilli, M. V. Caligaris, and D. Cabral. "Rose Dieback Caused by Trichothecium roseum in Argentina." Plant Disease 91, no. 5 (May 2007): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-5-0631c.

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Rose (Rosa sp.) is one of the most important ornamentals in Argentina. Since 2002, a severe disease has been observed on crops cultivated for cut flowers and garden plants in Escobar, San Pedro, Río Negro, and the surrounding area of Buenos Aires and La Plata. Symptoms consisted of a stem dieback progressing to plant death. In some cases, stem cankers were observed on the dieback limits. Mean incidence of stem dieback was 8% regardless of location. The disease was associated with pruning or harvest wounds. The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of the described symptoms. Small pieces of diseased tissues from cvs. Rafaela, Merlise, Confeti, Mini rosal, Exótica, Macarena, and Peckowo were surfaced sterilized with a 2-min immersion in 0.2% NaOCl, washed with sterile distilled water, the tissue blotted dry, placed on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 22°C. Pure salmon-colored fungal colonies developed within 72 h. Hyaline, two-celled (the upper cell slightly larger), ovoid to ellipsoid conidia formed in chains at the apex of simple, long, slender, septate conidiophores. These characteristics are consistent with the description of Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link ex Gray (1) The pathogenicity tests were carried out on 10 plants of cv. Rafaela and 10 plants of cv. Mini Rosal using a conidial suspension (2.4 × 105 spores/ml). All plants were pruned just before inoculation. Another 10 pruned plants (five from each cultivar) were sprayed with sterile water and served as controls. Inoculated and noninoculated plants were placed in a climatic chamber at 20°C and covered with polyethylene bags for 3 days to achieve a humid environment. Stem dieback was evident 7 days after inoculation on both cultivars and cankers appeared in 14 days. A dense, white mold that turned salmon-pink covered all the stems within 25 days. Inoculated plants died after 40 days. Symptoms did not develop on the control plants. The pathogen was recovered from inoculated stems, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. roseum causing a disease on rose in Argentina. Reference: (1) K. H. Domsch et al. Compendium of Soil Fungi. Academic Press. London, 1980.
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Vaz, Filipe Costa, and João Pedro Tereso. "Estudo antracológico do compartimento 1, setor A-2008 de Monte Mozinho." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 8 (December 26, 2012): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i8.97.

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Durante as escavações arqueológicas realizadas no Castro de Monte Mozinho, nos anos de 2008 e 2009, foram efetuadas recolhas de sedimentos com vista à realização de estudos de arqueobotânica. A presente discussão centra-se na componente antracológica das recolhas realizadas no Compartimento 1 do setorA-2008 do povoado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a identificação de um espectro paleoflorístico no qual se destaca a presença de castanheiro (Castanea sativa Mill.), carvalho caducifólio (Quercus tipo caducifólia), dois tipos de leguminosas, choupo (Populus L.) e pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Em segundo plano surgiram urze (Erica L.), amieiro-negro (Frangula alnus Mill.), freixo (Fraxinus L.), Prunus L. (género ao qual pertencem diversas espécies domésticas e silvestres tais como a ameixeira, o pessegueiro, o abrunheirobravo), salgueiro (Salix L.), ulmeiro (Ulmus L.) e azinheira ou sobreiro (Quercus tipo perenifólia).O número de espécies e a diversidade ecológica do conjunto analisado permitiu concluir que a recoleção de madeiras ocorreu em três formações vegetais distintas: bosques climácicos dominados por carvalhos; matos subseriais arbustivos resultantes da degradação da primeira formação; e formações ripícolas. Odestaque de Castanea sativa L. nas amostras permitiu algumas reflexões acerca da sua integração nas dinâmicas ecológicas e económicas de época romana. Charcoal analysis in Monte Mozinho: a paleoecological approach to the remains from compartment 1, sector A-2008 - During the archaeological excavations in the roman settlement of Castro de Monte Mozinho, taken place in 2008 and 2009, several soil samples were collected in order to obtain relevant archaeobotanical data. The present article focuses on the compartment 1, sector A-2008. The results obtained allowed the identification of a paleofloristic spectre, in which stands out the presence of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), deciduous oak (Quercus deciduous), Leguminosae, poplar (Populus L.) and cluster pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). In small numbers, several other species were identified, e.g. heath (Erica L.), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.), ash (Fraxinus L.), Prunus L. (genus with a wide range of species – plum tree, cherry plum, peach, etc.), willow (Salix L.), smooth-leaved elm (Ulmus L.) and cork oak or holm oak (Quercus evergreen). The variety of species analysed throughout the study allowed us to assume that firewood collection took place in three distinct plant formations: climacic forests of deciduous oak, subserial formations originated by its degradation and riparian vegetation. On the other hand, the relevance of Castanea sativa in these samples allowed the discussion of its integration in the regional Roman ecological and economical dynamics.
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CASTRO, ERNESTO. "Mozart, Kierkegaard y el patriarcado en La flauta mágica." Tsantsa. Revista de Investigaciones artísticas, no. 11 (October 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/tria.11.01.01.

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Por si no os acordáis del argumento de La flauta mágica, os lo resumo. La ópera empieza con un príncipe (Tamino) al que persigue una serpiente. Él se desmaya y, cuando está a punto de ser devorado por ella, irrumpen tres damas que la derrotan. Las tres desean quedarse a solas con el príncipe inconsciente, pero finalmente acuerdan marcharse juntas a informar de lo ocurrido a su superiora, la Reina de la Noche. Tamino se despierta y se encuentra con Papageno, un cazador de pájaros, también al servicio de la Reina, quien se atribuye la derrota de la serpiente. En ese momento, vuelven las tres damas y le cierran el pico al cazador de pájaros («Para que nunca más te jactes / de los actos heroicos / que han hecho otros»). Al príncipe le dan una flauta mágica y le encargan que rescate a la hija de la Reina, Pamina, quien ha sido secuestrada por el sumo sacerdote de la sabiduría (Sarastro). A Tamino le conducen tres muchachos hasta una encrucijada, en la cual se alzan tres templos: el de razón, el de la naturaleza y el de la sabiduría. En este último se encuentra Pamina, a la cual acosa sexualmente el negro Monostatos. Sarastro lo castiga y entonces se revela que él y sus hombres son los buenos. La Reina y sus mujeres son, en verdad, las malas. Ellos han secuestrado a Pamina para una causa tan bondadosa como es iniciarla en la sabiduría por medio del amor. Tamino y Pamina se enamoran; pero es él, no ella, quien hará frente, junto con Papageno, a las pruebas de iniciación. La primera consiste en quedarse callado. Papageno no lo consigue («¡Que yo no pueda dejar de parlotear / es realmente una vergüenza para mí!»); Tamino, sí. Hasta tal punto lo consigue que Pamina decide suicidarse porque su amado no le dirige la palabra. Papageno también va a colgarse de un árbol, pero en el último momento le obsequian su Papagena. En cuanto a Pamina, los tres muchachos la convencen de que no se mate («Una mujer que no teme / ni a la noche ni a la muerte / es digna de ser iniciada») y ayuda a Tamino a superar las dos últimas pruebas, atravesar el agua y el fuego, mientras él toca la flauta y a ella la guía el amor. «¡Gracias al poder de la música, / atravesamos alegres / la sombría noche de la muerte!». Final feliz. Telón. Aplausos.
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Garibaldi, A., S. Rapetti, P. Martini, L. Repetto, D. Bertetti, A. Poli, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of Verticillium Wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. on New Zealand Spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides) in Italy." Plant Disease 97, no. 1 (January 2013): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-12-0678-pdn.

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Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach, Aizoaceae) is an Australasian annual species that occurs naturally in Italy, where it is cultivated for the edible young shoots and succulent leaves. In September 2011, a previously unknown wilt was observed in 10 private gardens, each 0.1 to 0.5 ha, near Castellaro, Northern Italy, on 7-month-old New Zealand spinach plants. Leaves wilted, starting from the collar and moving up the plant, and vascular tissues showed brown streaks in the roots, crowns, and stems. Diseased plants were stunted with small, chlorotic leaves. Infected stems and leaves then wilted, and plants often died. Of about 500 plants, 30% were affected. Stems of 10 diseased plants were disinfected with 1% NaOCl for 1 min. Sections of symptomatic vascular tissue were plated on potato dextrose agar. After 3 days at 23 ± 1°C, colonies developed that were white and turned a grey to dark green color. Irregular, black microsclerotia (32.0) 63.1 ± 16.8 μm (106.1) × (18.7) 39.1 ± 12.3 μm (65.8) developed in hyaline hyphae after 8 days. Hyaline, elliptical, single-celled conidia (2.7) 3.8 ± 0.6 μm (4.8) × (1.9) 2.6 ± 0.5 μm (3.5) developed on verticillate conidiophores with three phialides at each node. Based on these morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Verticillium dahliae (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified for one isolate using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (3) and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JX308315). BLASTn analysis of the 479-bp segment showed 100% homology with the ITS sequence of a V. dahliae isolate (AB551206). Pathogenicity tests were performed twice using 60-day-old plants of T. tetragonioides. Unwounded roots of eight plants were dipped for 1 min in a conidial suspension (5 × 107 conidia/ml) of one isolate of V. dahliae obtained from the original infected New Zealand spinach plants, and grown in potato dextrose broth. The inoculated plants were transplanted into 2-liter pots (1 plant/pot) containing steamed potting mix (sphagnum peat-perlite-pine bark-clay; 50:20:20:10) and maintained in a growth chamber at 20 to 24°C and 50 to 80% RH. Eight plants immersed in sterile water served as a control treatment. Wilt symptoms were observed 30 days after inoculation, with vascular discoloration in the roots, crowns and stems. V. dahliae was reisolated consistently from infected tissues, but not from the control plants that remained healthy. Pathogenicity was also tested using the same method on plants of four cultivars (five plants/cultivar) of Spinacia oleracea (Matador, Asti, Merlo Nero, and America). Wilt symptoms developed on all cultivars and V. dahliae was reisolated from each inoculated plant. No fungal colonies were reisolated from control plants, which remained healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae on T. tetragonioides in Italy, as well in Europe. V. dahliae was reported on T. tetragonioides in Canada (2). At this time, the economic impact of Verticillium wilt on New Zealand Spinach in Italy is limited, although the use of this vegetable in Italy is increasing. References: (1) G. F. Pegg and B. L. Brady. Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 2002. (2) M. J. Richardson. Page 387 in: An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases, Fourth Edition. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland, 1990. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols. A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
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Herrán Sifuentes, Mike A. "LAGARTO PANCHO." Revista EDUCA UMCH 8 (December 26, 2016): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35756/educaumch.v8i0.48.

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El cielo se llenó de nubes y una sombra tenebrosa cubrió la montaña verde delBrasil. Pasaron las horas y la lluvia se hizo más intensa. La gente se resguardaba ensus cabañas hechas de palma. De repente, en la orilla del río, por encima del barro,comenzó a deslizarse, un enorme huevo color marfil, el cual fue abrazado por unaspiedras en forma de corazón.Una embarcación llamada Reina María I, se preparaba para partir del puertode Magazao llevando telas, con destino al puerto de Iquitos en el Perú. Se decía queaquellas hermosas telas que llevaban en su interior, gustaba mucho a los pobladoresde la ciudad vecina. Esta embarcación estaba dirigida por el capitán Vinicius, quien eraun hombre muy bondadoso, de noble sentimientos y sobre todo, justo. Cuando elcapitán se disponía a subir a su embarcación y próximo a partir, vislumbró cerca de élun hermoso huevo de color marfil, y pensó: “¿Desde cuándo estará este huevo enla orilla del rio? ¿Parece ser un huevo de lagarto?”Era raro para él, que entre la orilla del río hubiese un huevo rodeado de piedras.Pues los lagartos depositan sus huevos dentro de la vegetación para esconderlos delos depredadores. Continuó pensando que tal vez este haya sido arrasado por lacorriente y llevado hasta allí. De cualquier manera no puedo dejarlo ahí, pensó.Agarró el huevo para llevarlo entre sus brazos. Subió a la embarcación y lo dejódentro de una pequeña canasta.El Reina María I, estaba listo para partir. Los pobladores se despedíanemocionados de todos los pasajeros, ya que eran familiares de casi todo el pueblo.Y así fue. El barco zarpó lentamente con mucha tranquilidad, y los pasajeros muyfelices.Navegaron días y noches por las aguas del Amazonas. Aquel río que semostraba sereno y tranquilo. Cruzaron todo el Brasil, hasta llegar a Leticia que esla frontera que separa a Colombia, Brasil y Perú. En aquel puerto bajaron todos lostripulantes y pasajeros, necesitaban cambiar sus reales por soles.El capitán Vinicius hizo lo propio. Olvidando el huevo en el interior del barco.De pronto, el clima se puso feo, empezó a llover fuertemente, el cielo se llenó denubes negras y empezó a caer truenos, rayos y relámpagos, uno de esos rayosimpactó justo en medio de la embarcación. El capitán no podía creerlo. El ReinaMaría I, se estaba quemando. Pero eso no era lo único que le preocupaba, puesrecordó que el huevo que tanto había cuidado estaba vulnerable rodeado por esasllamas.Trataron de sujetar el barco, pero no se pudo, la corriente lo llevó hacia la otraorilla, y allí terminó de quemarse. Vinicius, no pudo contenerse y rompió a llorar. Sesentía culpable de todo. Cayó de rodillas al piso arcilloso y golpeaba con sus fuertesmanos morenas, su pecho.De pronto, algunos tripulantes vieron a lo lejos una canasta que salía triunfantede aquel humo negro. El capitán levantó la mirada y vio aquella escena. ¿Era elhuevo? Sí, lo era. Pidió una canoa para alcanzar a aquella canasta, pero, en el precisomomento en que se disponía subir a la embarcación artesanal, el río comenzó aincrementar su caudal y se puso turbulento. De todas maneras él quería ir a salvarlo,pero los pobladores no lo dejaron, pues era un riesgo para su vida.Vinicius vio alejarse por el horizonte a aquella canasta cubierta por una tela decolor verde y roja. Tristemente lloró, y mirando al cielo, pidió al Señor que protejaal único sobreviviente de la embarcación Reina María I.***El cielo amazónico relucía impecable, despejado y a lo lejos se distinguían losrayos del sol. Ainia parecía danzar en los aires, sus hermosas alas de color canela,jugueteaban con los rayitos de sol, que poco a poco empezaron a perderse en el azuldel cielo. Ainia, cantaba y cantaba, dando los buenos días a todos los habitantes delbosque amazónico, su melodía aguda sonaba ham, ham, ham, ham, haaaaaaaaaa.Cuando se preparaba para aterrizar entre las hojas flotantes, se encendieronrápidamente sus ojos de color miel; vislumbró una canasta solitaria y dijo:–¿Qué hace esa canasta en medio del Amazonas? ¡Tengo que investigarlo!Se apresuró a descender. Aterrizó suavemente, para no llamar la atención,encima de la canasta. Asomó su cabecita ploma dentro y de pronto vio unospequeños ojos rojos que se prendían presurosamente y se asustó. Retiró la cabezainmediatamente, pero como era muy curiosa, pensó que de repente era productode su imaginación, pues cómo podía haber unos ojos de color rojos. Nuevamentese asomó a la canasta, pero esta vez quitó con su pico ganchudo la tela que locubría, llevándolo por los aires hasta dejarlo encima de la copa de un árbol. Bajóinmediatamente y vio dentro de la canasta a un ser de color negro y pequeño, queestaba acostado encima de una camita blanca.–¿Quién eres?–preguntó ella.Pero él no respondió. Le increpó nuevamente:–¿De dónde vienes? –y tampoco respondió.Entonces le preguntó:–¿Estás de vacaciones? ¿Pero dónde están tus padres?No obtuvo ninguna respuesta. Dio varias vueltas alrededor de la canasta y viouna etiqueta que decía Pancho.–¡Ah ya sé, te llamas Pancho! ¿Cómo no se me ocurrió antes? –dijo el ave.El lagarto sonrió mostrando sus pequeños dientes, en un gesto de afirmación.Ainia, reflexionó por un momento, y susurró:–Pobre Pancho, debe de estar solo. ¿Quién podría abandonarlo? Se ve tanvulnerable y muy hambriento. Qué puedo hacer yo, si soy solo un ave de paso.Pancho miraba a aquella ave con dulzura e inocencia.Ainia, tomó vuelo. Subió a la copa de un árbol y cogió una especie de frutade apariencia morada, que por aquellos lugares le llaman caimito. Se lo entregó alpequeño Pancho e inmediatamente el caimito estaba en su estómago.Ainia, jaló la canasta hasta la orilla del río. Recogió la tela roja y verde que habíadejado encima de la copa del árbol. La amarró por el contorno del cuello de Pancho,simulando ser un pañuelo de marinero. Ainia, ayudó con mucho cuidado al pequeñoa descender de la canasta al suelo y se posó encima de él, y juntos ingresaron albosque.Respiraron una y otra vez. Sintieron el aire puro y fresco que parecía venirdesde aquellas grandes y verdes hojas frondosas. Para Pancho todo era nuevo,las hojas, las flores, los troncos, los frutos, no dejaba de sorprenderlo, Ainia muycontenta le explicaba todo lo que conocía, pues ella venía de un lugar muy lejanollamado Costa Rica. Y le dijo:–Como te habrás dado cuenta, mi pequeño, soy un ave aventurera, misabuelos eran mexicanos y mi madre nació en Venezuela, tengo muchos hermanos,primos y parientes que ni conozco, pero sé que existen; mi familia va desde el sur alnorte de toda América, lo cual hace de este Continente, mi hogar; tienes que saberque sé hablar muchos idiomas, pues mi familia siempre me enseñó que para podercomunicarme con los demás es necesario hablar su idioma. Cuando emprendí migran viaje por las islas centroamericanas tuve que hablar inglés, francés, holandésy español. Ah!… pero también sé hablar portugués y un poco de italiano. Estuveaprendiendo a hablar quechua y algunas lenguas nativas del Amazonas. Me gustamucho aprender nuevas culturas. Siento que es parte de mi historia. Pero bueno yahablé mucho de mí. Dime pancho, ¿tú sabes de dónde vienes?Y Pancho le respondió:–No. Yo no sé de dónde soy. Pero pienso que nací en el río, pues es ahí dondepor primera vez te vi.Entonces Ainia le preguntó:–¿Y por qué nunca saliste de esa canasta rota?Y él le respondió:–Pues me daba miedo. Afuera se escuchaba muy feo. Pero ya no tengo miedo,porque tú estás conmigo y sé que nada me va a pasar.Ainia le dijo:–Es correcto, precioso, entonces tú eres peruano. Porque te encontré cercade la Reserva Nacional de Marasha. Es un territorio hermoso y pertenece al Perú.Pancho se quedó callado por unos momentos y de repente exclamó dijo:–¡Soy peruano!Pancho había encontrado el lugar adonde pertenecía y se sentía muy feliz poreso.Los dos siguieron caminando y conversando por varias horas hasta que vierona unos seres trepados por los árboles que comían bananas. Y Pancho preguntó:–¿Qué son esos seres?Ainia le respondió:–Mira Pancho, los de ahí se llaman monos Titi, son más delgados que losmonos araña que están más arriba del árbol. Si alzas muchísimo más la mirada,podrás ver unos pájaros grandes de colores. ¿Lo ves?–Sí, los veo. ¿Y ellos cómo se llaman y por qué tienen la nariz tan grande? –preguntó Pancho.–Mira ellos se hacen llamar Tucanes y tienen el pico muy grande, porque esoles ayuda a controlar su temperatura corporal y también para pelar frutas –le dijoAinia.–Son muy hermosos –dijo Pancho–. Y rápidamente pensó en voz alta: –Cuando sea grande, seré un Tucán para poder volar por los cielos.Siguieron caminando y a lo lejos vieron unas nuevas aves, pero estas eran muydistintas. Pancho se sorprendió y dijo:–¿Por qué esos Tucanes no están volando y por qué tienen el pico tan corto?–Esas aves no son Tucanes. Son Gallitos de las rocas. El color naranja y negro esmuy característico en ellos. ¡Hey! Vamos, Conozco a uno de ellos, te lo presentaré–le dijo Ainia.–¿Cómo están chicos?–dijo Ainia.–¡Bien! ¿Y ustedes?–dijeron las aves–¡Pura vida! Les presento a Pancho. Él es peruano como ustedes –le explicóAinia.–Hola Pancho. Mucho gusto. Mira yo me llamo Florentino y él es Hilario.–Mucho gusto señores. Yo soy Pancho y como ven soy un lagarto.–Cuéntame amigo. ¿Hacia dónde van? –preguntó Florentino.–¡No lo sé! –le dijo Pancho con voz dudosa.Ainia interrumpió:–Estoy mostrándole al muchacho nuestro hogar. Hemos caminado tanto. ¡Quéya estamos cerca de llegar a Leticia! Pues hablé con un delfín rosado, quien me dijoque probablemente allá pueda encontrar más lagartos y de repente reconozcan aPancho.En eso Florentino interrumpió:–¡Ahhh!... Justo hoy se cumple un mes del naufragio de una embarcación ysería bueno que llevaran unas flores blancas como muestra de solidaridad. ¿Ainia, túsabes qué ocurrió aquel día?Y Ainia le respondió preocupada:–No lo sé.–Pues se dice que un barco venido del Brasil, trayendo telas, se quemó enmedio del Amazonas y que afortunadamente no hubo ningún herido, pero ahí noqueda todo, se cuenta que ese día ocurrió un milagro. El fuego empezó a incendiartodo. El capitán estaba desesperado por salvar una canasta que se encontraba dentrode la embarcación. Gritaba muy fuerte. Hasta lloró de la impotencia, pues no lograbasacar aquella canasta del fuego. Sin embargo, después de un largo rato salió flotandoaquella misma canasta que el capitán quería con tantas fuerzas salvar. Pero como nopudo alcanzarlo, rogó al Señor de los Cielos para que lo cuidara. Y por cierto, estabacubierta de una tela del mismo color del pañuelo que tiene este pequeño lagartito.¡Se cuenta que en aquella canasta había un huevo, pero nunca se supo qué clase dehuevo era! –sermoneó Florentino.Ainia, estaba muy impresionada y casi sin habla, porque intuía, que aquel huevoera Pancho. Y pensaba qué podría hacer. Por eso, presurosamente se despidió deaquellas hermosas aves y emprendió la marcha hacia Leticia.Caminaron por varias horas, hasta que llegaron a Leticia. Ainia invitó a Panchoa que jugara con algunas nutrias que estaban en aquel lugar. De repente aparecióel oficial Capibara y Ainia le pregunta sobre aquel barco que se quemó en el río.Y el confirmó todo lo que le había contado Florentino, pero añadió algo más. Queel nombre de la embarcación siniestrada era Reina María I y que venía del Brasil,exactamente de Magazao.Ainia no lo dudó y decidió partir hacia aquel lugar. Presentía que era su deber ira buscar a la familia de aquel inofensivo lagarto.Compró unos boletos de barco, con destino a Magazao. Llamó a Pancho y ledijo:–Amigo qué te parece si ahora vamos a visitar a unos parientes que tengo enel Brasil.Pancho se emocionó de poder conocer a más amigos. Subieron rápidamenteal barco que estaba por partir. Pancho miró por el cobertor y se despidió de lasnutrias. Él estaba muy feliz, era su primera vez en un barco. Se dispuso a comer uncaimito. Era una de sus frutas favoritas,De pronto sintió que alguien lo miraba y decidió saludarlo. Pero aquel pequeñopasajero se alejó de él para llamar rápidamente a su mamá, y dijo:–¡Mamá! ¡Mamá este lagarto feo y negro me quiere comer!Aquella mamá miró a Pancho y le dijo a su hijo:–¡Nicolás! No digas eso, que él es un niño igual que tú.La señora Hormiguero se acercó a Pancho y le dijo:–¿Pequeño, dónde está tu madre?Pancho alzó la mirada y triste le respondió:–Yo no conocí a mi mamá. Pero Ainia es como mi madre. Ella es muy buena yme cuida de todos los que quieren hacerme daño.–¡Ah! entiendo –dijo la señora Hormiguero. Te pido disculpas por elcomportamiento de mi hijo, Nicolás. ¡Hijo ven! Ofrécele unas disculpas a Pancho.Y el niño le expresó su disculpa por haberlo ofendido.La señora Hormiguero dijo con firmeza y sabiduría:–Nunca debemos juzgar a nadie por su apariencia, lo mejor de las personasno se ve…Y así pasaron los días. Hasta que llegaron al puerto de Magazao. Descendierondel barco y caminaron hacia donde había una señal de información turística,preguntaron si había alguna embarcación llamada Reina Isabel I. En ese momentoapareció por debajo de unos libros el señor serpiente, quien era el guía turístico y convoz ronca les dijo que esa embarcación nunca fue habilitada después del accidente.Ainia preguntó por el capitán. La serpiente pensativa les respondió:–Se dice que el capitán de aquella embarcación viajó muy lejos, hacia elhorizonte verde. No se sabe a dónde exactamente. Pero lo que se conoce es queél salvó a un huevo de lagarto que encontró cerca de su barco, antes de partir deeste puerto con dirección al puerto de Iquitos, y por esa acción es considerado elprotector de la selva amazónica sudamericana.Ainia entendió todo. Pancho era hijo de aquel honorable capitán. Y sabía queen algún lado del mundo su padre lo estaría buscando. Ella se comprometió a seguircuidándolo hasta que pudiera emprender su propia búsqueda y descubrir quién era.–¿A dónde vamos? –preguntó Pancho a Ainia.Y ella le respondió como susurrándole:–A casa, mi pequeño, a casa.
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Pereira, José Gomes, and Bárbara Inês Ribeiro Simões Daibert. "Uma análise sobre a subjetividade do “eu” nas metáforas da cor na obra O menino marrom, de Ziraldo / An Analysis About the Subjectivity of the “I” in the Metaphors of Color in Work The Brown Boy, by Ziraldo." O Eixo e a Roda: Revista de Literatura Brasileira 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2358-9787.30.2.54-75.

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Resumo: Este trabalho desenvolve uma abordagem crítica sobre a obra literária O menino marrom, do escritor Ziraldo. Publicado pela primeira vez em 1986, o livro apresentou como protagonista o menino marrom, que acabou conhecendo e fazendo amizade com o chamado menino cor-de-rosa. Tal obra descreveu os detalhes dessa amizade, frente às curiosidades pessoais, diferenças, valores humanos e questões raciais. O contexto da dúvida favoreceu, a cada um dos dois meninos, a construção de suas próprias identidades. Essa construção pode ser descrita sob três níveis: observação, comparação e relacionamento. Os personagens se observaram, compararam suas diferenças e conseguiram estabelecer um relacionamento de amizade, descobrindo traços de humanidade, respeito e convivência harmônica nas diversidades étnico-raciais. Considerando que o autor desenvolveu uma linguagem figurada, o propósito desta pesquisa é analisar as metáforas da cor, que permitem nivelar e tipificar as marcas de subjetividade do “eu”. Um “eu” em constante expansão, em torno de si, e na perspectiva do outro. Para tanto, serão utilizados, dentro de um quadro teórico-metodológico, os conceitos de identidade e alteridade de Zilá Bernd (1987, 1988) e os estudos pós-coloniais de Frantz Fanon (2008). Portanto, O menino marrom, de Ziraldo, é uma interessante ferramenta pedagógica da literatura infantil para ser desenvolvida em sala de aula, pois desarma a expectativa pré-estabelecida pela cultura europeia, do branco prevalecendo sobre o negro, e apresenta novas relações de ressignificação do mundo a partir da visão de duas crianças.Palavras-chave: preconceito; identidade; criança; cores; humanização.Abstract: This work develops a critical approach to the literary work The Brown Boy, by the writer Ziraldo. First published in 1986, the book featured as protagonist the brown boy, who ended up knowing and befriending the so-called pink boy. This work described the details of this friendship, in the face of personal curiosities, differences, human values and racial issues. The context of doubt favored, to each of the two boys, the construction of their own identities. This construction can be described under three levels: observation, comparison and relationship. The characters observed themselves, compared their differences and were able to establish a relationship of friendship, discovering traces of humanity, respect and harmonious coexistence in ethnic-racial diversities. Considering that the author has developed a figurative language, the purpose of this research is to analyze the metaphors of color, which allow to level and typify the subjectivity marks of the “I”. An ever-expanding “I”, around you, and from the perspective of the other. For this, the concepts of identity and otherness of Zilá Bernd (1987, 1988) and the postcolonial studies of Frantz Fanon (2008) will be used within a theoretical-methodological framework. Therefore, Ziraldo’s The Brown Boy is an interesting pedagogical instrument of children’s literature to be developed in the classroom, because it disarms the pre-established expectation by European culture, of white prevailing over black, and presents new relations of resignification of the world from the vision of two children.Keywords: prejudice; identity; children; colors; humanization.
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Uchida, Makoto, Kanji Otsuji, Yuto Shirase, Donald A. Tryk, Katsuyoshi Kakinuma, Junji Inukai, and Kenji Miyatake. "(Invited) Effect of Water Management in Membrane and Cathode Catalyst Layers on Suppressing the Performance Hysteresis Phenomenon in Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 43 (October 9, 2022): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02431621mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are vulnerable to water management problems, since water is produced at the anode and consumed at the cathode. Previously we found severe voltage losses when increasing the current density in an AEMFC with a commercial Fe–N–Cp cathode catalyst and an in-house-developed anion exchange ionomer (quaternized poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene), i.e., QPAF-4, developed in this laboratory (Figure 1)1,2. In the present work,3 we have clearly identified the problem as being related to water management and developed two approaches to alleviating the problem: i) by use of a thin hydrophilized membrane, the diffusivity of water at the surface was improved, and the severe I–V hysteresis was suppressed, despite the cell using an Fe–N–Cp cathode catalyst with high-water absorption (Figs. 2a and 3a); ii) the voltage loss was also alleviated by the use of a recently developed Fe–N–Cc catalyst with higher hydrophobicity, which decreased the absorption of back-diffusing water into the catalyst layer and increased the amount of water supplied to the reaction sites. These improvements have demonstrated that water transport is the main limitation for the previously reported hysteresis and provide strategies to achieve higher performance AEMFCs through proper water management and formation of water transport pathways (Figs. 2b and 3b). Acknowledgements This project was partly supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Japan through funds for the “Advanced Research Program for Energy and Environmental Technologies,” by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the Joint Research Projects (JRPs) program, and by the Japan Science and Technology (JST) through the Strategic International Collaborative Research Program (SICORP). We are grateful to Pajarito Powder supplying the Fe–N-Cp catalyst. Also, we are deeply grateful to Dr. Weilin Xu and Dr. Ping Song of Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry and Dr. Shuanjin Wang of Sun Yat-sen University for supplying the Fe–N-Cc catalyst, and to Takahata Precision Co. Ltd. for kindly providing the QPAF-4 membrane and ionomer. References H. Ono, T. Kimura, A. Takano, K. Asazawa, J. Miyake, J. Inukai, K. Miyatake, Robust anion conductive polymers containing perfluoroalkylene and pendant ammonium groups for high performance fuel cells, J. Mater. Chem. A 5 (2017) 24804–24812, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09409d. K. Otsuji, N. Yokota, D. A. Tryk, K. Kakinuma, K. Miyatake, M. Uchida, Performance hysteresis phenomena of anion exchange membrane fuel cells using an Fe–N–C cathode catalyst and an in-house developed polymer electrolyte, J. Power Sources, 487 (2021) 229407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229407 K. Otsuji, Y. Shirase, T. Asakawa, N. Yokota, K. Nagase, W. Xu, P. Song, S. Wang, D. A. Tryk, K. Kakinuma, J. Inukai, K. Miyatake, M. Uchida, J. Power Sources, 522 (2022) 230997, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.230997 Figure 1
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Moya-Elizondo, E. A., N. Arismendi, C. Montalva, and H. Doussoulin. "First Report of Fusarium sporotrichioides Causing Foliar Spots on Forage Corn in Chile." Plant Disease 97, no. 8 (August 2013): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1120-pdn.

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In southern Chile, forage corn (Zea mays L.) is grown for feeding animals in milk diaries and livestock production. In December 2010, corn plants with small circular spots on leaves were collected from three fields located in Río Negro (Los Lagos region). Symptoms began as small, circular white to brown spots of 5 to 10 mm on different parts of the leaf and necrotic tissue with irregular brown to burgundy margins on the border and tip of the leaf. Estimated visual severity was ~5 to 40% for each leaf from field samples. Twelve small blocks of tissue were taken from the edge of necrotic spots from infected leaves, surface disinfected (2 min in 95% ethanol, 2 min in 0.5% NaOCl, followed by three rinses with sterile distilled water), and then placed on PDA and incubated for 7 days at 24 ± 1°C. Seventy five percent of the sampled tissues developed fungal colonies and a 4-mm3 block of agar that contained the advancing hyphal edge of each colony was transferred to PDA and carnation leaf agar and incubated for 10 days at 24 ± 1°C. Colonies were fast growing with pink-white and dense mycelia; with a carmine red color on the undersurface of the plate and orange sporodochia; polyphialides abundant; microconidia abundant, oval or pear-shaped or spindle-shaped, thin walled, hyaline, often with a papilla at the base, and 5.5 to 12.2 × 2.0 to 3.2 μm. Macroconidia were sickle-shaped, 3 to 5 septate, moderately curved to straight, hyaline, thick walled, and 20.5 to 42.9 × 3.5 to 5.0 μm. Morphology of colonies and conidia matched the description of Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. (3). Identity of the fungus was confirmed by molecular characterization of the ITS and 18SrRNA regions (universal primers ITS4/5 and NS1/2, respectively) and the β-tubulin gene (primers Bt1a/Bt1b) of three isolates. BLAST searches of the obtained sequences had between 99 to 100% homology with several isolates of F. sporotrichioides from GenBank (Accession Nos. KC866343 to KC866351). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by dispensing 10 μl of a prepared spore suspension (107 spores/ml) on corn leaves (16 leaves). Negative controls were corn leaves inoculated with sterile distilled water. Inoculated corn leaves were kept at 25 ± 1°C in glass bell jars and monitored for the onset of symptoms for 10 days. The test was conducted twice. Additionally, 20 corn plants of four hybrid lines were inoculated with ~5 ml of a spore suspension (104 macroconidia/ml) 2 months after seeding under field conditions in Valdivia, Los Ríos region, Chile. Seventy five days after sowing, similar lesions to those initially observed on field infected leaves were observed on inoculated leaves but not on water controls. Under field conditions, an extended damage on borders of basal leaves and spots on stems and cobs was observed. The pathogen was reisolated from infected tissues, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. F. sporotrichioides is a frequent pathogen in corn silage (1) and cereal crops (3,4), and produces trichothecene mycotoxins that cause toxicosis in animals (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sporotrichioides causing foliar spot on forage corn in Chile and this disease could represent a serious risk of mycotoxin contamination in this crop. References: (1) H. Baath et al. Arch. Tierernahr. 40:397, 1990. (2) A. E. Desjardins et al. Phytopathology 79:170, 1989. (3) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. Page 256 in: The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing Professional, Hoboken, NJ, 2006. (4) R. H. Vargo et al. Plant Dis. 70:629, 1986.
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Rigolon, Walkiria De Oliveira, Lisandra Príncepe, and Rodnei Pereira. "Condições de trabalho no início da docência: elementos constituintes e repercussões no desenvolvimento profissional (Working conditions at the beginning of teaching: constituent elements and repercussions on professional development)." Revista Eletrônica de Educação 14 (October 9, 2020): 4195117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271994195.

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e4195117This essay aims to problematize the relationship between work condition and professional insertion, considering that the elements that constitute teaching work conditions can have a negative impact on professional development, needing to be taken into account when investigating the phenomenon of evasion and career abandonment, especially by beginning teachers. Assuming that the career is a process of marking and incorporating individuals into the institutionalized practices and routines of the work teams, which depends on positive conditions to consolidate and that it is through the structuring of the career that the objective conditions of the teaching work are manifested, some elements that make up the teaching career considered in this essay, are considered fundamental for the understanding of professional development: a) forms of hiring, b) working hours, c) the number of students per class and classes and of schools in which the beginning teacher teaches, d) the training times and the spaces offered by the institutions, e) the support offered to these professionals. We argue that any analysis that is intended to be made on the professional insertion in the teaching career needs to contemplate the innumerable cleavages that directly affect labor relations and that further intensify the difficulties faced by those who begin to exercise teaching work.ResumoEste ensaio tem como objetivo problematizar a relação entre condição de trabalho e inserção profissional, considerando que os elementos que constituem as condições de trabalho docente podem repercutir negativamente no desenvolvimento profissional, necessitando serem levados em consideração quando se investiga o fenômeno da evasão e do abandono da carreira, em especial pelos professores iniciantes. Partindo do princípio de que a carreira é um processo de marcação e de incorporação dos indivíduos às práticas e rotinas institucionalizadas das equipes de trabalho, que depende de condições positivas para se consolidar e que é por meio da estruturação da carreira que se manifestam as condições objetivas do trabalho docente, são apontados neste ensaio alguns elementos que compõem a carreira docente, considerados fundantes para a compreensão do desenvolvimento profissional: a) as formas de contratação, b) as jornadas de trabalho, c) o número de alunos por turma, de turmas e de escolas em que o professor iniciante leciona, d) os tempos e espaços de formação ofertados pelas instituições, e) os apoios ofertados a esses profissionais. Defendemos que qualquer análise que se pretenda fazer sobre a inserção profissional na carreira docente precisa contemplar as inúmeras clivagens que incidem diretamente nas relações de trabalho e que adensam ainda mais as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos que começam a exercer o trabalho docente.Palavras-chave: Condições de trabalho, Inserção à docência, Professor iniciante.Keywords: Working conditions, Teaching induction, Beginning teacher.ReferencesBLOMMAERT, Jan. Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: chronicles of complexity. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2013. 144 p.BRASIL. [Constituição (1988)]. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, [2016]. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/ Constituicao.htm. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2017.BRASIL. Lei nº 11.738, de 16 de Julho de 2008. Regulamenta a alínea “e” o inciso III do caput do art. 60 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias, para instituir o piso salarial profissional nacional para os profissionais do magistério público da educação básica. Diário Oficial da União, Poder Legislativo, Brasília, DF, 17 jul. 2008. p. 1. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2008/lei/l11738.htm>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2015.CASTEL, Robert. As metamorfoses da questão social: uma crônica do salário. Petropolis, RJ: Vozes, 1998. 611 p.CATANI, Denise Bárbara; BUENO, Belmira Oliveira; SOUZA, M. Cecília C.C.; SOUSA, Cynthia Pereira de (org.). Docência, memória e gênero: estudos sobre formação. São Paulo: Escrituras, 1997. 111 p.ELIAS, Norbert. A Sociedade dos indivíduos. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 1994. 224 p.ELIAS, Norbert; SCOTSON, John. Os estabelecidos e os outsiders. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 2000. 228 p.GATTI, Bernardete Angelina. Reconhecimento social e as políticas de carreira docente na educação básica. Cadernos de Pesquisa, São Paulo, v. 42, n. 145, p. 88-111, abr. 2012. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-15742012000100007. Acesso em: 07 jul. 2014.GATTI, Bernardete Angelina. Educação, escola e formação de professores: políticas e impasses. Educar em Revista, Curitiba, n. 50, p. 51-67, dez. 2013. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-40602013000400005&lng=pt&tlng=pt. Acesso em: 07 abr. 2020.GATTI, Bernardete Angelina; BARRETO, Elba Siqueira de Sá (coord.). Professores do Brasil: impasses e desafios. Brasília: UNESCO, 2009. E-book. Disponível em https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000184682. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2015. 285 p.GATTI, Bernadete Angelina; BARRETTO, Elba Siqueira de Sá; ANDRÉ, Marli Eliza Dalmazo de Afonso. Políticas docentes no Brasil: um estado da arte. Brasília, DF: UNESCO, 2011. E-book. Disponível em: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000212183. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2018.GOFFMAN, Erving. A representação do eu na vida cotidiana. 4. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1988. 231 p.GONÇALVES, José Alberto Mendonça. A carreira das professoras do ensino primário. In: NÓVOA, Antonio (org). Vida de professores. 2 ed. Porto: Porto Editora, 2013. p. 141-169.INSTITUTO PAULO MONTENEGRO. Ser professor: uma pesquisa sobre o que pensa o docente das principais capitais brasileiras. In: FUNDAÇÃO VICTOR CIVITA (São Paulo). Estudos & Pesquisas Educacionais. São Paulo: Fundação Victor Civita, 2010. p. 17-61. E-book. Disponível em: https://abrilfundacaovictorcivita.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/estudos_e_pesquisas_educacionais_vol_1.pdf. Acesso em: 07 mar. 2017.LAVAL, Christian. A escola não e? uma empresa: o neoliberalismo em ataque ao ensino público. Londrina: Planta, 2004. 324 p.LIMA, Emília Freitas de et al. Sobrevivendo ao início da carreira docente e permanecendo nela: como? por quê? o que dizem alguns estudos. Educação & Linguagem, São Paulo, v. 10, n. 15, p. 138-160, jul. 2007. Disponível em: https://www.metodista.br/revistas/revistas-ims/index.php/EL/article/view/161/171. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2015.LINHART, Danièle. Modernisation et précarisation de la vie au travail. Papeles del CEIC. [s.l.], vol. 43, p. 1-19, mar. 2009. Disponível em: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Modernisation-et-pr%C3%A9carisation-de-la-vie-au-travail-Linhart/1ce7e477f72942fae0d2d50b7b1d4938cd039c68. Acesso em: 31 maio 2018.LÜDKE, Menga; BOING, Luiz Alberto. Caminhos da profissão e da profissionalidade docentes. Educação & Sociedade, Campinas, v. 25, n. 89, p. 1159-1180, dez. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-73302004000400005&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt. Acesso em: 25 jun. 2017.MARCELO GARCÍA, Carlos. Formação de Professores: para uma mudança educativa. Porto: Editora Porto, 1999. 271 p.MARCELO, Carlos. O professor iniciante, a prática pedagógica e o sentido da experiência. Formação Docente: Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa sobre Formação de Professores, [s.l.], v. 2, n. 3, p. 11-49, ago./dez. 2010. Disponível em: https://revformacaodocente.com.br/index.php/rbpfp/article/view/17. Acesso em: 7 jul. 2014.MARCELO, Carlos. Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente: passado e futuro. Sísifo: Revista de Ciências da Educação, Lisboa, n. 8, p. 7-22, abr. 2009. Disponível em: https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/29247/Desenvolvimento_profissional_docente.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Acesso em: 01 abr. 2017.MEIRIEU, Philippe. Cartas a um jovem professor. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2006. 95 p.OLIVEIRA, Dalila Andrade; ASSUNÇÃO, Ada Ávila Condições de trabalho docente. In: OLIVEIRA, Dalila Andrade; DUARTE, Adriana Cancella; VIEIRA, Lívia Fraga. Dicionário: trabalho, profissão e condição docente. Belo Horizonte: UFMG/Faculdade de Educação, 2010. on-line. Disponível em: http://gestrado.net.br/?pg=dicionario-verbetes&id=390. Acesso em: 08 ago. 2013.PEREIRA, Rodnei. O desenvolvimento profissional de um grupo de coordenadoras pedagógicas iniciantes: movimentos e indícios de aprendizagem coletiva, a partir de uma pesquisa-formação. 251 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação: Psicologia da Educação) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017.PINTO, José Marcelino Rezende. Remuneração adequada do professor: desafio à educação brasileira. Retratos da Escola, Brasília, v. 3, n. 4, p. 51-67, jun. 2009. Disponível em: http://retratosdaescola.emnuvens.com.br/rde/article/view/101/290. Acesso em: 03 abr. 2013.PRÍNCEPE, Lisandra Marisa. Condições de trabalho e Desenvolvimento profissional de professores iniciantes em uma Rede Municipal de Educação. 2017. 231 f. Tese (Doutorado em Psicologia da Educação) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017.RIGOLON, Walkiria de Oliveira. O que muda quando tudo muda? Uma análise do trabalho docente dos professores alfabetizadores do Estado de São Paulo. 2013. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 2013.SAMPAIO, Maria das Merce?s Ferreira; MARIN, Alda Junqueira. Precarização do trabalho docente e seus efeitos sobre as práticas curriculares. Educação & Sociedade, [s.l.], v. 25, n. 89, p. 1203-1225, dez. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-73302004000400007&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt. Acesso em: 19 out. 2017.SENNETT, Richard. A corrosão do caráter: consequências pessoais do trabalho do novo capitalismo. 11. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2006. 204 p.SOARES NETO, Joaquim José et al. Uma escala para medir a infraestrutura escolar. Estudos em avaliação educacional, São Paulo, v.24, n.54, p. 78-99, abr. 2013. Disponível em: http://publicacoes.fcc.org.br/ojs/index.php/eae/issue/view/163/showToc. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2016.SOUZA, Aparecida N. de. Condições de trabalho na carreira docente: comparação Brasil-França. In: SEMINÁRIO INTERNACIONAL DE LA REDESTRADO, 7., 2008, Buenos Aires. Anais eletrônicos... Buenos Aires: Redestrado, 2008. Disponível em: http://redeestrado.org/?page_id=134. Acesso em: 05 maio 2017.SOUZA, Aparecida Neri de. Relações de trabalho docente: emprego e precarização do trabalho. In: PINO, Ivany Rodrigues; ZAN, Dirce Djanira Pacheco (org.). Plano Nacional da Educação (PNE): questões desafiadoras e desafios emblemáticos. Brasília: Inep, 2013. p. 155-167.TARDIF, Maurice. A profissionalização do ensino passados trinta anos: dois passos para a frente, três para trás. Educação & Sociedade. [s.l.) 34, n. 123, 2013, p. 551-571. Disponível em http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-73302013000200013. Acesso em 05 maio 2017.TARDIF, Maurice; RAYMOND, Danielle. Saberes, tempo e aprendizagem do trabalho no magistério. Educação & Sociedade, Campinas, v. 21, n. 73, p209-244, dez. 2000. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-73302000000400013&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt>. Acesso em 05 maio 2017.ZARAGOSA. José Manuel Esteve. O mal-estar docente: a sala-de-aula e a saúde dos professores. Bauru: EDUSC, 1999. 175 p.
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De Souza Penaloza, Andréa del Pilar, and José Fransisco Montenegro Valls. "Número cromosómico y morfología del cromosoma satelitado en once espécies de Arachis (Leguminosae)." Bonplandia 14, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2005): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.141-21388.

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<span style="line-height: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: Arial; color: #363435; letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Se determin&oacute; el n&uacute;mero cromos&oacute;mico de once especies recientemente descriptas del g&eacute;nero</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: Arial; color: #363435; letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: Arial; color: #363435; letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Arach&iacute;</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: Arial; color: #363435; letter-spacing: -.35pt;">s</span></em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: Arial; color: #363435;">, <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">pertenecientes</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">cinco</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">secciones</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">taxon&oacute;micas.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">En</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">Arach&iacute;s,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">Gregory&iacute;</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Krapov&iacute;ckas&iacute;&iacute; </span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">presentan</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">2n520</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">cromosomas</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">sin</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">el</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">par</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">&ldquo;A&rdquo;,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">mientras</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">l&iacute;near&iacute;fol&iacute;a</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Sch&iacute;n&iacute;n&iacute;</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">&iacute;</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">presentan</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">2n520, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">incluyendo</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">el</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">par</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">&ldquo;A&rdquo;,</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">t&iacute;pico</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">del</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">genomio</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">A</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">hypogae</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">a</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Arach&iacute;s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Sch&iacute;n&iacute;n&iacute;</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">&iacute;</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">presenta</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">caracter&iacute;sticas citol&oacute;gicas</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(presencia</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">del</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">par</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">&ldquo;A&rdquo;)</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">morfol&oacute;gicas</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">distintas</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">Hoehne</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">&iacute;</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">bajo</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">cual</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">estuvo</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">incluida. <em>Arach&iacute;s</em></span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">submarg&iacute;nat</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">a</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Extranervosa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">e</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">),</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Pflugea</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">e</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Hassler</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">&iacute;</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Procumbente</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">s</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">),</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">A. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">ser&iacute;do&eacute;ns&iacute;s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;"> </span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">y</span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">&iacute;nterrupt</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">a</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">(secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">Heteranthae</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">tambi&eacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">presentan</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">2n520.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Una</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">especie</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la secci&oacute;n </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">Rh&iacute;zomatosa</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">e</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">n&iacute;t&iacute;d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">a</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">es</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">tetraploide,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">con</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">2n540,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">pero</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">morfol&oacute;gicamente</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">distinta</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">las</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">dem&aacute;s especies</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">tetraploides</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">.</span><em><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">En</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">la</span><em><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">Erecto&iacute;de</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;">s</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">nueva</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">especie</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">A.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">porphyrocalyx </span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">presenta</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">2n518.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Este</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">es</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">el</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">primer</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">recuento</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">18</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">cromosomas</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">en</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">especies</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Arach&iacute;s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">que</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">no pertenecen</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">a</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Arach&iacute;</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">s</span></em><span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">su</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">origen</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">no</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">est&aacute;</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">asociado</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">al</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">origen</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">los</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">18</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">cromosomas</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">las tres</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">especies</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">de</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la</span> <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">secci&oacute;n</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><em><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Arach&iacute;</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">s</span></em>.</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 29.65pt; margin-left: 33pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.05pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: Arial; color: black;"></span></p>
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Dimpflmeier, Fabiana. "Pino Boero, Walter Forchesato, Felice Pozzo, Il Corsaro Nero; Nel mondo di Emilio Salgari." Belphégor, no. 11-1 (April 5, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belphegor.183.

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