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Journal articles on the topic 'Pinnipedia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Beklemisheva, Violetta R., Polina L. Perelman, Natalya A. Lemskaya, Anastasia A. Proskuryakova, Natalya A. Serdyukova, Vladimir N. Burkanov, Maksim B. Gorshunov, et al. "Karyotype Evolution in 10 Pinniped Species: Variability of Heterochromatin versus High Conservatism of Euchromatin as Revealed by Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics." Genes 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121485.

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Pinnipedia karyotype evolution was studied here using human, domestic dog, and stone marten whole-chromosome painting probes to obtain comparative chromosome maps among species of Odobenidae (Odobenus rosmarus), Phocidae (Phoca vitulina, Phoca largha, Phoca hispida, Pusa sibirica, Erignathus barbatus), and Otariidae (Eumetopias jubatus, Callorhinus ursinus, Phocarctos hookeri, and Arctocephalus forsteri). Structural and functional chromosomal features were assessed with telomere repeat and ribosomal-DNA probes and by CBG (C-bands revealed by barium hydroxide treatment followed by Giemsa staining) and CDAG (Chromomycin A3-DAPI after G-banding) methods. We demonstrated diversity of heterochromatin among pinniped karyotypes in terms of localization, size, and nucleotide composition. For the first time, an intrachromosomal rearrangement common for Otariidae and Odobenidae was revealed. We postulate that the order of evolutionarily conserved segments in the analyzed pinnipeds is the same as the order proposed for the ancestral Carnivora karyotype (2n = 38). The evolution of conserved genomes of pinnipeds has been accompanied by few fusion events (less than one rearrangement per 10 million years) and by novel intrachromosomal changes including the emergence of new centromeres and pericentric inversion/centromere repositioning. The observed interspecific diversity of pinniped karyotypes driven by constitutive heterochromatin variation likely has played an important role in karyotype evolution of pinnipeds, thereby contributing to the differences of pinnipeds’ chromosome sets.

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2

Kuzin, Alexey E. "To morphological description of cardiovascular system in pinnipeds (Pinnipedia)." Izvestiya TINRO 182, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-182-69-80.

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Morphometric parameters of the heart, the absolute and relative caliber of the aortic arch and the major arterial trunks are determined for northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus , Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus , spotted seal Phoca largha , harbor seal Phoca vitulina stejnegeri , and ribbon seal Histriophoca fasciata . The value of cardiac index, the thickness of ventricular wall, and the relative diameter of arterial trunks correlate well with energy expenditures of the entire body of mammals or their certain organs during the life cycle. The hypothesis is confirmed on seals’ adaptation to asphyxia by pronounced dilatation of the aorta ascending that ensures constant blood pressure and supports perfusion of brain and cardiac tissue.

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3

Harrison, R. J., L. Harrison Matthews, and J. M. Roberts. "Reproduction in some Pinnipedia." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 27, no. 5 (July 7, 2010): 437–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1952.tb00001.x.

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4

Mivart, George. "1. Notes on the Pinnipedia." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 53, no. 3 (August 21, 2009): 484–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1885.tb07856.x.

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5

ÁRNASON, ÚLFUR. "Comparative chromosome studies in Pinnipedia." Hereditas 76, no. 2 (February 12, 2009): 179–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01340.x.

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6

Bastida, Ricardo, Viviana Quse, María Paz Martinoli, and Atilio Francisco Zangrando. "First record of tuberculosis lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds. New aspects of the pre-european origin of human tuberculosis in South America and dissemination mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii in the Southern Hemisphere." Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37603/2250.7728.v24.n3.28917.

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In 2003 Mycobacterium pinnipedii was described as responsible for producing tuberculosis (TB) in living otariid pinnipeds from Argentina and Australia. It is the only member of marine origin within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), which also affects other domestic and wild mammals, and humans. Based on several pre-Columbian records of human tuberculosis in South America, in 2010-2011 a new hypothesis about the origin of this zoonosis through otariid pinnipeds arose. In 2014, this hypothesis was confirmed based on the study of ancient DNA from three mummies (700-1,000 years BP) of the Chiribaya culture (Peru). Since there were no records of TB bone lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds from South America and the rest of the world, our study aimed at examining zooarchaeological samples of pinnipeds from coastal sites of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), being the oldest Túnel I (6,400-4,300 years BP). A total of 4,138 vertebrae were analyzed, of which 0.46 % showed lesions compatible with TB. In addition, we propose a new hypothesis on possible mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii dissemination that would explain the transmission routes to the different otariid pinniped species of the Southern Hemisphere. Mycobacterium pinnipedii is one of the most aggressive mycobacteria of the MTBC and of high risk for humans.

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7

Rule, James P., David P. Hocking, and Erich M. G. Fitzgerald. "Pliocene monachine seal (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) from Australia constrains timing of pinniped turnover in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): e1734015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1734015.

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8

Caudron, Abigail K., Andrei A. Kondakov, and Serguei V. Siryanov. "Acoustic Structure and Individual Variation of Grey Seal (Halichoerus Grypus) Pup Calls." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041680.

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Throughout lactation, pups of pinnipeds regularly vocalize, including during interactions with their mother. In all studied species of otariids and in some phocids, these calls exhibit sufficient acoustic variation for individual recognition. As female grey seals Halichoerus grypus (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) often pup in dense colonies, and regularly leave their offspring alone to go to sea, the selective pressure for mutual vocal recognition between mothers and pups could be high. To investigate call variation in pups of this species, 170 calls of ten individual pups were analysed. Out of seven acoustic features studied, location of maximum signal strength, the number of harmonics and the frequency and strength of the fundamental show the highest individuality. However, the apparent infrequent use of pup calls during mother-pup reunions suggests that vocal signals may not play the major role in pup discrimination by female grey seals, as observed in other phocids which females do not vocalize to their pup.

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9

Shaughnessy, Peter D., and Margaret Christian. "Seals (Pinnipedia) at Norfolk Island, south-west Pacific." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15035.

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Five seals were observed at Norfolk Island (29°S, 168°E) between 2000 and 2013. Two have been identified as Arctocephalus forsteri on the basis of photographs, a juvenile or weaned pup that weighed 9.5 kg and a subadult male. The nearest known aggregation of these fur seals is at Three Kings Islands (34°S, 172°E), 700 km to the south-east. Because New Zealand fur seals are increasing in abundance in New Zealand and Australia, sightings of vagrant fur seals at Norfolk Island are likely to increase.

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10

Cullen, Thomas M., Danielle Fraser, Natalia Rybczynski, and Claudia Schröder-Adams. "EARLY EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND POLYGYNY IN PINNIPEDIA." Evolution 68, no. 5 (February 18, 2014): 1469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.12360.

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11

Lewis, Robert E., Joanne H. Lewis, and Sana I. Atallah. "A review of Lebanese mammals. Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Hyracoidea and Artiodactyla*." Journal of Zoology 154, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb01683.x.

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12

HARRISON, R. J., and J. D. W. TOMLINSON. "OBSERVATIONS ON THE VENOUS SYSTEM IN CERTAIN PINNIPEDIA AND CETACEA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 126, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1956.tb00433.x.

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13

Macdonald, Alastair A., Christopher Dixon, and Ian L. Boyd. "Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in the Pinnipedia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-100.

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The structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from eight genera of pinnipeds was studied using the scanning electron microscope. Specimens were obtained from fetuses or neonates of the Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus), Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), walrus (Obenus rosmarus), grey seal (Halichoerus gryphus), ringed seal (Phoca hispida), bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli), and crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus). In each species, the structure that permits oxygenated blood from the placenta flowing in the caudal vena cava to pass directly into the left side of the heart, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava had the appearance of the entrance to a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the septum primum, projected from the caudal edge of the foramen ovale into the lumen of the left atrium. It constituted about 75% of the inner surface of the tunnel, and was generally unfenestrated. The wall of the interatrial septum contributed the "floor." The distal end of the tunnel was straight-edged. In most cases the septum primum was long enough to cover the foramen ovale. The siting of pulmonary veins in the roof of the left atrium appeared to be such that drainage from them after birth would press the septum primum over the foramen opening, thereby functionally closing it. Collapses of the tunnel was seen in all the neonatal seals, and in the 1-month-old neonate the fold of tissue was anchored to the interatrial septum along the surface of the crista dividens, which lay in the left atrium. Cellular protrusions and thread formation may play a role in the closure of the foramen ovale.

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14

Kienle, Sarah S., and Annalisa Berta. "The evolution of feeding strategies in phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38, no. 6 (November 2, 2018): e1559172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1559172.

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15

LIN, Hong-xi, Traute KLEINSCHMIDT, Gerhard BRAUNITZER, and Hans-Georg SCHEIL. "Carnivora: The Primary Structure of Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli,Pinnipedia) Hemoglobin." Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 370, no. 2 (January 1989): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bchm3.1989.370.2.707.

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16

Diessler, M. E., L. Migliorisi, M. E. I. Márquez, J. Negrete, J. A. Mennucci, C. N. Zanuzzi, M. A. Miglino, and C. G. Barbeito. "Microscopic features of the placenta of Mirounga leonina (carnivora, pinnipedia, phocidae)." Placenta 36, no. 4 (April 2015): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.534.

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17

Reich, Coralie M., and John P. Y. Arnould. "Evolution of Pinnipedia lactation strategies: a potential role for α-lactalbumin?" Biology Letters 3, no. 5 (August 14, 2007): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0265.

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Despite the considerable variation in milk composition found among mammals, a constituent common across all groups is lactose, the main sugar and osmole in most eutherians milk. Exceptions to this are the families Otariidae (fur seals and sea lions) and Odobenidae (walruses), where lactose has not been detected. We investigated the molecular basis for this by cloning α-lactalbumin, the modifier protein of the lactose synthase complex. A mutation was observed which, in addition to preventing lactose production, may enable otariids to maintain lactation despite the extremely long inter-suckling intervals during the mother's time at sea foraging (more than 23 days in some species).

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18

Fiorito, C., J. Marfil, E. Falzoni, M. Martínez Vivot, M. Zumárraga, D. Lombardo, and S. Barandiaran. "Tuberculosis in wild South American sea lions Otaria flavescens stranded in Chubut, Argentina." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 142 (November 19, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03520.

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Pinniped tuberculosis, commonly caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii, is a zoonotic disease reported in free-living and captive otariid species of the southern hemisphere. Currently, data concerning pinniped tuberculosis in South America are scarce, reinforcing the need for further studies of the disease in free-ranging pinnipeds. In this study, we investigated the presence of tuberculosis in South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (SASLs) stranded along the Chubut coastline (Argentina). Necropsies were performed in 9 SASLs, and tissue samples were collected for histopathology, bacteriology, and molecular diagnosis. Four SASLs showed enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs) with multifocal to coalescing granulomas. In these animals, a direct IS6110-PCR amplification confirmed the presence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex member in TBLNs (n = 4) and lungs (n = 2), but the agent could not be further identified. In one SASL, Mycobacterium murale was isolated from lungs without lesions. This study confirms the presence of tuberculosis in SASLs from Chubut, where tourist activities promote close interaction with the animals, generating a potential risk to human health. Further research is currently focusing on addressing the prevalence of tuberculosis in wild SASLs, to assess the risk for public health and develop management strategies to avoid human infection.

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19

Drago, Massimiliano, Luís Cardona, Enrique A. Crespo, Néstor García, Santiago Ameghino, and Alex Aguilar. "Change in the foraging strategy of female South American sea lions (Carnivora: Pinnipedia) after parturition." Scientia Marina 74, no. 3 (June 7, 2010): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3589.

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20

Baker, CS, BL Chilvers, R. Constantine, S. DuFresne, RH Mattlin, A. van Helden, and R. Hitchmough. "Conservation status of New Zealand marine mammals (suborders Cetacea and Pinnipedia), 2009." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 2 (June 2010): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2010.482970.

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21

Yu, Li, Wei Jin, Xin Zhang, Ding Wang, Jin-song Zheng, Guang Yang, Shi-xia Xu, Soochin Cho, and Ya-ping Zhang. "Evidence for Positive Selection on the Leptin Gene in Cetacea and Pinnipedia." PLoS ONE 6, no. 10 (October 27, 2011): e26579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026579.

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22

Arnould, J. P. Y., and R. M. Warneke. "Growth and condition in Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) (Carnivora : Pinnipedia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2002): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01077.

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Mass and length growth models were determined for male (n = 69) and female (n = 163) Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) collected at a breeding colony on Seal Rocks (38˚31′S, 145˚06′E), Bass Strait, in south-east Australia, between February and November during 1970–72. Growth was best described by the logistic model in males and the von Bertalanffy model in females. Asymptotic mass and length were 229 kg and 221 cm for males, and 85 kg and 163 cm for females. In all, 95% of asymptotic mass and length were attained by 11 years and 11 years, respectively, in males compared with 9 years and 5 years, respectively, in females. Males grew in length faster than females and experienced a growth spurt in mass coinciding with the onset of puberty (4–5 years). The onset of puberty in females occurs when approximately 86% of asymptotic length is attained. The rate of growth and sexual development in Australian fur seals is similar to (if not faster than) that in the conspecific Cape fur seal (A. p. pusillus), which inhabits the nutrient-rich Benguela current. This suggests that the low marine productivity of Bass Strait may not be cause of the slow rate of recovery of the Australian fur seal population following the severe over-exploitation of the commercial sealing era. Sternal blubber depth was positively correlated in adult animals with a body condition index derived from the residuals of the mass–length relationship (males: r2 = 0.38, n = 19, P < 0.001; females: r2 = 0.22, n = 92, P < 0.001), confirming the validity of using such indices on otariids. Sternal blubber depth varied significantly with season in adult animals. In males it was lowest in winter and increased during spring prior to the breeding season (r2 = 0.39, n = 19, P < 0.03) whereas in females it was greatest during winter (r2 = 0.05, n = 122, P< 0.05).

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23

Silveira, Tony, Pedro Quevedo, Mariana Remião, Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo, Vinicius Farias Campos, and Adalto Bianchini. "Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in Mirounga leonina Linnaeus, 1758 (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from Elephant Island." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4, no. 3 (March 2016): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.4.2016j5-251.

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24

Viglino, Mariana, Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro, Aldo Benites-Palomino, Atzcalli Ehécatl Hernández-Cisneros, Carolina S. Gutstein, Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández, Jorge Velez-Juarbe, Mario A. Cozzuol, Monica R. Buono, and Carolina Loch. "Aquatic mammal fossils in Latin America – a review of records, advances and challenges in research in the last 30 years." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 18, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00295.

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Records of aquatic mammal fossils (e.g. cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, mustelids, and desmostylians) from Latin America (Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, including Antartica) span since the mid-1800s. Aquatic mammal fossils received little attention from the scientific community, with most of the first studies conducted by Northern Hemisphere researchers. Over the last 30 years, paleontological research in Latin America has increased considerably, with descriptions of several new species and revisions of published original records. The Latin American fossil record of marine mammals spans from the Eocene to the Pleistocene, with formations and specimens of global significance. All three main groups of cetaceans are represented in the continent (Archaeoceti, Mysticeti, and Odontoceti). Pinnipedia are represented by the families Otariidae and Phocidae, with records starting in the Middle Miocene. Both living families of Sirenia (Trichechidae and Dugongidae) are recorded. While less common, but still relevant, records of desmostylians and mustelids are known from Oligocene and Miocene deposits. This review provides a summary of the aquatic mammals known to date, with a special focus on the advances and developments of the last 30 years, since Cozzuol’s (1996) review of the South American fossil record. An up-to-date complete list of species based on the literature and unpublished data is also provided. The study also provides future directions for paleontological research in Latin America, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in the field, including the emergence of a strong new generation of Latin American researchers, many of whom are women.

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25

Fulton, Tara Lynn, and Curtis Strobeck. "Multiple markers and multiple individuals refine true seal phylogeny and bring molecules and morphology back in line." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1684 (November 25, 2009): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1783.

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Despite decades of study, some aspects of Phocidae (Pinnipedia, Carnivora) phylogeny still remain unresolved. Using the largest novel dataset to date, including all extant phocids and comprising 15 nuclear and 13 mitochondrial genes, we illustrate the utility of including multiple individuals per species in resolving rapid radiations, and provide new insight into phocid phylogeny. In line with longstanding morphological views, Pusa is recovered as monophyletic for the first time with genetic data. The data are also used to explore the relationship between genetic distance and taxonomic rank. Intraspecific sampling also highlights the discrepancy between molecular and morphological rates of evolution within Phocidae.

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26

Sanfelice, Daniela, and Jorge Ferigolo. "Estudo comparativo entre os sincrânios de Otaria byronia e Arctocephalus australis (Pinnipedia, Otariidae)." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 98, no. 1 (March 2008): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212008000100001.

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Observou-se grande variabilidade anatômica no sincrânio de Otaria byronia (Blainville, 1820) e de Arctocephalus australis (Zimmerman, 1783), com correspondentes implicações na sistemática dos Otariidae. As principais diferenças observadas entre as duas espécies foram a largura do rostro, exposição (ou não) do etmóide na órbita, vacuidade palatino/pterigóide, extensão do maxilar, concavidade e forma do palato, tamanho/forma da órbita/processo supra-orbital, altura/forma do palato, tamanho/forma da órbita/processo supra-orbital, altura/forma do arco zigomático, forma do hâmulo pterigóide, tamanho de processos e cristas em geral, esfenóide e neurocrânio; presença ou não do canal vidiano e transverso; forma do pétreo e proporções do processo angular secundário. Enquanto algumas diferenças (etmóide) são bastante incomuns entre espécies contemporâneas pertencentes à mesma família, muitas outras são de natureza alométrica. Algumas diferenças são peramórficas: tamanho do crânio, do palato e das cristas (hipermórficos em O. byronia). Outros caracteres são pedomórficos em O. byronia: forame incisivo, processo maxilar do frontal e canais vidianos. As principais diferenças entre machos e fêmeas de O. byronia, e similiraridades entre os machos desta espécie e A. australis estão relacionadas a modificações no tempo/taxa de desenvolvimento. Alguns caracteres usualmente empregados na sistemática do grupo não foram corroborados, principalmente referentes à fossa naso-labialis, sutura jugo-temporal, meato acústico interno, entotimpânico e extensão do pétreo.

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27

Gales, N. J., P. D. Shaughnessy, and T. E. Dennis. "Distribution, abundance and breeding cycle of the Australian sea lionNeophoca cinerea(Mammalia: Pinnipedia)." Journal of Zoology 234, no. 3 (November 1994): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04853.x.

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28

LIN, Hong-xi, Traute KLEINSCHMIDT, Murray L. JOHNSON, and Gerhard BRAUNITZER. "Carnivora: The Primary Structure of the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens,Pinnipedia) Hemoglobin." Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 370, no. 1 (January 1989): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bchm3.1989.370.1.135.

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29

Кузин, А. Е., and А. М. Трухин. "Масса позвонков по отделам позвоночного столба у ластоногих (Pinnipedia) и способ их локомоции." Зоологический журнал 93, no. 11 (2014): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0044513414110063.

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30

Beklemisheva, Violetta R., Polina L. Perelman, Natalya A. Lemskaya, Anastasia I. Kulemzina, Anastasia A. Proskuryakova, Vladimir N. Burkanov, and Alexander S. Graphodatsky. "The Ancestral Carnivore Karyotype As Substantiated by Comparative Chromosome Painting of Three Pinnipeds, the Walrus, the Steller Sea Lion and the Baikal Seal (Pinnipedia, Carnivora)." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): e0147647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147647.

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31

Петров, Е. А., А. Б. Купчинский, В. А. Фиалков, and А. А. Бадардинов. "Значение береговых лежбищ в жизни байкальской нерпы ( Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788, Pinnipedia). 1. Обзор." Зоологический журнал 100, no. 5 (2021): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044513421050111.

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32

Loch, Carolina, Paulo C. Simões-Lopes, and César J. Drehmer. "Numerical anomalies in the dentition of southern fur seals and sea lions (Pinnipedia: Otariidae)." Zoologia (Curitiba) 27, no. 3 (June 2010): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-46702010005000001.

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33

Rybczynski, Natalia, Mary R. Dawson, and Richard H. Tedford. "A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia." Nature 458, no. 7241 (April 2009): 1021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07985.

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34

Waindok, Patrick, Kristina Lehnert, Ursula Siebert, Iwona Pawliczka, and Christina Strube. "Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Acanthocephala in pinnipedia of the North and Baltic Seas." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 7, no. 1 (April 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.01.002.

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35

Drehmer, César Jaeger, Jorge Ferigolo, and Eduardo Sérgio Borsato. "Ocorrência de Mirounga leonina Linnaeus (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) no extremo-sul do Brasil: agressão e patologias." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 15, no. 4 (December 1998): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81751998000400023.

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36

Tedman, R. A. "Morphology of the reproductive tract of a juvenile male Ross Seal, Ommatophoca rossii (Pinnipedia: Phocidae)." Australian Mammalogy 14, no. 1 (1991): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am91007.

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Churchill, Morgan, Mark T. Clementz, and Naoki Kohno. "Predictive equations for the estimation of body size in seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Pinnipedia)." Journal of Anatomy 225, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12199.

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Kienle, Sarah S., and Annalisa Berta. "The better to eat you with: the comparative feeding morphology of phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae)." Journal of Anatomy 228, no. 3 (December 9, 2015): 396–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12410.

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Hindell, MA, DJ Slip, and HR Burton. "The Diving Behavior of Adult Male and Female Southern Elephant Seals, Mirounga-Leonina (Pinnipedia, Phocidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 5 (1991): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910595.

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Over 50 000 individual dive records collected by time-depth recorders were analysed with respect to sex of the seal, time of year and the approximate geographic location of the dive. Six distinct dive types were described on the basis of parameters such as the amount of time spent at the maximum depth of the dive, the rate of ascent and descent, and the general form of the dive profile. These dive types were 'rest' dives, 'travel' dives, 'surface' dives, 'general non-foraging' dives, 'pelagic foraging' dives and 'benthic foraging' dives. The seals spent 90% of their time at sea submerged. Less than 2% of the time was spent on the surface in intervals of more than 10 min. A further 20-30% of the time was spent on the various non-foraging types of dives. Most females performed only 'pelagic foraging' dives, while males performed both 'pelagic' and 'benthic foraging' dives. All the 'benthic foraging' dives occurred in Area 3 (defined by water-temperature data as lying over the Antarctic Continental Shelf) and were 400-500 m deep. 'Pelagic foraging' dives occurred in all three foraging areas and ranged in depth from 200 to 1100 m. These types of dives also exhibited marked diurnal variations in depth, unlike 'benthic foraging' dives. The seals spent 10-20 min at the bottom of each 'foraging' dive, where they generally displayed a series of small changes in depth (wiggles). The size of these 'wiggles' tended to be larger in 'pelagic foraging' dives than in 'benthic foraging' dives. The diving behaviour of southern elephant seals is related to the possible prey they exploit in the Southern Ocean.

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Lisitsyna, O. I., O. Kudlai, T. R. Spraker, and T. A. Kuzmina. "New Records on Acanthocephalans from California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) from California, USA." Vestnik Zoologii 52, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0019.

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Abstract To increase the currently limited knowledge addressing acanthocephalans parasitizing California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 33 animals including pups, juvenile and adult males and females from the Marine Mammal Center (TMMC), Sausalito, California, USA were examined. Totally, 2,268 specimens of acanthocephalans representing five species from the genera Andracantha (A. phalacrocoracis and Andracantha sp.), Corynosoma (C. strumosum and C. obtuscens) and Profilicollis (P. altmani) were found. Profilicollis altmani and A. phalacrocoracis, predominantly parasitize fish-eating birds; they were registered in Z. californianus for the first time. Prevalence and intensity of California sea lion infection and transmission of acanthocephalans in these hosts of different age groups were analyzed and discussed. We provide brief morphological descriptions of the five species of acanthocephalan found in California sea lions.

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ÁRNASON, ÚLFUR. "The role of chromosomal rearrangement in mammalian speciation with special reference to Cetacea and Pinnipedia." Hereditas 70, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1972.tb00999.x.

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Berta, Annalisa, Sarah Kienle, Giovanni Bianucci, and Silvia Sorbi. "A Reevaluation ofPliophoca Etrusca(Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Implications." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): e889144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.889144.

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Naughton, George P., Matthew L. Keefer, Tami S. Clabough, Michael A. Jepson, Steven R. Lee, Christopher A. Peery, and Christopher C. Caudill. "Influence of pinniped-caused injuries on the survival of adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Columbia River basin." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 9 (September 2011): 1615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-064.

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Increasing pinniped abundance in the Pacific Northwest has coincided with population declines of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) and steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and concentrated predation may affect the recovery of some threatened and endangered salmonid stocks. We used radiotelemetry to evaluate pinniped-caused injury effects on migration survival of 17 007 adult Columbia River Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and steelhead trout. Injuries from pinnipeds were common (mean injury rate across 29 run-years = 36.5%) and were most common for spring Chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Injury was not consistently associated with adult survival to spawning tributaries, but some negative survival effects were detected. Pinniped-caused injury rates decreased as annual run sizes increased, indicating density-dependent or saturation effects. Within a run, large fish generally had a higher injury incidence than small fish, suggesting pinnipeds targeted large fish or more efficiently captured small fish. Seasonal, size-dependent, and density-dependent results imply that pinniped effects likely differ widely among salmonid populations within the Columbia River basin. A better understanding of these effects is needed to guide management and conservation strategies.

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Katz, Helena, Diana Morgades, and Miguel Castro-Ramos. "Pathological and Parasitological Findings in South American Fur Seal Pups (Arctocephalus australis) in Uruguay." ISRN Zoology 2012 (December 17, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/586079.

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This paper presents the necropsy findings in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) pups from Uruguayan colonies. Animals (n=105) were aged between 0 and 18 months old. From 0 to 6 months, 69.4% of the pups showed a poor body condition, while 68.8% of animals from 7 to 18 months had fair-to-good body condition. From 6 to 7 months of age, the stomach content included fishes, crustaceans, and foreign bodies. Starvation in the first months of life and traumatic lesions in pups older than 9 months were the most frequent causes of death. Uncinaria spp. was the only parasite found in the small intestine between 0 and 6 month-old pups. Parasites with indirect cycle (Contracaecum spp., Corynosoma sp., Tetrabothriidae) were present from 6 months of age as well as the first report of the nematode Strongyloides spp. in pinnipeds. Orthohalarachne spp. was found in the respiratory tract. Mycobacterium pinnipedii was isolated from 9 animals without gross pathological lesions. Other pathological conditions were found in lesser extent. This information contributes to the main causes of death of A. australis pups at different ages and could be useful to perform further health studies on this wild pinniped species.

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Berta, Annalisa, Morgan Churchill, and Robert W. Boessenecker. "The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009.

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The oldest definitive pinniped fossils date from approximately 30.6–23 million years ago (Ma) in the North Pacific. Pinniped monophyly is consistently supported; the group shares a common ancestry with arctoid carnivorans, either ursids or musteloids. Crown pinnipeds comprise the Otariidae (fur seals and sea lions), Odobenidae (walruses), and Phocidae (seals), with paraphyletic “enaliarctines” falling outside the crown group. The position of extinct Desmatophocidae is debated; they are considered to be closely related to both otariids and odobenids or, alternatively, to phocids. Both otariids and odobenids are known from the North Pacific, diverging approximately 19 Ma, with phocids originating in the North Atlantic or Paratethys region 19–14 Ma. Our understanding of pinniped paleobiology has been enriched by studies that incorporate anatomical and behavioral data into a phylogenetic framework. There is now evidence for sexual dimorphism in the earliest pinnipeds, heralding polygynous breeding systems, followed by increased body sizes, diving capabilities, and diverse feeding strategies in later-diverging phocid and otarioid lineages.

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Peralta, Diego M., Humberto L. Cappozzo, Ezequiel A. Ibañez, Sergio Lucero, Mauricio Failla, and Juan I. Túnez. "Phylogeography of Otaria flavescens (Carnivora: Pinnipedia): unravelling genetic connectivity at the southernmost limit of its distribution." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab053.

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Abstract The Pleistocene glacial period shaped the current genetic structure of numerous species. The last glacial dynamics has been proposed to have split the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, into two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs), one on each side of the continent. However, previous studies have not provided genetic information on colonies found along 3000 km of coastline of the southernmost limit of the species distribution, where gene flow could occur. We conducted an exhaustive phylogeographical analysis of O. flavescens using a mtDNA marker, including, for the first time, data from colonies living south of latitude 45° S, in the Argentinian provinces of Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego. Our results indicated the presence of five Conservation Units across the distribution range of O. flavescens and suggest that the Patagonian population must have expanded about 150 000 BP. We found evidence for gene flow across the entire species range, supporting a scenario of secondary contact in Tierra del Fuego where representatives of the oldest lineages coexist. The presence of gene flow between oceans leads us to reject the assumption of complete reciprocal monophyly for mtDNA between the presumed ESUs, suggesting that the species constitutes a single Evolutionarily Significant Unit.

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Петров, Е. А., А. Б. Купчинский, В. А. Фиалков, and А. А. Бадардинов. "Значение береговых лежбищ в жизни байкальской нерпы ( Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788, Pinnipedia). 2. Поведение на лежбищах." Зоологический журнал 100, no. 6 (2021): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044513421060106.

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48

Fyler, C. A., T. W. Reeder, A. Berta, G. Antonelis, A. Aguilar, and E. Androukaki. "Historical biogeography and phylogeny of monachine seals (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data." Journal of Biogeography 32, no. 7 (June 13, 2005): 1267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01281.x.

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49

Silva, Renato Z., Joaber Pereira, and João Carlos B. Cousin. "Histological patterns of the intestinal attachment of Corynosoma australe (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) in Arctocephalus australis (Mammalia: Pinnipedia)." Journal of Parasitic Diseases 38, no. 4 (February 27, 2013): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-013-0250-4.

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50

Deméré, Thomas A., and Annalisa Berta. "New Skeletal Material of Thalassoleon (Otariidae: Pinnipedia) from the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene (Hemphillian) of California." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2005): 379–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.wxni4799.

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New crania, dentitions, and postcrania of the fossil otariid Thalassoleon mexicanus are described from the latest Miocene–early Pliocene Capistrano Formation of southern California. Previous morphological evidence for age variation and sexual dimorphism in this taxon is confirmed. Analysis of the dentition and postcrania of Thalassoleon mexicanus provides evidence of adaptations for pierce feeding, ambulatory terrestrial locomotion, and forelimb swimming in this basal otariid pinniped. Cladistic analysis supports recognition of Thalassoleon as monophyletic and distinct from other basal otariids (i.e., Pithanotaria, Hydrarctos, and Callorhinus). Re-evaluation of the status of Thalassoleon supports recognition of two species, Thalassoleon mexicanus and Thalassoleon macnallyae, distributed in the eastern North Pacific. Recognition of a third species, Thalassoleon inouei from the western North Pacific, is questioned.

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