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Academic literature on the topic 'Pinnipedia'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pinnipedia"

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Beklemisheva, Violetta R., Polina L. Perelman, Natalya A. Lemskaya, Anastasia A. Proskuryakova, Natalya A. Serdyukova, Vladimir N. Burkanov, Maksim B. Gorshunov, et al. "Karyotype Evolution in 10 Pinniped Species: Variability of Heterochromatin versus High Conservatism of Euchromatin as Revealed by Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics." Genes 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121485.

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Pinnipedia karyotype evolution was studied here using human, domestic dog, and stone marten whole-chromosome painting probes to obtain comparative chromosome maps among species of Odobenidae (Odobenus rosmarus), Phocidae (Phoca vitulina, Phoca largha, Phoca hispida, Pusa sibirica, Erignathus barbatus), and Otariidae (Eumetopias jubatus, Callorhinus ursinus, Phocarctos hookeri, and Arctocephalus forsteri). Structural and functional chromosomal features were assessed with telomere repeat and ribosomal-DNA probes and by CBG (C-bands revealed by barium hydroxide treatment followed by Giemsa staining) and CDAG (Chromomycin A3-DAPI after G-banding) methods. We demonstrated diversity of heterochromatin among pinniped karyotypes in terms of localization, size, and nucleotide composition. For the first time, an intrachromosomal rearrangement common for Otariidae and Odobenidae was revealed. We postulate that the order of evolutionarily conserved segments in the analyzed pinnipeds is the same as the order proposed for the ancestral Carnivora karyotype (2n = 38). The evolution of conserved genomes of pinnipeds has been accompanied by few fusion events (less than one rearrangement per 10 million years) and by novel intrachromosomal changes including the emergence of new centromeres and pericentric inversion/centromere repositioning. The observed interspecific diversity of pinniped karyotypes driven by constitutive heterochromatin variation likely has played an important role in karyotype evolution of pinnipeds, thereby contributing to the differences of pinnipeds’ chromosome sets.
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Kuzin, Alexey E. "To morphological description of cardiovascular system in pinnipeds (Pinnipedia)." Izvestiya TINRO 182, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-182-69-80.

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Morphometric parameters of the heart, the absolute and relative caliber of the aortic arch and the major arterial trunks are determined for northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus , Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus , spotted seal Phoca largha , harbor seal Phoca vitulina stejnegeri , and ribbon seal Histriophoca fasciata . The value of cardiac index, the thickness of ventricular wall, and the relative diameter of arterial trunks correlate well with energy expenditures of the entire body of mammals or their certain organs during the life cycle. The hypothesis is confirmed on seals’ adaptation to asphyxia by pronounced dilatation of the aorta ascending that ensures constant blood pressure and supports perfusion of brain and cardiac tissue.
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Harrison, R. J., L. Harrison Matthews, and J. M. Roberts. "Reproduction in some Pinnipedia." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 27, no. 5 (July 7, 2010): 437–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1952.tb00001.x.

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Mivart, George. "1. Notes on the Pinnipedia." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 53, no. 3 (August 21, 2009): 484–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1885.tb07856.x.

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ÁRNASON, ÚLFUR. "Comparative chromosome studies in Pinnipedia." Hereditas 76, no. 2 (February 12, 2009): 179–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01340.x.

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Bastida, Ricardo, Viviana Quse, María Paz Martinoli, and Atilio Francisco Zangrando. "First record of tuberculosis lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds. New aspects of the pre-european origin of human tuberculosis in South America and dissemination mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii in the Southern Hemisphere." Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37603/2250.7728.v24.n3.28917.

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In 2003 Mycobacterium pinnipedii was described as responsible for producing tuberculosis (TB) in living otariid pinnipeds from Argentina and Australia. It is the only member of marine origin within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), which also affects other domestic and wild mammals, and humans. Based on several pre-Columbian records of human tuberculosis in South America, in 2010-2011 a new hypothesis about the origin of this zoonosis through otariid pinnipeds arose. In 2014, this hypothesis was confirmed based on the study of ancient DNA from three mummies (700-1,000 years BP) of the Chiribaya culture (Peru). Since there were no records of TB bone lesions in zooarchaeological samples of otariid pinnipeds from South America and the rest of the world, our study aimed at examining zooarchaeological samples of pinnipeds from coastal sites of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), being the oldest Túnel I (6,400-4,300 years BP). A total of 4,138 vertebrae were analyzed, of which 0.46 % showed lesions compatible with TB. In addition, we propose a new hypothesis on possible mechanisms of Mycobacterium pinnipedii dissemination that would explain the transmission routes to the different otariid pinniped species of the Southern Hemisphere. Mycobacterium pinnipedii is one of the most aggressive mycobacteria of the MTBC and of high risk for humans.
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Rule, James P., David P. Hocking, and Erich M. G. Fitzgerald. "Pliocene monachine seal (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) from Australia constrains timing of pinniped turnover in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): e1734015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1734015.

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Caudron, Abigail K., Andrei A. Kondakov, and Serguei V. Siryanov. "Acoustic Structure and Individual Variation of Grey Seal (Halichoerus Grypus) Pup Calls." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041680.

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Throughout lactation, pups of pinnipeds regularly vocalize, including during interactions with their mother. In all studied species of otariids and in some phocids, these calls exhibit sufficient acoustic variation for individual recognition. As female grey seals Halichoerus grypus (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) often pup in dense colonies, and regularly leave their offspring alone to go to sea, the selective pressure for mutual vocal recognition between mothers and pups could be high. To investigate call variation in pups of this species, 170 calls of ten individual pups were analysed. Out of seven acoustic features studied, location of maximum signal strength, the number of harmonics and the frequency and strength of the fundamental show the highest individuality. However, the apparent infrequent use of pup calls during mother-pup reunions suggests that vocal signals may not play the major role in pup discrimination by female grey seals, as observed in other phocids which females do not vocalize to their pup.
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Shaughnessy, Peter D., and Margaret Christian. "Seals (Pinnipedia) at Norfolk Island, south-west Pacific." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15035.

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Five seals were observed at Norfolk Island (29°S, 168°E) between 2000 and 2013. Two have been identified as Arctocephalus forsteri on the basis of photographs, a juvenile or weaned pup that weighed 9.5 kg and a subadult male. The nearest known aggregation of these fur seals is at Three Kings Islands (34°S, 172°E), 700 km to the south-east. Because New Zealand fur seals are increasing in abundance in New Zealand and Australia, sightings of vagrant fur seals at Norfolk Island are likely to increase.
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Cullen, Thomas M., Danielle Fraser, Natalia Rybczynski, and Claudia Schröder-Adams. "EARLY EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND POLYGYNY IN PINNIPEDIA." Evolution 68, no. 5 (February 18, 2014): 1469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.12360.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pinnipedia"

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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae)from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20030124.162757/index.html.

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au, aappelb@meddent uwa edu, and Amber Appelbee. "Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Pinnipeds from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070327.152130.

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Giardia and Cryptosporidium are protozoan parasites known to cause enteric disease in terrestrial mammals, reptiles and birds. Compared to the abundance of surveys that have examined Giardia and Cryptosporidium in terrestrial wildlife species, very few studies on either parasite have been undertaken on marine mammal species. Studies of shellfish, marine waters and water treatment plants clearly indicate that marine ecosystems are contaminated with Giardia and Cryptosporidium. In spite of these data the extent to which these parasites extend into the marine environment and how they may impact on marine mammal health remains largely unknown. The aim of this thesis was to expand our current knowledge of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the marine environment and in particular, the harp and hooded seal populations of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. A large-scale serological survey of a large cohort of serum samples clearly show that, as is the case with terrestrial mammals, Giardia is ubiquitous in the marine environment. Sera positive for G. duodenalis-specific IgG were detected in almost all cetacean and pinniped species examined, and from all regions of the St. Lawrence estuary, Gulf of St. Lawrence and from the Canadian arctic. In the case of harp and hooded seals, they are actively infected with Assemblage A, a zoonotic strain of G. duodenalis and represent a previously unrecognised contributor to the overall environmental parasite burden. The discovery of this variant of Giardia in a phocid host, along with their susceptibility to infection with terrestrial strains of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium, highlight the potential zoonotic transmission from seals to humans through the consumption of uncooked intestines and general animal handling during research or hunting practices. The identification of this zoonotic strain of Giardia in seals also demonstrates the potential for anthropogenic activities such as human sewage treatment and agriculture runoff to be a significant source of contamination for marine mammals.
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Ruoppolo, Valeria. "Patologia comparada de cetáceos e pinípedes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-26072007-102327/.

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O conhecimento das causas de morbidade e mortalidade dos mamíferos aquáticos pertencentes à ordem Cetacea e subordem Pinnipedia no Brasil é escasso. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar as principais causas que contribuem para a morte destes animais, incluindo dentre outras as enfermidades infecciosas, parasitárias, traumáticas, metabólicas e nutricionais. Foram analisadas amostras provenientes de necropsias de 110 indivíduos oriundos de encalhes naturais e capturas acidentais em redes de pesca ocorridos na costa sul e sudeste do Brasil. Ocasionalmente, amostras de cetáceos e pinípedes provenientes de centros de reabilitação, zoológicos, aquários e oceanários também foram analisadas. As amostras consistiram de fragmentos de 1 a 2 cm3 dos órgãos principais acondicionados em formalina a 10%. As afecções foram diagnosticadas através de exames anatomopatológicos, associados, quando possível a resultados microbiológicos e parasitológicos. Dos diagnósticos finais elucidados para os cetáceos 88,6% (70/79) tiveram a morte relacionada com o sistema respiratório, 3,8% (3/79) de origem metabólica, 2,5% (2/79) de etiologia infecciosa, 1,3% (1/79) com origem traumática antropogênica e em 3,8% (3/79) foi indeterminada. Nos pinípedes as causas de morte também estiveram relacionadas principalmente com o trato respiratório (48,5% - 15/31). A morte decorrente de outras causas incluiu: 29,1% (9/31) de causas metabólicas; 3,2% (1/31) nutricional; 3,2% (1/31) digestivo; 3,2% (1/31) urinário; 3,2% (1/31) físico; 3,2% (1/31) síndrome, colapso; 3,2% (1/31) vandalismo; 3,2% (1/31) indeterminado. A análise parasitológica foi realizada em 15,4% (17/110) dos casos e a bacteriologia em 10,9% (12/110) dos casos. As interpretações anatomopatológicas foram associadas aos demais resultados, quando presentes, e então analisados conforme informações recentes de literatura relativas ao assunto. As amostras utilizadas na realização deste projeto complementam o banco de tecidos de animais selvagens mantido pelo Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens da FMVZ, formando dessa forma o primeiro acervo de tecidos de mamíferos marinhos disponível no Brasil. Os resultados alcançados neste estudo reforçam a necessidade da abordagem multidisciplinar dos animais encalhados e também dos capturados acidentalmente em redes de pesca, buscando informações que possam colaborar para uma maior compreensão dos processos patológicos que os acometem e os predispõe à morte.
The known causes of morbidity and mortality of aquatic mammals belonging to the Order Cetacea and Suborder Pinnipedia in Brazil is limited. The aim of this work was to characterize the main processes that contribute to or cause the death of these animals, and included investigating infectious, parasitic, traumatic, metabolic and nutritional diseases. Samples coming from 110 fresh animals were analyzed, including individuals from strandings and incidentally caught in fishing nets along the south and southeastern coasts of Brazil. Circumstantially, carcasses coming from zoological collections, aquariums and rehabilitation centers were also included. The samples consisted of fragments of 1-2 cm3 taken of the main organs and fixed in 10% formalin. All the tissues have been processed according to routine histological procedures and analyzed under light microscopy. Diseases were diagnosed through anatomopathologic examinations, associated, whenever possible, with microbiologic and parasitologic results and then compared to related bibliography. Final results, mentioning the cause of the death, included: cetaceans: 88,6% (70/79) had lesions associated with the respiratory tract; 3,8% (3/79) of metabolic origin, 2,5% (2/79) of infectious etiology, 1,3% (1/79) were human related injuries, and 3,8% (3/79) of the cases were undetermined. For the pinnipeds the main cause of death was also related to the respiratory tract (48,5% - 15/31). The causes of death implicated in the other cases included: 29,1% (9/31) metabolical causes; 3,2% (1/31) nutritional origin; 3,2% (1/31) digestive causes; 3,2% (1/31) urinary tract; 3,2% (1/31) physical causes; 3,2% (1/31) syndrome; 3,2% (1/31) human related injuries; 3,2% (1/31) were undetermined. Parasitological analyses were performed in 15,4% (17/110) of the cases and bacteriology in 10,9% (12/110). The samples utilized in this project were stored to create a tissue bank for further studies. The results achieved in this work reinforce the need for a multidisciplinary view of stranded and by-caught animals, searching for information that can collaborate to better understand the pathologic processes affecting marine mammals and predisposing their death.
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Sanfelice, Daniela. "Ontogenia craniana comparada de Arctocephalus australis, Callorhinus ursinus e Otaria byronia (Otariidae: Pinnipedia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15623.

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The search for mechanisms that can generate major morphological changes has led to the study of ontogeny, in part because some kinds of modifications of ontogenies seem an excelent way to generate major phenotypic change. We focus here on Arctocephlaus australis, Callorhinus ursinus and Otaria byronia with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the origin, structure and temporal patterns of otarid morphological diversity. The pattern of change in shape during postnatal development in otarid skull was studied and described by geometric and traditional morphometrics. Our aims are: to compare the skull ontogeny of the species invocated in identifying and in describing shape alterations in the skull; to evaluate and to describe comparatively the sexual dimorphism and disparity during the ontogeny; to study the covariance between size and shape in relationship with age-groups; to investigate the changes in the ontogeny and their relationships with the evolution of the Otariidae Family; to analyze the conservation of ontogenetic trajectories over time, between sexes and among species; to characterize growth trajectories and to compare them among taxa with respect to isometry; to describe the parameters of growth and development of the focused species and to compare the two different approaches employed. Using traditional morphometrics, the allometry vectors for all species were significantly different from isometry. Dimorphism in the allometric vector is observed only in O. byonia and the difference between males and females of the fur seals are related with adult body size. The comparisons species/sex groups revealed similar vectors (any significant shape disassociation are verified in the inter-specific analyzes), suggesting lower plasticity of the ontogenies. Using geometrical methods, the dimorphism is more conspicuous in adult shapes but this is not true for the level of disparity between sexes of O. byronia. Although that dimorphism is linked with size this is not only a question of scaling or allometry (which is present in the morphogenesis of all species, especially in O. byronia). Additionally, the slopes of changes in shape related with size increase are different in A. australis and O. byronia, but are equal in C. ursinus, which is the smaller species. We suggest post-displacement as one of the factors that could have acted in the origin of the sexual dimorphism in the skull of C. ursinus. Heterochrony, perhaps is present in the roots of the modifications suffered by the ontogeny of A. australis and O. byronia too, considering the differences in the rates of development between the sexes of both species (and overall in O. byronia), but surely repatterning allometric is involved too in these cases. We verified that ontogenies can not be summarized by a single linear vector in any analyzed group, where C. ursinus ontogeny is the more linear and O. byronia the more multi-dimensional species among the 3 that we had examined. Shape changes in the otarids studied here are more related with size than with age and any of the species share a common growth allometry or a common ontogenetic trajectory/pattern. In the same way, shapes at onset or offset are not the same in any case. When the three species are pooled together, initial shapes are always very different among the species and the distances between shapes increase with time almost independently from size. On the other hand, when the complete samples are considered, all the ontogenetic trajectories are significantly different in the directions of the allometric vectors during ontogeny. Ontogenetic trajectories differ significantly among almost all the pairs compared, except for the trajectories of A. australis and C. ursinus males. They are no more different than expected by chance considering the range of angles within each sample. A similar pattern is found when the subadults are compared between pairs of species and when we compare adult males of A. australis with adult males of O. byronia. The juveniles are no more different than expected by chance (correlation between ontogenies in that phase is equal to one), excepti between C. ursinus and O. byronia. The ontogenetic trajectory of C. ursinus is the shorter and of O. byronia is the longer being almost three times longer than the former. A. australis has an intermediary length of ontogenetic trajectory. For the sample comprising all three species disparity increase significantly over ontogeny since the disparity of the adults is near the two times of the disparity between juveniles. For any ontogenetic stage, O. byronia is the species that contributes for the disparity of the all group, followed by C. ursinus. When we consider the three species together, the pattern of disparity do not change a lot during ontogeny. Ontogenies examined herein are clearly not constrained and perhaps the differences in patterns have additive effects in the differentiation of the ontogenies. Whether ontogenetic trajectories are linear or curve could be a function of developmental timing or more specifically it could depend on the age at which allometries stabilize in post-natal ontogenies. Otherwise, the amount of differences between species in the ontogenies is in agreement with the phylogenetic relationships. Finally, we addressed basically the following questions: Is onset time the same in the species? Is offset time the same in these species? Does growth rate differ between the species. The answer to those questions could be summarized by the conclusion. but we conclude that the changes in otarids skull ontogenies had occurred in spatial and temporal terms.
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Appelbee, Amber Justine. "Giardia and Cryptosporidium in pinnipeds from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070327.152130.

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Drehmer, César Jaeger. "Variação geográfica em Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820) (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) com base na morfometria sincraniana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8135.

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Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820), o leão-marinho sul-americano é uma espécie de otarídeo amplamente distribuída pela costa da América do Sul. No oceano Atlântico estende-se desde o sul do Brasil, passando pelo Uruguai até o sul da Argentina e no oceano Pacífico, ao longo das costas do Chile e do Peru. Estudos prévios indicam a possibilidade de existência de diferenças geográficas entre as unidades populacionais dessa espécie. No presente trabalho objetiva-se identificar a existência de variação geográfica e avaliar a intensidade da mesma. Para tal, utilizou-se a morfometria sincraniana com base em morfometria tradicional – 41 medidas abrangendo o crânio e o dentário e também a técnica da morfometria geométrica com base na configuração de marcos anatômicos para quatro vistas distintas – dorsal, palatal, lateral e mandibular medial. Utilizaram-se apenas espécimes adultos identificados através do comprimento côndilo-basal. Machos e fêmeas foram tratados separadamente devido ao intenso dimorfismo sexual na morfologia sincraniana. Utilizaram-se inicialmente testes t para identificar diferenças entre os grupos, dividindo-os de acordo com a distribuição geográfica das unidades populacionais, gerando um total de 4: Atlântico Segmento I (Sul do Brasil Uruguai e província de Buenos Aires), Atlântico Segmento II (Patagônia da Argentina), Pacífico Segmento I (Peru) e Pacífico Segmento II (Chile). Através de uma ANOVA sobre as medidas tradicionais e sobre o tamanho do centróide, bem como de uma MANOVA sobre a configuração de marcos anatômicos, foi possível identificar diferenças nas médias desses quatro grupos. Caracterizou-se uma forte variação geográfica, onde a variação entre os grupos sempre foi maior do que a variação dentro dos grupos. As diferenças entre os grupos de fêmeas do Pacífico são maiores do que as diferenças entre os grupos do Atlântico; já em machos as diferenças entre os grupos do Pacífico foram menores do que entre os grupos do Atlântico. Quando analisados em conjunto os dados das unidades populacionais do Pacífico em comparação com o Atlântico, estas diferenças permanecem. Utilizando técnicas exploratórias como Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise Discriminante, tanto para morfometria tradicional quanto para morfometria geométrica, foi possível caracterizar as unidades populacionais de forma mais consistente, bem como mensurar as diferenças entre estas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam as diferenças encontradas nas análises anteriores. A morfometria craniana indica a existência de quatro unidades populacionais para Otaria byronia, duas no Pacífico e duas no Atlântico, sem que haja isolamento geográfico entre estes grupos, uma vez que tanto a corrente das Malvinas no Atlântico como a corrente de Humboldt no Pacífico são grandes vias de deslocamento entre estas unidades populacionais, bem como o extremo-sul da América do Sul no qual os canais do Estreito de Magalhães não devem ser barreira para o intercâmbio, ainda que limitado, de indivíduos entre os oceanos. Este intercâmbio está diretamente relacionado com a capacidade de dispersão de machos e fêmeas e com aspectos da dinâmica populacional desta espécie. Algumas limitações, entretanto, impedem que se avance em direção a alguma conclusão taxonômica em nível de subespécies, embora a craniometria esteja a indicar uma clara tendência à separação das unidades populacionais, especialmente quando comparadas as do Atlântico com as do Pacífico.
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Gundlach, Neele Hendrika [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zur Stressbelastung von Robben (Pinnipedia) und Rindern: Entwicklung und Validierung eines Belastungsindex / Neele Hendrika Gundlach." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080797726/34.

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Stewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.

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[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
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Saporiti, Fabiana. "Cambios en la ecología trófica de los depredadores apicales del Mar Argentino durante el Holoceno." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284582.

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El Mar Argentino ha sufrido un impacto humano creciente desde el Holoceno medio hasta hoy en día, fruto del cual se han producido importantes cambios en los niveles más altos de la red trófica. Las actividades extractivas (caza y pesca), tanto la aborigen como la actual, tienen la tendencia a explotar las especies de mayor tamaño, produciendo el efecto conocido en gestión de pesquerías como “fishing down the food web”. En otras palabras el impacto humano llevaría a cadenas tróficas más cortas como consecuencia de la extinción de los depredadores apicales. Sin embargo, las especies que sobreviven a la explotación, si bien reducidas drásticamente en número de individuos, permanecen en el ecosistema y desempeñan un papel trófico. En esta tesis se han analizado los cambios que ocurrieron en la red trófica del Mar Argentino durante el Holoceno medio y tardío como consecuencia de la actividad humana, centrándose principalmente en dos de sus depredadores más abundantes: el lobo marino común (Otaria flavescens) y el lobo marino fino (Arctocephalus australis). Por un lado se observó que los cazadores-recolectores no tuvieron un impacto relevante sobre los patrones de uso del hábitat y alimentación de estas dos especies, ya que durante todo el Holoceno no se produjeron apenas cambios en sus dietas. Sin embargo, sí variaron los patrones de explotación de pinnípedos por parte de los aborígenes, seguramente como consecuencia de cambios en la producción primaria marina que debido a una posible sobreexplotación de los pinnípedos. No hay duda, por el contrario, de que los cambios radicales en la dieta de ambas especies de lobos marinos observados hace unos 150 años fueron la consecuencia de su extinción virtual en el Mar Argentino entre los siglos XVIII y XX. A la vez que las dietas cambiaron, la red trófica se alargó y se hizo menos redundante. Estos sorprendentes resultados se pueden interpretar como la respuesta de los depredadores apicales a la disminución de la presión intraespecífica generada por la explotación humana. Los estudios históricos como la presente tesis pueden ayudar a comprender los mecanismos que actúan en ecosistemas perturbados por la actividad humana y ofrecer una perspectiva más amplia para su restauración.
The Argentine Sea has suffered increasing human impact from the middle Holocene until today, and significant changes in high levels of the marine food web are the result of such an impact. Both aboriginal and industrial exploitation of marine resources (hunting and fishing) are characterised by the preferential removal of the largest species, a process that is supposed to shorten size-structured marine food webs. This process is known in fisheries management as "fishing down the food web" because the human impact would shorten the food chains as a result of the extinction of the top predators. However, the species that are not extinguished remain in the ecosystem and play a trophic role, although they are drastically reduced in number. This thesis analyzed the changes that occurred in the food web of the Argentine Sea during the middle and late Holocene as a result of human activity, mainly focusing on two of its most abundant predators: the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis). It was observed that hunter-gatherers did not have a significant impact on habitat use patterns and trophic ecology of these two species, since there were no changes in their diets throughout the Holocene. However, the patterns of exploitation of pinnipeds by aborigines varied through time, probably as a result of changes in marine primary productivity more than overexploitation of pinnipeds by hunter-gatherers. There is no doubt, however, that the radical changes observed about 150 years ago in the diet of both sea lion and fur seal were the result of their virtual extinction in the Argentine Sea between the 18th and 20th century, during the fur trade. While diets changed the food web became longer and less redundant. These surprising results can be interpreted as the response of top predators to the decrease of the intraspecific pressure generated by the human impact. Historical studies such as this thesis may help to understand the mechanisms playing in ecosystems disturbed by human activity and provide a broader perspective for their restoration.
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Bryant, Edmund Bernard. "Radio tracking of pinnipeds." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364311.

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Books on the topic "Pinnipedia"

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Malam, John. Pinnipeds. Brighton: Book House, 2009.

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Malam, John. Pinnipeds. New York: Franklin Watts, 2010.

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Gordon, David G. Seals and sea lions. Monterey, Calif: Monterey Bay Aquarium, 1994.

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Tore, Haug, ed. Sjøpattedyr: Om hval og sel i norske farvann. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1998.

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1948-, Trillmich Fritz, and Ono Kathryn A. 1951-, eds. Pinnipeds and El Nino. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Aristov, A. A. Mlekopitai͡u︡shchie fauny Rossii i sopredelʹnykh territoriĭ. Sankt-Peterburg: Zoologicheskiĭ in-t RAN, 2001.

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Seagars, Dana J. The fate of released rehabilitated pinnipeds based on tag-resight information: A preliminary assessment. Terminal Island, CA: National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region, 1988.

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Riemer, Susan D. Prey of pinnipeds at selected sites in Oregon identified by scat (fecal) analysis, 1983-1996. Newport, OR: Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Diversity Program, Marine Region, 1997.

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Pinedo, Maria Cristina. Cetáceos e pinípedes do Brasil: Uma revisão dos registros e guia para identificação das espécies. Manaus: UNEP, 1992.

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Merrick, R. L. Hot branding: A technique for long-term marking of pinnipeds. Seattle, WA: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmoospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Alaska Fisheries Science Center], 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pinnipedia"

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Boness, Daryl J. "Determinants of mating systems in the Otariidae (Pinnipedia)." In The Behaviour of Pinnipeds, 1–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3100-1_1.

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Oftedal, Olav T., Daryl J. Boness, and Raymond A. Tedman. "The Behavior, Physiology, and Anatomy of Lactation in the Pinnipedia." In Current Mammalogy, 175–245. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9909-5_6.

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Rosas, Fernando César Weber, Artur Andriolo, and Tatiana Lucena Pimentel. "Orders Cetacea and Pinnipedia (Whales, Dolphins, Seals, Fur Seals, Sea Lions)." In Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of South American Wild Animals, 332–51. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376980.ch30.

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Queiroz, Kevin de, Philip D. Cantino, and Jacques A. Gauthier. "Pan-Pinnipedia M. Wolsan, A. R. Wyss, A. Berta, and J. J. Flynn, new clade name." In Phylonyms, 1015–18. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429446276-242.

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Queiroz, Kevin de, Philip D. Cantino, and Jacques A. Gauthier. "Pinnipedia C. Illiger 1811 [M. Wolsan, A. R. Wyss, A. Berta, and J. J. Flynn], converted clade name." In Phylonyms, 1019–24. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429446276-243.

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King, Judith E. "Australasian Pinnipeds." In Marine Mammals of Australasia, 3–8. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1988.001.

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Páez-Rosas, Diego, and Nataly Queνara. "Management Strategies and Conservation Status of Galapagos Sea Lion Populations at San Cristobal Island, Galapagos, Ecuador." In Tropical Pinnipeds, 159–75. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151588-10.

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Osman, Layla, and Carlos Moreno. "Population Ecology, Trends and Distribution of the Juan Fernandez Fur Seal,Arctocephalus philippii(Peters 1866) in Chile." In Tropical Pinnipeds, 176–93. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151588-11.

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Franco-Trecu, Valentina, Massimiliano Drago, Diana Szteren, and Federico Riet-Sapriza. "Population Ecology and Conservation Status of the South American Sea Lion in Uruguay." In Tropical Pinnipeds, 194–210. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151588-12.

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Franco-Trecu, Valentina. "Ecology and Conservation Status of the South American Fur Seal in Uruguay." In Tropical Pinnipeds, 211–18. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151588-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pinnipedia"

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Shyam, Vikram, Ali Ameri, Philip Poinsatte, Douglas Thurman, Adam Wroblewski, and Christopher Snyder. "Application of Pinniped Vibrissae to Aeropropulsion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43055.

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Vibrissae (whiskers) of Phoca Vitulina (Harbor Seal) and Mirounga Angustirostris (Elephant Seal) possess undulations along their length. Harbor Seal Vibrissae have been shown to reduce vortex induced vibrations and reduce drag compared to appropriately scaled cylinders and ellipses. Samples of Harbor Seal vibrissae, Elephant Seal vibrissae and California Sea Lion vibrissae were collected from the Marine Mammal Center in California. CT scanning, microscopy and 3D scanning techniques were utilized to characterize the whiskers. Leading edge parameters from the whiskers were used to create a 3D profile based on a modern power turbine blade. The NASA SW-2 cascade wind tunnel facility was used to perform hotwire surveys and pitot surveys in the wake of the ‘Seal Blades’ to provide validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of incidence angles from −37 to +10 degrees on the aerodynamic performance of the Seal blade. The tests and simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number of 100,000 based on inlet conditions and blade axial chord. The Seal blades showed consistent performance improvements over the baseline configuration. It was determined that a fuel burn reduction of approximately 5% could be achieved for a fixed wing aircraft.
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Arachchige, Dimuthu D. K., Tanmay Varshney, Umer Huzaifa, Iyad Kanj, Thrishantha Nanayakkara, Yue Chen, Hunter B. Gilbert, and Isuru S. Godage. "Study on Soft Robotic Pinniped Locomotion." In 2023 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim46323.2023.10196209.

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Denes, Samuel, Jennifer Miksis-Olds, and Carl A. Hager. "Transmission characteristics of Arctic pinniped vocalizations through ice." In 166th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4886818.

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Ravignani, Andrea, Maxime Garcia, Stephanie Gross, Koen de Reus, Nienke Hoeksema, Ana Rubio Garcia, and Bart de Boer. "Pinnipeds have something to say about speech and rhythm." In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.095.

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Prawirasasra, Muhammad Saladin, Mirko Mustonen, and Aleksander Klauson. "Underwater monitoring of pinniped vocalizations in the Gulf of Riga." In 5th International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. ASA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001286.

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Mamaev, E. G. "Current abundance of pinnipeds and sea otters in the Commander Islands." In Marine Mammals of the Holarctic. RPO "Marine Mammal Council", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-8-2-2023-193-201.

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Davydova, O. E., N. V. Esaulova, A. V. Sogrina, N. V. Kryukova, and S. V. Fomin. "PARASITOFAUNA OF ANISAKIDS OF PINNIPEDS IN THE WATERS OF THE BERING SEA." In Современные проблемы общей и прикладной паразитологии. Воронеж: Цифровая полиграфия, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57007/9785907283978_2022_16_17-22.

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Noda, Juan J., Carlos M. Travieso, David Sanchez-Rodriguez, Malay Kishore Dutta, and Anushikha Singh. "Automatic classification of pinnipeds based on their vocalizations and fusion of cepstral features." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spin.2016.7566691.

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Zagrebelny, S. V., A. E. Kuzin, P. S. Gushcherov, M. V. Chakilev, S. I. Kornev, and A. I. Boltnev. "Resources of major commercial pinniped species and their harvest in the Russian Federation in 2014–2019." In Marine Mammals of the Holarctic. RPO "Marine Mammal Council", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35267/978-5-9904294-8-2-2023-111-119.

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Tate-Jones, M. Kellum. "A FORELIMB-DOMINATED SWIMMING MODE IS PLESIOMORPHIC FOR OTARIOID PINNIPEDS (MAMMALIA, CARNIVORA) AS REVEALED BY GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HUMERAL MORPHOLOGY." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-370788.

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Reports on the topic "Pinnipedia"

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Kastak, David, and Colleen Reichmuth Kastak. Noise Impacts on Pinniped Hearing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455578.

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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541777.

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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573790.

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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602518.

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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602519.

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Reichmuth, Colleen. Effects Of Noise And Tonal Stimuli On Hearing In Pinnipeds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531213.

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Reichmuth, Colleen. Effects of Noise and Tonal Stimuli on Hearing in Pinnipeds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada505197.

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Schusterman, Ronald J. Pinniped Bioacoustics: Auditory Mechanisms, Temporary Threshold Shift, and Effects of Noise on Signal Reception. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406243.

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Lerczak, James. Time-Dependent Salinity and Temperature Structure of the Columbia River Salt Wedge and River Plume: Analysis of Conductivity/Temperature/Depth Profiles from Sensors Attached to Pinnipeds and Diving Waterbirds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598051.

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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.

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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring the rocky intertidal communities at the islands since 1982. Sites were established between 1982 and 1998. Site selection considered visitation, accessibility, presence of representative organisms, wildlife disturbance, and safety. This report summarizes the 2018–2019 sampling year efforts (from November 2018 to April 2019) and findings of the Channel Islands National Park Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring Program. Specific monitoring objectives are 1) to determine the long-term trends in percent cover of key sessile organisms in the rocky intertidal ecosystem, and 2) to determine population dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), owl limpets (Lottia gigantea), and ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus). Objectives were met by monitoring percent cover of core species in target intertidal zones using photoplots and transects, and by measuring size frequency and abundance of black abalone, owl limpets, and sea stars using fixed plots or timed searches. Twelve key species or assemblages, as well as the substrate, tar, have been monitored twice per year at 21 sites on the five park islands as part of the rocky intertidal community monitoring program. Fixed photoplots were used to monitor the percent cover of thatched and acorn barnacles (Tetraclita rubescens, Balanus glandula/Chthamalus spp., respectively), mussels (Mytilus californianus), rockweeds (Silvetia compressa, and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), turfweed (Endocladia muricata), goose barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) and tar. Point-intercept transects were used to determine the percent cover of surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.). Information about size distribution (i.e., “size frequency” data) was collected for owl limpets in circular plots. Size distribution and relative abundance of black abalone and ochre sea stars were determined using timed searches. The maximum number of shorebirds and pinnipeds seen at one time were counted at each site. The number of concession boat visitors to the Anacapa tidepools was collected and reported. All sites were monitored in 2018–2019. This was the third year that we officially reduced our sampling interval from twice per year (spring and fall) to once in order to streamline the program and allow for the implementation of additional protocols. Weather conditions during the site visits were satisfactory, but high wind coupled with strong swell and surge limited or prevented the completion of some of the abalone and sea star searches. The percent cover for most key species or assemblages targeted in the photoplots was highly variable among sites. Mussel (Mytilus californianus) cover remained below average at Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands. Record or near record low abundances for Mytilus were measured at Middle West Anacapa (Anacapa Island), Harris Point (San Miguel Island), Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), and Sea Lion Rookery (Santa Barbara Island) sites. The only site that appeared to have above average Mytilus cover was Scorpion Rock on Santa Cruz Island. All other sites had mussel cover near or below the long-term mean. Qualitatively, Mytilus recruitment appeared low at most sites. Both rockweed species, Silvetia compressa and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), continued to decrease markedly in abundance this year at the majority of sites compared to combined averages for previous years. Fossil Reef and Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Sea Lion Rookery on Santa Barbara Island, and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island were the only sites that supported Silvetia cover that was near the long-term mean. No sites exhibited above average cover of rockweed. Extremely high levels of recruitment for Silvetia and Pelvetiopsis were documented at many sites. Most sites exhibited marked declines in S. compressa abundances beginning in the early 2000s, with little recovery observed for the rockweed through this year. Barnacle (Chthamalus/Balanus spp.) cover fell below the long-term means at all islands except Anacapa, where barnacle cover was slightly above average. Endocladia muricata abundances remained comparable to the grand mean calculated for previous years at Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, while cover of the alga decreased slightly below the long-term means at Anacapa and San Miguel Islands. Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) abundances at the islands remain less than one percent of 1985 population levels. Zero abalone were found throughout the entire site at Landing Cove on Santa Barbara Island and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island. Above average abundances relative to the long-term mean generated from post-1995 data were observed at all but five sites. Juvenile black abalone were seen at all islands except Santa Barbara. Ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) populations crashed in 2014 at all monitoring sites due to Sea Star Wasting Syndrome, an illness characterized by a suite of symptoms that generally result in death. The mortality event was widely considered to be the largest mortality event for marine diseases ever seen. Beginning in June 2013, the disease swiftly and significantly impacted P. ochraceus (among other species of sea stars) populations along the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. By the beginning of 2014, P. ochraceus abundances had declined by >95% at nearly all Channel Islands long-term intertidal monitoring sites, in addition to numerous other locations along the West Coast. At various times during the past decade, extremely high abundances (~ 500 P. ochraceus) have been observed at multiple sites, and most locations have supported >100 sea stars counted during 30-minute site-wide searches. This year, abundances ranged 0–13 individuals per site with all but one site having fewer than 10 P. ochraceus seen during routine searches. Insufficient numbers of sea stars were seen to accurately estimate the size structure of P. ochraceus populations. Only two juveniles (i.e., <50 mm) were observed at all sites combined. Giant owl limpet densities in 2018–2019 were comparable or slightly above the long-term mean at seven sites. Exceptionally high densities were measured at Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Otter Harbor on San Miguel Island, and Willows Anchorage on Santa Cruz Island. The sizes of L. gigantea this year varied among sites and islands. The smallest L. gigantea were observed at Otter Harbor followed closely by Willows Anchorage and Anacapa Middle West, and the largest were seen at Northwest-Talcott. Temporally, the mean sizes of L. gigantea in 2018–2019 decreased below the long-term mean at each island except Anacapa. Surfgrasses (Phyllospadix spp.) are typically monitored biannually at two sites each on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Beginning in 2015, all transects at each of the monitoring sites were only sampled once per year. At East Point on Santa Rosa Island, the conditions were not conducive to sampling the surfgrass transects, but qualitatively, percent cover of surfgrass appeared to be near 100% on all three transects. Relative to past years, cover of surfgrass increased above the long-term mean at Fraser Cove on Santa Cruz Island, fell slightly below the mean at Trailer on Santa Cruz Island, and remained approximately equivalent to the mean at the two Santa Rosa Island sites. Overall, the abundance and diversity of shorebirds in 2018–2019 at all sites appeared similar to observations made in recent years, with the exception of elevated numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) observed at East Point on Santa Rosa Island. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were the most ubiquitous shorebird seen at all sites. Black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala) were not common relative to past years. Pinniped abundances remained comparable in 2018–2019 to historical counts for all three species that are commonly seen at the islands. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were seen in the vicinity of eight sites this year. As in past years, harbor seals were most abundant at Otter Harbor and Harris Point on San Miguel Island. Elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were seen at six sites during the year, where abundances ranged 1–5 individuals per location. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were common at Santa Barbara Island; 117 individuals were observed at Sea Lion Rookery. Sea lion abundances were higher than usual at Harris Point (N = 160) and Otter Harbor (N = 82) on San Miguel Island. Relative to past years, abundances this year were considered average at other locations.
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