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Tozer, D. J. "The population ecology of the large pine aphid, Cinara pinea, on the Scots Pine, Pinus sylvestris." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376426.
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Silva, João Edgar Pinheiro. "Monitorização intensiva do crescimento anual em pinheiro manso (Pinus pinea L.) sujeito a diferentes tratamentos." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9207.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaStone pine (Pinus pinea) has been increasing its importance in the Portuguese national forest sector, due to the high value of its pine nuts. A better understanding of the growth process from tree structures namely twigs, leaves and cones is the main objective of this study. The study was conducted in grafted umbrella pine trees subjected to four treatments: control, irrigation, fertigation and fertilization, two accompanied with higher intensity (control and fertigation). The growth in length and diameter of the twigs, needles growth, litter fall, and biomass allocation, were intensely monitored monthly between April and December. Leaf water potential, soil moisture were monitored to evaluate the impact of summer drought stress. There were clear indications of the periods with highest growth rates in tree structures: twigs during spring until May and cones until June. Leaves appear in May and grow until October. Effect from fertigation was only important in needles growth and litter fall rate. The late start of the treatment application might explain the lack of response from other tree structures
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Lara-Chavez, Alejandra M. "Somatic embryogenesis in southern and tropical pine species: Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Longleaf pine (P. palustris) and Oocarpa pine (P. oocarpa)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77176.
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The focus of the current project was to establish an improved and reliable protocol for somatic embryogenesis in 1) Pinus taeda and Pinus palustris; pine species of high value for commercial applications and germplasm conservation supported through breeding programs at The Virginia Department of Forestry (Chapter III); and 2) Pinus oocarpa; an economically important pine species in the southern half of Mexico and Central America (Chapter IV). In addition, 3) the study of the gene expression analysis of developmental stages of both somatic and zygotic embryos of P. taeda was compared to assess developmental fidelity at the molecular level (Chapter V). By testing four basal media combined with different plant growth regulator combinations, we have established stable embryogenic cultures from high value families of P. taeda and P. palustris using the tissue culture medium 1218 (Pullman et al 2005) in combination with an auxin:citokinin ratio at 10:5 (molar). However, optimization of the protocols for the maturation and further conversion of somatic embryos to seedlings requires further work. For P. oocarpa, we hypothesized that somatic embryo induction may be possible by mimicking natural seed-embryo developmental conditions, and a new tissue culture medium, based on the mineral content of the seed nutritive tissue (megagametophyte), was formulated. The novel culture medium (PO) was tested in combination with different plant growth regulator concentrations for the initiation of somatic embryogenesis from fresh collections of P. oocarpa immature zygotic embryos. Additionally, the established embryogenic cultures were able to mature and germinate, to our knowledge resulting in the first report of the production of P. oocarpa plantlets through somatic embryogenesis. PO medium also has the potential to be used successfully for other tropical pine species which today suffer from suboptimal somatic embryogenesis protocols. The fundamental study of molecular regulation of embryo development showed that under the current maturation conditions, P. taeda somatic embryos were temporally similar in gene expression to zygotic embryos of the same species. However, potentially important differences were found and results could potentially explain the low germination success during somatic embryogenesis. More research is still needed to further explore the natural environment of developing seed embryos to improve the somatic embryogenesis protocols and to enable full integration of this clonal propagation method into the breeding programs for pines.Ph. D.
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Akkemik, Ünal. "Dendroclimatology of Umbrella Pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Istanbul, Turkey." Tree-Ring Society, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262533.
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To determine the response of tree rings to climate, twenty cores were extracted from ten trees of Pinus pinea L. in Istanbul-Alemdag. A response function was used to characterize the relationships between tree rings and temperature and precipitation. The precipitation of the current year and the temperature at the beginning of the growing period have a significantly positive influence on the growth of the tree ring. Mean sensitivity was found to be 0.291, and it was concluded that Pinus pinea L. is a dendroclimatologically sensitive species.
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Gross, Donovan. "Mountain Pine Beetle Fecundity and Offspring Size Differ Among Lodgepole Pine and Whitebark Pine Hosts." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/34.
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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelmann) is a treeline species in the central Rocky Mountains. Its occupation of high elevations previously protected whitebark pine from long-term mountain pine beetle outbreaks. The mountain pine beetle, however, is currently reaching outbreaks of record magnitude in high-elevation whitebark pine. We used a factorial laboratory experiment to compare mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) life history characteristics between a typical host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Engelmann), and whitebark pine. We tested the effects of natal host and brood host on beetle fecundity, offspring size, and brood sex-ratio. We reared mountain pine beetles from whitebark pine and from lodgepole pine, and infested half of them into their natal host and half into the other host. Fecundity was greater overall in lodgepole pine brood hosts. Among lodgepole brood hosts, beetles from whitebark pine had greater fecundity. Fecundity was also significantly related to phloem thickness, which was greater in lodgepole pine. Offspring were larger from whitebark brood hosts than from lodgepole, regardless of their parents’ natal host. Finally, sex-ratio was closer to 1:1 in lodgepole than in whitebark brood hosts. We conclude that host species affects life history of mountain pine beetle with consequences for individual beetle fitness.
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Wallertz, Kristina. "Pine weevil feeding in Scots pine and Norway spruce regenerations /." Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200960.pdf.
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McCormick, John T. II. "Jack Pine Scraggly." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1091500019.
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DeGomez, Tom, and Deborah Young. "Pine Bark Beetles." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/550373.
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Revised; Originally Published 20024 pp.
Pine bark beetles in Arizona are generally of the genus Ips or Dendroctonus. Fading foliage in the tree is often the first sign of a beetle attack. Prevention is best practiced since control is not possible once the beetles have successfully colonized the tree. Colonization is dependent upon trees being in a vulnerable condition caused by stress from various agents and site conditions.
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DeGomez, Tom, and Deborah Young. "Pine Bark Beetles." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146729.
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Pureswaran, Deepa S. "Dynamics of pheromone production and communication in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins and the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51452.pdf.
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Bockino, Nancy Karin. "Interactions of white pine blister rust, host species, and mountain pine beetle in whitebark pine ecosystems in the Greater Yellowstone." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594498141&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Oneil, Elaine E. "Developing stand density thresholds to address mountain pine beetle susceptibility in eastern Washington forests /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5536.
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Adams, Thomas P. "Reconstructing Scotland's pine forests." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4730.
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The Caledonian pinewoods are a habitat of crucial environmental and cultural importance, and the sole home of many rare species. However, they have seen steady decline in recent centuries, through the establishment of hunting estates and forestry plantations. A recent trend in management is the attempted transformation of existing plantations (dense communities with a regular spatial structure and low variance in size and age) towards a state mimicking the perceived natural condition, which has a lower density, irregular spatial pattern, high variance in size and age. This presents a problem for traditional forestry practices, which were conceived primarily with “even-aged” plantation populations in mind. The shift towards management of an uneven-aged structure requires a more in-depth consideration of individual trees’ lifecycles and their effect upon long-term population dynamics. In recent years, great advances in computational and mathematical models for spatially interacting populations have been made. However, certain complications have prevented them from being utilised to their full potential for the purposes of forest management. Forest communities are not only spatially structured; the size of each tree plays a role in its ability to acquire resources for growth and survival. Existing models of population dynamics are discussed, and their extension to incorporate both size- and spatially- structured interactions is presented. The key aspects of populations’ structural development are studied. Data from both plantation and semi-natural Scots Pine stands in Scotland allow parameterisation of a stochastic individual-based model, which in turn provides insights into the behaviour of real populations, and the importance of spatial effects and heterogeneity in individuals. A partial differential equation (moment) approximation to the stochastic model is presented. While this is analytically intractable, numerical integration and heuristic analysis of the equations enable clearer identification of the drivers of population structure. Many results are concordant with existing models of both qualitative forest stand development and theoretical dynamics of spatially-structured populations, while others are specific to joint size-space structure. This deeper understanding of the population dynamics allows robust recommendations for diverse uneven-aged stand management objectives to be made. Approaches to accelerating the transformation of plantation stands towards a “natural” state (using two key operations: thinning – removal of trees, and planting) are investigated. Finally, approaches to so-called “continuous cover forestry” – the practice of maintaining a quasi-natural state while also obtaining economic value from a forest – are also considered. In both cases, the model’s simplicity enables clearer conclusions than would be possible using other approaches.
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Meyer, Natalie Jo. "Soil and plant response to slash pile burning in a ponderosa pine forest." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/meyer/MeyerN1208.pdf.
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Slash pile burning is the most common method of forest residue disposal following ponderosa pine restoration harvests, which are intended to reduce the risk of catastrophic fire and restore the historical structure and function of forests in western Montana. The impact of high-intensity, long-duration fire (pile burning) on soil processes and plant community dynamics is not well understood. The objectives of this study were: (1) to characterize the influence of slash pile burning on soil nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection; (2) to compare seeding and soil amendment effects on burn scars. In May 2006, slash piles were burned in a ponderosa pine stand near Florence, Montana and 45 scars were sampled. Soil samples were collected from three locations in each slash pile to a depth of 10 cm and characterized for available soil NH4 +-N, NO3 - -N, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), and total C and N, water-soluble PO4 3- -P, microbial biomass, and mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP). In the burned center, soil NH4 +-N was greatest one month post-burn and remained elevated one year later. There was no observable increase in NO3 - -N until one year post-burn. Soluble PO4 3- -P was not impacted by burning. Microbial biomass was reduced by burning and did not recover one year later. Pile burning greatly reduced MIP. In October 2006, fire scars were either seeded with native graminoids or left non-seeded, divided into subplots, and assigned to one of five treatments: control, addition of local organic matter, scarification, scarification and organic matter addition, or scarification and commercial compost addition. Soils were monitored for the previously measured soil parameters and resin-sorbed inorganic N. Scarification with organic matter amendment and scarification with compost amendment both ameliorated soil properties. Seeding most effectively increased plant cover and suppressed non-native invasive species, while scarification or scarification with organic matter amendment further improved early plant establishment. Collectively, these data help characterize the impacts of slash pile burning as a management technique in ponderosa pine forests and illustrate potential treatments for restoring burn pile scars.
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Acharya, Tanka Prasad Somers Greg Lynn. "Prediction of distribution for total height and crown ratio using normal versus other distributions." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/ACHARYA_TANKA_3.pdf.
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Knebel, Larissa. "RESIN FLOW INDUCTION IN SOUTHERN PINES: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE AGAINST SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05162005-201137/.
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The interactions between conifers, bark beetles and their common fungal associates have been widely studied, in part due to the severe economic and natural losses that occur annually. Host resistance, involving constitutive and induced defensive measures, and the factors associated with pest success are now widely understood and some losses can be avoided with proper management. Recent research with Norway spruce (Picea abies) has provided additional insight into the chemical pathways involved in host resistance, and has determined that trees exposed to mechanical wounding or fungal inoculation show acquired resistance to future pathogen attacks. This aspect of defense in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) has not been adequately investigated. However, our recent studies indicate that fungal inoculation results in elevated resin flow levels that last up to one year after treatment. Further research in southern Appalachian pines showed that elevated resin flow occurs in response to low intensity fire, and that this response is still present at 18 months after burning. These studies indicate that acquired resistance through induced resin flow in southern pines is a possibility. Further research with beetle or fungal challenges could determine new possibilities for management of both natural and planted stands in order to maximize host defenses against southern pine beetle.
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Powell, David B. "A post-harvest evaluation of mechanized thinning in natural loblolly pine in the coastal plain of Arkansas." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040300/.
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Chorbadjian, Rodrigo A. "Phenotypic variation in host quality of pines for the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1230736665.
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Cedervind, Jan. "Impact of pine looper defoliation in Scots pine : secondary attack by pine shoot beetles, tree mortality, top-kill, growth losses, and foliage recovery /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s297.pdf.
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Runesson, Ulf Torarind. "Considerations for early remote detection of mountain pine beetle in green-foliaged lodgepole pine." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31483.
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A general review of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) - lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) complex, including previous broad-band remote sensing studies aimed at early detection, is provided. The main emphasis of this thesis is on the utility of waveform analysis, based on in-situ spectroscopy, to successfully differentiate between tree canopies experiencing various degrees of stress. Damage to the tree canopies was both beetle-induced and artificial. In support of the spectroscopy, foliar analysis was performed. In addition, for comparative purposes, large-scale color-infrared photographs were both visually interpreted and measured for dye layer densities. Further, airborne digital broad-band data for the same study site were also acquired and analyzed.
Despite significant differences in pigmentation levels and moisture status, the analysis showed poor detection success with both the densitometry and visual interpretation of the color-infrared photographs. This is in sharp contrast with previous studies and is concluded to be attributed to the natural variation from year to year and from site to site. The analysis of the digital airborne data resulted in equally poor differentiation between healthy and damaged tree canopies.
The main objective of utilizing waveform analysis to take advantage of anticipated pigmentation reductions in stressed trees yielded very positive results. There were significant blue-shifts in the red-edge positions of currently attacked tree
canopies. The data suggest that in a situation where conventional detection means such as those based on photo sensitivity fail, a suitable red-edge threshold can be determined from attacked trees and used to successfully differentiate healthy from currently attacked lodgepole pines.Forestry, Faculty of
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Silva, Ana Cristina Alves. "Contribution to the study of shoot blight disease on stone pine (Pinus pinea L.)." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17810.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUntil a few years ago, the stone pine (Pinus pinea) was a species affected by few pathogens, but recently shoot blight and death of the shoots have been frequently reported in our country, causing serious concerns for producers and pine nut industry. By hindering the development of cones, this problem affects the production of pine nuts, the main resource of this forest industry. Lately, fungi belonging to different genera have been identified associated with shoot blight of stone pine. Some of these fungi, such as Sydowia polyspora, were unknown in Portugal and others, although present in our country (eg Pestalotiopsis spp.), were usually considered weak or stress parasites, affecting only weakened trees. The main aim of the present work was to contribute for the identification of the fungi associated to shoot blight of stone pine and to clarify their role in the expression of the disease. A total of 46 isolates from seven different sites were analysed. Identification was made based on cultural and morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis (ITS, TEF and TUB regions). Isolates of the most relevant species were tested for their pathogenicity. This work allowed to identify several species of fungi associated with shoot blight in stone pine, namely: Diplodia sapinea, Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotiopsis australis, Pestalotiopsis sp. and Sydowia polyspora. The inoculation of one year-old P. pinea plants under controlled conditions allowed to confirm the pathogenicity of isolates of species D. sapinea and Pestalotiopsis sp.. The role of S. polyspora in the expression of these symptoms was not clarified, however, in the plants inoculated simultaneously with D. sapinea and S. polyspora isolates, the incidence of the disease was much higher than in the plants inoculated with D. sapinea alone, raising the hypothesis that S. polyspora may be potentiating the pathogenicity of D. sapinea. In this work, the fungus S. polyspora was identified for the first time in Portugal and for the first time in stone pine. It should also be pointed out that the isolate belonging to Pestalotiopsis sp., whose pathogenicity was proved in the present work, presents morpho-cultural and genetic characteristics different from those described for other species within this genus, being more aggressive than other known species within this genus
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Chorbadjian, Rodrigo A. "Phenotypic variation in host quality of pines for the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer)." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230736665.
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Seymour, Geoff, and Aregai Tecle. "Impact of Slash Pile Size and Burning on Ponderosa Pine Forest Soil Physical Characteristics." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296601.
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Sugita, Michiaki. "Evaporation from a pine forest." Ibaraki, Japan : Environmental Research Center, the University of Tsukuba, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17857035.html.
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Wiedenbeck, Janice K. "Shrinkage characteristics of lodgepole pine." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53198.
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This study examined shrinkage and related characteristics of two North American varieties of lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pinus contorta var. murrayana, sampled at 10% of tree height.
For var. murrayana, size was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; specific gravity decreased with increasing tree diameter. For var. Iatifolia, latitude was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; in general, specific gravity increased with increasing latitude.
Conversely, specific gravity had a significant effect on radial shrinkage, the radial shrinkage tangential shrinkage ratio, and volumetric shrinkage for both varieties.
The analysis of variance procedure indicated that the factors size, latitude, and elevation had no effect on the shrinkage of var. Iatifolia. However, for var. murrayana, radial shrinkage was affected by both tree size and latitude. Tangential shrinkage was also affected by latitude (increasing with increasing latitude).
Linear correlations between radial shrinkage and growth rate, longitudinal shrinkage and distance I from the pith (a negative relationship), and specific gravity and growth rate were highly significant for both varieties. For var. Iatifolia, the linear association between specific gravity and heartwood percent was also significant.
For var. murrayana, no difference in shrinkage or specific gravity was detected between the heartwood and sapwood. For var. Iatifolia, heartwood shrank less radially and had a lower specific gravity than sapwood.
A comparison of the two varieties at their common latitudes indicated that murrayana trees have both higher specific gravity and shrinkage than do Iatifolia trees of the same size.Master of Science
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Hunt, Jeff K. Hung John Y. McDonald Timothy P. "Pine seedling detection and registration." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1959.
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Flowers, Jennifer Lee. "LOCALIZATION OF DIPLODIA PINEA IN DISEASED AND LATENTLY-INFECTED PINUS NIGRA." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/438.
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Diplodia pinea causes Diplodia tip blight on more than 30 different pine species. During the past 10 years, Diplodia tip blight has emerged as a serious problem in landscape and Christmas tree farms in this region. Surveys of diseased and symptomless Austrian pines revealed that latent infections of symptomless shoots by D. pinea were common. Latent infections may account for the recently observed rapid decline of mildly diseased pines in our region. To investigate the colonization habits of D. pinea within its host, molecular cytology was attempted and traditional histology was performed on naturally infected, diseased and asymptomatic Austrian pine tissues. I devoted much effort to developing a transformation system for D. pinea. Ultimately I did not succeed in this goal, but I was able to develop a highly efficient protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of another pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum graminicola, in the process. The work that I did should help in future efforts to transform D. pinea, something that will be essential if it is to become a tractable system for the study of fungal latency. Traditional histological methods were more successful, and provided important information about the nature of latent infections. Very sparse epiphytic and subcuticular fungal growth was observed in healthy shoots, however, no fungal tissues were present within the shoots. In diseased and latently infected shoots, crevices created between the needle bundles and the shoots were filled with fungal material, and hyphae were observed colonizing the needle sheaths. Hyphae were also observed breaching the shoot epidermal layer in these crevices and colonizing the underlying periderm. D. pinea colonization was extensive in all tissues of diseased shoots early in symptom development. In contrast, localized pockets of degradation were observed in the periderm and adjacent cortical cells located around areas of needle attachment in asymptomatic, latently infected shoots. The mechanism that operates to prevent expansion of these infected pockets in the latently infected shoots is still unclear. Obvious signs of pine defense mechanisms were only observed in 2 shoots. My observations were consistent with the idea that colonization progresses into the vascular tissues, and that this results in symptom development. Vascular colonization may occur more readily if the host is stressed. My research lays the groundwork for future efforts to understand the nature of the transformation from latent to pathogenic infection.
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Dean, Diana K. "Host utilization by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in mixed stands of limber pine, Pinus flexilis James, and lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta latifolia Engelmann." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404342031&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Fries, Megan L. "Relationships between Rooting Restrictions, Radial Growth, and Drought Stress with White Pine (Pinus strobus) Decline in Southern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FriesML2002.pdf.
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Sathyan, Pratheesh. "Identification of drought responsive genes in aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda.L)." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1528.
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Drought is a major constraint for attaining economic yield in tree crops. As an initial step to understand molecular response to water-deficit-stress in trees, gene expression in response to water stress was quantified using real-time RT-PCR. The specific objectives established for this to were I. to identify and characterize the genes induced by drought stress in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and II to identify and quantify the differentially expressed genes in different populations of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda.L) due to water deficit (chapter III). Results of these studies may be used to identify candidate genes for future breeding programs against water-deficit-stress.
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Pagliarini, Maximiliano Kawahata. "Genotype by environment interaction in slash pine and methodologies comparison for radiata pine wood properties /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141895.
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Orientador: Ananda Virginia de AguiarAbstract: Exotic forest species have been introduced in Brazil in order to promote improvements in socioeconomic development and help to reduce the pressure caused to native forests. With growing demand for these species, research on genetic improvement has increased to find new, more productive germplasm and preferably in less time. Two species were used in the study: slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). The first part of the study had the purpose to identify the stability, adaptability, productivity and genetic parameters, in addition to selection gain and genetic divergence in slash pine open pollinated second generation progenies considering phenotypic trait. Two tests were established, one in Ponta Grossa-PR with 24 progenies and one in Ribeirão Branco-SP with 44 progenies, both in Brazil, to identify the most productive genotypes for commercial planting areas in both sites. There was significant variation (p<0.01) among progenies for growth and form traits. The high coefficients of genetic variation for wood volume (14.31% to 16.24% - Ribeirão Branco-SP and 31.78% to 33.77% - Ponta Grossa-PR) and heritability (0.10 to 0.15 – Ribeirão Branco-SP and 0.36 to 0.48 – Ponta Grossa-PR) have shown low environmental influence on phenotypic variation, which is important for the prediction of genetic gain by selecting and confirming genetic potential in both places, especially Ponta Grossa. The effect of genotype x environment interact... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: Espécies exóticas de Pinus foram introduzidas no Brasil para promoverem o crescimento socioeconômico do país e ajudar na redução da pressão causada pelo uso de florestas nativas Com a crescente demanda por essas espécies, pesquisas em melhoramento genético tem aumentado na busca de novos germoplasma mais produtivos em menor tempo. Duas espécies foram utilizadas no presente trabalho: Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii e Pinus radiata D. Don. A primeira parte do trabalho teve a finalidade de identificar a estabilidade, a adaptabilidade, a produtividade e os parâmetros genéticos, além do ganho de seleção e diversidade genética em progênies de polinização aberta de segunda geração de P. elliottii var. elliottii considerando os caracteres fenotípicos. Foram estabelecidos dois testes, um em Ponta Grossa-PR com 24 progênies e outro em Ribeirão Branco-SP com 44 progênies visando identificar os genótipos mais produtivos para áreas de plantio comercial em ambos locais. Foi observada variação significativa (p<0,01) entre as progênies para os caracteres de crescimento e alguns caracteres de forma. Os altos coeficientes de variação genética para volume de madeira (14,31% a 16,24% - Ribeirão Branco e 31,78% a 33,77% - Ponta Grossa) e herdabilidade (0,10 a 0,15 – Ribeirão Branco e 0,36 a 0,48 – Ponta Grossa) mostraram baixa influência do ambiente na variação fenotípica, o que é importante para a predição do ganho genético mediante a seleção e confirmam potencial genético em ambos os loc... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Pagliarini, Maximiliano Kawahata [UNESP]. "Genotype by environment interaction in slash pine and methodologies comparison for radiata pine wood properties." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141895.
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Espécies exóticas de Pinus foram introduzidas no Brasil para promoverem o crescimento socioeconômico do país e ajudar na redução da pressão causada pelo uso de florestas nativas Com a crescente demanda por essas espécies, pesquisas em melhoramento genético tem aumentado na busca de novos germoplasma mais produtivos em menor tempo. Duas espécies foram utilizadas no presente trabalho: Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii e Pinus radiata D. Don. A primeira parte do trabalho teve a finalidade de identificar a estabilidade, a adaptabilidade, a produtividade e os parâmetros genéticos, além do ganho de seleção e diversidade genética em progênies de polinização aberta de segunda geração de P. elliottii var. elliottii considerando os caracteres fenotípicos. Foram estabelecidos dois testes, um em Ponta Grossa-PR com 24 progênies e outro em Ribeirão Branco-SP com 44 progênies visando identificar os genótipos mais produtivos para áreas de plantio comercial em ambos locais. Foi observada variação significativa (p<0,01) entre as progênies para os caracteres de crescimento e alguns caracteres de forma. Os altos coeficientes de variação genética para volume de madeira (14,31% a 16,24% - Ribeirão Branco e 31,78% a 33,77% - Ponta Grossa) e herdabilidade (0,10 a 0,15 – Ribeirão Branco e 0,36 a 0,48 – Ponta Grossa) mostraram baixa influência do ambiente na variação fenotípica, o que é importante para a predição do ganho genético mediante a seleção e confirmam potencial genético em ambos os locais, especialmente Ponta Grossa. O efeito da interação genótipo x ambiente é simples. As progênies plantadas em um local poderão também ser plantadas no outro. Dentre essas as C-197, C-189-1, C-084-2 e C-032-2 são indicadas para plantações tanto na região estudada do estado de São Paulo quanto do Paraná. Apesar de um número maior de progênies em Ribeirão Branco, constatou-se o mesmo número de agrupamentos de progênies pelo método UPGMA e de otimização de Tocher em ambos os testes. Existe diversidade genética entre as progênies de P. elliottii. Para programas de melhoramento, recomenda-se o cruzamento entre progênies de grupos divergentes para aumentar a variação genética, e consequentemente, o ganho genético nas gerações subsequentes, sem esquecer de se levar em consideração a performance do caráter de interesse. O objetivo do trabalho em P. radiata foi relacionar os resultados de características da madeira obtidas a partir de dois métodos Pilodyn e SilviScan visando validar uma metodologia eficiente para fenotipagem de um maior número de amostras. Um teste com 30 progênies de P. radiata foi estabelecido em Flynn na Austrália. As características avaliadas foram densidade da madeira, o ângulo microfibrilar e o módulo de elasticidade. A correlação genética e fenotípica entre os caracteres da madeira obtidas a partir dos dois métodos e a herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito foram estimadas. Os dados de Pilodyn apresentaram alta herdabilidade e alta correlação genética e fenotípica entre densidade de madeira e moderada com ângulo microfibrilar e módulo de elasticidade. Os resultados confirmam que o Pylodyn é um efetivo método indireto e rápido para avaliação de parâmetros genéticos para caracteres de qualidade madeira em P. radiata.
Exotic forest species have been introduced in Brazil in order to promote improvements in socioeconomic development and help to reduce the pressure caused to native forests. With growing demand for these species, research on genetic improvement has increased to find new, more productive germplasm and preferably in less time. Two species were used in the study: slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). The first part of the study had the purpose to identify the stability, adaptability, productivity and genetic parameters, in addition to selection gain and genetic divergence in slash pine open pollinated second generation progenies considering phenotypic trait. Two tests were established, one in Ponta Grossa-PR with 24 progenies and one in Ribeirão Branco-SP with 44 progenies, both in Brazil, to identify the most productive genotypes for commercial planting areas in both sites. There was significant variation (p<0.01) among progenies for growth and form traits. The high coefficients of genetic variation for wood volume (14.31% to 16.24% - Ribeirão Branco-SP and 31.78% to 33.77% - Ponta Grossa-PR) and heritability (0.10 to 0.15 – Ribeirão Branco-SP and 0.36 to 0.48 – Ponta Grossa-PR) have shown low environmental influence on phenotypic variation, which is important for the prediction of genetic gain by selecting and confirming genetic potential in both places, especially Ponta Grossa. The effect of genotype x environment interaction is simple. Progenies planted in one site can also be planted in the other. Among these C-197, C-189-1, C-084-2 and C-032-2 progenies are suitable for plantations in both studied region of São Paulo and Paraná. Although larger number of progenies in Ribeirão Branco, it was found the same number of clusters through UPGMA and Tocher methods in both tests. There is genetic diversity among slash pine progenies. For breeding programs, it is recommended to cross progenies between different groups to increase genetic variation, and consequently the genetic gain in subsequent generations, not forgetting to take into account the performance of interest trait. The objective of the study in Radiata pine was relate wood quality traits obtained from two methods Pilodyn and SilviScan to validate an efficient phenotyping methodology for a greater number of samples. A test with 30 progenies of Radiata pine was established in Flynn Australia. The evaluated traits were wood density, microfibril ange and modulus of elasticity. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between traits of wood quality obtained from two methods and narrow-sense individual heritability were estimated. The Pilodyn data showed high heritability and high genetic and phenotypic correlation between wood density and moderate with microfibril angle and modulus of elasticity. The results confirm that the Pylodyn is an effective indirect and rapid method for evaluation of genetic parameters for wood quality traits in Radiata pine.
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Braun, David M. "Host colonization behavior of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in thinned and unthinned stands of second-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5482.
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Jamieson, Leia P. "Fire history of a pinyon-juniper/ponderosa pine ecosystem in the Intermountain West." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456404.
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Smith, Deborah Frances Elizabeth. "Grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis, population dynamics and feeding biology in a conifer forest." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325350.
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Anhold, John Albert. "Lodgepole Pine Susceptibility Rating of Mountain Pine Beetle Through the Use of a Density Management Diagram." DigitalCommons@USU, 1986. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7263.
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Ninety-four unmanaged lodgepole pine stands were examined to evaluate the relationship between stand density and susceptibility to mountain pine beetle attack. Sample included stands from a broad geographical range in the western United States.
Beetle population trends were not significantly related to variation in stand density as measured by stand density index (SDI). The percentage of trees killed per acre by the mountain pine beetle in stands with greater than eighty percent lodgepole pine did vary significantly with changes in SDI. From these data three SDI zones were identified: 1) stands with SDI's of less than 125 showed low potential for attack, 2) stands between 125 and 250 SDI showed much greater levels of tree mortality, gradually decreasing toward the 250 SDI, 3) tree mortality decreased in stands as density increased beyond the 250 SDI value.
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McDowell, Stephanie A. Homann Peter S. "Burn severity and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) regeneration in the North Cascades /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=337&CISOBOX=1&REC=8.
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Nistal, Franca Frederico Jose. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Southern Pine Lumber." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10288887.
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Southern pine (SP) lumber is the primary softwood material in the United States. The main procedure during lumber grading process is the identification of the strength reducing characteristics that impacts the modulus of rupture (MOR). Non-destructive evaluation technology can be used to identify higher-stiffness material. This study investigated the use of vibration methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of southern pine lumber. Significant correlations between the properties determined by non-destructive techniques and the static MOE were found. No strong correlations were found for MOR because it is related to the ultimate strength of material, often associated with the existence of localized defects, such as a knot. Non-destructive measurements, visual characteristics, and lumber density were used as independent variables. Linear models were constructed to indirectly estimate the MOE and MOR. The variables selected was dynamic modulus of elasticity (dMOE) to predict MOE. Adding density and knot diameter ratio to the model it was possible to develop a prediction model for MOR. It was possible to improve predictability of strength (MOR) with a combination of non-destructive and knot evaluation.
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Karhu, A. (Auli). "Evolution and applications of pine microsatellites." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514259246.
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Abstract
The evolution of microsatellites was studied within and between the pine species. Sequences showed that microsatellites
do not necessarily mutate in a stepwise fashion and that size homoplasy is common due to flanking sequence and repeat area
changes within and between the species. Thus, some assumptions of statistical methods based on changes in repeat numbers may
not hold.
Sequences from cross-species amplifications revealed evidence of duplications of microsatellite loci in pines. On two
independent occasions, the repeat area of the microsatellite had undergone a rapid expansion during the last 10-25 million of
years.
Microsatellite markers were used together with other molecular markers (allozymes, RFLPs, RAPDs, rDNA RFLPs) and an
adaptive trait (date of bud set) to study patterns of genetic variation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
in Finland. All molecular markers showed high level of within population variation, while differentiation among populations
was low (FST = 0.02). Of the total variation in bud set, 36.4 % was found among the populations which
experience a steep climatic gradient. Thus, the markers applied were poor predictors of population differentiation of the
quantitative trait studied
The distribution of genetic variation was studied in five natural populations of radiata pine (Pinus
radiata), species which has gone through bottlenecks in the past. Null allele frequencies were estimated and used
in later analyses. Microsatellites showed high level of variability within populations (He =
0.68-0.77). Allele length distributions and average number of alleles per locus showed some traces of bottlenecks. Instead,
comparison of observed genetic diversities and expected diversities suggested post-bottleneck expansion of populations.
Genetic differentiation (FST and RST) among populations was over 10 %,
reflecting situation in the isolated radiata pine populations.
Using microsatellites and a newly developed Bayesian method, individual inbreeding coefficients were estimated in five
populations of radiata pine. Most individuals were outbred while some were selfed. Presumably, in ancestral radiata pine
populations the recessive deleterious alleles have been eliminated after bottlenecks and the mating system has changed as a
consequence.
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Blinka, Kate Whitley. "RESIN FLOW IN CLONAL LOBLOLLY PINE." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04232007-082818/.
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Loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., are a vital part of the timber industry throughout the southern United States and are susceptible to damage and mortality as a result of attack by southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. The primary defense of loblolly pines against bark beetles is constitutive resin, which provides a physical barrier to beetle colonization. A study has been conducted to determine resin production heritablity in clonal loblolly pines. Samples were taken in the spring and late summer of 2005 and 2006 in Milton, FL and Walterboro, SC. Each site included nine complete random blocks containing improved and unimproved checks and 115 and 149 sampled clones, respectively. Two resin samples were collected at breast height from each tree after resin was allowed to flow for 22 +/- 2 hours. Samples were then dried until a subset reached constant mass and sample mass data were used to determine total resin flow repeatability. Total resin flow was found to be significantly higher in one family than the improved check. Resin production by clonal loblolly pines was found to have moderately high repeatability and low positive correlation with tree volume. Results indicate that clone selection that includes resin production as well as desirable growth characteristics can result in loblolly pines that display decreased susceptibility to the southern pine beetle.
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Hofmann, Klaus. "Longitudinal air permeability of lodgepole pine." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90939.
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The longitudinal air permeabilities of the wood of 1116 specimens from 279 trees, two sapwood and two heartwood replicates, representing two varieties of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta, vars. latifolia and murrayana) were measured with a steady state apparatus. It was found that the mean ratio of sapwood to heartwood permeability was ca. 10:1 for both varieties. The mean ratio of var. latifolia to murrayana was 1.5:5 and 1.75:5 for sapwood and heartwood, respectively.
The most important source of variation following the difference between heartwood and sapwood was that among trees. Geographical locations, such as latitude and elevation did not significantly influence permeability. Tree size did, but only because the small trees (3 inch diameter) showed higher heartwood permeability and lower sapwood permeability than normal. Ca. 20 specimens of latifolia heartwood showed extremely high permeabilities. They were also deeply brown in color, which probably was caused by fungal or bacterial infestation.
Pit pore size and number per cm² were determined for sapwood by making four permeability measurements, each at a different average pressure on each specimen. A mean pit pore radius of 1.5 µm and 1.3 µm for sapwood of var. latifolia and var. murrayana was calculated. The median values between 1200-1300 pit pores per cm² indicate an average rate of tracheid connection of 1.2-1.3%.
Of the tested wood parameters including moisture content and specific gravity average ringwidth, only the permeability of var. latifolia was significantly correlated with moisture content for both heartwood and sapwood, with a negative correlation coefficient.
Water retention measurements were carried out to relate the measured gas permeability of an individual specimen to its ability to absorb water. For both varieties the retention was significantly and quadratically correlated with sapwood permeability (R² = 0.286 and 0.224) and was linearly correlated with heartwood permeability (R² = 0.488 and 0.5775). The correlation factors for the regression between retention and the logarithm of permeability were 0.239 and 0.227 for sapwood and 0.447 and 0.420 for heartwood.M.S.
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Niemiera, Alexander X. "Nitrification in a pine bark medium." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76465.
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The influence of nitrification on the “soil” solution of container media has not been documented. The investigation of this influence is justified since the ionic form of N in a soil solution has a significant influence on plant tissue nutrient content and growth. Three genera of woody plants were grown in one-liter containers filled with pine bark, treated with and without a nitrification inhibitor and fertilized with 210 ml of a 100 ppm NH₄-N solution. Without the inhibitor and over time, “soil” solution NH₄-N concentrations and pH decreased and NO₃-N concentrations increased. “Soil” solution and tissue cation concentrations were generally greater without the inhibitor.
In a second experiment, pine bark in one-liter containers was treated with either 0, 3 or 6 kg lime m⁻³. “Soil” solution data and NO₃-N accumulation rate (NAR) data showed an earlier nitrification of NH₄-N at the 6 kg lime compared to the 3 kg lime treatment whereas NO₃-N was not found at the 0 kg lime treatment.
In a 3rd experiment, pine bark in one-liter containers was treated with 210 ml of either 25, 100 or 200 ppm NH₄-N. Over time “soil” solution NO₃-N concentrations were greatest and pH values were lowest at the 200 ppm N treatment. The NAR of the 25 ppm N treatment was less than the 100 and 200 ppm N treatment which were not different. The lack of correspondence between the “soil” solution NO₃-N data and the NAR data for the 100 and 200 ppm N treatments was explained on the basis of NH₄-N supply.
In a 4th experiment, pine bark in one-liter containers were subjected to either 10°, 20°, 30° or 40° C for 24 days. “Soil” solution NH₄-N concentrations decreased over time at 10°, 20° and 30°. “Soil” solution NH₄-N and NO₃-N concentrations at 40° were considerably higher and lower, respectively, than at other temperatures. Over time the general order of NAR was: 20° = 30° > 10° > 40°. Results of these experiments indicate that nitrification is an important consideration in the nutrition of container-grown plants.Ph. D.
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Thapa, Ram. "Modeling Mortality of Loblolly Pine Plantations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46726.
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Accurate prediction of mortality is an important component of forest growth and yield prediction systems, yet mortality remains one of the least understood components of the system. Whole-stand and individual-tree mortality models were developed for loblolly pine plantations throughout its geographic range in the United States. The model for predicting stand mortality were developed using stand characteristics and biophysical variables. The models were constructed using two modeling approaches. In the first approach, mortality functions for directly predicting tree number reduction were developed using algebraic difference equation method. In the second approach, a two-step modeling strategy was used where a model predicting the probability of tree death occurring over a period was developed in the first step and a function that estimates the reduction in tree number was developed in the second step. Individual-tree mortality models were developed using multilevel logistic regression and survival analysis techniques. Multilevel data structure inherent in permanent sample plots data i.e. measurement occasions nested within trees (e.g., repeated measurements) and trees nested within plots, is often ignored in modeling tree mortality in forestry applications. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression takes into account the full hierarchical structure of the data. Multilevel mixed-effects models gave better predictions than the fixed effects model; however, the model fits and predictions were further improved by taking into account the full hierarchical structure of the data. Semiparametric proportional hazards regression was also used to develop model for individual-tree mortality. Shared frailty model, mixed model extension of Cox proportional hazards model, was used to account for unobserved heterogeneity not explained by the observed covariates in the Cox model.Ph. D.
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Wright, Jennifer Kathryn. "Carbon dynamics of longleaf pine ecosystems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11675.
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The interactions between vegetation and climate are complex and critical to our ability to predict and mitigate climate change. Savanna ecosystems, unique in their structure and composition, are particularly dynamic and their carbon cycling has been identified as highly significant to the global carbon budget. Understanding the responses of these dynamic ecosystems to environmental conditions is therefore central to both ecosystem management and scientific knowledge. Longleaf pine ecosystems are highly biodiverse and unique savanna ecosystems located in the south-eastern USA – an important current carbon sink and key area identified for future carbon sequestration. These ecosystems depend on fire to maintain their structure and function, and the longleaf pine tree itself (Pinus palustris Mill.) has been noted for its resilience to drought, fire, pests and storms and is thus becoming increasingly attractive as both a commercial forestry species and a provider of other ecosystem services. Previous process-based models tested in the south-eastern USA have been shown to fail in conditions of drought or rapid disturbance. Consequently, in order to inform management and understand better the physiology of these ecosystems, there is a need for a process-based model capable of upscaling leaf-level processes to the stand scale to predict GPP of longleaf pine savannas. P.palustris exists across a wide range of soil moisture conditions, from dry sandy well-drained soils (xeric) to claypan areas with higher moisture content (mesic). Previous work has demonstrated that this species adjusts many aspects of its physiology in response to these differing soil conditions, even under identical climate. The research in this thesis supports these previous findings, but additionally explores, with the assistance of the Soil Plant Atmosphere model (SPA), the productivity response of P. palustris across the soil moisture gradient. Contrary to expectations, measurements, field observations and modelling suggest that P. palustris trees growing in already water-limited conditions cope better with exceptional drought than their mesic counterparts. At the leaf-level, xeric P. palustris trees were found to have higher measured net photosynthesis, but the lower stand density and leaf area at this site meant that in non-drought conditions mesic P. palustris annual gross primary productivity (GPP) was 23% greater than xeric annual GPP. Initial upscaling of leaf-level processes to the canopy scale using the SPA model found that, during the growing season when other components of longleaf pine ecosystems are active, the longleaf pine may only be responsible for around 65% of the total productivity. Other important components of longleaf pine savannas are oaks and grasses which, with pine, constitute 95% of longleaf pine ecosystem biomass. Each of these groups, however, responds differently to fire and water availability. Despite this, the other components of longleaf pine savannas have received limited research attention and have never been modelled using a process-based model such as SPA. As integral components of longleaf pine carbon budgets, it is essential that the physiology and productivity of oaks and grasses in this system are better understood. The research in this thesis studied the productivity response of these groups during drought across a soil moisture gradient, and found that oak and pines at each site appear to fill separate ecohydrological niches depending on whether or not they are growing in a xeric or mesic habitat. As expected, the highest drought tolerance was found in the C4 grass, wiregrass (Aristida stricta), at both xeric and mesic sites. In order to further explore the contributions of the different functional groups in longleaf pine savannas, the SPA model was adapted to run with concurrent functional groups and to represent the different photosynthetic pathways of the understorey grasses (C4) and the canopy trees (C3). The aim of this part of the thesis was to represent better a savanna ecosystem in a process-based model and explore and quantify the contributions of each functional group diurnally, seasonally, annually and interannually. Modelling results suggest that accurately representing the phenology not only of trees but of grasses, is critical to capturing ecosystem GPP and its variability. This phenology may not only be seasonally controlled, but also dictated by fire. Overall, this research highlights the importance of continued research into savanna and savanna-like ecosystems. Additionally, it provides an insight into the responses of multiple ecosystem components to an extreme drought, and how these responses differ at leaf, stand and landscape scales. The thesis also employs a little-used method of combining eddy-covariance data with a process-based model to separate out different ecosystem components, a method becoming more common but not yet widely tested.
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Graves, Jesse. "Tennessee Landscape with Blighted Pine: Poems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. http://a.co/j0m87CX.
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Jesse Graves was born and raised in Sharps Chapel, Tennessee, where his ancestors settled in the 1780s. His poems and essays have appeared in Prairie Schooner, Southern Quarterly, Connecticut Review, and other journals, anthologies, and collections. He teaches at East Tennessee State University, where he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Literature and Language. "I admire the assurance, the formal authority of Graves’ craft."—Robert Morganhttps://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1096/thumbnail.jpg
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Legras, Elaine C. "Microhabitat is critical for sugar pine seedlings emergence and survival in a xeric Jeffrey pine dominated forest /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1455660.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008."May, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-44). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Eager, Thomas James. "Investigation of Host Selection by Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Ponderosae) Hopk. in Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta) Dougl." DigitalCommons@USU, 1986. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7300.
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Lodgepole pines Pinus contorta (Douglas) were treated by girdling to assess the response by an endemic population of mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Capture in 'sticky traps' indicated that the beetles were attracted while in flight towards the wounded trees. A significant difference in the landing rates of bark beetles between the treated and untreated trees indicated that the beetles were able to distinguish wounded from non-wounded trees while still in flight. Pressure chamber readings demonstrated that water stress developed in the girded trees when compared to the non-girdled trees.
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Heuss, Molly. "Evaluating The Impacts Of Southern Pine Beetle On Pitch Pine Forest Dynamics In A Newly Invaded Region." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/828.
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Southern pine beetle (SPB; Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman), a native insect that has historically affected pine ecosystems in the southeastern U.S., has recently expanded northward causing extensive tree mortality in pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and pitch pine-oak (Quercus spp.) forests across much of eastern Long Island, NY. Given the historic lack of SPB within these fire-dependent ecosystems, little is known regarding its impacts to forest composition, forest structure, or fuel loading. This study examined the short-term effects of SPB-induced tree mortality on the structure, composition, and fuel loading of pitch pine and pitch pine-oak communities to inform management recommendations and projections of future forest conditions and fire hazard.
Overstory pine basal area declined following SPB infestation and infestation suppression management, particularly in pitch pine forests. These treatments did not impact the density or composition of seedlings and saplings, with hardwood species, including scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), making up the majority of species in this layer and pine representing <6% of stems. Likelihood of herbivory was influenced partly by species, with pitch pine less likely to be browsed than white oak and scarlet oak. SPB infestation significantly increased the snag component of both forest types, which largely became downed coarse woody debris (CWD) following suppression management. Treatments did not significantly influence understory species assemblages. Understory communities in pitch pine stands were characterized by Vaccinium angustifolium prior to SPB or suppression management, with these disturbances leading to an increase in the diversity of understory communities. In contrast, infestation decreased variation in understory species assemblages in pine-oak forests and encouraged regeneration of pitch pine and scarlet oak, while suppression increased diversity largely through increases in disturbance-adapted species, such as Smilax rotundifolia. SPB infestation decreased the biomass of live fuels and subsequently increased loading of dead fuels in both forest cover types. Suppression management felled preexisting and SPB-generated snags, especially in pitch pine forests, transforming vertical fuels into horizontal CWD.
Collectively, results indicate SPB could functionally eliminate pitch pine without additional management intervention to maintain this species. Suppression efforts to reduce SPB impacts may accelerate succession towards hardwood dominance, particularly in pine-oak stand, leading to dramatic shifts in forest conditions across the Long Island Pine Barrens. SPB and suppression management significantly increase dead fuel loading and felling of snags during suppression served to decrease the density of ladder fuels effectively decreasing the risk of crowning. However, heavy CWD loading may also promote volatile fire behavior. Therefore, forest managers must weigh the expected potential impacts of SPB relative to changes to fuel structure and composition generated by suppression management activities. Our results demonstrate short-term effects of SPB and suppression management. Given the limited experience with SPB in these forests and the results of this study, further research on fire behavior effects and patterns of stand development over the long-term are needed.
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Young, Anna Gilg. "The isolation and characterization of geranyl diphosphate synthase from the pine engraver, Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2004. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3164670.
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Hodnett, Kyle. "Mating and fitness consequences of breeding aggregations in pine engraver bark beetles, Ips pini (Coleoptera: scolytidae)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65104.pdf.
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