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1
Laflamme, G., A. A. Hopkin, and K. J. Harrison. "Status of the European race of Scleroderris canker in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74561-4.
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The European (EU) race of Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, the causal agent of scleroderris canker of conifers, is a damaging pathogen in pine forests. In North America, this disease is found in the northeastern United States and in eastern Canada. Results from surveys conducted across Canada since 1979 are updating us on where this disease is found. In Newfoundland, only the EU race has been recorded and it is restricted to the Avalon Peninsula Contrary to earlier reports in the Maritime provinces, only one pine plantation is infected by the EU race in New Brunswick. In Ontario, a total of 171 plantations are infected and they are clustered in the central portion of the southern part of the province. The number of plantations infected by the EU race in Quebec is the highest in Canada with 749 plantations. In the four provinces, the most infected species is red pine (86% of the infected plantations), followed by two exotic species, Scots pine (9.5%) and Austrian pine (3.2%). White pine and jack pine show resistance to the disease. Key words: Brunchorstia pinea, Pinus resinosa, reforestation, Scleroderris lagerbergii
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Sánchez-Oliver, Juan S., José M. Rey Benayas, and Luis M. Carrascal. "Low effect of young afforestations on bird communities inhabiting heterogeneous Mediterranean cropland." PeerJ 3 (December 7, 2015): e1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1453.
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Afforestation programs such as the one promoted by the EU Common Agricultural Policy have spread tree plantations on former cropland. These afforestations attract generalist forest and ubiquitous species but may cause severe damage to open habitat species, especially birds of high conservation value. We investigated the effects of young (<20 yr) tree plantations dominated by pineP. halepensison bird communities inhabiting the adjacent open farmland habitat in central Spain. We hypothesize that pine plantations located at shorter distances from open fields and with larger surface would affect species richness and conservation value of bird communities. Regression models controlling for the influence of land use types around plantations revealed positive effects of higher distance to pine plantation edge on community species richness in winter, and negative effects on an index of conservation concern (SPEC) during the breeding season. However, plantation area did not have any effect on species richness or community conservation value. Our results indicate that the effects of pine afforestation on bird communities inhabiting Mediterranean cropland are diluted by heterogeneous agricultural landscapes.
3
Laflamme, G., and R. Blais. "Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina." Phytoprotection 81, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706199ar.
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In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.
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Medina-Torres, Byron, Mathieu Jonard, Melina Rendón, and Anne-Laure Jacquemart. "Effects of Pine Plantation on Native Ecuadorian Páramo Vegetation." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091499.
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Exotic pine plantations, installed mainly for timber production and carbon sequestration purposes, cover an ever-expanding area of equatorial and tropical regions; however, their economic and environmental benefits are under debate due to their potential negative effects on native plant species conservation. The native understory plant species richness and cover under pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations were compared with natural grasslands in the Ecuadorian Páramo. We analyzed the vegetation in four zones: Antisana (8-year-old pines), Cajas (16-year-old pines), Tisaleo (41-year-old pines) and Cotopaxi (53-year-old pines). The total understory plant cover decreased between 29% and 90% under pine plantations in all zones. The mean species richness in the pine plantations decreased by 44% in Antisana, Cajas and Tisaleo but not in Cotopaxi. Pine plantations strongly reduced the abundance of herbaceous light-demanding species (59%), except small herbs whose cover increased under pine (17.6%). Shrub cover was also negatively affected in Tisaleo and Cotopaxi (7.4%). Pine afforestation effects on Páramo vegetation depend mainly on canopy cover which changes with age and growing conditions (altitude) and secondarily on the vegetation state at the time of planting, resulting from land use history and ecological conditions. The pine effect was therefore more pronounced in the young and dense plantations of Antisana and Cajas than in the old and open stand of Cotopaxi, whose understory vegetation was more similar to that of grasslands.
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Cameron, R. Scott, and Ronald F. Billings. "Southern Pine Beetle: Factors Associated with Spot Occurrence and Spread in Young Plantations." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.3.208.
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Abstract An inventory of 167,316 ac of 5- to 15-year-old plantations of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) or loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) or both in east Texas revealed that infestations (spots) of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., occurred in plantations of all ages greater than 5 years. Infestation frequency ranged from 0.1 spots/1000 ac for 6-year-old plantations to 6 to 8 spots/1000 ac for 12- to 15-year-old plantations in 1985. Analyses of subsets of plantation inventories revealed that spots were more frequent in loblolly pine plantations than in slash pine plantations, and more frequent in plantations that had been prescribed-burned. An intensive study of 34 individual spots showed that spot initiation was often associated with stand disturbance but not with intraplantation variations in stand parameters. In turn, regression analyses revealed that the initial number of active trees (spot size) was directly correlated with pine basal area/ac. Rate of summer spot growth in uncontrolled infestations was most strongly correlated with number of active (brood) trees and weakly correlated with tree height and pine basal area/ac. Spots tended to grow faster in loblolly plantations than in those with slash pine. Mean spot growth rates were markedly less within young plantations than rates documented in earlier studies for natural pulpwood and sawtimber stands. A field guide for setting control priorities for beetle infestations in young plantations is provided. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):208-214.
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Li, Jing, Dandong Chang, Jinhua Cheng, Hongjiang Zhang, and Haofeng Huang. "Evaluation of soil and water conservation capacities for plantations on the Simian Mountains of China." Forestry Chronicle 89, no. 02 (April 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-035.
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Eighteen indices were selected to evaluate soil and water conservation capacities of four different mixtures of plantations using the Ideal Point Method. Results indicate that a broadleaf plantation of robur (Lithocarpus glabra) and Chinese guger tree (Schima superba) had the best conservation capacity, a mixed broadleaf plantation of sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana), Chinese gugertree and camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) was ranked second. A mixed broadleaf–conifer plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) and Chinese gugertree ranked third with a mixed coniferous plantation (Chinese fir and Masson pine) fourth. Under similar climates and topographical conditions, broadleaf plantations have better soil and water conservation capacities than conifer plantations. Sensitivity analysis showed that litter amounts and soil properties are the most important indicators of soil and water conservation capacities of plantations. Suitable measures such as deep tillage should be used to improve soil aggregation in different plantations.
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Zhezhkun, M., and L. V. Demianenko. "Current state and productivity of age-old experimental plantations of prof. V.D. Ogievsky in the northeastern part of Ukraine." Folia Forestalia Polonica 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0020.
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Abstract This research is aimed at determining the health condition and productivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands created during 1906–1908 on the initiative of Prof. V. D. Ogievsky. The scheme of silvicultural experiments included: determining the influence of different widths and directions of clear felling on the natural regeneration, testing of pine plantations of pure and mixed composition and the choice of methods for their creation. In terms of health condition, 103–105-year-old artificial pine stands are weakened and their health condition is slightly worse compared to the aged pines of natural origin. The productivity of age-old linden-pine plantations is higher than of pure pine plantations, and the stock of stem wood in plantations created by seed sowing and marketability is higher compared to the plantations created by planting seedlings.
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Parker, William C., Ken A. Elliott, Daniel C. Dey, and Eric Boysen. "Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84083-1.
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Thinning and underplanting of conifer plantations to promote natural succession in southern Ontario's forests for restoration purposes was examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Eleven years after application of five thinning treatments, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume of planted white ash (Fraxinus americana L), red oak, (Quercus rubra L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were positively correlated with thinning intensity and size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments. Based on growth and survival responses, field performance of white ash and white pine was superior to red oak. Recommendations for restoring conifer plantations to native forest types are provided. Key words: acorn predation, direct seeding, Fraxinus americana, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, plantations, Quercus rubra, red oak, red pine, underplanting, thinning, white ash, white pine
9
Kuser, John E., Clyde M. Hunt, Charles A. Maynard, Daniel F. Morrow, Sherwood R. Raymond, and Mary K. Reynolds. "Picking Early Winners Among White Pine Progeny." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.2.66.
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Abstract After four seasons of field growth, height differences among seedlings from various seedlots of improved eastern white pine are highly significant at plantations in Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and New York. Survival varies from 53% to 83%, and plantation mean heights vary from 47 cm to 100 cm. Rank correlations of mean heights of seedlots at the five plantations are all positive and 8 of 10 are significant, indicating stability of performance. Two major trends show: (1) trees of a few seedlots are taller at all plantations, while those from Lake States and two Quebec seedlots grow relatively slowly wherever tested; and (2) trees of northern origin are more often taller at northern plantations, and those of central origin are taller at central plantations. North. J. Appl. For. 4:66-69, June 1987.
10
Brawner, Jeremy T., Douglas R. Carter, Dudley A. Huber, and Timothy L. White. "Projected gains in rotation-age volume and value from fusiform rust resistant slash and loblolly pines." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-049.
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Midrotation data from large block plots of resistant and susceptible slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used in combination with the Georgia pine plantation simulator growth model to provide projected gains per hectare in volume and value generated by resistance to fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme). The difference in the projected volume production between the resistant and susceptible planting stock of slash pine was larger than the difference between resistance levels in loblolly pine. The increases in projected volume and the reductions in percent infection of the resistant stock led to large differences in the value of the resistant and susceptible planting stock. At a 6% real discount rate, plantations of resistant slash pine were on average worth between 40.2 and 89.8% more than plantations of susceptible slash pine. Plantations of resistant loblolly were on average worth between 6.1 and 40.3% more than plantations of susceptible loblolly pine. However, the marginal value of rust resistance in loblolly was not significantly different from zero under the assumption that economic differences are only due to volume losses and not losses due to product degrade.
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GRAVES, GARY R. "Recent large-scale colonisation of southern pine plantations by Swainson’s WarblerLimnothlypis swainsonii." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 3 (October 30, 2014): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000306.
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SummarySwainson’s WarblerLimnothlypis swainsoniiis a secretive species of high conservation concern with an estimated global breeding population of 90,000 individuals sparsely distributed across 15 states in the south-eastern United States. Its status as one of the rarest songbirds in North America has been attributed to the scarcity of breeding and wintering habitat. Although the warbler was once thought to be a habitat specialist of lowland canebrakes, it is now known to breed in a wide spectrum of broadleaf forest habitats linked by the common denominator of high stem densities and visual screening in the understorey stratum. Scattered instances of a fundamental habitat expansion into early seral stages of even-aged pine plantations were first observed in east Texas in 1992. Here I report that the colonisation of pine plantations is not only locally extensive in Texas but that it is widespread on the coastal plain eastward to south-eastern Virginia. During two decades of field surveys, breeding territories (n =297) were documented in young pine plantations in 95 counties and parishes in 10 states. Occupied plantations were mostly 6–12 m tall (median = 7.5 m), corresponding to 8–15 years after planting. Soil type and the presence of interspersed broadleaf vegetation may be important co-factors in plantation occupancy. The chronology of this breeding niche expansion is poorly known but it appears to have occurred after the 1970s, most likely catalysed by the rapid growth of pine plantation silviculture after World War II. As late as 2001, it was believed that > 90% of the breeding population occurred in broadleaf floodplain forest. The recent range-wide colonisation of pine plantations changes the calculus. If the current trend continues, forest lands managed for short-rotation pine plantations will support the majority of breeding populations by the end of the 21stcentury.
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Liu, Jiyu, Matthew J. Colloff, and David Freudenberger. "The Effects of Rehabilitation Treatments on Landscape Function Within a Softwood Plantation After Fire: Implications for Catchment Management." Forest Science 68, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab060.
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Abstract There is global interest in enhancing the ecosystem services provided by landscapes and catchments dominated by plantation (monoculture) forestry. Partial reversion of plantations to locally native species (reforestation) is one option. However, the ecological outcomes of this kind of plantation reversion are poorly known. The partial reforestation of a pine plantation (Pinus radiata D. Don 1836) in the Australian Capital Territory with native species following a wildfire provides a rare case study of the environmental consequences of such a reversion. We estimated changes in landscape functionality by measuring indices of water infiltration, nutrient cycling, and soil surface stability across five landscape-scale treatments after the 2003 Lower Cotter Catchment bushfire: (1) natural regeneration of a native forest burned in 2003, (2) burned pine plantation replanted to pines, (3) burned plantation replanted to native trees and shrubs, (4) burned plantation allowed to naturally regenerate, and (5) forest roads rehabilitated by planting native trees and shrubs. At 14 years after the fire, we found that the regenerating native forest had the highest indices of water infiltration, nutrient cycling, and soil surface stability. The burned pine plantation that was replanted to pines in 2005 had indices of functionality that were higher than the burned plantation areas that were either allowed to naturally regenerate to native eucalypt forest or were planted with native forest species. These two types of native forest rehabilitation treatments had only minor differences in functionality. The rehabilitated closed roads were the least functional. We found that a pine plantation at the closed canopy stage can supply regulating services of water infiltration, nutrient cycling, and soil surface stability comparable to a native forest at a similar stage postfire; however, a significant limitation of the plantation was its low ecosystem resilience. It required massive soil disturbance to replant postfire and long-term maintenance of an extensive unpaved road network. The active or passive rehabilitation of native forest is justified to improve the natural resilience to wildfire. However, this rehabilitation of a native forest following use as a pine plantation is a multidecade process in this relatively low-rainfall environment. Study Implications The 2003 Canberra bushfire destroyed the entire pine plantation at Lower Cotter Catchment, a water catchment in Australian Capital Territory, but also provided an opportunity to examine and quantify changes in ecosystem functions with different restoration treatments. Landscape Function Analysis, including three indices (water infiltration, nutrient cycling, and soil surface stability), was used in this study. Findings suggest that both native eucalyptus forests and pine plantations recovered to relatively high levels of functionality within just 15 years after the bushfire, compared with all other restoration treatments, but plantations of Pinus radiata are not resilient to wildfire from a commercial perspective. These results help to justify the controversial decision to restore the majority of the catchment with native species in 2005. However, long-term monitoring is needed to determine how long it will take for the replanted and natural regeneration treatments to approach the functionality of the native forest.
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Thurmond, Dagmar P., Karl V. Miller, and Thomas G. Harris. "Effect of Streamside Management Zone Width on Avifauna Communities." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/19.4.166.
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Abstract We analyzed 2 yr of bird population data in streamside management zones (SMZs) of three widths (50 ft, 100 ft, and 164 ft), adjoining ≤5 yr old pine plantations, and mature riparian areas in the Georgia Upper Coastal Plain. We evaluated relationships between SMZ width and bird abundance and density. Breeding and wintering avifaunal abundance were greater in SMZs than in the surrounding pine plantation. Breeding forest interior birds and forest interior neotropical migrant species were abundant in the mature forest control, but were essentially absent in SMZs and pine plantations. However, SMZs did provide habitat for an abundant avifauna community including several interior-edge and edge species not found in the pine plantations. Avian abundance was similar among SMZ widths, although densities were highest in the narrow SMZs. Forest managers should regard SMZs as important for maintaining avifauna abundance and diversity across pine dominated landscapes. South. J. Appl. For. 19(4):166-169.
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BOWER, R. C., and F. C. YEH. "HERITABILITY AND GAIN CALCULATIONS FOR SIX-YEAR HEIGHT OF COASTAL WESTERN WHITE PINE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-148.
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Height growth for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) after five growing seasons (6 yr from seed) in the forest on Vancouver Island was assessed in a progeny test of 20 wind-pollinated families in two plantations: Northwest Bay (830 m) and Cassidy (20 m). Mean height differed at the 0.1% level of significance between plantations, with the better growth at Cassidy. Family mean heights differed at the 10, 1 and 5% levels of significance at Cassidy, Northwest Bay, and combined over plantations, respectively. Family-by-plantation interaction was nonsignificant. Pooled over plantations, the heritability estimates appropriate for mass and family selection were 0.36 ± 0.20 and 0.54 ± 0.28, respectively. The expected genetic gain estimates from multistage selection are used to provide preliminary guidelines for strategies which might be employed in the improvement of height growth of western white pine in coastal British Columbia.Key words: Western white pine, height, heritability, genetic gains
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Byaruhanga, Narice, and Casim Umba Tolo. "Farmers’ Compliance with Standard Silvicultural Practices and its Impact on the Performance of Pinus Spp. Woodlots in Rubanda District, South-Western Uganda." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v20i2.1.
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This study investigated farmers’ compliance to standard silvicultural practices and its impacts on the performance of Pinus spp in plantations in Rubanda District, South-western Uganda. A total of 122 pine plantations were randomly selected for intensive assessment. The findings revealed an average spacing of 2.90m, which significantly differs from the standard spacing of 3.0m for pine. Generally, stem density of pine plantations at various age categories such as 8 and 10 years was significantly higher than the recommended. The overall average pruning height of 3.26m as practiced by the farmers was significantly lower than 6.81m, the standard requirement of 50% average tree height (p≤ 0.05). In comparison, there were significant differences in average dbh in the three stem density categories. The increase in stem density caused a corresponding decline in dbh of trees in the pine plantations. Farmers with a pine crop of seven years and above with tree stock above the recommended stem density had incurred an average loss of 70.5m3 per hectare leading to an equivalent financial loss of UGX 3,525,000/= (USD 952.7) per hectare. Therefore, to avoid competition and unnecessary financial loss, adjustment of stem density by thinning as the pine plantation grows is strongly recommended.
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Ding, Xiaogang, Xiaochuan Li, Ye Qi, Zhengyong Zhao, Dongxiao Sun, and Hongxu Wei. "Depth-Dependent C-N-P Stocks and Stoichiometry in Ultisols Resulting from Conversion of Secondary Forests to Plantations and Driving Forces." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101300.
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Stocks and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in ultisols are not well documented for converted forests. In this study, Ultisols were sampled in 175 plots from one type of secondary forest and four plantations of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), Eucalypt (Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér.), and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 1782) in Yunfu, Guangdong province, South China. Five layers of soil were sampled with a distance of 20 cm between two adjacent layers up to a depth of 100 cm. We did not find interactive effects between forest type and soil layer depth on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and storages. Storage of SOC was not different between secondary forests and Eucalypt plantations, but SOC of these two forest types were lower than that in Litchi, Masson pine, and Slash pine plantations. Soil C:P was higher in Slash pine plantations than in secondary forests. Soil CNP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. Soil TP did not show any significant difference among soil layers. Soil bulk density had a negative contribution to soil C and P stocks, and longitude and elevation were positive drivers for soil C, N, and P stocks. Overall, Litchi plantations are the only type of plantation that obtained enhanced C storage in 0–100 cm soils and diverse N concentrations among soil layers during the conversion from secondary forests to plantations over ultisols.
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THINH, VU TIEN, PAUL F. DOHERTY, and KATHRYN P. HUYVAERT. "Avian conservation value of pine plantation forests in northern Vietnam." Bird Conservation International 22, no. 2 (September 26, 2011): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000293.
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SummaryDecline of native forest cover is a worldwide concern. Recently, overall forest cover in Vietnam has increased, but most of the increase has been attributed to plantations of non-native trees. The conservation value of these plantations for birds is unknown. We compared avian species richness in pine plantations to that in second-growth and mature native forests in Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam. Bird species were classified into two categories: forest specialists or forest generalists. To account for strong heterogeneity in detection probabilities, the number of species in each category was estimated using the Pledger-Huggins estimator. We estimated total species richness and number of forest specialist species to be highest in mature forest (191; 95% CI = 96, 287, and 88; 95% CI = 47, 129 respectively), lower in second-growth forest (158; 95% CI = 87, 245 and 58; 95% CI = 18, 98 respectively), and lowest in pine plantation (106; 95% CI = 52, 158 and 49; 95% CI = 2, 97 respectively). The estimated number of forest generalist species was similar between mature forest and second-growth forest (103; 95% CI = 17, 189 and 100; 95% CI = 42, 158, respectively) and least in pine plantation (57; 95% CI = 31, 82). The maintenance of native forest types should receive priority for conservation in Vietnam and pine plantations should be managed to provide additional structure in the hope of increasing species richness.
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Hurzhii, R. V., and P. P. Yavorovsky. "THE STOCKS OF SURFACE FOREST FUELS IN THE FORESTS OF KYIV POLISSYA ZONE, UKRAINE." Forestry and Forest Melioration, no. 132 (February 5, 2018): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.132.2018.124.
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Large forest fires cause the most devastating consequences. Global climate change, excessive man-made pressures are accompanied by frequent forest fires, especially in pine plantations, which are the most hazardous. The article reports the changes in the stocks of forest fuels in the pine plantations of the Boyarka Forestry Research Station in the Kiev Polissya zone. The stocks of fraction composition for 1st and 2nd groups of forest fuels were analysed by age. Separately, the stock of forest fuels of the 1st group was evaluated as a part of the total stock of forest fuels of 1st and 2nd groups. It was established that the stocks of the forest fuels of 1st group exceeded the 2nd group stocks at a young age, in particular at the age of 15 in a fresh fairly fertile sites and at the age of 23 in fresh fairly infertile pine site type. Features of forest fuel stocks in pure pine plantations were analyzed depending on the type of forest site conditions and the age of pine plantations. The accumulation trend of forest fuels was revealed depending on the age of the plantation. The most fire-dangerous plantations of Scots pine were determined, taking into account their age and the stock of surface forest fuels. This will allow predicting the occurrence of fires in the pine forests of the Boyarka Forestry Research Station, to create an information database on the stocks of forest fuels, and to reveal patterns of their accumulation with age in different types of forest sites.
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Janas, P. S., and D. G. Brand. "Comparative Growth and Development of Planted and Natural Stands of Jack Pine." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64320-4.
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This study compares growth yield, and stem quality differences at age 21 between plantations spaced at 2.13 × 2.13 m (2204 stems/ha) and 4.27 × 4.27 m (548 stems/ha), and a nearby natural jack pine stand of identical age (initial density of 29 800 stems/ha). Merchantable volume/ha was greatest at the 2.13 m spacing, followed by the less dense plantation and natural stand. Total volume/ha (trees > 1.3 m height) was also greatest in the 2.13 m plantation, followed by the natural stand and the 4.27 m plantation. Individual tree mean merchantable volumes decreased with increasing density. Height growth decreased with increasing density. Height 4.27 m plantation relative to the 2.13 m plantation. Stem quality of the natural stand was markedly better than in both plantations. A comparison of an older natural stand and a plantation in the same area suggests that superiority of tree form of denser natural stands will continue through to rotation. High mortality in the natural stand was largely the result of snow and ice damage which caused patchy and irregular stocking. These results imply that widely spaced plantations of unimproved jack pine will produce large individual tree sizes, but at the expense of quality. Key words: Pinus banksiana, plantations, natural stands, stem quality growth and yield, stand density, mortality, spacing, silviculture.
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Hacker, W. David, and M. Victor Bilan. "Site Index Curves for Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in the Post Oak Belt of East Texas." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/15.2.97.
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Abstract Stem analysis data collected from dominant and codominant trees growing in loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations were used to develop site index curves. These data were collected from loblolly and slash pine plantations growing in the Post Oak Belt of East Texas. The height prediction curves were based on the Chapman-Richards function and will provide an indication of site productivity based an plantation age. South. J. Appl. For. 15(2):97-100.
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Baker, Andrew C., Brad R. Murray, and Grant C. Hose. "Relating pine-litter intrusion to plant-community structure in native eucalypt woodland adjacent to Pinus radiata (Pinaceae) plantations." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 5 (2007): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06135.
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Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) plantations are often found in close proximity to vegetation set aside for biodiversity conservation. We examined the intrusive effects of radiata pine beyond the confines of plantations by quantifying the penetration of pine litter (needles, cones, twigs and seeds) and wildings from plantations into adjacent eucalypt woodland in the Jenolan Caves Karst Conservation Reserve (south-eastern Australia). We then investigated the relationship between pine-litter intrusion and plant-community structure in adjacent woodland vegetation. We found significantly higher quantities of pine litter and wildings at all sites adjacent to plantations than at reference woodland sites that were not adjacent to plantations. At adjacent sites, pine litter decreased significantly with increasing distance from plantations. Alarmingly, native plant species richness declined and exotic plant species richness increased with increasing quantities of pine litter. Thus, there were fewer native plant species and more exotics in areas bordering pine plantations. Our findings suggest a potentially important link between the intrusion of pine litter and a loss of native biodiversity and facilitation of exotic-species invasion. We suggest the provision of a buffer zone around plantations in order to minimise intrusive impacts of plantations on native biodiversity.
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BADEJO, MOSADOLUWA ADETOLA, and BUNY AMIN OLA-ADAMS. "Abundance and diversity of soil mites of fragmented habitats in a biosphere reserve in Southern Nigeria." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 35, no. 11 (November 2000): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2000001100001.
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Soil samples were collected from the top 7.5 cm of soil in a Strict Natural Reserve (SNR), a surrounding buffer zone, a cassava farm and matured plantations of Gmelina, teak, and pine, so as to determine if plantation establishment and intensive cultivation affect the density and diversity of soil mites. Altogether, 41 taxonomic groups of mites were identified. The diversity and densities of mites in within the SNR, the buffer zone and the Gmelina were more than the diversity and densities in the cassava farm, teak and pine plantations. Each plantation had its own unique community structure which was different from the community structure in the SNR plot. The SNR plot and Gmelina were dominated by detritivorous cryptostigmatid mites unlike teak and pine which were dominated by predatory mesostigmatid and prostigmatid mites respectively. Low cryptostigmatid mite densities in the plantations and cassava farm were seen as a consequence of low fertility status of the soil, the evidence of which was revealed by soil pH and organic matter data.
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Lenhart, J. David, Timothy G. Gregoire, Gary D. Kronrad, and A. Gordon Holley. "Characterizing Fusiform Rust Incidence and Distribution in East Texas." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.1.29.
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Abstract Three measurement cycles were completed on an extensive network of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plots in industrial plantations throughout East Texas in 1984, 1987, and 1990. Because the incidence of fusiform rust caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme had been recorded at each measurement, it is possible to characterize the temporal and geographic distribution of fusiform rust among these industrial pine plantations in East Texas. Average rust incidence for each species by two year age classes is presented. For loblolly pine, there is no apparent change in overall average incidence between 1987 and 1990, whereas for slash pine, there is an apparent overall average decline of about 7-8 percentage points. For some slash pine age classes, the incidence decline is 20-30 percentage points. Loblolly and slash pine rust incidence maps depict the geographic distribution of rust infection by plantation age groups in East Texas. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):29-34.
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Fogal, W. H., and F. Slansky Jr. "Contribution of feeding by European pine sawfly larvae to litter production and element flux in Scots pine plantations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 3 (June 1, 1985): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-079.
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The contribution of larvae of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprionsertifer (Geoff.), to litter fall and element input was determined in two contiguous 25-year-old plantations of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) near Glencairn, Ont., in 1972. Tree spacings were 1.2 × 1.2 and 1.8 × 1.8 m. Tree diameters, numbers of needle-bearing branches per tree, and the number of larval colonies per tree were greater in the less dense plantation. On the other hand, there was no difference between plantations with respect to tree height, number of needles per branch, number of larvae per colony, or percent defoliation. For the denser and less dense plantations, frass was the largest insect-derived component of litter fall at 804 and 1255 kg ha−1, respectively; needles constituted the major tree component of litter fall at 1107 and 929 kg ha−1, respectively, and the total combined contribution of tree and insect material to litter fall was 2395 and 2744 kg ha−1, respectively. Average element input (kilograms per hectare) to the soil via frass for the two plantations was greatest for nitrogen (6.9), followed by potassium (5.0), calcium (4.1), phosphorus (0.8), and magnesium (0.6).
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de Naurois, Marie, and Joseph Buongiorno. "Economic of Red Pine Plantation Management in Wisconsin." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.3.118.
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Abstract It is more economical to manage red pine plantations in Wisconsin for pulpwood and sawlog combined rather than for pulpwood only, even on low quality sites. The most important factor influencing the economics of a plantation is land quality. On lands of site index 45 new plantations are unlikely to be economical, regardless of management regime. Lands of site index 60 to 75 have real rates of return of 4 to 5.5% per year and soil expectation values of $125 to $350 per acre at 3% interest. Planting densities of 8 by 8 ft followed by heavy thinnings at long intervals and short rotations are best, but rotations may be increased considerably with only small effects on the economics of the plantations. North. J. Appl. For. 3:118-123, Sept. 1986.
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Reisinger, Thomas W. "A Simulation-Based Approach to Evaluating Commercial Thinning Decisions in Loblolly Pine Plantations." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.4.211.
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Abstract Computer simulation techniques are described which evaluate the impact of various stand conditions, management regimes, harvesting systems, and future market scenarios on current thinning decisions in pine plantations. Four simulation programs (PTAEDAR, PTAEDA, GENMAC, and HSS) were linked to predict tree growth/stand development and to model mechanized thinnings and final harvests. Simulation results were then combined with an investment analysis program to calculate the net present value of each strategy. An example analysis for a "typical" loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation is presented. As described here, simulation is a practical method of evaluating the profitability of a wide range of alternatives, including planting spacings, thinning regimes, and rotation ages for managing future plantations of loblolly pine.
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Yanush, Sergey, Dmitry Danilov, and Aleksei Kharlanov. "Economic feasibility of obtaining wood phytomass through accelerated cultivation of pine wood on postagrogenic lands." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 941, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/941/1/012003.
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Abstract The paper examines economic efficiency of obtaining wood biomass through accelerated cultivation of pine on postagrogenic lands of the Leningrad Region of Northwest Russia. In experimental pine plantations, we selected model trees and calculated the stem wood biomass of 11-year old stands with different stem densities. Assessments of the economic efficiency of the production of wood chips from pine wood grown on postagrogenic lands were based on a set of machines and mechanisms, consumables and wages. A break-even point was determined for the production of wood chips in plantations with different stem densities. In the variant with a stand density of 2900 trees per hectare, it is possible to make a profit, because a break-even point was obtained for the investments made. Pine stands of such density can be taken as a prototype, when creating and growing short rotation plantations. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to predict a further increase in pine wood biomass in a plantation on post-agrogenic soils. On postagrogenic lands, marketable wood pulp can be obtained within a short period of time; thus such lands will be involved in an economic turnover.
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Scharpf, Robert F., and Thomas W. Koerber. "Destruction of shoots, flowers, and fruit of dwarf mistletoe by grasshoppers in California." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-031.
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Grasshoppers (Melanoplusdevastator) destroyed most shoots, flowers, and fruit of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumcampylopodum) in a young plantation of Jeffrey pines (PinusJeffreyi) in California. Damage resulted from the buildup of large populations of grasshoppers in herbaceous, understory vegetation in the spring of 1984. In the summer, when the preferred food sources became depleted or dried, the grasshoppers moved into the pines and fed upon the aerial portions of dwarf mistletoe plants. Little evidence of feeding was seen on the pines, but very young pine plantations are known to be seriously damaged by grasshoppers.
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Knowles, Peggy. "Comparison of isozyme variation among natural stands and plantations: jack pine and black spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-145.
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Isozymes from needles of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) and black spruce (Piceamariana) were analysed to test differences among young stands, mature stands, plantations from seed-zone seed collections, a plus-tree clonal seed orchard, and a progeny plantation from the seed orchard. Analyses based on approximately 100 trees per population resolved seven polymorphic loci for jack pine and five for black spruce. For intraspecies comparisons, allelic heterogeneity tests indicated no differences between young stands and plantations from seed-zone seed collections. The black spruce clonal seed orchard and mature natural stands were genetically homogeneous. Allelic heterogeneity test and discriminant analysis indicated that the progeny plantation from the clonal seed orchard differed from other black spruce samples. It is proposed that nonrandom mating conditions in the clonal seed orchard altered allele frequencies of the resultant progeny plantation.
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Guo, Jin-ping, and Jian R. Wang. "Comparison of height growth and growth intercept models of jack pine plantations and natural stands in northern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-117.
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Accurate estimates of forest productivity are required for sustainable forest management. Sixty-five jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations (<50 years of age) were sampled to develop height growth and variable growth intercept (GI) models for jack pine plantations in northern Ontario, Canada. Based on the residual plots and model-fitting statistics, these models can be recommended for estimating site index (SI) of young (<40 years) jack pine plantations. To compare SI of plantations with that of natural stands, we used stem-analysis data from 383 plots of natural jack pine stands (aged 50157 years) from the same geographic region to develop the GI models for natural stands. Also, polymorphic SI curves were developed for young (<40 years) plantations in northern Ontario. These SI curves were different from those for natural stands. Jack pine plantations had a higher site quality (SI) than did the original natural stands on the similar sites. The SI curves developed from natural stands should not be used to predict growth and yield of jack pine plantations before they are calibrated for jack pine plantations. These GI models will be used to estimate SI for silviculture and forest-management planning.
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Vergara, Pablo M., and Javier A. Simonetti. "Avian responses to fragmentation of the Maulino Forest in central Chile." Oryx 38, no. 4 (October 2004): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605304000742.
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Depending on the mosaic of habitats that is created, forest fragmentation can reduce the abundance and diversity of forest birds. Temperate deciduous forests in South America are rapidly being replaced by pine plantations, causing changes in habitats for both breeding and migrant birds. We examined differences in avian species richness and abundance in three areas: a reserve with continuous tracts of native forest, forest fragments and pine plantations. Four species were negatively affected by fragmentation, with their abundance declining from continuous forest to pine plantations. Fourteen species were not affected by fragmentation and eight had significantly increased abundance in pine plantations compared to continuous forest. Overall abundance in pooled and ground/understorey birds was higher in forest fragments and pine plantations compared to continuous forest. The abundance of granivorous species was higher in the pine plantations than in the forest reserve, but the abundance of insectivorous species was higher in the forest reserve and in forest fragments than in pine plantations. Thus, forest fragmentation affects birds differentially according to their feeding ecology.
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Bulmer, C. E., and M. Krzic. "Soil properties and lodgepole pine growth on rehabilitated landings in northeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-013.
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We determined post-establishment tree growth and soil properties on rehabilitated log landings and forest plantation sites with medium texture in northeastern British Columbia. Six years after rehabilitation treatments were applied, 60% of rehabilitated landing plots had more than 1000 stems ha-1, while 17% had fewer than 600 stems ha-1. The average height of undamaged lodgepole pine trees on rehabilitated landings was consistently lower than for trees of the same age on plantations. Surface (0–7 cm) and subsurface (10–17 cm) soil bulk densities were higher for rehabilitated landings than for adjacent plantations. Rehabilitated landing and plantation soils had similar values of total and aeration porosity. Plantation soils had higher available water storage capacity (AWSC) than rehabilitated soils. Soil mechanical resistance after landing rehabilitation was often higher than for plantation soils at the same depth. Soils on both rehabilitated landings and plantations showed an increase in mechanical resistance from June to September 2001. With the exception of June 2001, soil mechanical resistance after landing rehabilitation was often higher than 2500 kPa. For surface mineral soils, there were no differences in total C, N, or cation exchange capacity (CEC) between rehabilitated landings and plantations. Rehabilitated landing soils had significantly higher total C and N at 10–17 cm depth than plantation soils, which coincided with higher clay content for the landing subsoils. Key words: Forest soil rehabilitation, soil degradation, soil productivity, soil conservation
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Archambault, Louis, Jacques Morissette, Robert Lavallée, and Bernard Comtois. "Susceptibility of Norway spruce plantations to white pine weevil attacks in southern Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 2362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-291.
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Annual levels of attack by the white pine weevil (Pissodesstrobi Peck) in 110 Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) plantations of southern Quebec were measured. The relationships between levels of attack and site and stand characteristics were determined. In 1991, 84% of the plantations were affected by the weevil. Annual levels of attack increased from 2 to 25% of the trees between 1987 and 1991 for the 110 plantations. Drainage and site quality index influenced the levels of attack. On medium-textured soil ecosystems, plantations situated on imperfectly drained soils were significantly more affected (43%) than those on well-drained soils (11%). Plantations located on the most productive sites (site quality index 13–14 m at 25 years) were less affected (8%) than those on the least productive (7–8 m at 25 years) sites (34%). There was no significant correlation between plantation density and levels of attack. The results showed that the white pine weevil is one of the most damaging pests of Norway spruce plantations in southern Quebec. Norway spruce plantations should be monitored annually for damage detection. Appropriate sites should be selected for reforestation to maximize productivity and minimize insect damage.
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Нуреева, Tatyana Nureeva, Мифтахов, Timur Miftakhov, Пуряев, and Aynur Puryaev. "STRUCTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL PINE STANDS IN THE FRESH SURAMEN OF THE KAMA REGION OF REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 10, no. 2 (July 14, 2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12515.
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The article deals with the problem forest husbrandy of artificial pine forest, growing in rich, atypical for the Scots pine soil and environmental conditions. This question is particularly relevant for the Republic of Tatarstan, because there are large areas of pine forest plantations grow, and forest sites are represented mainly by heavy loamy and clayey soils. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the structure of artificial pine plantations growing under fresh surameney. The object of research was the plotted electronic database of forest and taxation indicators stands. The methodology of the study was consistent sorting and organizing raw data on the studied parameters. According to the research we revealed that plantations at the age of 31-50 years are dominated in the structure of artificial pine. According to participating the target type in the composition of shrub stands, the square of pure pine is dominated, linden participate in pine is 60-90%. Most pine forests are different by density of 0.7-0.8 relative units, but average density of older plantings is 0.6 and below. In conclusion it can be noted, that the most productive forest type within the TLU C2 are linden pines, which are mainly represented by Ia class of bonity and the stock more that 350 cubic meters per hectare at maturity. In the shrub pine forest management, it is necessary to give preference to mixed stands of hardwood with a share of 10-20% of the stock in the content. The main recommendations can be noted that the creation and cultivation of pine plantations in not peculiar to her circumstances fresh suremen, allows for intensive forest management.
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Baker, James B., and Michael G. Shelton. "Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands—IV. Natural and Planted Seedling/Sapling Stands." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/22.1.53.
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Abstract A 3- to 6-yr-old naturally regenerated even-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand and a 5-yr-old loblolly pine plantation on good sites (SILob = 85 to 90 ft at 50 yr) were cut to density levels of 50, 90, 180, 270, and 360 seedlings and/or saplings/ac. Two pine release treatments (none and individual tree release with a herbicide) were applied to the natural stand, but were not imposed in the plantation because site preparation treatments were applied before planting. At 2, 5, and 10 yr after installation, plots were inventoried to determine: (1) the lowest threshold of seedling/sapling density that was feasible to manage, (2) the time required for poorly stocked seedling/sapling stands to reach an acceptable stocking level, and (3) whether release treatments would improve survival and growth of understocked, natural seedling/sapling stands. Results indicated that loblolly pine plantations on good sites having at least 180 trees/ac (30% stocking) reached an acceptable stocking level of 60% by age 10 and produced up to 1,500 ft³/ac (19 cd/ac) of merchantable volume by age 15. By this age, trees in plantations with 270 and 360 trees/ac displayed good form, but at densities of 180, 90, and 50 trees/ac the trees still retained large branches nearly to the ground. Natural stands having at least 180 trees/ac that were released from overtopping by hardwood at age 5 reached 60% stocking by age 15 but produced only 627 ft³/ac (8 cd/ac) of merchantable volume. When pines in the natural stand were not released, only plots with 360 trees/ac reached an acceptable 60% stocking level by age 15 but only produced 539 ft³/ac (7 cd/ac) of merchantable volume. The observed differences in recovery rates in the understocked pine stands principally reflected the levels of competing hardwoods. Results suggest that understocked, natural stands or plantations of pine seedlings/saplings with fewer than 180 trees/ac (less than 30% stocking), at age 5, should probably be liquidated and a new stand established unless the landowner is willing to sacrifice significant reductions in early volume production. South. J. Appl. For. 22(1)53-59.
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Giuditta, Elisabetta, Rossana Marzaioli, Assunta Esposito, Davide Ascoli, Adriano Stinca, Stefano Mazzoleni, and Flora A. Rutigliano. "Soil Microbial Diversity, Biomass, and Activity in Two Pine Plantations of Southern Italy Treated with Prescribed Burning." Forests 11, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010019.
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Microbial diversity plays a crucial role in ecosystem processes, including organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. This research explores the effect of prescribed burning (PB) on soil microbial diversity, as well as biomass and activity in Mediterranean pine plantations. In burned and adjacent unburned plots of Pinus pinea and P. pinaster plantations of Southern Italy protected areas, the fermentation layer and the 5 cm thick layer of mineral soil underneath were sampled at intervals during the first year after PB. The experimental protocol encompassed measurements of total microbial abundance (Cmic and soil DNA), fungal mycelium, fungal fraction of Cmic, microbial activity, bacterial genetic diversity (16S rDNA PCR-DGGE), microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2), and C mineralization rate (CMR), as well as physical and chemical soil properties. PB caused only temporary (up to 3 h–32 d) reductions in Cmic, DNA amount, fungal mycelium, respiration, and CMR in the P. pinaster plantation, and had no appreciable negative effect on the microbial community in P. pinea plantation, where fire intensity was lower because of less abundant litter fuel. In either plantation, PB did not generally reduce bacterial genetic diversity (evaluated as band richness, Shannon index, and evenness), thus, also accounting for the fast recovery in microbial growth and activity after high-intensity PB in P. pinaster plantation. While confirming PB as a sustainable practice to reduce wildfire risk, also supported by data on plant community obtained in the same plantations, the results suggest that an integrated analysis of microbial diversity, growth, and activity is essential for an accurate description of PB effects on soil microbial communities.
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Karadzic, Dragan, and Slobodan Milanovic. "Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet: Distribution in Serbia and Montenegro, significance and control." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 98 (2008): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0898107k.
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Fungus G. abietina is one of the most dangerous pathogenic fungi occurring in conifer plantations and Pinus species are especially at risk. Among pines, the most susceptible species is Austrian pine, and particularly endangered plantations are between 8 and 25 years of age. This fungus was found in Serbia and Montenegro on Austrian pine, Scots pine and spruce, but it was only in mountainous regions (Kopaonik, Vlasina, Goc, Durmitor). G. abietina forms both stages (anamorph and teleomorph) in its development. The imperfect form is far more significant for the infection process, i.e. the pycnidial stage and generally all infections are caused by conidia (pycnospores). Apothecia will be formed on the bark only two years after tree dying. In the severely infected plantations, all dead trees should be felled and removed, and the remaining trees should be treated with copper fungicides.
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Pienaar, L. V., and J. W. Rheney. "Results of a Slash Pine Spacing and Thinning Study in the Southeastern Coastal Plain." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/20.2.94.
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Abstract Results are summarized for a slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) spacing and thinning study installed 28 yr ago at 28 locations in the southeastern coastal plains in plantations established on cutover land after mechanical site preparation. Stocking densities of 100 to 900 trees/ac are represented in the spacing study with 15 yr thinning response data for thinning intensities ranging from 25 to 65% of the trees removed in selective thinnings from below. Per-acre basal area and volume prediction equations are presented for unthinned plantations and for thinned plantations when a specified number of trees per acre is left. Survival and dominant height projection equations for both unthinned and thinned plantations are presented, and a competition index to account for the thinning response relative to a comparable unthinned plantation is defined. Application of the prediction equations is demonstrated with an example that shows the nature of the implied thinning response relative to a comparable unthinned plantation. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):94-98.
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Šurda, Peter, Ľubomír Lichner, Jozef Kollár, Anton Zvala, and Dušan Igaz. "Evaluation of soil properties in variously aged Scots pine plantations established on sandy soil." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 69, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2021-0012.
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Abstract Pines are widely planted for sand dune stabilization and their cultivation results in the changes in physical, chemical, hydro-physical and water repellency properties. Soil properties were evaluated at three Scots pine plantations (PF1, PF2 and PF3) close to Studienka village, Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia) during hot and dry summer period. The PF1 site is a newly established plantation, the PF2 site is about 30 years old plantation, and the PF3 site is about 100 years old plantation. Here, we estimated the differences in pH, soil organic carbon content, Cox, particle size distribution, PSD, saturated, ks, and unsaturated, k(–2 cm), hydraulic conductivity, water, Sw , and ethanol, Se , sorptivity, water drop penetration time, WDPT, and repellency index, RI. It was found that Cox varies most significantly with plantation age, and relative differences in PSD and pH were lower than the relative difference in Cox. The PF3 site differs the most from the other two, especially in Cox and in the content of sand fraction. It can be attributed to the older age of the plantation, which represents a more advanced stage of succession accompanied by an accumulation of soil organic matter. Relationships between Cox, k(–2 cm), RI, and WDPT and pine forest age were described by appropriate mathematical models. We found a similarity between k(–2 cm) and RI relationships vs. pine forest age (exponential models), and between Cox and WDPT relationships vs. pine forest age (first and second-order polynomial models). The latter similarity can be supported by the fact that soil water repellency is induced by the hydrophobic and amphiphilic components of soil organic matter.
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Escudero-Páez, Sandra P., Esteban Botero-Delgadillo, and Cristián F. Estades. "Effect of plantation clearcutting on carnivore presence in industrial forest landscapes in south-central Chile." Mammalia 83, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0061.
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Abstract Information on how wildlife is affected by pine plantation clearcutting is relevant for designing management strategies to promote biodiversity conservation in productive systems. By comparing the number of records of carnivores in a mosaic of pine plantations and native forest remnants before and after pine harvesting, we assessed the effect of plantation clearcutting on carnivore presence in ten sampling areas in Central Chile. We also included a number of covariates to account for their potential confounding effects, for example, the distance between each site and the nearesting human settlement and vegetation cover. A total of 10 species were observed, but no negative effect of clearcutting on carnivore presence was detected. Only the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) responded positively to the harvesting of pine plantations. The threatened kodkod (Leopardus guigna) was absent in clearcut areas and the number of records increased in forests or plantations with a dense understorey. The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) responded positively to human settlements and seems to prefer more open areas. The number of records for the Puma (Puma concolor) and the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) was too few, and hence, we could not make any inference regarding these two species. The other species recorded showed different responses to one or more of the included covariates. Although our results showed that the recording of some species could change in the short term after pine harvesting, future studies should assess the impact of clearcutting at a much higher scale, both in terms of space and time.
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Morris, D. M., and G. B. MacDonald. "Development of a competition index for young conifer plantations established on boreal mixedwood sites." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67403-4.
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A competition index was developed, and then used to examine the relationships between perennial competition and plantation performance. Species included were white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine for both over-wintered containers and bare root stock. A total of fifteen four-year-old plantations were used in this study representing a range of soil textures located on boreal mixedwood sites in northern Ontario.Effective canopy cover, derived from vertical hemispherical photographs taken at the base of seedling leaders, provided an accurate estimate of the perennial woody competition affecting seedling diameter growth. Initial seedling size, defined by the stem volume at time of planting, proved to be an important covariate in the analysis.Using the relationship between effective canopy cover and seedling root collar diameter, the following questions regarding vegetation control decision-making were addressed: 1) jack pine was more sensitive to increased levels of competition, 2) over-wintered container stock were more sensitive than their larger bare root counterparts, 3) minimal differences occurred in the pattern of growth response to competition across the range of soil textures studied, and 4) early tending treatments should be concentrated on jack pine plantations or on spruce plantations with an effective canopy cover in excess of 60. Key Words: competition index, hemispherical photographs, boreal plantations, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, tending guidelines.
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Parker, William C., Daniel C. Dey, Steven G. Newmaster, Ken A. Elliott, and Eric Boysen. "Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplanting." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77721-4.
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The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume were positively correlated with thinning intensity and the size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments, but was significantly higher in white ash and white pine than red oak. Understory vegetation included 113 species, with species richness increasing with thinning intensity and proximity to neighbouring plant communities. Thinning to create relatively large canopy openings in combination with underplanting can promote the natural succession of young pine plantations to native forest species. Keywords: direct seeding, plant diversity, natural regeneration, red oak, restoration, white ash, white pine
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Sivaranjani, Subramanian, and Vijender Pal Panwar. "An ecological appraisal of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. (Chir pine) and Shorea robusta Gaertn. (Sal) plantations in Doon valley." Indian Journal of Forestry 43, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-r7n9fu.
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The present study focused on phyto-sociological and physico-chemical attributes of soil in Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine) and Shorea robusta (Sal) plantations in a reserved estate of New Forest, Dehradun. A total of 33 plant species comprising of 18 trees, 10 shrubs and five herbs were recorded from the study area. The tree density, in chir pine was lower 950 individuals/ ha as compared to 1073 individuals/ ha in sal vegetation. In saplings, high density was observed for Syzygium cumini (20 individuals/ 100m2) in sal followed by Broussonetia papyrifera (19 individuals/100m2) in chir pine plantation. Lantana camara, marked its presence with highest density (49 individuals/100 m2) in chir pine followed by Clerodendrum infortunatum (18 individuals/100 m2) in sal plantation. Higher tree basal cover (51 m2/ha) was recorded in sal than chir pine (19 m2/ha). Similarly, the tree diversity in sal was recorded higher (1.68) as compared to chir pine (1.51) plantation. Contrarily, sapling diversity was higher (2.81) in chir pine as compared to sal (2.52) plantation. Herbaceous flora was completely absent in sal plantation. Analysis of size class distribution revealed that sal trees (~ 29%) attained 21-30 cm diameter whereas chir pine trees (68%) were under 11-20 cm diameter class mainly due to preferred growing zone of the species and habitat suitability. The soil under chir pine was slightly acidic (5.98) with sandy loam texture. Soil was comparatively good with higher soil organic carbon (2.71%) under sal plantation mainly due to high humus deposition. It is suggested to restrict wide spread of Lantana camara in chir pine plantation for the better growth of the species and enhance nutrient availability.
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Hunt, Ellis V., and J. David Lenhart. "Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/10.4.215.
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Abstract Four surveys of pine plantations in East Texas between 1969 and 1984 indicate that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection rates are increasing on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and either decreasing or about constant on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Currently, stem infections occur on about 1 in 2 slash pines and 1 in 14 loblolly pines. South. J. Appl. For. 10:215-216, Nov. 1986.
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Ingle, Kapilkumar, Hardeep Kaur, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, József Bürgés, Áron Szabó, and Róbert Gallé. "Winter-Active Spider Fauna is Affected by Plantation Forest Type." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa025.
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Abstract Plantations of non-native trees for commercial use are common practice in Europe. They are known to have severe ecological impacts on arthropod fauna by altering microclimatic conditions and reducing microhabitat diversity. However, the effect of plantation tree species on winter-active fauna is relatively unknown. Spiders are a diverse predatory arthropod taxon with strong effect on their prey populations. The composition of spider communities sensitively indicates changes in habitat structure. We established 40 sampling sites in five non-native pine and five native poplar plantations and collected spiders with pitfall traps for two winters in the Southern part of Hungary. We assessed the average height of vegetation and percentage cover of leaf litter, mosses, herbaceous vegetation, and shrubs to characterize habitat structure. We found species richness and activity density of spiders in the non-native compared to the native plantations, presumably due to the more temperate microclimate in pine than in poplar plantations. However, there was no significant effect of habitat structure and its interaction with forest type on species richness and activity density of spiders. Species composition of non-native and native plantation forests differed significantly. Furthermore, we identified six characteristic spider species of non-native plantations with preference for relatively moist habitat conditions. The single characteristic species, (Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873) for the native plantations preferred dry and partly shaded habitats. We conclude that the effect of microclimatic differences and prey availability presumably overrides the effect of habitat structure on winter-active spiders.
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Powers, Robert. "Intensive Managementof Ponderosa Pine Plantations:." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 10, no. 3/4 (June 1, 2001): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v10n03_07.
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Parker, G. R. "The Importance of Cover on Use of Conifer Plantations by Snowshoe Hares in Northern New Brunswick." Forestry Chronicle 62, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc62159-3.
Full textAbstract:
Five conifer plantations were sampled in northern New Brunswick for winter use by snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). In 8-year old plantations winter hare pellets were 20 times more abundant in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) than in a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand, which in turn contained 30% more pellets than a red pine (Pinus resinosa) stand. In two 13-year-old plantations, hare pellets were more abundant in a black spruce than a jack pine stand. Conifer cover 1-3 m in height influenced pellet densities. Conifer cover < 1 m in height did not influence pellet densities (winter hare use) probably due to snow depths of approximately that height. Winter pellet densities did not relate to availability of deciduous twigs (preferred food). In young plantations (~8 years), conifer cover was greatest in jack pine stands. By 13 years, high hare densities and subsequent browsing reduced critical conifer cover values in jack pine stands. Conifer cover values and hare densities increased with age of spruce plantations due to less browsing intensity in earlier years. It is concluded that conifer cover 1-3 m above ground is the single most important factor influencing distribution of hares among spruce and pine plantations (and consequent feeding damage to stock species) during winter in northern New Brunswick. Key words: Snowshoe hare, New Brunswick, winter use of pine and spruce plantations, importance of cover.
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He, Jie, Quanhou Dai, Fengwei Xu, Youjin Yan, and Xudong Peng. "Variability in Soil Macronutrient Stocks across a Chronosequence of Masson Pine Plantations." Forests 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010017.
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Plantations play a vital role in the global nutrient cycle because they have large stocks of soil macronutrients. However, the impacts of plantations on soil macronutrient stocks combined with stand age and soil physicochemical properties have not been well quantified. We compared soil macronutrient stocks at soil depths of 0−20 and 20−40 cm across a 7-, 14-, 25-, and 30-year chronosequence of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) plantations. The results showed that the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) stocks first increased and then decreased with stand age. The highest N and P stocks were observed in the 14-year-old plantation, and the 25-year-old plantation displayed the highest K stock. The C, N, and P stocks declined with increasing soil depth across all sites, whereas the reverse trend was found in the K stock. Carbon stocks were highest for all plantations, followed by the K, N, and P stocks. Plantation soils exhibited a higher C:P ratio and a lower P:K ratio at various soil depths. The dominant controlling factors for the soil macronutrient stocks varied significantly at different stand ages and soil depths according to statistical analysis. For the total soil system, the C stock was affected by the available nutrients, organic matter, and stoichiometry; the available nutrients and organic matter were the determinant factors of the N and P stocks. Aggregate stability could be the primary parameter affecting the K stock. Organic matter explained most of the variation in soil macronutrient stocks, followed by the P:K ratio and available K. Collectively, our results suggest that the response of soil macronutrient stocks to stand age and soil depth will be dependent on different soil physicochemical properties, and P and K may be important limiting factors in Masson pine plantation ecosystems.
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Baiturina, Regina, Vladimir Konovalov, Aydar Gabdelkhakov, Elvira Khanova, and Dina Rafikova. "Forest Stand Reproduction in the Changing Climate Conditions on the Example of the Bashkortostan Republic." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170609.
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The paper considers the issues of forest reproduction by plantation type based on selection and genetic approaches in forest cultivation and forest seed production. The research explores the growth condition and regularities of common pine plus-trees, the best individuals with high-quality genetically determined traits for creating seed and vegetative seed plantations and further conducting breeding work are identified. There are findings on the genetic variability of trees on forest-seed plantations by ISSR markers on the example of common pine, identifying the existing gene pool of this species. Studies of forest reproduction by plantation type conducted throughout one republic or the planet as a whole provide preconditions for its improvement and higher efficiency of silvicultural works. Scientific and environmental institutions and authorities should join their efforts to develop effective measures to compensate for reforestation forest management.
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Pubanz, Dan M., Randy L. Williams, David L. Congos, and Marshall Pecore. "Effects of the White Pine Weevil in Well-Stocked Eastern White Pine Stands in Wisconsin." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/16.4.185.
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Abstract We documented the effects of the white pine weevil, a native insect, on the development of 30-to 80-yr-old white pine in 17 well-stocked plantations in northern Wisconsin and 150-yr-old white pine on the Menominee Indian Reservation in northeastern Wisconsin. Thirty-four plots with unsuppressed white pine were located in these plantations. Of these plots, 79.4% averaged at least 165 white pine crop trees per acre and were considered to be sufficiently stocked with crop trees. A total of 411 trees that satisfied crop tree criteria were evaluated, and 87.3% had identifiable weevil injury. The number of weevil injuries ranged from zero to six in the lower 17 ft of the tree and averaged 2.1 injuries. In 101 dominant/codominant white pines that were 150 yr old, volume lost to crook was 0.1%. The lower 16 ft of these felled trees were sectioned and contained an average of 3.3 weevil injuries. Stocking and management are key to minimizing the effects of white pine weevil on white pine. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):185-190.