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1
Beltrán, Sergio, Mikel Maiza, Alejandro de la Sota, José María Villanueva, and Eduardo Ayesa. "Advanced data management for optimising the operation of a full-scale WWTP." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.175.
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The lack of appropriate data management tools is presently a limiting factor for a broader implementation and a more efficient use of sensors and analysers, monitoring systems and process controllers in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper presents a technical solution for advanced data management of a full-scale WWTP. The solution is based on an efficient and intelligent use of the plant data by a standard centralisation of the heterogeneous data acquired from different sources, effective data processing to extract adequate information, and a straightforward connection to other emerging tools focused on the operational optimisation of the plant such as advanced monitoring and control or dynamic simulators. A pilot study of the advanced data manager tool was designed and implemented in the Galindo-Bilbao WWTP. The results of the pilot study showed its potential for agile and intelligent plant data management by generating new enriched information combining data from different plant sources, facilitating the connection of operational support systems, and developing automatic plots and trends of simulated results and actual data for plant performance and diagnosis.
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Nad, Alona, Mohammad Jooshaki, Emilia Tuominen, Simon Michaux, Arno Kirpala, and Johanna Newcomb. "Digitalization Solutions in the Mineral Processing Industry: The Case of GTK Mintec, Finland." Minerals 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020210.
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The technologies used in mineral process engineering are evolving. The digital mineral processing solutions are based on advances in our ability to instrumentally measure phenomena at several stages of the beneficiation circuit, manage the data in real-time, and to analyze these data using machine learning to develop the next generation of process control. The main purpose of this study is to overview various digital solutions for mineral processing plants and characterization laboratories while emphasizing their utilization in the current state of the digitization process of the GTK Mintec. This study highlights the specialized digital technologies that are particularly relevant for mineral processing and beneficiation. The digital solutions studied in this article include digital twin, machine vision, information management system, sensors, smart equipment, machine learning techniques, process control system, robotic cell, and Internet of Things applied across the whole chain of studying materials from the mineralogical examinations through the bench-scale studies to the pilot test trials. The aim is to provide a clear view on the different aspects of digitizing mineral processing plants based upon the lessons learned from the development plans in GTK Mintec.
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Poós, Tibor, and Evelin Varju. "Experimental investigation of pre-drying data for some medicinal herbs in forced convection." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2019): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190726465p.
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The special active agent content of herbs makes them suitable for healing and health preservation. The key element in the processing of herbs and spices is drying. Before drying, the medicinal plants should be stored under appropriate conditions to avoid deterioration of quality where one of the possible methods is pre-drying with ambient air. This work defines the determination of main operational parameters at forced convection drying with ambient air like drying rate, volume decrease, maximum drying air velocity and porosity for various medicinal plants (common yarrow - Achillea collina, giant goldenrod - Solidago gigantea, wormwood - Artemisia, walnut leaf - Juglandis folium, wild carrot - Daucus carota). To determine the drying rate, a convective dryer was used where the average drying rate of common yarrow and wild carrot were the highest followed by giant goldenrod, walnut leaf and wormwood. Measurements were made on a pilot plant fluidized bed dryer to determine the volume decrease and the maximum drying air velocity. The volume decrease was determined as a function of time and moisture content. It was found that the maximum drying air velocity for each medicinal plant was between 1.8 and 2.2 m/s. In addition, for each herb the porosity was measured by an air pycnometer.
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Bellopede, Rossana, Lorena Zichella, and Paola Marini. "Glass Waste3: A Preliminary Study for a New Industrial Recovery Processing." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051997.
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In recent times, the selection and treatment of glass waste are implemented in processing plants where a secondary raw material (SRM) named glass cullet, which is suitable for glass production, and a waste containing a high percentage of glass (glass waste2) is obtained. In the literature, there are many studies conducted on the recovery of the cullet, while few are the studies on the recovery of the waste that is produced by cullet processing. According to the 2013 Joint Research Centre (JRC) Reference report, the cullet produces savings in terms of energy and raw materials. However, it has a high current cost and its availability is becoming difficult, therefore its use is not always economically advantageous. The goal and strategy of the European Union is zero waste. For this purpose, further treatment of glass waste has been investigated. Through the industrial treatment of the glass waste2, a glass waste3 constituted again by an SRM made of glass is obtained together with a high quantity of presumed SRM (e.g., heavy plastic, corks, iron, non-ferrous metals, etc.). The process treatment separating these SRMs from the glass waste3 is, in this case, a pilot plant that needs to be optimized in order to reach an economic and sustainable industrial process solution. In particular, the materials to be recycled are exploitable product fractions with different particle sizes and physical properties (such as density, shape and resistance). This research is based on data collected from a North Italy process plant and is aimed at solving the issue of waste in this kind of process by implementing a pilot plant already present. Representative samples of feed material (glass waste3) and different products of the pilot plant have been analyzed. Moreover, laboratory tests were executed to improve separation efficiency and to valorize the different product fractions. A flow sheet of a new treatment plant has been developed and an economic evaluation has been made. The materials that will be separated in the new plant could be traded as SRM—e.g., plastics, metals, synthetic and cork stoppers—which constitute almost 90% of the total feed of the plant.
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Yeoh, B. G. "Use of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Upgrading Small Agroindustrial Wastewater Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 10 (November 1, 1993): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0234.
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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was found to be useful in enhancing the final discharge quality of some agroindustrial wastewaters treated in lagoon systems. With a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 days, the macrophyte was able to further reduce the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of anaerobically and aerobically treated palm oil mill effluent by 40% to 50 mgl-1, accompanied by remarkable removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) by 53.7% and 68.8% respectively. It also assisted in the settling of suspended solids (SS) to below 20 mgl-1. In the secondary treatment of small-scale piggery effluent, the aquatic weed was found in a pilot field investigation to be 17-112% more efficient than algae in removing BOD and COD loads from a reconstituted effluent. A study at an institutional farm confirmed that >97% reduction of the major pollutional parameters was achieved. Introduction of hyacinth to a pilot plant treating sugar refinery wastewater resulted in the removal of BOD, COD and SS by 43.5%, 35.8% and 21.9% respectively with a HRT of 7 days. However, a chloride content exceeding 100 mgl-1 would inhibit its healthy growth. In the tertiary treatment of natural rubber processing effluent, removals of 85% BOD, 80% COD, 88% SS, 50% AN and 53% TKN were achieved with a HRT of 10 days. Increasing the HRT to 15 days resulted in higher removal efficiencies. Harvesting data indicated that the average biomass produced was 6-10% per day. The average growth rate of the aquatic plant could be as high as 505kg ha-1day-1 on dry weight basis.
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Tan, Felicia, Vincent Tam, and Chris Savvides. "Elevated LNG Vapour Dispersion—Effects of Topography, Obstruction and Phase Change." Eng 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2020016.
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The dispersion of vapour of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is generally assumed to be from a liquid spill on the ground in hazard and risk analysis. However, this cold vapour could be discharged at height through cold venting. While there is similarity to the situation where a heavier-than-air gas, e.g., CO2, is discharged through tall vent stacks, LNG vapour is cold and induces phase change of ambient moisture leading to changes in the thermodynamics as the vapour disperses. A recent unplanned cold venting of LNG vapour event due to failure of a pilot, provided valuable data for further analysis. This event was studied using CFD under steady-state conditions and incorporating the effect of thermodynamics due to phase change of atmospheric moisture. As the vast majority of processing plants do not reside on flat planes, the effect of surrounding topography was also investigated. This case study highlighted that integral dispersion model was not applicable as key assumptions used to derive the models were violated and suggested guidance and methodologies appropriate for modelling cold vent and flame out situations for elevated vents.
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Menesatti, P., F. Pallottino, S. Figorilli, F. Antonucci, R. Tomasone, and C. Costa. "Multi-sensor imaging retrofit system to test precision agriculture machine-based applications." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017000577.
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An increasing number of farm machines nowadays implement precision agriculture technologies. Most of these operate through proximal sensing using optical sensors (i.e. NIR or Vis-NIR). Imaging techniques in this context have received minor consideration due to the complex analysis of the data but on the other side offer great flexibility. This study reports a preliminary pilot imaging multi-sensor retrofit system to be applied independently on a wide range of agricultural machines and able to test different monitoring or control image-based applications for precision agriculture. The process, based on RGB image, was tested for in-field discrimination of weeds in lettuce and broccoli crops. It works by discriminating and extracting single plants from the soil and weeds. However, to be truly implementable, the experimental code should be optimized in order to shorten the time needed for acquisition and processing.
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BANDLER, RUTH, PARIS M. BRICKEY, STANLEY M. CICHOWICZ, JOHN S. GECAN, and PHILIP B. MISLIVEC. "Effects of Processing Equipment on Howard Mold and Rot Fragment Counts of Tomato Catsup." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.1.28.
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Two studies were done to determine the effects of processing equipment on Howard mold and rot fragment counts of tomato catsup. In a pilot plant study in 1980, batches of catsup with known cut-out rot levels were produced and processed through various types of comminution equipment. Urschel and Fitzpatrick mills and homogenizers at 500 to 700 and 1500 to 2000 psi increased mold counts more than twofold over the range of data obtained. Contrary to previous reports, Urschel mills increased rot counts significantly. A nationwide survey was conducted in 1983 to determine if similar effects would be found with well-characterized commercial products. Data were obtained on inline and finished products from 164 lots of catsup produced at 16 plants located across the country. Urschel and Fitzpatrick mills tended to increase mold counts over twofold and caused a slight increase in rot counts. High pressure homogenizers (≥2000 psi) tended to decrease mold counts; low pressure homogenizers (<2000 psi) increased them. Homogenization at any pressure reduced rot counts dramatically. Although mold counts were highest for catsup produced in the eastern United States and lowest for catsup produced in the West, milling and low pressure homogenization were also most prevalent in the East and least prevalent in the West. When the effects of these types of comminution were removed, the difference between regions diminished. Compared with the norm, rainfall levels for the growing regions involved in this survey were fairly typical.
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Połomka, Jacek, Andrzej Jędrczak, and Sylwia Myszograj. "Recovery of Stabilizer Glass in Innovative MBT Installation—An Analasys of New Technological Procedure." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061356.
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The data published by the European Container Glass Federation shows that the EU28 average collection rate for recycling of glass containers has grown to a rate of 76%. However the stabilizer produced at mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) installations at landfills still contains large amounts of recyclable glass. An industrial-scale study has been undertaken in order to assess the possibility of recovering this glass from the stabilizer. A new pilot installation was built at the MBT plant in Marszów, Poland. Tests were conducted on stabilizer samples produced at the plant (13 samples) and others collected from several MBT plants based in Poland (six samples). Processing the stabilizer on the designed line made it possible to recover on average 68.4 ± 7.0% of the glass contained in it from Marszów samples and 58.4 ± 14.2% in the case of samples acquired from other MBT installations. It is demonstrated that the concentrate quality largely depends on the stabilizer’s moisture content. A concentrate with glass content from 98.0% to 99.5% was obtained for samples of low-moisture stabilizers (for 14 out of 19 samples). The product was accepted by glass recycling plants due to its low level of contamination with other materials and its appropriate particle size.
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Driller, Christine, Markus Koch, Marco Schmidt, Claus Weiland, Thomas Hörnschemeyer, Thomas Hickler, Giuseppe Abrami, et al. "Workflow and Current Achievements of BIOfid, an Information Service Mobilizing Biodiversity Data from Literature Sources." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (April 16, 2018): e25876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25876.
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BIOfid is a specialized information service currently being developed to mobilize biodiversity data dormant in printed historical and modern literature and to offer a platform for open access journals on the science of biodiversity. Our team of librarians, computer scientists and biologists produce high-quality text digitizations, develop new text-mining tools and generate detailed ontologies enabling semantic text analysis and semantic search by means of user-specific queries. In a pilot project we focus on German publications on the distribution and ecology of vascular plants, birds, moths and butterflies extending back to the Linnaeus period about 250 years ago. The three organism groups have been selected according to current demands of the relevant research community in Germany. The text corpus defined for this purpose comprises over 400 volumes with more than 100,000 pages to be digitized and will be complemented by journals from other digitization projects, copyright-free and project-related literature. With TextImager (Natural Language Processing & Text Visualization) and TextAnnotator (Discourse Semantic Annotation) we have already extended and launched tools that focus on the text-analytical section of our project. Furthermore, taxonomic and anatomical ontologies elaborated by us for the taxa prioritized by the project’s target group - German institutions and scientists active in biodiversity research - are constantly improved and expanded to maximize scientific data output. Our poster describes the general workflow of our project ranging from literature acquisition via software development, to data availability on the BIOfid web portal (http://biofid.de/), and the implementation into existing platforms which serve to promote global accessibility of biodiversity data.
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Oh, H. K., M. J. Yu, E. M. Gwon, J. Y. Koo, S. G. Kim, and A. Koizumi. "KNT-artificial neural network model for flux prediction of ultrafiltration membrane producing drinking water." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 8 (October 1, 2004): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0499.
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This paper describes the prediction of flux behavior in an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system using a Kalman neuro training (KNT) network model. The experimental data was obtained from operating a pilot plant of hollow fiber UF membrane with groundwater for 7 months. The network was trained using operating conditions such as inlet pressure, filtration duration, and feed water quality parameters including turbidity, temperature and UV254. Pre-processing of raw data allowed the normalized input data to be used in sigmoid activation functions. A neural network architecture was structured by modifying the number of hidden layers, neurons and learning iterations. The structure of KNT-neural network with 3 layers and 5 neurons allowed a good prediction of permeate flux by 0.997 of correlation coefficient during the learning phase. Also the validity of the designed model was evaluated with other experimental data not used during the training phase and nonlinear flux behavior was accurately estimated with 0.999 of correlation coefficient and a lower error of prediction in the testing phase. This good flux prediction can provide preliminary criteria in membrane design and set up the proper cleaning cycle in membrane operation. The KNT-artificial neural network is also expected to predict the variation of transmembrane pressure during filtration cycles and can be applied to automation and control of full scale treatment plants.
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Vanrolleghem, P., D. Van der Schueren, G. Krikilion, K. Grijspeerdt, P. Willems, and W. Verstraete. "On-line quantification of settling properties with in-sensor-experiments in an automated settlometer." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0004.
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An on-line settlometer has been developed. Batch settling experiments lasting 40 min are performed in a model clarifier incorporated in the sensor (“In-Sensor-Experiment”). The descent of the sludge blanket interface is monitored and the settling characteristics are deduced. The hardware consists of a 10 litre Pyrex decanter, a stirring/wall-scraping mechanism, an external light source and a moving light-intensity scanner. Either stirred or non-stirred settling curves can be recorded. Processing of the raw data readily produces the zone or hindered settling velocity (Vs) and the (stirred) sludge volume ([S]SV). The latter can be combined with a sludge concentration measurement to determine SVI-values, and dSVIs if a dilution step is included. Initial results are reported on a more elaborate interpretation of the data based on sedimentation models. The Takács et al. and Cho et al. models described the settling curves equally well. However, an identifiability analysis showed that not all parameters can be given unique values on the basis of the simple batch settling experiments applied in the work. More elaborate “In-Sensor-Experiments” are required to obtain complete identification. Two years of practical experience with the device on pilot- and full-scale treatment plants revealed its robustness, low maintenance requirements and reproducible monitoring of settling curves.
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Brzozowski, Marek, Mariusz Pakowski, Mirosław Myszka, Mirosław Michalczewski, and Urszula Winiarska. "The Research of Modern Radar Equipment Conducted in the Air Force Institute of Technology by the Application of Military Aircrafts." Aviation Advances & Maintenance 40, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 27–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afit-2017-0002.
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Abstract The publication described selected issues from the research area of modern radar equipment produced by the Polish industrial plants, using military aircrafts of various types. A technical development caused a substantial improvement of detection parameters of flying objects by radar sensors what forces changes in research methods used to verify tactical and technical parameters of these devices. The article covers research methods of radar equipment, pilots’ assistive devices as well as methods of logging and processing the measurement data applied in the Research Laboratory for Radar Equipment and Aeronautical Engineering of the AFIT (pol. Laboratorium Badań Urządzeń Radarowych i Techniki Lotniczej ITWL).
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Valentino, Novio, Dwi Lukman Hakim, and Fusia Mirda Yanti. "PERANCANGAN GEOMETRI DAN POWER PENGADUK UNTUK BIOREAKTOR." Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) 16, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jel.v16i2.4802.
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Sei Pagar's palm oil mill (PKS Sei Pagar), PTPN V Riau processes fresh fruit bunch into crude palm oil(CPO). This processing also generates waste like empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells, fiber, and palm oilmill effluent (POME). POME has a high content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), approximately30,000-80,000 mg/L, which is usually fermented by bacteria. This fermentation mechanism can beused to produce biogas containing methane in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Since POMEor organic materials for biogas production generally contain sludge, the biogas production processshould have an agitator to mix sediment in the base reactor and improve biogas production. Thisresearch aims to determine the agitator's specifications for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar,consisting of power type and type of stirrer include diameter calculation, geometry, and powercalculation. The agitator's power and geometry are determined based on input data from the datasheetreactor and the efficiency of the stirrer is calculated by Reynolds reynolds numbers. From thisresearch's calculations, an agitator geometry for the biogas pilot plant in PKS Sei Pagar had a length of0.875 m, a width of 0.7 m, and a height of 3.5 m. This research also obtained that the motor power resultwas 23.55 HP. The selection of motor power in the Biogas pilot plant's stirring process in PKS Sei Pagarshould have a standard agitator motor power of 25 HP.
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Zapico, Aida, Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra, María Gómez-Martín, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, and Sonia González. "Pilot Study for the Dietary Assessment of Xenobiotics Derived from Food Processing in an Adult Spanish Sample." Foods 11, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030470.
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Background: Although xenobiotics from food processing have gained support as possible drivers of the relationship between diet and some types of cancer, there are still few studies characterizing the intake of these compounds among different populations. Aim: To describe the intake of heterocyclic amines (HAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines, and acrylamide; and to identify dietary and lifestyle related factors. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in 70 adult volunteers. Intake was registered by means of a food frequency questionnaire, including cooking methods, temperature, and degree of browning. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) and the Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) databases were used for xenobiotic estimation in conjunction with data from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Results: Dietary HAs (amino-alpha-carboline (AαC), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo (4,5,f) quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo (4,5,f) quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8 trime-thylimidazo (4,5,f) quinoxaline (DiMeIQx), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo (4,5,b) pyridine (PhIP)) were mainly derived from meat and meat products, while benzo (a) pyrene (B(a)P), dibenzo (a) anthracene (DiB(a)A), and total PAHs were explained by oils and fats, alcoholic beverages, and milk, respectively. Microwaved, fried, grilled, broiled, barbecued, and braised cooking methods were mainly responsible for HAs and PAHs consumption. Conclusion: Based on the wide presence and levels of intake of these compounds in different sources, more efforts should be made to adjust their intake to the levels recommended by health agencies.
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Ivanov, V. K., E. V. Spirin, S. S. Lovachev, A. N. Menyajlo, S. Yu Chekin, and V. M. Solomatin. "Radiological protection of the public during the normal operating of the Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) and in increased total power of reactor plants in the Industrial power complex (IPC) within the framework of the Proryv Project." "Radiation and Risk" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry 30, no. 4 (2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-4-5-23.
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The paper presents results of research on radiological protection of the public during normal op-eration of Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC) and in increased total power of reactor plants in the Industrial power complex (IPC) based on the current national radiation safety stand-ards (NRB-99/2009), UNSCEAR conclusions and ICRP recommendations. To evaluate radiologi-cal protection of the public the concepts of radiological detriment (RD) and the level of radiation protection (LRP) were used. The concepts were also used to examine the compliance of the BREST-OD-300, fabrication/refabrication module, processing module, BR-1200 and BN-1200 re-actors, collectively called nuclear objects, with safety standards. RD and LRP were estimated with the use of data of the Russian national cancer statistics and cancer statistics of the regions, wherein nuclear objects are planned to be placed – Tomsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk. For the public residing nearby the nuclear objects the estimated LRP and RD meet NRB-99/2009 re-quirements concerning the restriction of radiation risk at the level of 10Е-5 from potential irradiation during a year. For the public of the critical group (girls younger than 5 years of age), residing nearby the PDEC and the nuclear objects the negligible risk of 10Е-6 can be achievable if annual radiation doses of 3H, for BREST-OD-300, reduce by 80%, and of annual doses of Cs-137, for the processing module reduce by 75%. The negligible risk for the public can be achieved if annual radiation doses of H-3 for BREST-OD-300 reduce by 10% and annual radiation doses of Cs-137 for processing module reduce by 5%. Projected radiation risk value for the public residing nearby BN-1200 and BR-1200 or nearby the IPC with two BR-1200 facilities will be much lower than the level of the negligible risk of 10Е-6. The RD calculated with ICRP methodology, serves as confirmation of the need to improve efficiency in cancer care in Tomsk region in order the regional RD to be at the national level. Because the high level of radiological protection of the public during the normal operation of the fabrication/refabrication module, its further operation when establishing IPC based on BR-1200 is feasible.
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Dianingrum, Melia, Nandang Hermanto, and Mohamad Iqbal Rifa'i. "Expert System for Simulation of Pest and Disease Diagnosis in Onion Plant Using Putty Shafer Method and Rule-Based Approach." IJIIS: International Journal of Informatics and Information Systems 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47738/ijiis.v2i1.8.
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The expert system is trying to adopt a system of human knowledge into a computer so that the computer can solve problems like the experts. The expert system is well designed in order to solve a particular problem by mimicking the work of the expert. The development of an expert system is expected to be resolved problems with the help of experts. The problems addressed by an expert not only the problems that rely on algorithms but sometimes elusive problems. An expert with knowledge and experience can overcome these problems. The application of an expert system in this study is made to diagnose pests and diseases in onion plants based on the web. The Data Collection method used is literature studies, interviews and observation. The stages of research used are literature review, data processing analyst, and Onion analyzed and photographed which then is uploaded and analyzed, Dempster Shafer method, application development, evaluation. In the last stage is the pilot study conducted using a Blackbox method and testing to the user. The result of the research is in the form of an expert system application that can diagnose pests and diseases of onion as many as 7 types of diseases. The output system is in the form of onion disease searching result obtained based on the symptoms inputted by the user. The result of Blackbox Testing is all functions of the application successfully run well. Testing to the users rated well both appearance and information of the application.
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Koch, Markus, Christine Driller, Marco Schmidt, Thomas Hörnschemeyer, Claus Weiland, Istvan Miko, Matthew Yoder, and Thomas Hickler. "Current progress in the development of taxonomic and anatomical ontologies within the scope of BIOfid." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e25585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25585.
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The Specialized Information Service Biodiversity Research (BIOfid; http://biofid.de/) has recently been launched to mobilize valuable biodiversity data hidden in German print sources of the past 250 years. The partners involved in this project started digitisation of the literature corpus envisaged for the pilot stage and provided novel applications for natural language processing and visualization. In order to foster development of new text mining tools, the Senckenberg Biodiversity Informatics team focuses on the design of ontologies for taxa and their anatomy. We present our progress for the taxa prioritized by the target group for the pilot stage, i.e. for vascular plants, moths and butterflies, as well as birds. With regard to our text corpus a key aspect of our taxonomic ontologies is the inclusion of German vernacular names. For this purpose we assembled a taxonomy ontology for vascular plants by synchronizing taxon lists from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) with K.P. Buttler’s Florenliste von Deutschland (http://www.kp-buttler.de/florenliste/). Hierarchical classification of the taxonomic names and class relationships focus on rank and status (validity vs. synonymy). All classes are additionally annotated with details on scientific name, taxonomic authorship, and source. Taxonomic names for birds are mainly compiled from ITIS and the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) World Bird List, for moths and butterflies mainly from GBIF, both lists being classified and annotated accordingly. We intend to cross-link our taxonomy ontologies with the Environment Ontology (ENVO) and anatomy ontologies such as the Flora Phenotype Ontology (FLOPO). For moths and butterflies we started to design the Lepidoptera Anatomy Ontology (LepAO) on the basis of the already available Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO). LepAO is planned to be interoperable with other ontologies in the framework of the OBO foundry. A main modification of HAO is the inclusion of German anatomical terms from published glossaries that we add as scientific and vernacular synonyms to make use of already available identifiers (URIs) for corresponding English terms. International collaboration with the founders of HAO and teams focusing on other insect orders such as beetles (ColAO) aims at development of a unified Insect Anatomy Ontology. With a restriction on terms applicable on all insects the unified Insect Anatomy Ontology is intended to establish a basis for accelerating the design of more specific anatomy ontologies for any particular insect order. The advancement of such ontologies aligns with current needs to make knowledge accumulated in descriptive studies on the systematics of organisms accessible to other domains. In the context of BIOfid our ontologies provide exemplars on how semantic queries of yet untapped data relevant for biodiversity studies can be achieved for literature in non-English languages. Furthermore, BIOfid will serve as an open access platform for professional international journals facilitating non-commercial publishing of biodiversity and biodiversity-related data.
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Charchar, J. M., M. E. N. Fonseca, J. B. Pinheiro, L. S. Boiteux, and J. D. Eisenback. "Epidemics of Meloidogyne brasilensis in Central Brazil on Processing Tomato Hybrids That Have the Root-Knot Nematode Mi Resistance Gene." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0781b.
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The species Meloidogyne brasilensis Charchar & Eisenback 2002 was described as causing root rot, severe wilt, and numerous galls in pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Brasília-Federal District and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Rossol (known to have the root-knot nematode resistance Mi gene) in Londrina-Paraná State, Brazil. To our knowledge, this current work is the first report of the epidemics on tomato hybrids that have the Mi gene caused by infection of M. brasilensis in central Brazil. Samples were obtained from fields with two commercial hybrids that have the Mi gene (‘Calroma’ and ‘Nemapride’) that were cultivated under center-pivot irrigation in Silvânia, Goiás State. These hybrids exhibited slow vegetative development and malformed roots because of the high number of large galls. Symptomatic plants were collected from a tomato crop area of more than 100 ha. Random sampling indicated field sectors with up to 100% of symptomatic plants. Morphological and morphometric evaluations of this Meloidogyne population were carried out with the female perineal pattern, stylet, and excretory pore and also with the male body traits, labial disc, and stylet. The esterase phenotype was unique for this population with four clear bands (J. M. Charchar, unpublished data). Altogether, the morphological and biochemical characteristics of this population were in agreement with that reported for M. brasilensis (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled using tomato ‘Rutgers’ (susceptible) and ‘Rossol' (with the Mi resistance locus) under greenhouse conditions. The massive use of tomato hybrids with the Mi gene could be a strong selection factor favoring this pathogen under growing conditions in central Brazil. Germplasm screen searching for sources of resistance specific to this nematode species is advisable. Reference: (1) J. M. Charchar and J. D. Eisenback. Nematology 4:629, 2002.
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Abidova, E. A., and O. Yu Pugacheva. "Validation of Methodology of Monitoring Drives Technical Condition of Control and Protection System of Reactor Installation Power Units Using Modeling." Global Nuclear Safety, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/gns-2022-03-05.
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The paper describes a model that confirms the reliability of the diagnostic methodology for the drives of the control and protection system (CPS) of the power units. The model simulates the operation of the diagnostic object which generates signals that are recorded, stored and processed by the Diagnostic System of the CPS drives. This system was developed by MEPhI as a pilot sample designed to diagnose the drive of the ARC of the fourth block of the Novovoronezh NPP and the drive of the LSD of the fifth block of the Novovoronezh NPP. The main requirement for the system is the ability to identify the most common defects in the drives of the ARC and LSD. The system has versatility, mobility, compactness and ease of use, and its technical and economic indicators are higher than the patented objects of industrial property, which indicates the prospects of its use for monitoring the technical condition of the electric drives of CPS in order to improve the safety of NPP. A methodology is developed which establishes the requirements for the content and organization of the procedure for diagnosing CPS drives using a comprehensive information system for monitoring the technical condition and resource characteristics of CPS drives of power units of the reactor WWER-440. This technique applies to the drives of CPS of the ARK and LSD type, which are in operation at nuclear power plants and is intended for specialists who use diagnostic system of CPS for their intended purpose. Validation of the methodology underlying the operation of the system is carried out by processing signals simulating the operation of drives in conditions of the most common defects. The article provides examples of simulated signals containing signs of defects provided by the methodology. The introduction of a validated system and methodology will simplify the task of collecting, analyzing, and comparing data on drives during operation at nuclear power plants, and will also improve the qualifications of personnel, which should have a positive impact on increasing the reliability and resource of equipment.
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Sagyndykova, A. Zh, N. S. Bekmuratova, and A. B. Duisenova. "INTENSIVE ENERGY SAVING METHOD OF GRAIN DRYING." PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES 335, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2224-5294.14.
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The method of drying of grain and removal of moisture which is based on receiving and processing of arising thermal processes described by the thermodynamics equation is developed. This way was a little studied and was less often applied because of considerable imperfection of the production technology of the converter of frequency of big power (to some hundred kilowatts) and frequencies (to some hundred kHz). However, at present the equipment for induction heating gained big development and its application on drying installations in comparison with traditional ways of heating more preferably. Offered induction way of drying of grain where the grain material passes through drying mine by gravity. For carrying out pilot studies, it is developed the transistor–thyristor device, which consists of the control unit, the converter of frequency, the bunker with the screw in it that has helix surface, inductor windings, and a hydrometer. The algorithm of receiving and data processing is developed in the MATLAB software. At further increase in frequency the coefficient of losses won't change, therefore, considering that our device works in GHz range coefficient of losses will be constant, i.e. equal 0,6. Therefore when studying influence of humidity of grain on coefficient of losses we can consider with confidence that frequency doesn't influence the accuracy of measurements. The amount of heat received by moisture in a weevil increases with increase in its humidity. It is a first time when the Maxwell’s formula is suitable for calculating a heat taken from grain moisture. Reduction in specific cost of all plants demands the appeal to development and introduction simple on a design of induction heaters that is an actual problem. Agricultural production, unlike other types of production, possesses a considerable resource – the reserved energy in a biological object. Thus, use of information approach to the description of reactions of biological objects on external influence allows to develop electrotechnologies for increase of productivity, productivity of the grain drying equipment, decrease in power consumption of process of drying of grain.
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Sagyndykova, A. Zh, N. S. Bekmuratova, and A. B. Duisenova. "INTENSIVE ENERGY SAVING METHOD OF GRAIN DRYING." PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES 335, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1726.14.
Full textAbstract:
The method of drying of grain and removal of moisture which is based on receiving and processing of arising thermal processes described by the thermodynamics equation is developed. This way was a little studied and was less often applied because of considerable imperfection of the production technology of the converter of frequency of big power (to some hundred kilowatts) and frequencies (to some hundred kHz). However, at present the equipment for induction heating gained big development and its application on drying installations in comparison with traditional ways of heating more preferably. Offered induction way of drying of grain where the grain material passes through drying mine by gravity. For carrying out pilot studies, it is developed the transistor–thyristor device, which consists of the control unit, the converter of frequency, the bunker with the screw in it that has helix surface, inductor windings, and a hydrometer. The algorithm of receiving and data processing is developed in the MATLAB software. At further increase in frequency the coefficient of losses won't change, therefore, considering that our device works in GHz range coefficient of losses will be constant, i.e. equal 0,6. Therefore when studying influence of humidity of grain on coefficient of losses we can consider with confidence that frequency doesn't influence the accuracy of measurements. The amount of heat received by moisture in a weevil increases with increase in its humidity. It is a first time when the Maxwell’s formula is suitable for calculating a heat taken from grain moisture. Reduction in specific cost of all plants demands the appeal to development and introduction simple on a design of induction heaters that is an actual problem. Agricultural production, unlike other types of production, possesses a considerable resource – the reserved energy in a biological object. Thus, use of information approach to the description of reactions of biological objects on external influence allows to develop electrotechnologies for increase of productivity, productivity of the grain drying equipment, decrease in power consumption of process of drying of grain.
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RIVAS, LUCIA, PIERRE-YVES DUPONT, BRENT GILPIN, and HELEN WITHERS. "Prevalence and Genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Ovine Carcasses in New Zealand." Journal of Food Protection 84, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-220.
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ABSTRACT A pilot survey was performed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on three age classes (lamb, hogget, and mutton) of ovine carcass trim postdressing and prechill. Sampling of hogget carcasses was undertaken 6 months before sampling of lamb and mutton carcasses. A total of 120 trim samples were collected from 11 processing plants across New Zealand. All samples were enriched and screened using PCR for the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli, and isolation was attempted for all screen-positive samples. Enumeration of Campylobacter from lamb trim samples showed that Campylobacter bacteria were present in very low numbers (<10 CFU/g). The overall prevalence of Campylobacter for ovine trim based on PCR detection was 33% (39 of 120 samples), with prevalences for hogget, lamb, and mutton carcass trim of 56% (28 of 50), 11% (4 of 35), and 20% (7 of 35), respectively. Whole genome sequencing was performed on a selection of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, and the data were used to subtype using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome MLST. Twenty-five MLST sequence types (STs) were identified among 44 isolates, including ST42, ST50, ST3222, and ST3072, which have been previously reported to be associated with ruminant sources. Four novel STs were also identified. Whole genome MLST analysis further discriminated isolates within a single ST type and demonstrated a genetic diversity among the ovine isolates collected. Genes associated with the oxacillinase class of β-lactamase enzymes were identified in 41 of 44 Campylobacter isolates. This study provides preliminary data that can be incorporated into existing source attribution models to assist in determining the potential contribution of ovine sources to the burden of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand. HIGHLIGHTS
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Dębowski, Marcin, Izabela Świca, Joanna Kazimierowicz, and Marcin Zieliński. "Large Scale Microalgae Biofuel Technology—Development Perspectives in Light of the Barriers and Limitations." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010081.
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Microalgal biomass can be used to derive many different types of biofuels. In order to widely commercialize this technology, its limitations and weaknesses must be eliminated. Many technical and economic issues also need to be clarified and unknowns answered. Microalgae-based technologies have been shown to be versatile, efficient and suitable for practical and commercial use. However, the current technological readiness level (TRL) of most microalgae-based bioenergy production systems precludes their quick and widespread implementation. Their development is limited by a combination of factors that must be precisely identified, after which their negative impact on scale-up prospects can be eliminated or minimized. The present study identifies the main barriers to the development of industrial microalgae-production and microalgae-to-biofuel systems. In addition, it proposes measures and efforts necessary to achieve a higher TRL, which will provide investors with sought-after performance and cost-efficiency data for the given project. The main barriers to the development of microalgae cultivation and processing systems have been identified to include: the complex nature of the cultivation process with multiple variables involved; lack of sufficient data from pilot-scale and near-full-scale plants, which often precludes reliable life cycle assessment (LCA); and insufficient legal assistance, advisory assistance, subsidies and funding for innovative projects. Potential ways of improving performance and competitiveness of microalgae-based systems include: process optimization techniques, genetic engineering, yield improvement through advanced process control and monitoring, use of waste as feedstock and dedicated support programs. The presented summary of the current stage of microalgal biofuel production technology development indicates the directions for further research and implementation work, which are necessary for the final verification of the application potential of these solutions.
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Mohammad Nurizat Rahman and Nor Fadzilah Binti Othman. "A Numerical Model for Ash Deposition Based on Actual Operating Conditions of a 700 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant: Validation Feedback Loop via Structural Similarity Indexes (SSIMs)." CFD Letters 14, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.1.99111.
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The combustion of coals will result in significant ash-related issues, which will ultimately lead to the efficiency loss of coal-fired utility boilers. While there have been numerous attempts to predict ash deposition dynamics using numerical approaches, the majority of these models were constructed using experimental data from pilot-scale furnaces and without integration with combustion models. Therefore, the current study collects meaningful power plant data from ash sampling activities at one of Malaysia's 700 MW sub-critical coal-fired power plants, enabling the ash deposition behavior in a real coal-fired utility boiler to be adequately captured and converted into a reliable ash deposition numerical model. The validation feedback loop of the ash deposition model was run using in-situ measurement data (ash sampling picture) and the actual power plant operating conditions during the ash sampling activities. The image processing algorithm was used to determine the degree of similarity between the actual ash sampling image and the predicted ash deposition image from the numerical model. Prior to the validation feedback loop, the overall numerical model (solver, combustion, turbulence, radiation) was successfully validated with the FEGT from the actual power plant, revealing a difference of less than 5 %. The current study found that the baseline ash deposition model (created from experimental data) underestimates the quantity of ash deposition gathered. The validation feedback loop of the baseline ash deposition model successfully established a new set of impaction efficiency constants, which increased the similarity of the images between the actual and predicted ash depositions. The current study's drawback, however, is mostly in the validation basis, which is largely qualitative in nature. Although the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) value is useful for comparing the similarity of images between actual and predicted ash depositions, a more quantitative measurement that can provide extra meaningful data points and higher accuracy on the deposited ash is preferable. However, based on this modified version of the ash deposition model, the agreement is found to be satisfactory in terms of gaining a rudimentary insight of the ash deposition behavior in a coal-fired boiler.
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Zhang, Weipeng, Ke Wang, and Chang Chen. "Artificial Neural Network Assisted Multiobjective Optimization of Postharvest Blanching and Drying of Blueberries." Foods 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213347.
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This study aimed to optimize the postharvest blanching and drying process of blueberries using high-humidity air impingement (HHAIB) and hot-air-assisted infrared (HAIR) heating. A novel pilot-scale hot-air-assisted carbon-fiber infrared (IR) blanching/drying system was developed. Fresh blueberries with an average diameter of 10~15 mm were first blanched with high-humidity air at 110 °C and 12 m/s velocity for different durations (30, 60, 90, and 120 s); subsequently, the preblanched blueberries were dried at different IR heating temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C) and air velocities (0.01, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 m/s), following a factorial design. The drying time (DT), specific energy consumption (SEC), ascorbic acid content (VC), and rehydration capacity (RC) were determined as response variables. A three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) model with a backpropagation algorithm was constructed to simulate the influence of blanching time, IR heating temperature, and air velocity on the four response variables by training on the experimental data. Objective functions for DT, SEC, VC, and RC that were developed by the ANN model were used for the simultaneous minimization of DT and SEC and maximization of VC and RC using a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II) to find the Pareto-optimal solutions. The optimal conditions were found to be 93 s of blanching, 89 °C IR heating, and a 1.2 m/s air velocity, which resulted in a drying time of 366.7 min, an SEC of 1.43 MJ/kg, a VC of 4.19 mg/100g, and an RC of 3.35. The predicted values from the ANN model agreed well with the experimental data under optimized conditions, with a low relative deviation value of 1.43–3.08%. The findings from this study provide guidance to improve the processing efficiency, product quality, and sustainability of blueberry postharvest processes. The ANN-assisted optimization approach developed in this study also sets a foundation for the smart control of processing systems of blueberries and similar commodities.
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de Andrade Lima, L. R. P. "Nonlinear data reconciliation in gold processing plants." Minerals Engineering 19, no. 9 (July 2006): 938–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.10.018.
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Gadzhiev, Sh A., L. M. Delitsyn, R. V. Kulumbegov, O. S. Popel, M. G. Sulman, K. S. Petropavlovsky, and S. S. Firsov. "Pilot Plant for the Processing of Ash from Coal-steam Power Plants." Ecology and Industry of Russia 26, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-12-4-9.
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The scientific research was devoted to the scaling of laboratory parameters of pilot tests. The choice of initial conditions for materials and reagents was considered from the point of view of practical implementation. The results of pilot runs of three target products (carbon concentrate, aluminosilicate product, and magnetic concentrate from the ash of a coal-steam plant) were presented. The article presents a twostage scheme of scavenger flotation to obtain a carbon-bearing concentrate of the required quality. The absence of technological barriers for the industrial implementation of the presented know-how was experimentally confirmed.
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Nikitin, A. G., Yu A. Epifantsev, K. S. Medvedeva, P. B. Gerike, and A. R. Fastykovskii. "Experimental study of fractional composition of pieces of brittle material during crushing in a single-roll crusher with block stop on the roll." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 7 (October 5, 2020): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-7-554-559.
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Processing of bulk materials used in metallurgical industry to obtain necessary grades of size requires application of crushing machines, including a single-roll type. Indicators of crushing process are degree and efficiency of crushing. Degree of crushing is estimated by the ratio of size of initial crushed and resulting pieces, which depends on size of the gap between a roll and a fixed jaw. The Siberian State Industrial University has patented, designed and manufactured a pilot unit, which is a single-roll crusher with block stop on the roll to study crushing process. A series of experiments on different samples (in shape, size and strength) crushing was carried out on the developed unit. Technique of the experiment and the design of a single-roll crusher with block stop on the roll were described. Results of destruction of the samples of isotropic material made of sand-cement mixture of regular (spherical) shape are presented. Samples from isotropic material allow comparison of analytical conclusions of determining position of the plane of action of maximum tangential stresses with experimental data. Samples of anisotropic material (for example, ferroalloy) were also destroyed. It was experimentally determined that the larger is clearance between the roll and the fixed jaw, the larger is the size of fraction of finished product and over-grinding is less than after crushing the same piece with a smaller clearance. The degree of crushing in a single-roll crusher with block stop on the roll cannot be equal to 4 or more. It was proved that destruction of isotropic materials occurs along the plane of action of maximum tangential stresses. Anisotropic materials are destroyed, depending on size of clearance between a roll and a jaw, both on the plane of action of the maximum tangential stresses and on the planes of least resistance.
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Bagniewska, Anna, Dennis Black, Kjeld Molvig, Cary Fox, Christine Ireland, Jacqueline Smith, and Stephen Hulley. "Data quality in a distributed data processing system: The SHEP pilot study." Controlled Clinical Trials 7, no. 1 (March 1986): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90005-x.
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Wiśniewska, Marta, Andrzej Kulig, and Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. "Effect of meteorological conditions on odour emission at biogas plants processing municipal waste – pilot research." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600098.
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Biogas plants processing municipal waste on the one hand represent a trend in waste management, and on the other hand constitute an alternative energy source. Next to their unquestionable benefits, due to the character of the provided activity, they can be a potential source of odours. Municipal waste, largely containing biodegradable fractions, is often subject to decomposition processes in uncontrolled conditions still before it is supplied to the mechanical biological treatment plant. One of the effects of the processes, both controlled and uncontrolled conditions, is emission of odorants. Their spread depends on the applied technologies and adherence to the technological regime during operation. One of the factors determining the types and concentrations of emitted odorants are also meteorological conditions in which waste is stored and processed. The paper presents results of two series of pilot research conducted at four plants, involving a preliminary analysis of the effect of meteorological conditions on the emission of odorants at biogas plants processing municipal waste.
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Gibbeson, J. M. "PETROLEUM PROCESSING PLANTS—TECHNICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02048.
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On behalf of itself and BHP-B, Esso operates offshore production platforms in Bass Strait, a crude stabilisation and gas processing plant at Longford and a LPG fractionation plant at Long Island Point, Victoria. The Technical Surveillance Program for these facilities is implemented at both the Operator and Engineering levels. The program has been enhanced by building on existing DCS process control and process information (PI) systems and through development of a more structured engineering monitoring system. The enhanced program continues to register tangible benefits in integrity, product quality, recovery, efficiency and reliability and capacity.At the operator level, the process is monitored continuously, assisted by process alarms to maintain the plant within the normal desirable operating zone. Safe operating limits define the outside boundary of the safe operating envelope which is secured with shutdown and other automatic protective devices. Alarm and limit conditions associated with these parameters have been incorporated into the DCS control system with pre-defined operator responses appearing automatically on the screen if the condition is reached.At the engineering level, the surveillance program is a systematic periodic monitoring process focussing on optimum performance and continuous improvement. It is structured using the elements of a management system. Within this framework, engineering spreadsheets have been developed with direct links to process data via process information system software. The spreadsheets assist plant engineers to efficiently monitor the key performance variables; they also pre-define the acceptable operating range, calculate statistical performance, highlight deviations and hyperlink back to the PI system for more detailed troubleshooting. Day-today deviations and performance improvements are fed back and reviewed at the working level, more significant issues are formally investigated and reviewed with management. Key data and overall performance is summarised monthly, and formally reviewed by plant and engineering management.
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Hrusha, Volodymyr. "Intelligent Processing of Data From Chlorophyll Fluorometric Sensors." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.22.1.5.
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Introduction. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) is a monitoring method of plant objects. CFI is a radiation of chlorophyll in red spectrum during a chlorophyll lighting of alive plant in blue spectrum. Chlorophyll fluorometers – the special devices that are used for measurement of CFI. Series of such devices were developed in V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine. In particular, fluorometer «Floratest» and a network of wireless sensors were developed for CFI measurement. An accumulation of massive amount of measurements resulted into possibility to use intellectual methods like neural networks. The purpose of the paper is to research the possibilities of machine learning methods (neural networks, support vector machine (SVM), XGBoost algorithm) for analysis of CFI curves that were measured by means of sensors developed in V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine. Results. Neural networks, SVM, XGboost ensure early detection of influence of stress factors on state of plants before appearance of external symptoms on plants that was showed on basis of data received during experiments with treatment of plants by herbicide. Analogically there was showed the possibility of using the machine learning methods for determination of soil humidity. The better methods for given tasks were determined. The study of possibilities to enhance the results of mentioned methods by means of normalization was conducted. The best results were demonstrated by z-score normalization and by minimax normalization to the range [-1;1]. Conclusions. The application of different machine learning algorithm for processing CFI curves demonstrated that SVM and XGBoost better suit for task of classification plants treated by means of herbicide. Neural network demonstrated worst results. The application mentioned methods for task of determination of artificial watering necessity demonstrated that neural network shows better result, SVM shows worse result and XGBoost shows worst result. Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence induction, neural network, support vector machine, algorithm XGBoost.
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Ding, Jinliang, Cuie Yang, and Tianyou Chai. "Recent Progress on Data-Based Optimization for Mineral Processing Plants." Engineering 3, no. 2 (April 2017): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2017.02.015.
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Chanying, Qi, and Li Yuchao. "Research of UAV Controller-pilot Data Link Real-time Processing Technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1883, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1883/1/012176.
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Ohgai, T., Y. Oguchi, K. Ohno, T. Kamei, Y. Magara, and M. Itoh. "Development of evaluation methods to introduce a nanofiltration membrane process in drinking water treatment." Water Supply 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.042.
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The objective of this study was to develop a new prediction method for evaluating performance of full-scale nanofiltration (NF) pilot plant by using small-scale pilot plants. Operating experiments using both multistage array pilot plant and two small-scale pilot plants in parallel had been conducted for about a year. From this experiment, it was revealed that data obtained from small-scale pilot plants could predict the performance of multistage pilot plant from the viewpoint of flux and rejection. In other words, both permeate water quantity of multistage pilot plant without noticeable fouling caused by aluminium from coagulant and permeate water quality of multistage pilot plant could be estimated.
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O'Hara, Denise, William Hart, Maureen Robinson, Baz Jarocki, and Ian McDonald. "Linking Mortality Data with Hospital Morbidity Data — A Pilot Study." Health Information Management 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839602500406.
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Record linkage is becoming an increasingly important technique in monitoring health outcomes. In this study we sought to examine the feasibility of linking mortality data held by the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages with the Patient Master Index (PMI) at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, in order to document deaths soon after hospital discharge. Linkage was carried out using demographic details. Registry data required extensive editing and formatting prior to being matched with the PMI. 86.2% of cases identified by the computer algorithm were actual cases. Mortality data are an important source of information on health outcome but a process is needed to make them more usable. We have described one such method and suggested where the process could have been streamlined. The use of unique identifiers would have facilitated the matching process, curtailing several processing steps.
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Lettini, Antonia Anna, Lisa Barco, Marzia Mancin, Elena Ramon, Alessandra Longo, Maria Cristina Dalla Pozza, Marco Ruffa, Rosaria Lucchini, and Antonia Ricci. "A Pilot Study for Identification of Salmonella in Food Processing Plants by Real-Time PCR Screening." Food Analytical Methods 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2011): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9352-8.
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Chee, Kok Pol, Kok Poh Wai, Chai Hoon Koo, and Woon Chan Chong. "Performance Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Pilot Plants using ROSA Simulation Software." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186505022.
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Desalination allows the use of non-conventional water sources such as seawater for the production of potable water. The performance of three pilot plants in Mallard Slough, namely RO1, RO2 and NF3 were investigated. Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA), a simulation software was adopted for verifying the performance of the existing pilot plants in treating seawater. By inserting the specific system configuration and selecting the membrane specification of the pilot plants, ROSA would help to generate the operating parameters such as feed pressure, flux, recovery ratio, permeate quality of the plants. These results were subsequently being used to compare with the experimental data of the pilot plants to determine their absolute deviations. It was found that all ROSA simulated feed pressures for RO1, RO2 and NF3 fell in the range of operational feed pressures of the existing pilot plants. Besides, the deviation of total dissolved solutes removal between the results simulated by the ROSA software and the results obtained from the experiments were noticeably insignificant. In terms of flux and recovery ratio, the simulated results and the experimental data showed a marginal discrepancy with deviations < 2% and < 8% for RO1 and NF3, respectively. In conclusion, the findings of this study confirmed the feasibility of adopting this ROSA software to verify the performance of a pilot plant with all operational parameters being ideally optimized.
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Hryshchenko, Yurii, Maksym Zaliskyi, Svitlana Pavlova, Oleksandr Solomentsev, and Tatiana Fursenko. "Data Processing in the Pilot Training Process on the Integrated Aircraft Simulator." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2021-0008.
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Abstract Flight safety is an integral part of air transportation. Flight accidents are highly unlikely to appear but most of them are caused by the human factor. The aircrew training system for abnormal operations relies on integrated aircraft simulator-based exercises. Crew needs to be trained not to degrade piloting technique quality when facing increased psychophysiological tension. Therefore, methods evaluating the characteristics of ergatic aircraft control systems, warning systems for deterioration due to failures in avionics systems, piloting technique quality, and abnormal operation algorithms are necessary. An analysis of the bank angle has revealed that there are hidden increased tension manifestations in the human operator expressed in the transition of the flight parameter variation from a stationary random process to deterministic fluctuations in the form of a sinusoid. The goal of the research is to increase the efficiency of pilots’ training using integrated aircraft simulators based on the design and implementation of statistical data processing algorithms. To achieve the goal of the research, two algorithms for detecting deterministic fluctuations based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion and the optimal Bayesian criterion are developed. The presented algorithms can be used in the integrated simulator software to automate the decision-making process on piloting quality.
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Bergeron, Francois, and Benoit Boyer. "Conditions of Use of Data-processing Charge-back Systems: A Pilot Study." Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 3, no. 2 (April 8, 2009): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.1986.tb00429.x.
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Banerjee, A., M. Lambertson, J. Lozier, and C. Colvin. "Monitoring membrane integrity using high sensitivity laser turbidimetry." Water Supply 1, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2001): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0123.
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Membrane filtration plants for drinking water typically use pressure decay testing in conjunction with particle counting and turbidity to monitor membrane integrity. Pilot plants offer the capability of monitoring permeate quality with both intact and intentionally compromised membranes. We compare data from a particle counter, a pressure decay test and a laser turbidimeter on pilot plants from two different manufacturers of microfiltration membranes.
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Dasgupta, Siddhartha, Steven Mims, and Richard Onders. "THE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF SMALL-SCALE FISH PROCESSING PLANTS USING PADDLEFISH PROCESSING DATA FROM KENTUCKY." Aquaculture Economics & Management 12, no. 1 (January 2008): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657300801959621.
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Isagulov, A. Z., Sv S. Kvon, and V. Yu Kulikov. "Improving wear resistance of elements of mining and processing equipment." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-609-613.
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Improving wear resistance of elements of mining and processing equipment, subjected to abrasion and shock loads, is an actual task, since it determines effectiveness of mining operations to a great extent. Results of industrial tests of two kinds of mining and processing equipment details, manufactured of pilot wear-resistant alloys, presented. Two sidepieces plates for jaw crushers were manufactured of steel based on 30Х3МФ grade and additionally alloyed by niobium (up to 0.15%) as a strong carbide-forming element. As a comparing sample, steel 30Х3МФ without additional alloying was used. The second kind of details to test – sprockets, used as grinding bodies in the crushers for medium ore crushing. The sprockets were casted of chromic iron with increased nickel content (up to 3.5%) to increase the shock ductility, vanadium and titanium content (together up to 1.5%) – to form carbides of MeC type at decreased chrome content (down to 16%). As the comparing sample sprockets ware used, casted of ИХЧ28 grade iron, which is used for these purposes at present. The tests were accomplished at the operating equipment during medium crushing and grinding of “Bogach” deposit ore. The test cycles corresponded to the accepted at the plants crushing cycles – 18 h. The tests were duplicated 2 times. After tests completion the percent of wear of pilot samples was evaluated. The wear was evaluated by relative mass change. The results obtained showed, that the pilot samples have higher wear resistance approximately by 30%.
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Baidya, Rahul, Sadhan Kumar Ghosh, and Ulhas V. Parlikar. "Blast furnace flue dust co-processing in cement kiln – A pilot study." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18816791.
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An integrated steel plant generates a large amount of blast furnace flue dust – about 18–22 kg/t of hot metal – as a by-product of the production process. The major component of this flue dust is iron oxides and coke fines. The recovery and reuse of this iron and coke is very important with increasing price of conventional resources. Cement plants on the other hand are looking for alternative fuel and raw materials as a substitution to the traditional fuel and raw materials, thus co-processing of the flue dust is a solution for both the industries. The study gauges the potential of flue dust utilization in a cement plant in India, using an experimental trial of one month and also analyses the techno-economic feasibility of the co-processing route. Since flue dust contains iron which is a limiting constituent in the limestone deposit of this plant, feasibility of reducing the iron content in the flue dust was evaluated through the magnetic separation route. The objective was to utilize maximum quantum of flue dust with acceptable iron content and high energy content. It was observed that the magnetic separation does not effectively segregate the iron present in the flue dust and neither increases the energy content. The cost analysis of the usage of flue dust also revealed that flue dust can be used effectively by the cement industry if its cost ranges in an acceptable range of USD 35–39 (approximately).
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Katser, Iurii D., Vyacheslav O. Kozitsin, Ivan V. Maksimov, Denis A. Larionov, and Konstantin I. Kotsoev. "Data pre-processing methods for NPP equipment diagnostics algorithms: an overview." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.63675.
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The main tasks of diagnostics at nuclear power plants are detection, localization, diagnosis, and prognosis of the development of malfunctions. Analytical algorithms of varying degrees of complexity are used to solve these tasks. Many of these algorithms require pre-processed input data for high-quality and efficient operation. The pre-processing stage can help to reduce the volume of the analyzed data, generate additional informative diagnostic features, find complex dependencies and hidden patterns, discard uninformative source signals and remove noise. Finally, it can produce an improvement in detection, localization and prognosis quality. This overview briefly describes the data collected at nuclear power plants and provides methods for their preliminary processing. The pre-processing techniques are systematized according to the tasks performed. Their advantages and disadvantages are presented and the requirements for the initial raw data are considered. The references include both fundamental scientific works and applied industrial research on the methods applied. The paper also indicates the mechanisms for applying the methods of signal pre-processing in real-time. The overview of the data pre-processing methods in application to nuclear power plants is obtained, their classification and characteristics are given, and the comparative analysis of the methods is presented.
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Ménoret, C., C. Boutin, A. Liénard, and F. Brissaud. "Use of recycling through medium size granular filters to treat small food processing industry effluents." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0430.
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Currently there are no suitable wastewater treatment systems for effluents from small food processing industries (dairy, cheese, wine production). Such raw sewages are characterized by high organic matter concentrations (about 10 g COD L−1) and relatively low daily volumes (about 2 m3). An adaptation of attached-growth cultures on fine media processes, known to be easy and inexpensive to use, could fit both the technical and economical context of those industries. Coarser filter particle size distributions than those normally used allow a better aeration and reduce clogging risk. The transit time of the effluent through the porous filter materials is shortened and requires recycling to increase the contact time between the biomass and the substrate. A pilot plant was built to compare the efficiency of two kinds of filter materials, gravel (2-5 mm) and pozzolana (3-7 mm). Two measurement campaigns were undertaken on a full-scale unit dealing with cheese dairy effluents. Both pilot-scale and full-scale plants show high COD removal rates (>95%). Pilot-scale experiments show that accumulation of organic matter leads to the clogging of the recycling filter. To prevent early clogging, a better definition of feeding cycles is needed.
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Thürlimann, Christian M., David J. Dürrenmatt, and Kris Villez. "Energy and process data processing and visualisation for optimising wastewater treatment plants." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.002.
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For complex systems such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), effective data communication is an important step to enable operators to assess their plant. However, examples in practice show that this step is insufficiently considered. In this article, we describe a fast, relevant, and intuitive decision-support tool for operators. We have developed a key performance indicator (KPI) visualisation tool for energy and process data embedded in a larger process optimisation software. The KPI set consists of indicator values relating to energy and effluent quality. In order to ensure that the visualisation tool will be used and cover the needs of the plant staff, we developed this part of the software in collaboration with two WWTPs. At the time of writing, the tool is used in the daily operation of both plants. The operators see the tool's most important advantages as its ability to quickly assess current plant performance and to simplify the tracking and analysis of inter- and intra-process relationships and dynamics.
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Melcer, H., J. Bell, and D. Thompson. "Predicting the Fate of Volatile Organic Compounds in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1992): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0517.
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Pilot plant and full scale investigations were carried out to determine the fate of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in activated sludge aeration basins. Treatability parameters for each VOC were estimated from these investigations and used to calibrate TOXCHEM, computer-based steady state and dynamic models developed to predict the fate of VOCs in municipal activated sludge systems. The pilot plant was fed with wastewater from two different municipal sources. It was operated in parallel with a municipal treatment plant and was found to adequately simulate the performance of the full scale plant. Data suggest that the current models, calibrated with pilot plant data, may produce useful predictions of the fate of VOCs in full scale plants.
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Elisante, Emrod. "Development of Pilot Plant for Bio-Ethanol Processing." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 33, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v33i1.449.
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The paper outlines achievements obtained in developing a pilot bio-ethanol plant at the Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering (CME), University of Dar es Salaam. The pilot plant consists of: 30 L inoculums tank; 1,700 L fermenter; 1,500 L/day distillation column; and ancillary equipment. The prototype is a platform intended to be used for technology demonstration and research by graduate and undergraduate students studying the production of bio-ethanol using traditional and non-traditional raw materials like coffee mash, cashew fruit, and sisal inulin. The equipment has been developed using locally available engineering resources and the distillation column with 18 sieve tray measures 0.5m diameter 7 m high operates at atmospheric pressure. The condenser is cooled by 15 o C chilled water from utility lines and the reboiler is powered by 63 kW boiler installed at CME. Although the system includes biological, chemical and mechanical engineering details, only the important design issues are presented. A MATLAB code was developed forestimating the number of theoretical plates using the Mc Cabe-Thiele method. The water- ethanol vapour liquid equilibrium VLE data was obtained using relative volatilities estimated by Antoine equations for vapour pressure. The process design was done using various simulation packages and custom programs like Microsoft Excel for mass balance,Microsoft Visio for process and instrumentation (P&I) diagram AutoCAD software for mechanical engineering drawings. After performing hydraulic leak tests, the prototype was tested using blackstrap molasses 80 o brix which was prepared for fermentation using ilution and inoculums formulations developed in Microsoft Excel for water dilution, yeastand nutrients like (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4, KH 2 PO 4, MgCl 2. A batch mash boiling test conducted on the column showed that the response of tray temperatures exhibited first-order delay behavior with an average lag of 17 minutes and a delay of 50 -65 minutes depending on tray distance from the reboiler. Due to lack of feedback control equipment specifically on-linecomposition analyzers and suitable actuators, continuous control of ethanol composition could not be undertaken. It is planned to procure pertinent control hardware during the next phase of the project. However the batch test gave initial ethanol purity of 80% which decreased as the ethanol content in the still was continuously depleted.