Journal articles: 'Pile FRP'

1

Pando, Miguel, George Filz, Carl Ealy, and Edward Hoppe. "Axial and Lateral Load Performance of Two Composite Piles and One Prestressed Concrete Pile." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, no. 1 (January 2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-08.

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Composite piles use fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), plastics, and other materials to replace or protect steel or concrete, with the intent being to produce piles that have lower maintenance costs and longer service lives than those of conventional piles, especially in marine applications and other corrosive environments. Well-documented field loading tests of composite piles are scarce, and this lack of a reliable database may be one reason that composite piles are not in widespread use for load-bearing applications. The purpose of this research is to compare the axial and lateral load behavior of two different types of composite test piles and a conventional prestressed concrete test pile at a bridge construction site in Hampton, Virginia. One of the composite piles is an FRP shell filled with concrete and reinforced with steel bars. The other composite pile consists of a polyethylene plastic matrix surrounding a steel reinforcing cage. The axial structural stiffnesses of the prestressed concrete pile and the FRP pile are similar, and they are both much stiffer than the plastic pile. The flexurel stiffness of the prestressed concrete pile is greater than that of the FRP pile, which is greater than the flexural stiffness of the plastic pile. The axial geotechnical capacities of the test piles decreased in order from the prestressed concrete pile to the FRP pile to the plastic pile. The prestressed concrete pile and the FRP pile exhibited a similar response for lateral load versus deflection, and the plastic pile was much less stiff in lateral loading.

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2

Wang, Zhe, Shuwei Wu, Kaiwen Weng, Wangjing Yao, Sifa Xu, and Zhouxiang Ding. "Vertical and Lateral Bearing Capacity of FRP Composite Sheet Piles in Soft Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 8, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8957893.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite sheet piles are usually favored for slope and river-retaining structures due to their construction and environmental efficiency. Their applications, however, have been hindered by the lack of understanding of the bearing capacity. This paper studies the vertical and lateral bearing capacity of FRP composite sheet piles through three full-scale tests conducted in Haiyan, a soft soil site in the Yangtze River Delta of China. In the three tests, we measured the vertical bearing capacity of the FRP composite sheet piles, the bearing capacity of the composite foundation, and the lateral capacity of the FRP composite sheet piles, respectively. The test results show that the Q-S (load on the top of the pile versus settlement) curve of the FRP composite sheet piles exhibits a steep fall while that of the composite foundation is relatively flat. Moreover, the ultimate bearing capacity of the FRP composite sheet piles is measured to reach 23.8 kN while that of the composite foundation increases by 47.1 %, reaching 35.0 kN. It shows that the FRP composite sheet piles under the composite foundation have a favorable bearing performance. Finally, the final horizontal displacement of the FRP composite sheet pile in the reinforced area with anchoring the sheet pile is smaller than the final horizontal displacement in the nonreinforced area, indicating that the horizontal bearing capacity can be significantly improved by anchoring the sheet pile.

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Sakr, Mohammed, M. Hesham El Naggar, and Moncef Nehdi. "Novel toe driving for thin-walled piles and performance of fiberglass-reinforced polymer (FRP) pile segments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-089.

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Despite the rapidly growing use of pile foundations, it is presently difficult to assure the integrity and uniformity of the cross-sectional area of cast-in-place piles when using normal concrete. Cavities and soil encroachments leading to soil pockets can jeopardize their load-bearing capacity. Moreover, corrosion in reinforced concrete and steel shell piles has been very costly, exceeding US$2 billion in annual repair costs in the United States alone. To address these two challenges, extensive research has been underway at the University of Western Ontario to develop novel technology for the construction of piles. Self-consolidating concrete (SCC), a material that flows under gravity and assures the integrity of piles, is cast into fiberglass-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes that provide corrosion-resistant reinforcement. A toe driving technique was developed to install the empty FRP shells into the soil, and SCC is subsequently cast into the shells. Driving tests using this new technique were carried out on large-scale model FRP and steel pipe piles installed in dense dry sand enclosed in a pressure chamber. FRPSCC and steel closed-end piles were also driven using conventional piling at the pile head. Static load tests were conducted on the various pile specimens under different vertical and horizontal confining pressures. The pile specimens were instrumented to investigate their dynamic behaviour under driving and their response to static compressive, uplift, and lateral loading. It is shown that the toe driving technique is very suitable for installing FRP piles in dense soils. Results from the driving tests and static load test indicate that FRPSCC hybrid piles are a very competitive and attractive option for the deep foundations industry.Key words: FRP, self-consolidating concrete, piles, pile drivability, toe driving, axial load, uplift load, lateral load, large-scale modeling, shaft resistance, dense sand.

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Park, Joon Seok, Seong Sik Lee, Jeong Hun Nam, In Kyu Kang, Dong Jun An, and Soon Jong Yoon. "Load Carrying Capacity of Hybrid FRP-Concrete Composite Pile." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1165.

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In the study, in order to enhance the durability and constructability of the pile foundation, hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile is developed and its applicability considering construction is discussed. Existing FRP-concrete composite pile is consisted of concrete pile and filament winding FRP wound outside of the pile. To improve the axial and transverse load carrying capacities longitudinal reinforcement is also needed additionally, and hence a new type hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) is suggested. A new type HCFFT which is composed of pultruded FRP, filament winding FRP, and concrete filled inside of the FRP tube is proposed to improve compressive strength as well as flexural strength of the HCFFT pile. The load carrying capacity of proposed HCFFT pile is evaluated and discussed based on the result of experimental and theoretical investigations.

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Sakr, Mohammed, M. Hesham El Naggar, and Moncef Nehdi. "Load transfer of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite tapered piles in dense sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-067.

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This paper describes an experimental study conducted using a large, laboratory-scale testing facility to test pile segments at different stress levels. The objectives of the study were twofold: to examine the load-transfer mechanism of tapered piles in compression, and to evaluate the effect of pile material on pile performance characteristics. The results of axial compressive loading tests on 26 pile load tests were presented using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete composite tapered piles and steel piles. Two installation techniques were used, including conventional head driving and toe driving using a new technique. Piles were tested at different confining pressures to represent a pile segment at depths of 4.0 and 8.0 m. The load distribution along the pile shafts was measured and the results were compared with those from an analytical solution in terms of the taper coefficient Kt. The comparison showed reasonable agreement between Kt values established from the experiments and those obtained from the analytical solution. The measured toe resistance of tapered and cylindrical piles was compared with those from the analytical solution. A simple rational approach was proposed for the design of tapered piles.Key words: tapered piles, FRP, pile capacity, axial performance, centrifuge modeling, shaft resistance, toe resistance.

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El Sharnouby, M. M., and M. H. El Naggar. "Field investigation of lateral monotonic and cyclic performance of reinforced helical pulldown micropiles." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 10 (October 2018): 1405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0330.

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Different forms of grouted helical piles are increasingly used to support new and existing foundations. In particular, different methods are used to enhance the lateral and cyclic performance of helical piles for applications in seismic regions. This paper presents a field study on the lateral monotonic and cyclic behaviour of steel fibre–reinforced helical pulldown micropiles (RHPM) and fibre-reinforced polymer – steel fibre–reinforced helical pulldown micropiles (FRP–RHPM). The study shows that the grout shaft and (or) the fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) sleeve significantly improve the helical pile lateral performance. In addition, the piles showed a significant ductility (no observed failure up to 75 mm displacement or 50% of pile diameter). Two-way cyclic loading resulted in overall degradation in pile response relative to its static performance. Degradation is found to stem from the formation of gaps between the pile and soil, rather than soil stiffness degradation. Formation of gaps leads to the piles having a “preferential direction” with one side providing higher resistance (i.e., stiffness) than the other side. Design charts of various pile configurations are presented.

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7

Han, Jie, J. David Frost, and Vicki L. Brown. "Design of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Piles Under Vertical and Lateral Loads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1849, no. 1 (January 2003): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1849-09.

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Conventional pile materials, such as steel, concrete, and wood, can encounter serious corrosion problems in industrial and marine environments. Deterioration of steel, concrete, and wood piling systems has cost the military and civilian marine and waterfront civil engineering communities billions of dollars to repair and replace. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have desirable properties for extreme environments because they are noncorrosive, nonconductive, and lightweight. Different types of FRP composite piles are currently under research investigation, and some have been introduced to the marketplace. FRP composites have been used as internal reinforcement in concrete piles; as external shells for steel, concrete, and timber piles; and as structural piles such as FRP pipe piles, reinforced plastic piles, and plastic fender piles. The different ways of constituting FRP composite piles result in different behavioral effects. Because FRP structural piles have anisotropic properties, low section stiffness, and high ratios of elastic to shear modulus, they have different behavior in load-displacement relations under vertical and lateral loads. Current design methods for conventional piles were examined to determine the validity for FRP composite piles, and some new design methods specific to FRP structural piles were developed from research work conducted by the authors.

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Lu, Yi, Hossam Abuel-Naga, Hussein A. Shaia, and Zhi Shang. "Preliminary Study on the Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Piles in Sandy Soils." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081144.

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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is a type of composite material used to provide resistance to corrosion when incorporated into piles. However, there is a gap in knowledge in terms of the behaviour of FRP piles under axial or lateral loading in soils. Thus, the aim of this experimental study is to assess the factors that influence the behaviour of FRPs under axial and lateral load in sandy soil. CFRP (carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer) and GFRP (glass-fibre-reinforced polymer) piles were tested in this experiment based on a special pressure chamber. The results show that the surface roughness (Rt), confined pressure (σc), and relative density (Dr) determined the shearing resistance of the soils and subsequently affected the bearing capacity of the FRP piles under an axial load. The flexural stiffness of the FRP piles was determined by the FRP type, pile dimeter, and aging in the environment, which were affected under the lateral load. In addition, an alkaline environment was more aggressive to the FRP piles than those aged in an acidic environment. The numerical modelling results show that the sand types, in terms of the dilation angle and Young’s modulus, also had a great influence on the behaviour. This feature should be considered more carefully in future studies.

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Prakash Arul Jose, J., P. Rajesh Prasanna, and Fleming Prakash. "Technical performance of basalt fiber reinforced polymer BFRP confined RC driven piles new construction methodology." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 4, 2018): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12628.

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Pile foundations are often necessary to support large structures when the surface soil conditions are not strong enough to support the structure with shallow foundations. Pile foundation can be founded in dense sand layers at deeper, and also provide additional frictional support along their length to resist vertical loads. Load carrying capacity of Basalt FRP confined and unconfined piles were found out using the dynamic formulae and pile load test. Safe load carrying capacity of piles determined from piles load test was slightly higher than the dynamic formulae. The experimental result also shows that surface roughness of specimen is significantly changes the interface friction angle. The shear strength at the interface increases with the increase in surface roughness of the specimens.

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Seo, Jae Hun, Jin Uk Cheon, Kwang Yeoul Shin, Sun Hee Kim, and Soon Jong Yoon. "Flexural Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Concrete Filled Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic (FRP) Tube Connection." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.347.

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In the construction industries, in order to compensate material disadvantages of existing construction material (concrete, steel, wood, etc.) and satisfy requirements of the structural performance, research on durable and outstanding corrosion resistant fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) is actively underway. In general, a pile cannot be produced with unlimited lengths because of the size of the manufacturing machine and transportation to construction site. Therefore, the connection of pile and structural integrity of connection should be considered in the pile design. In this paper, hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) was investigated by focusing on the connection of HCFFT members. The connection capacity of HCFFT was evaluated by the experiment and the finite element analysis. From the results appropriate connection method of HCFFT is discussed.

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11

Pantelides, Chris P., Janos Gergely, and Lawrence D. Reaveley. "In-Situ Verification of Rehabilitation and Repair of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Bents under Simulated Seismic Loads." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 3 (August 2001): 507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586186.

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Three in-situ tests were performed on two bents of a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge under quasi-static cyclic loads. The bridge was built in 1963 and did not possess the necessary reinforcement details for ductile performance. The tests included an as-built bent, a bent rehabilitated with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite jackets, and a damaged bent repaired with epoxy injection and carbon FRP composite jackets. Two new concepts of strengthening bridge bents with FRP composites were implemented in this study. The first involves shear strengthening and confinement of a beam cap-column joint through an FRP composite “ankle-wrap.” The second is an FRP composite “U-strap” to improve the anchorage of column longitudinal steel reinforcement extending into the joint. FRP composite jackets were also implemented in the columns and beam cap. An additional rehabilitation measure was that of anchorage of the piles to the pile cap using epoxied high strength steel bars. The performance of the bent in the as-built condition and that of the rehabilitated and repaired bents is described in terms of strength, stiffness, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation.

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12

Aksoy, Huseyin Suha, Nichirvan Ramadhan Taher, Aykut Ozpolat, Mesut Gör, and Omer Muhammad Edan. "An Experimental Study on Estimation of the Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient (K) from Shaft Friction Resistance of Model Piles under Axial Load." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2023): 9355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169355.

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Estimating a pile shaft’s frictional capacity is challenging and has been a controversial subject among researchers. In this study, the shaft friction resistance of non-displacement (pre-installed) model piles under axial load was investigated. Four different model piles were used, including steel, timber, and two composite piles (FRP and PVC filled with concrete). The angle of interface friction (δ) between test sand, and pile materials was determined using an interface shear test (IST) at four relative densities. Axial pile load experiments were implemented in a soil tank and piles were embedded into loose to very dense sand. Model pile load tests were performed in such a way that there was no end (point) bearing capacity (only friction was generated), and lateral friction resistance between the pile material and the soil along the pile shaft formed the complete bearing capacity of the model pile. According to experimental results, it was observed that, with increasing sand relative density and surface roughness of the pile material, the shaft friction resistance of the model pile increases. A back-calculation analysis was also performed to find the values of lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) using Burland’s (1973) equation with the help of measured shaft friction capacity of the model pile load test. By performing multivariate regression analysis, an equation was obtained between the back-calculated lateral earth pressure coefficient (K) and other parameters. The obtained equation was used to calculate the K values given in other studies in the literature. It was determined that the obtained equation was in good agreement with the data in other studies. This equation can be beneficial in practice and can be advantageous for further study in the future.

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13

Wang, Zheng-zhen, Wei-ming Gong, Guo-liang Dai, and Ling-feng Liu. "Analysis of Bond Behavior of FRP-Confined Concrete Piles Based on Push-Out Test." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (February 26, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3186832.

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Due to the significant differences in the properties (e.g., anisotropy, elasticity modulus, and surface roughness) of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) and traditional pile materials, research on bond behavior between FRP tube and concrete should be conducted to ensure that they can work together properly. Push-out tests on twenty-nine GFRP-confined concrete piles were performed, the influence of bond type, slenderness ratio of FRP tube, radius-thickness ratio of FRP tube, concrete stress and concrete type on bond behavior and distribution of axial strains were studied, and simplified bond-slip constitutive models based on test results were proposed. It was found that bond type was a critical factor influencing bond behavior. A smaller radius-thickness ratio, a higher concrete stress, and the use of expansive concrete were advantageous for achieving higher bond behavior, whereas the slenderness ratio had little influence on the bond behavior. The axial strain distribution of all FRP tubes demonstrated the following rules: the upper strain was greater than the middle strain, which was larger than the lower strain, but for normal concrete specimens, the strain was linearly distributed with height, while for expanded concrete specimens, the distribution curves were polylines.

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Helmi, Karim, Amir Fam, Aftab Mufti, and J. Michael Hall. "Effects of driving forces and bending fatigue on structural performance of a novel concrete-filled fibre-reinforced-polymer tube flexural pile." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-075.

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The effects of driving forces and high-cycle fatigue on the flexural performance of a novel pile consisting of a concrete-filled glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube (CFFT) are investigated. A 367 mm diameter CFFT pile was driven and then extracted from the ground. Two 6 m segments cut from the upper and lower ends of the pile were tested to failure under monotonic bending and compared with a similar undriven CFFT pile. In addition, a 625 mm diameter CFFT and a conventional 508 mm square prestressed concrete pile of similar moment capacities, both 13.1 m long, were driven, tested in the field under lateral loads, and compared. It was found that driving forces have a marginal effect (about 5% reduction) on the flexural strength of CFFT piles. Also, CFFT piles have larger deflections than prestressed piles do. Because the GFRP tube is the sole reinforcement for the CFFT system, a comprehensive fatigue test program was conducted: coupons cut from the tube were tested under cyclic loading at various stress levels (20%–60% of ultimate) to establish the S–N curve and stiffness-degradation characteristics of the tube. A full-scale 367 mm diameter and 6 m long CFFT pile was tested under reversed cyclic bending at 60% of ultimate moment to validate the coupon test results. It is recommended that the service moment be limited to 20%–30% of ultimate moment to achieve at least 1 million cycles.Key words: composite pile, CFFT, driving, bending, fatigue, cyclic, FRP, tension.

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Ramaswamy, Anandakumar, Selvamony Chachithanantham, and Seeni Arumugam. "Performance of BFRP Retrofitted RCC Piles Subjected to Axial Loads." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/323909.

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This paper deals with the behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites retrofitted RCC piles subjected to axial compression loads. Currently the awareness of using FRP increases rapidly in engineering fields and also among public. Retrofitting becomes vital for aged and damaged concrete structures, piles, and so forth, to improve its load carrying capacity and to extend the service life. The load carrying capacity of piles retrofitted with basalt unidirectional fabric was studied experimentally. 15 nos. of RCC end bearing pile elements were cast with same reinforcement for axial compression experiment. Three piles were used as conventional elements, another 3 piles were used as double BFRP wrapped pile elements, and remaining 9 piles were used as retrofitted piles with BFRP double wrapping after preloaded to 30%, 60%, and 90% of ultimate load of conventional element. The effects of retrofitting of RCC pile elements were observed and a mathematical prediction was developed for calculation of retrofitting strength. The stress vs. strain relationship curve, load vs. deformation curve, preloaded elements strength losses are tabulated and plotted. Besides, crack patterns of conventional elements and tearing BFRP wrapped elements were also observed. The BFRP wrapped elements and retrofitted elements withstand more axial compressive load than the conventional elements.

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Park, Joon Seok, In Kyu Kang, Jong Hwa Park, Joo Kyung Park, Hong Taek Kim, and Soon Jong Yoon. "An Experimental Investigation on the Structural Behavior of FRP-Concrete Composite Compression Members." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2644.

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In construction industries, new construction materials are needed to overcome some problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials due to the change of environmental and social requirements. Accordingly, the requirements to be satisfied in the design of civil engineering structures are diversified. As a new construction material in the civil engineering industries, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. Nowadays, new types of bridge piers and marine piles are being studied for new construction. They are made of concrete filled fiber reinforced polymeric plastic tubes (CFFT). In this paper, a new type of FRP-concrete composite pile which is composed of reinforced concrete filled FRP tube (RCFFT) is proposed to improve compressive strength as well as flexural strength of an RCFFT. The load carrying capacity of proposed RCFFT is discussed based on the result of experimental and analytical investigations.

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17

Naggar, M. Hesham El. "The 2002 Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: The role of soilpile interaction in foundation engineering." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 485–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-014.

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Soilpile interaction (SPI) plays an important role in the analysis and design of foundations and structures. Geotechnical engineers have recognized this role, and many studies have focused on several aspects of the topic in the past four decades. As the third millennium begins, geotechnical engineers are challenged to provide more reliable and efficient foundation solutions to support larger, heavier, and more complicated structures. SPI must be thoroughly understood to properly address the issues that arise when designing foundations to meet these challenges. This presentation investigates some of the important features of SPI as they relate to some innovative applications in foundation engineering. Specific problems examined here include design of tapered piles where understanding SPI and interface conditions is utilized to develop efficient design procedures; construction of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) and thin-walled pipe piles using an innovative device that exploits the understanding of aspects of SPI during driving for efficient installation; and Statnamic pile load testing where analysis of SPI is used to establish the characteristics of the pile static behaviour from the dynamic loading event.Key words: tapered, piles, driving, fibre-reinforced polymer, Statnamic, load testing.

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18

Ma, Ming Lei, Gui Ling Wang, Dong Mei Miao, and Bao Yu Lian. "Design and Construction of the Cofferdam Pile with GFRP Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.437.

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FRP (Fiber reinforced polymer) is a two-way designed material from both macro and micro design. Former design was carried out according to the structural design, and the micro design is the material design on fiber volume ratio and the resin types. FRP is eminent in civil engineering because of its high strength to weight ratio, durability prolongation, high stiffness to weight ratio and its fatigue resistance behaviors. Right now, lots of applications were found in offshore engineering, hydraulic engineering and railway engineering. This article focused on both design and construction of the FRP reinforcement with concrete, and a case study was provided from the Nanjing city by CCEED (China Construction Eighth Engineering Division).

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Lee, Hyoung-Kyu, and Joon-Seok Park. "Development of Hybrid FRP-Concrete Composite Pile Connection." Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11004/kosacs.2014.5.4.052.

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Al-Darraji, Fadhil, Monower Sadique, Tina Marolt Čebašek, Abhijit Ganguli, Zelong Yu, and Khalid Hashim. "A Systematic Review of the Geotechnical and Structural Behaviors of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Piles." Geosciences 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13030078.

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Composite piles have emerged as a popular alternative to conventional piling materials for deep foundations and have gained significant traction as a specific type of pile due to their potential to mitigate durability issues often associated with standard piling materials. A new type of composite piles can improve structural behavior and extend service life. This research uses an inclusive review methodology to evaluate the geotechnical and structural behaviors of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite piles. Scopus was utilized to address the relevant keywords and state-of-the-art documents, and VSOviewer software was adopted to spot recurring patterns in the data using scientometric maps. Low-stiffness composite materials are a concern, according to the research work. Thus, researchers are working on confined concrete-filled FRP piles to improve the structural and geotechnical properties used in various load-bearing conditions. However, more research is required to comprehensively understand the behaviors of the studied types of composite piles. Indeed, there is a need for large-scale lab and field studies to determine how axial and lateral loads influence composite piles. This could help create guidelines for constructing the reviewed types of composite piles.

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Pantelides, Chris P., Jeffrey B. Duffin, and Lawrence D. Reaveley. "Seismic Strengthening of Reinforced-Concrete Multicolumn Bridge Piers." Earthquake Spectra 23, no. 3 (August 2007): 635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2757194.

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The analysis, seismic rehabilitation measures, and in-situ performance of a reinforced-concrete (RC) bridge pier subjected to quasi-static loads are presented. The bridge was built in 1963 and was designed for gravity and wind but not seismic loads. The reinforcement details are compared with AASHTO requirements for seismic zones 3 and 4. The bridge pier was rehabilitated with steel dowels connecting the piles to the pile caps and RC grade beam connecting the three pile caps; carbon Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) composite jackets were used to rehabilitate the columns, cap beam, and T-joints. An analytical model is presented that includes the effects of soil-pile-structure interaction and the seismic rehabilitation measures. Critical events in the experimental performance of the bridge pier are identified. Comparisons are made between the pier's performance and that of other piers tested in situ at the same site that were rehabilitated with incremental measures.

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Chen, Jianhang, Shiji Wang, Guoxin Sun, Han Zhang, Krzysztof Skrzypkowski, Krzysztof Zagórski, and Anna Zagórska. "Investigating the Influence of Embedment Length on the Anchorage Force of Rock Bolts with Modified Pile Elements." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010052.

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The embedment length (EL) of full-grouting rock bolts is a core factor in rock bolt reinforcement. Therefore, understanding the influence of EL on the reinforcement performance of rock bolts benefits the rock reinforcement quality. To realise this purpose, this paper adopted the numerical modelling method. In this numerical modelling method, the structural elements of modified piles were used. The elastic debonding law was incorporated into the modified pile elements to model the debonding behaviour of the surface between rock bolts and grout. The results showed that the sliding of modified pile elements had a marginal influence on the reinforcement performance of rock bolts. Moreover, the EL has a paramount influence on the reinforcement performance of rock bolts. Before the rock bolts reached the largest anchorage force, there was a linear relation between the largest anchorage force and the EL. It was effective to use the linear regression analysis method to predict the critical EL of rock bolts. This finding was also applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rock bolts. Additionally, the rock bolt type had a paramount influence on the reinforcement performance of rock bolts. Before the rock bolts reached the largest anchorage force, metal rock bolts showed much larger initial stiffness than FRP rock bolts.

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Lee, Young-Geun, Jin-Woo Choi, Joon-Seok Park, and Soon-Jong Yoon. "Compression Strength Test of FRP Reinforced Concrete Composite Pile." Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11004/kosacs.2011.2.4.019.

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Tang, Yongsheng, Mengfei Cao, Bo Li, Xuhui Chen, and Zhenyu Wang. "Horizontal Deformation Monitoring of Concrete Pile with FRP-Packaged Distributed Optical-Fibre Sensors." Buildings 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2023): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102454.

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Horizontal deformation is a key parameter in the structural assessment of concrete piles, especially in landslide cases. However, the existing deformation-monitoring methods cannot satisfy the demands of long-term monitoring. Therefore, a new method based on distributed optical-fibre sensing technology is proposed for the long-term monitoring of the horizontal deformation of concrete piles. First, a distributed long-gauge optical-fibre sensor is embedded into a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) for the excellent distributed strain measurement of the concrete piles in damage cases, such as concrete cracking and reinforcement yielding. Second, based on the typical Winkler beam model, a calculation theory can be constructed for the horizontal deformation of the concrete piles with the input of the strain measurement. Lastly, the proposed method is verified via finite element simulation and static experiments in a laboratory, and the results show good accuracy. Before the case of reinforcement yielding, the largest measurement error of deformation is about 1 mm. It can be up to several millimetres after reinforcement yielding due to the large gap between the calculation model and the actual structure, while the relative measurement error is only about 10%. Due to the distributed strain measurement, the inside horizontal deformation distribution of the concrete piles can be monitored online with the proposed method to implement a detailed assessment of the pile health. Additionally, considering the excellent long-term performance of FRPs and optical-fibre sensors, the proposed method can be applied for the long-term deformation monitoring of concrete piles.

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Meeran Mydeen, Mohamed Younus, Murugan Madasamy, and Bright Singh Seeni. "Uplift Behaviour of External Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Wrapping on RC Piles in Dry and Submerged Sandy Soil." Buildings 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030778.

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The sudden occurrence of an earthquake induces a liquefaction effect on foundation soil, which causes a substantial increase in the uplift pressure acting on piles and causes structural damage to superstructures. This forms the basis of the necessity of experimenting with the behaviour of piles subjected to uplift loads and predicting their load-carrying capacity or resistance. Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps are widely used for strengthening and retrofitting piles subjected to damage. The current study is aimed at determining the uplift load-carrying capacity or resistance of piles wrapped with basalt fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets by experiment. Preliminary tests were conducted to identify the influence of BFRP and GFRP wraps on the mechanical strength properties of concrete. The mechanical strength of the specimen with the double wrapping of basalt and glass fibres in the perpendicular direction outperformed all other specimens. Moreover, the piles were wrapped with laminates and experimented on for their uplift capacity in dry and submerged conditions. The results indicate a considerable improvement in the uplift resistance of the piles compared with the unconfined piles. The BFRP and GFRP wraps improved the uplift resistance of the piles by 35.56% and 15.56%, respectively, higher than the unconfined pile for dry conditions. The angle of the interfacial friction in dry and submerged states was observed to be the maximum for the perpendicular direction for both of the FRP wraps, and the failure modes were compared. The simulated model showed a significant correctness for determining the uplift resistance of FRP-wrapped piles in dry and submerged states. The degree of agreement in the dry condition for the experimental results and finite element method was more than 94% for all fibre wraps.

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Winters, Danny, Gray Mullins, Rajan Sen, Andy Schrader, and Michael Stokes. "Bond Enhancement for FRP Pile Repair in Tidal Waters." Journal of Composites for Construction 12, no. 3 (June 2008): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2008)12:3(334).

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Lee, Young-Geun, Joon-Seok Park, Sun-Hee Kim, Hong-Lak Kim, and Soon-Jong Yoon. "Compression Behavior of Manufacturability Enhanced FRP-Concrete Hybrid Composite Pile." Composites Research 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7234/kscm.2013.26.1.66.

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Sulardi, Sulardi. "Perbaikan dan Proteksi Pondasi Tiang Dermaga Dengan Metode Pile Encapsulation." Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v2i1.608.

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Problems encountered in this research is the occurrence of foundation damage pier dock building PT. Reliance Refinery in Gujarat Province of India resulting in dock structure under sub standard condition, unsafe condition and at any time dock structure may experience colapse. The specific point of this problem is the dock building is supported by a 120 cm diameter pile foundation with a height of 14 meters above ground level and over 200 meters towards the Indian Ocean. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of how the specifications of materials, work equipment and methods of implementing the repair of damaged pier building foundations. Improvement using pile encapsulation method is by cleaning the damaged piling surface with water jeting and mechanical, installing FRP jacketing cover and grouting with underwater material specifications epoxy grout. The improvement results show the epoxy grout and FRP jacket bonding well to the existing piling surface. This repair method is proven to improve the damage of the piling and protect the piling against corrosion, abrasion, scouring and mechanical impact. These improvements have been replicated to address similar problems in Canada, Australia, Singapore and Indonesia.

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Sener, Ummu, and Sebahattin Eker. "Microwave Non-Destructive Testing Technique for Material Characterization of Concrete Structures via Electromagnetic Waves with FDTD." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 11 (February 5, 2021): 1390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351164.

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Concrete is a nonhomogeneous medium that contains coarse aggregate, sand (fine aggregate), cement powder, water and porosity. Microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) technique is used to simulate three layered media that contains air gap, coarse aggregate and a two layered media that contain rebar and void is modeled as closest to the reality. Interaction of electromagnetic wave and the concrete pile is utilized for numerical simulation. A Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Absorbing Boundary Condition (ABC) is proposed to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in FRP tube and composite pile. 2D simulation of a wave generated from a point source at microwave frequencies is obtained by using MATLAB®.

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Shao, Yixin. "Characterization of a Pultruded FRP Sheet Pile for Waterfront Retaining Structures." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 2006): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2006)18:5(626).

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Choi, Jin-Woo, Joon-Seok Park, Jung-Hoon Nam, Dong-Jun An, In-Kyu Kang, and Soon-Jong Yoon. "An Experimental Study for the Compression Strength of Hybrid CFFT Pile." Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11004/kosacs.2011.2.1.030.

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Lopez-Anido, Roberto, Antonis P. Michael, and Thomas C. Sandford. "Experimental characterization of FRP composite-wood pile structural response by bending tests." Marine Structures 16, no. 4 (June 2003): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8339(03)00021-2.

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Kang, In-Kyu, and Sun-Hee Kim. "Compressive Strength Testing of Hybrid Concrete-Filled Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Tubes Confined by Filament Winding." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072900.

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In this study, an experiment on compressive strength of the hybrid concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) confined by filament winding was conducted to improve the longitudinal strength while considering the thickness of filament winding as a variable. A maximum error of 17% was observed when the results of performing the finite element analysis (FEA) by applying the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials suggested in previous studies were compared to those of the compressive strength experiment on the hybrid-CFFT. Moreover, a maximum error of 15% was exhibited when the results derived from the strength equation proposed by analyzing the compressive strength experiment were compared. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the hybrid-CFFT increased by up to 14% when the longitudinal compressive strength of the pre-tensioned spun high strength concrete (PHC) pile and concrete-filled tube (CFT) were compared.

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Al-Jaberi, Zuhair, Zena Al-Jazeri, and Rana Mahdi. "Utilizing Underwater FRP System for Hydraulic Structures Application." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1120, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1120/1/012046.

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Abstract The development of the use of advance composites is remarkable, especially in applications that require the materials used to be corrosion resistant. One of the most important of these applications is the structures built inside or under water, especially hydraulic structures. Constant exposure to wet makes materials such as concrete and steel threatened to the high level of corrosion and deterioration. The traditional methods for repairing proved insufficient over time, in addition to being expensive in some cases. Therefore, it became necessary to search for alternatives that achieve engineering efficiency and lower costs. One of these alternatives is the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) system. Until recent years, it was not possible to use FRP system under water as a repair system for hydraulic structures without cofferdam. However, during this period, types of underwater cured resins were produced and underwater FRP system is the best choice for this type of structures. There are no many practical applications for the use of FRP in repairing of hydraulic structures, so it is possible to study its application in marine structure to show the possibility of use it in hydraulic structure. This research highlight the advantages and disadvantages of traditional method in repairing underwater structures. Also present project that considered the underwater FRP as a construction material used in the rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete pile. As a conclusion, using fibers with water activated resin can provide an economical solution for future repair and rehabilitation projects. Also the pre-preg system is efficient for repairing dry zones, while the wet layup system is very effective in repairing splash zones of damaged structural elements.

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Tang, Yu, Gang Wu, and Zeyang Sun. "Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of Underwater Bridge Columns Strengthened with Prestressed Precast Concrete Panels and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcements." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (August 7, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7438694.

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The seismic performance of the bridge column, such as pier or pile, is a time-dependent property which may decrease in resistance to the deterioration or natural hazards along the structure’s service life. The most effective strengthened method for degraded bridge columns is the jacketing method, which has been widely developed and investigated through numerous studies since the 1980s. This paper presented a modeling method, as well as a comprehensive parametric study, on seismic performance of bridge columns strengthened by a newly developed strengthening method with prestressed precast concrete panels and fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcements (PPCP-FRP). A modeling method of bridge columns strengthened with PPCP-FRP was first presented and validated with test results. The influence of design parameters, such as axial load ratio, equivalent FRP reinforcement ratio rate (EQFRR), expansion ratio, and shear span ratio of strengthened columns, were then further evaluated in terms of lateral load capacity, ductility, energy dissipation, lateral stiffness, and residual displacement of strengthened columns. The peak load of strengthened columns increases with the increasing of EQFRR due to the unique failure model of strengthened columns characterized by the fracture of FRP bars. The initial stiffness of strengthened columns increased by 300% with the increasing of expansion ratio by 45%, and a stable postyield stiffness stage was obtained by most strengthened columns in analysis. The residual displacement of strengthened columns decreases rapidly with the increasing of EQFRR, which indicated that a better repairability could be achieved by the strengthened column with a relatively high EQFRR.

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Ji, Gefu, Zhenyu Ouyang, and Guoqiang Li. "Experimental investigation into the interfacial shear strength of AGS-FRP tube confined concrete pile." Engineering Structures 31, no. 10 (October 2009): 2309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.05.008.

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Bartosik, Przemysław, and Jarosław Lemański Lemański. "Działania operacyjne Wydziału II Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Spraw Wewnętrznych w Pile w zakresie kontrwywiadowczego zabezpieczenia jednostek wojskowych na podległym terenie w 1988 r." Fides, Ratio et Patria. Studia Toruńskie, no. 12 (June 30, 2020): 254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/frp.778.

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38

YUAN, WENQING, and AMIR MIRMIRAN. "BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE-FILLED FRP TUBES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 01, no. 03 (September 2001): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455401000251.

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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes can be filled with concrete to serve as structural columns or piles. The tube provides confinement and strength for the core, whereas the concrete core enhances the overall stability of the system. This paper reports on an analytical and experimental study of the static buckling of thin-walled FRP tubes filled with concrete and bent in single curvature. A comprehensive parametric study on over 11 500 columns shows that concrete-filled FRP tubes are much more susceptible to buckling than concrete columns with internal steel reinforcement. A number of modifications are suggested for the existing stability design equations of critical length and moment magnification of concrete columns to make them applicable to concrete-filled FRP tubes.

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39

Murugan, Madasamy, Kasinathan Muthukkumaran, and Chidmabrathanu Natarajan. "FRP-Strengthened RC Piles. II: Piles under Cyclic Lateral Loads." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 31, no. 3 (June 2017): 04017004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000964.

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Murugan, Madasamy, Kasinathan Muthukkumaran, and Chidmabrathanu Natarajan. "FRP-Strengthened RC Piles. I: Piles under Static Lateral Loads." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 31, no. 3 (June 2017): 04017003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000990.

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41

Ali Dawoud, Ayman, Ahmed Abdelaal Abdelghany, Ahmed Abouzied, and Alaa Sherif. "EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE/AXIAL FIBER RATIOS ON THE FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF CONCRETE-FILLED FRP TUBE BEAMS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 9 (January 1, 2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i09.004.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have been used in the field of civil engineering constructions especially in corrosive environment. They can be used as internal reinforcement for beams, slabs, and pavements, or as external reinforcement for rehabilitation and strengthening different structures. One of their innovative applications is the concrete-filled FRP tubes (CFFTs) which are becoming an alternative for different structural members such as piles, columns, bridge girders, and bridge piers due to their high performance, durability and resistance to corrosion. In such integrated systems, the FRP tubes act as stay-in-place forms, protective jackets for the embedded concrete and steel, and as external reinforcement in the primary and secondary direction of the structural member [1,2,3]. This study investigates the flexural behaviour of square filament-wound FRP tubes filled with concrete, without any steel bars. The FRP tubes were fabricated by filament winding process and hand lay-up technique. Several test variables were chosen to investigate the effect of the fiber laminates structure, and the different ratios of axial-andtransverse fiber on the flexural behaviour of such CFFT beams. The beams were tested under four-point loading system. The results of the tested CFFT beams indicate significant gain in strength, stiffness, cracking moment and energy absorption with increasing the axial fiber percentage and by increasing the thickness of the FRP tube.

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42

Sen, Rajan, and Gray Mullins. "Application of FRP composites for underwater piles repair." Composites Part B: Engineering 38, no. 5-6 (July 2007): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.07.011.

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43

Sakr, M., M. H. El Naggar, and M. Nehdi. "Uplift performance of FRP tapered piles in dense sand." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 5, no. 2 (June 2005): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.2005.050201.

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44

Guades, Ernesto, Thiru Aravinthan, Mainul Islam, and Allan Manalo. "A review on the driving performance of FRP composite piles." Composite Structures 94, no. 6 (May 2012): 1932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.02.004.

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45

Falikman, Vyacheslav Ruvimovich, Dmitry Anatolievich Ilyin, and Valentina Fedorovna Stepanova. "Advanced hybrid nonmetallic composite reinforcement for concrete structures." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0146.

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During the last decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure has been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars became commercially available. However, major shortcomings of the existing FRP bars are its low elastic modulus and high initial cost compared to conventional steel bars. The possibility to obtain a hybrid composite reinforcement (HCR) with increased performance based on glass and carbon fibers (GCFRP) is considered. The optimal content of carbon fibers in the amount of 6.3 − 6.5 % of the mass of the HCR was established. Further increase in the carbon fiber content gives a slight improvement in physical and technical characteristics, which is not comparable to the increase in the cost of the material. The manufacturing technology of HCR has been developed. The effect of hybridization on tensile properties of FRP bars were obtained by comparing the results of tensile test with those of non-hybrid GFRP bars. Operation regularities of HCR in the bent concrete beams are established. HCR can increase the stiffness of concrete beams by 15 % and crack resistance by 12 % in comparison with glass composite reinforcement. Dependences for predicting the HCR elasticity modulus are established. Physical and technical characteristics of HCR, including adhesion to concrete and resistance to the alkaline medium, were established. High durability of HCR for more than 50 years is experimentally shown. Experimental-industrial concrete piles, reinforced with GCFRP bars were produced and tested. For further development, new types of HCR, as well as a study of prestressed concrete structures are recommended.

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46

Eugene Kim, Kun-Ho, and Bassem Andrawes. "Load Rating of Deteriorated and FRP-Retrofitted Bridge Abutment Timber Piles." Journal of Bridge Engineering 22, no. 9 (September 2017): 04017058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001090.

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47

Sakr, Mohammed, M. Hesham El Naggar, and Moncef Nehdi. "Wave equation analyses of tapered FRP–concrete piles in dense sand." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 27, no. 2 (February 2007): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.11.002.

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de Bentzmann, Sophie, Marianne Aurouze, Geneviève Ball, and Alain Filloux. "FppA, a Novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa Prepilin Peptidase Involved in Assembly of Type IVb Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 13 (July 1, 2006): 4851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00345-06.

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ABSTRACT Several subclasses of type IV pili have been described according to the characteristics of the structural prepilin subunit. Whereas molecular mechanisms of type IVa pilus assembly have been well documented for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and involve the PilD prepilin peptidase, no type IVb pili have been described in this microorganism. One subclass of type IVb prepilins has been identified as the Flp prepilin subfamily. Long and bundled Flp pili involved in tight adherence have been identified in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, for which assembly was due to a dedicated machinery encoded by the tad-rcp locus. A similar flp-tad-rcp locus containing flp, tad, and rcp gene homologues was identified in the P. aeruginosa genome. The function of these genes has been investigated, which revealed their involvement in the formation of extracellular Flp appendages. We also identified a gene (designated by open reading frame PA4295) outside the flp-tad-rcp locus, that we named fppA, encoding a novel prepilin peptidase. This is the second enzyme of this kind found in P. aeruginosa; however, it appears to be truncated and is similar to the C-terminal domain of the previously characterized PilD peptidase. In this study, we show that FppA is responsible for the maturation of the Flp prepilin and belongs to the aspartic acid protease family. We also demonstrate that FppA is required for the assembly of cell surface appendages that we called Flp pili. Finally, we observed an Flp-dependent bacterial aggregation process on the epithelial cell surface and an increased biofilm phenotype linked to Flp pilus assembly.

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Prabu, M. "Soil Structure Interaction Study on FRP Strengthened RCC Piles under Lateral Load." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 3600–3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5589.

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Giraldo, J., and M. T. Rayhani. "Load transfer of hollow Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) piles in soft clay." Transportation Geotechnics 1, no. 2 (June 2014): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.03.002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pile FRP'

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