Journal articles: 'PII leaks'

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Carrell, David S., David J. Cronkite, Muqun (Rachel) Li, Steve Nyemba, Bradley A. Malin, John S. Aberdeen, and Lynette Hirschman. "The machine giveth and the machine taketh away: a parrot attack on clinical text deidentified with hiding in plain sight." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 12 (August 7, 2019): 1536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz114.

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Abstract Objective Clinical corpora can be deidentified using a combination of machine-learned automated taggers and hiding in plain sight (HIPS) resynthesis. The latter replaces detected personally identifiable information (PII) with random surrogates, allowing leaked PII to blend in or “hide in plain sight.” We evaluated the extent to which a malicious attacker could expose leaked PII in such a corpus. Materials and Methods We modeled a scenario where an institution (the defender) externally shared an 800-note corpus of actual outpatient clinical encounter notes from a large, integrated health care delivery system in Washington State. These notes were deidentified by a machine-learned PII tagger and HIPS resynthesis. A malicious attacker obtained and performed a parrot attack intending to expose leaked PII in this corpus. Specifically, the attacker mimicked the defender’s process by manually annotating all PII-like content in half of the released corpus, training a PII tagger on these data, and using the trained model to tag the remaining encounter notes. The attacker hypothesized that untagged identifiers would be leaked PII, discoverable by manual review. We evaluated the attacker’s success using measures of leak-detection rate and accuracy. Results The attacker correctly hypothesized that 211 (68%) of 310 actual PII leaks in the corpus were leaks, and wrongly hypothesized that 191 resynthesized PII instances were also leaks. One-third of actual leaks remained undetected. Discussion and Conclusion A malicious parrot attack to reveal leaked PII in clinical text deidentified by machine-learned HIPS resynthesis can attenuate but not eliminate the protective effect of HIPS deidentification.

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Starov, Oleksii, Phillipa Gill, and Nick Nikiforakis. "Are You Sure You Want to Contact Us? Quantifying the Leakage of PII via Website Contact Forms." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2015-0028.

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Abstract The majority of commercial websites provide users the ability to contact them via dedicated contact pages. In these pages, users are typically requested to provide their names, email addresses, and reason for contacting the website. This effectively makes contact pages a gateway from being anonymous or pseudonymous, i.e., identified via stateful and stateless identifiers, to being eponymous. As such, the environment where users provide their personally identifiable information (PII) has to be trusted and free from intentional and unintentional information leaks. In this paper, we report on the first large-scale study of PII leakage via contact pages of the 100,000 most popular sites of the web. We develop a reliable methodology for identifying and interacting with contact forms as well as techniques that allow us to discover the leakage of PII towards thirdparties, even when that information is obfuscated. Using these methods, we witness the leakage of PII towards third-parties in a wide range of ways, including the leakage through third-party form submissions, third-party scripts that collect PII information from a first-party page, and unintended leakage through a browser’s Referer header. To recover the lost control of users over their PII, we design and develop Formlock, a browser extension that warns the user when contact forms are using PII-leaking practices, and provides the ability to comprehensively lock-down a form so that a user’s details cannot be, neither accidentally, nor intentionally, leaked to third parties

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Valecha, Rohit, Shambhu Upadhyaya, and H. Raghav Rao. "An Activity Theory Approach to Leak Detection and Mitigation in Patient Health Information (PHI)." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 22, no. 4 (2021): 1007–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00687.

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The migration to electronic health records (EHR) in the healthcare industry has raised issues with respect to security and privacy. One issue that has become a concern for healthcare providers, insurance companies, and pharmacies is patient health information (PHI) leaks because PHI leaks can lead to violation of privacy laws, which protect the privacy of individuals’ identifiable health information, potentially resulting in a healthcare crisis. This study explores the issue of PHI leaks from an access control viewpoint. We utilize access control policies and PHI leak scenarios derived from semi structured interviews with four healthcare practitioners and use the lens of activity theory to articulate the design of an access control model for detecting and mitigating PHI leaks. Subsequently, we follow up with a prototype as a proof of concept.

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Einhorn, Tom. "PHI leads the way." Hospital Aviation 4, no. 12 (December 1985): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0740-8315(85)80178-9.

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Ranganathan, Dwarakanathan, George T. John, Edward Yeoh, Nicola Williams, Barry O'Loughlin, Thin Han, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan, Kavitha Ramanathan, and Helen Healy. "A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Appropriate Time to Initiate Peritoneal Dialysis after Insertion of Catheter (Timely PD Study)." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 37, no. 4 (July 2017): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00066.

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Background The optimal time for the commencement of peritoneal dialysis (PD) after PD catheter insertion is unclear. If dialysis is started too soon after insertion, dialysate leaks and infection could occur. However, by starting PD earlier, morbidity and costs can be reduced through lesser hemodialysis requirements. This is the first randomized controlled trial to determine the safest and shortest interval to commence PD after catheter insertion. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing PD catheter insertion at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and Rockhampton Hospital from 1 March 2008 to 31 May 2013 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate in the trial. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Group 1 (G1) commenced PD at 1 week, group 2 (G2) at 2 weeks and group 3 (G3) at 4 weeks after PD catheter insertion. These groups were stratified by hospital and the presence of diabetes. Primary outcomes were the incidence of peritoneal fluid leaks or PD-related infection during the 4 weeks after commencement of PD. Results In total 122 participants were recruited, 39, 42, and 41 randomized to G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The primary outcome catheter leak was significantly higher in G1 (28.2%) compared with G3 (2.4%, p = 0.001) but not compared with G2 (9.5%, p = 0.044), based on intention to treat analysis. These differences were even more marked when analyzed with per protocol method: G1 had a significantly higher percentage (32.4 %) compared with G3 (3.3%, p = 0.003) but not compared with G2 (10.5%, p = 0.040). Event percentages of leak were statistically higher in G1 and occurred significantly earlier compared with other groups ( p = 0.002). Amongst diabetics, technique failure was significantly higher (28.6%) in G3 compared with 0% in G1 and 7.1% in G2 ( p = 0.036) and earlier in G3 at 163.2 days vs 176.8 and 175.8 ( p = 0.037) for G1 and G2, respectively. Conclusion Leaks were higher in participants commencing PD at 1 week after catheter insertion compared with the other 2 groups, and technique failure was higher in diabetics starting PD at 4 weeks.

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Kloft, Nicole, and Karl Forchhammer. "Signal Transduction Protein PII Phosphatase PphA Is Required for Light-Dependent Control of Nitrate Utilization in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 19 (October 1, 2005): 6683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.19.6683-6690.2005.

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ABSTRACT Signal transduction protein PII is dephosphorylated in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by protein phosphatase PphA. To determine the impact of PphA-mediated PII dephosphorylation on physiology, the phenotype of a PphA-deficient mutant was analyzed. Mutants lacking either PphA or PII were impaired in efficient utilization of nitrate as the nitrogen source. Under conditions of limiting photosystem I (PSI)-reduced ferredoxin, excess reduction of nitrate along with impaired reduction of nitrite occurred in PII signaling mutants, resulting in excretion of nitrite to the medium. This effect could be reversed by increasing the level of PSI-reduced ferredoxin. We present evidence that nonphosphorylated PII controls the utilization of nitrate in response to low light intensity by tuning down nitrate uptake to meet the actual reduction capacity. This control mechanism can be bypassed by exposing cells to excess levels of nitrate. Uncontrolled nitrate uptake leads to light-dependent nitrite excretion even in wild-type cells, confirming that nitrate uptake controls nitrate utilization in response to limiting photon flux densities.

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Yu, H., and J. Ferrier. "Osteoclast ATP receptor activation leads to a transient decrease in intracellular pH." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 3051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.9.3051.

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Application of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induces a pulsed decrease in osteoclast intracellular pH (pHi), as measured with seminaphthofluorescein (SNAFL)-calcein on a laser scanning confocal microscope. Adenosine diphosphate also produces a pHi decrease, but adenosine monophosphate, uridine triphosphate, 2-methylthio-ATP, and beta, gamma-methylene-ATP have little effect on pHi. The ATP-induced pHi decrease is largely inhibited by suramin, a P2 purinergic receptor blocker. Clamping intracellular free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) with BAPTA/AM does not affect the ATP-induced pHi change, showing that this pHi decrease is not caused by the increased intracellular [Ca2+]i that is produced by activation of osteoclast purinergic receptors. We show that an increase in [Ca2+]i by itself will produce a pHi increase. The ATP effect is not blocked by inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange by either Na(+)-free bathing medium or amiloride. Two inhibitors of the osteoclast cell membrane proton pump, N-ethylmaleimide and vanadate, produce partial inhibition of the ATP-induced pHi decrease. Two other proton pump inhibitors, bafilomycin and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, have no influence on the ATP effect. None of the proton pump inhibitors but vanadate has a direct effect on pHi. Vanadate produces a transient pHi increase upon application to the bathing medium, possibly as a result of its known effect of stimulating the Na+/H+ exchanger. Inhibition of Cl-/HCO3- exchange by decreasing extracellular Cl- gives a pronounced long-term pHi increase, supporting the hypothesis that this exchange has an important role in osteoclast pHi homeostasis. In Cl(-)-free extracellular medium, there is a greatly reduced effect of extracellular ATP on pHi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Berenson, James R., Alexa Cohen, Tanya M. Spektor, Jacob D. Bitran, Gigi Qiqi Chen, Mehdi M. Moezi, Alberto Bessudo, et al. "Replacement of ixazomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients refractory to a bortezomib or carfilzomib-containing combination therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 8013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.8013.

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8013 Background: The proteasome inhibitor (PI) ixazomib (Ixz) is the first orally administered PI approved for treating multiple myeloma (MM). It has shown clinical activity as a single agent and when used in other combinations. In this phase 1/2 trial, we evaluated Ixz as a replacement therapy for bortezomib or carfilzomib for MM patients who were refractory to a bortezomib- or carfilzomib-containing combination regimen. Methods: This was a phase 1/2, intra-patient, multicenter, open-label trial evaluating the replacement of ixazomib for bortezomib or carfilzomib for MM patients who were refractory in combination with the other agents that the patients had received and failed. Patients received Ixz on days 1, 8 and 15 on a 28-day schedule and the other drugs were administered using the same doses and schedules as they were receiving during their prior regimen. If the Ixz maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for a particular combination regimen was previously determined, then patients were enrolled directly into Phase 2 (PhII). If not, MTD was determined during the Phase 1 (PhI) portion of the trial. Results: To date, a total of 40 patients have been enrolled; 37 patients (21 were enrolled in PhI and 16 in PhII) had completed at least one cycle of this treatment. Patients received a median of 5 prior treatments (range, 1-22). The median follow-up time for all patients was 1.6 months (range, 0.1-10.7 months), whereas that of PhII was 2.2 months (range, 0.2-10.7 months). There was no clinical benefit (CBR; 0%) nor any overall response rate (ORR; 0%) for patients receiving Ixz 3 mg (PhI). Nine patients (43%) showed stable disease (SD) while 12 (57%) exhibited disease progression (PD). In PhII (4mg Ixz) portion of the trial, ORR and CBR were both 18.7% with 16 (43.2%) patients showing SD, and 18 (48.6%) patients displaying PD. Common ≥ Gr3 adverse events were anemia (11%), thrombocytopenia (5.4%), hyponatremia (5.4%), dehydration (5.4%) and neutropenia (2.7%). Conclusions: Replacement of bortezomib or carfilzomib with Ixz infrequently leads to responses among RRMM patient who have progressed while on proteasome inhibitor -containing combination regimens. Clinical trial information: NCT02206425.

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Jafari, Raheleh, Sina Razvarz, Cristóbal Vargas-Jarillo, Alexander Gegov, and Farzad Arabikhan. "Pipeline Leak Detection and Estimation Using Fuzzy PID Observer." Electronics 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010152.

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A pipe is a ubiquitous product in the industries that is used to convey liquids, gases, or solids suspended in a liquid, e.g., a slurry, from one location to another. Both internal and external cracking can result in structural failure of the industrial piping system and possibly decrease the service life of the equipment. The chaos and complexity associated with the uncertain behaviour inherent in pipeline systems lead to difficulty in detection and localisation of leaks in real time. The timely detection of leakage is important in order to reduce the loss rate and serious environmental consequences. The objective of this paper is to propose a new leak detection method based on an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) Laguerre fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) observation system. The objective of this paper is to propose a new leak detection method based on an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) Laguerre fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) observation system. In this work, the ARX–Laguerre model has been used to generate better performance in the presence of uncertainty. According to the results, the proposed technique can detect leaks accurately and effectively.

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Gazaryan, Georgy A., Lyalya G. Tyurina, Galina A. Nefedova, Georgy G. Gazaryan, Igor V. Zakharov, Vasiliy V. Chestukhin, and Aleksandr S. Yermolov. "Optimizing the treatment approach for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the chest leads." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 27, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0869-2106-2021-27-4-339-347.

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BACKGROUND: The treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in both chest and other leads chose a single course of mandatory use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the first 12 h from the onset of pain. However, a significant proportion of patients, often older age groups, are hospitalized at later terms. Thus, studying the efficiency of primary PCIs in different age groups is of interest, considering the terms of hospitalization and characteristics of thanatogenesis in the absence of reperfusion therapy and with its use. AIM: This study aimed to optimize the treatment approach of patients with STEMI in the chest leads using the primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) during hospitalization in the first 12 h and subsequent 1272 h, taking into account the initial risk of death at different ages groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 804 patients with anterior STEMI, who were admitted to the institute from 2008 to 2017. Early PCI was performed in the first 12 h in 311 patients, whereas 272 patients underwent delayed interventions at hospitalization after 1272 h; additionally, 221 patients, including 124 cases with coronary angiography with late hospitalization, received drug therapy. In early PCI, the ratio of individuals under 65 years, 6575 years, and over 75 years were 176, 73, and 62, whereas 164, 66, and 42 in delayed PCI, and 126, 47, and 48 without intervention, respectively. In 26 deceased patients after PCI and 39 patients without interventions, the state of the coronary arteries (CA), the area of left ventricular (LV) lesion, and the cause of death were determined. RESULTS: The absence of reperfusion therapy in the form of PCI in anterior STEMI was established to lead to a progressive decreased myocardial contractile function and formation of an extensive LV aneurysm and high mortality rate, especially in older age groups. Early PCI preserves the contractile function, prevents the LV aneurysm, and significantly reduces mortality. The use of delayed PCI prevents LV dysfunction progression, limits the formation of LV aneurysm, and reduces mortality, which remains high in the absence of PCI. However, delayed PCI, contrary to early used interventions without age restrictions, is mainly performed for isolated lesions, much less often for multiple lesions that are more often present in elderly and senile people. Severe CA disease in these categories of patients increases the risk of intraprocedural complications. Nevertheless, without PCI, a lethal outcome is inevitable in many of them. Thanatogenesis in anterior STEMI is based on the proximal lesion of the anterior interventricular branch in combination with three-vessel CA disease, which causes an extensive infarction area with fatal complications. CONCLUSIONS: The delayed PCI, by analogy with early used procedures without limitations, optimizes the treatment approach of MI with ST-segment elevation in the chest leads and minimizes mortality in all age groups.

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Ratkovic, Nenad, Radoslav Romanovic, Aleksandra Jovelic, Branko Gligic, Saso Rafajlovski, Danilo Vojvodic, and Slobodan Obradovic. "Urgent percutaneous coronary intervention leads to a decrease in serum concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 9 (2010): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1009732r.

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Background/Aim. Inflammation as a consequence of vascular injury after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a pathological substrate of restenosis and of its complications. The aim of the study was to examine perprocedural inflammatory response expressed by soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients treated with PCI and dual antiplatelet therapy. Methods. The experimental group included 52 patients (80.8% men, age 60 ? 9 years) with angina pectoris treated by PCI (22 urgent PCI) with stent implantation, and dual antiplatelet therapy (tienopiridins and aspirin), according to the current recommendations for the execution of the intervention. The control group consisted of 8 patients (70.5% men, age 59 ? 7 years) with angina pectoris, who had undergone coronarography taking aspirin 3 days prior to it. In all the patients 24 hours before and after the PCI concentrations of CRP and sCD40L in the blood were determined. Results. In the experimental group, the concentration of sCD40L was lower as compared to the control (p < 0.02). In 34 (65%) patients postprocedural decrease in sCD40L was recorded, in 18 (34.6%) of them increase, while in 50 (96%) patients there was a rise in CRP. The patients with postprocedural fall in sCD40L hod greater preprocedural concentration of sCD40L (p < 0.001), and less postprocedural concentration of sCD40L (p < 0.001), compared to the group with an increase in sCD40L after the PCI, while CRP levels tients treated with emergency PCI compared to elective patietns had a postprocedural decrease in sCD40L (p = 0.02). Increase in the level of CRP was higher in the group with emergency PCI in relation to elective PCI (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Emergency PCI procedures in the treatment of patients with unstable angina pectoris lead to a postprocedural fall in the serum concentration of sCD40L. Dual antiplate therapy with tienopiridins and aspirin inhibits the release of sCD40L. Regardless a clinical presentation of coronary disease PCI leads to an postprocedural increase in concentrations of CRP in the serum.

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Fang, Weihuan, Henrik Siegumfeldt, Birgitte Bjørn Budde, and Mogens Jakobsen. "Osmotic Stress Leads to Decreased Intracellular pH of Listeria monocytogenes as Determined by Fluorescence Ratio-Imaging Microscopy." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 2004): 3176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.3176-3179.2004.

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ABSTRACT Intracellular pH (pHi) of Listeria monocytogenes was determined after exposure to NaCl or sorbitol in liquid and solid media (agar). Both compounds decreased pHi, and recovery on solid medium was impaired compared to that in liquid medium. N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide abolished pHi recovery, and lowering aw with glycerol showed no effect on pHi.

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Baker, Rose. "Assessment and Evaluation Leads to Recommendations, Decisions, and Collaborations." Performance Improvement Quarterly 33, no. 4 (January 2021): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piq.21356.

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Smith, Amber M. "A Critical Combination of Bacterial Dose and Virus-Induced Alveolar Macrophage Depletion Leads to Pneumococcal Infections During Influenza." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 78.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.78.16.

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Abstract Coinfection with pneumococcus during influenza A virus infection is characterized by rapid, uncontrolled bacterial growth, a rebound in viral titers, and a robust inflammatory response. Several factors contribute to influenza-pneumococcal pathogenicity, including aberrant immune responses, tissue destruction, and pathogen strain and dose. By analyzing pathogen kinetics with a mathematical model, we predicted that bacterial establishment and growth is driven by a defect in clearance by alveolar macrophages (AMs), the first line of defense against pneumococcal invasion. This prediction was tested and confirmed in an experimental study, which suggested that these cells are depleted during influenza. Remarkably, both our model prediction and the follow-up experiments agreed that the AM population is reduced by ~85–90% 7d post-influenza infection (pii). Analyzing our coinfection model in more depth allowed us to quantify an initial dose threshold for successful bacterial infection that depends on the level of AM depletion and predict how the threshold changes throughout an influenza virus infection. To validate this prediction, we infected groups of mice with pneumococcus at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11d pii and at a dose either higher or lower than the predicted threshold. Within 4h after inoculation, bacterial loads decline for doses below the threshold, increase for doses above the threshold, and are dichotomous for doses close to the threshold. These results give insight into the conditions necessary for a secondary bacterial infection to establish during influenza infection and the probability of a successful secondary bacterial infection occurring with seasonal and pandemic influenza virus strains.

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Piskurich, George M. "A training intervention that leads to multiple performance intervention strategies." Performance Improvement 38, no. 5 (May 1999): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4140380506.

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Que, Bin, Chunmei Wang, Hui Ai, Xinyong Zhang, Mei Wang, and Shaoping Nie. "Residual Dyslipidemia Leads to Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6175948.

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Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of residual lipid abnormalities in statin-treated acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Subjects and Methods. A total of 3,047 ACS patients who underwent PCI and received statin therapy were included. Plasma concentrations of LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG were measured. For the follow-up study, major adverse cardiovascular cerebrovascular events (MACCE; including total death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) were documented.Results. A total of 93.14% of all individuals were followed up for 18.1 months (range, 0–29.3 months). Of all 3,047 patients, those with a suboptimal goal were 67.75%, 85.85%, and 33.64% for LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels, respectively. Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed there were significant increases in cumulative MACCE of 41% (HR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.09–1.82],p=0.008), and revascularization of 48% (HR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.10–1.99],p=0.01) in low HDL-C patients with ACS after PCI, but not the high TG group at the end of study.Conclusions. Our results showed there is high rate of dyslipidemia in Chinese ACS patients after PCI. Importantly, low HDL-C but not high TG levels are associated with higher MACCE and revascularization rates in ACS patients after PCI.

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Brown, George E. "Visibility Leads to Ensured Cut of the Pie." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 4 (April 1997): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400032930.

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Pennisi, E. "BIOTECHNOLOGY: Perseverance Leads to Cloned Pig in Japan." Science 289, no. 5482 (August 18, 2000): 1118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5482.1118.

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Hull, Emily H. "Metric and non-metric guides for the determination between fore- and hindlimb phalanges of Rangifer tarandus." Rangifer 39, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.39.1.4630.

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Phalanges are a great untapped resource in the zooarchaeology of Rangifer tarandus. The utilization of this resource, however, is constrained by a current inability to consistently differentiate fore- from hindlimb phalanges in a mixed assemblage. The ability to separate and identify forelimb and hindlimb phalanx 1 (PI) and phalanx 2 (PII), as well as to recognize and identify other small bones of the hoof, leads to great opportunities for archaeologists. In large scale-analysis, this capacity allows a greater ability to determine minimum number of individuals and assess butchery and transport practices. In the examination of individual life histories of Rangifer tarandus, these designations allow a more precise study of pathology and entheseal change, which can shed light on adaptation, foraging strategy, and human-animal interactions. This study presents qualitative and quantitative methods for the differentiation of PI and PII of the fore- and hindlimbs and describes other bones of the hoof. Metric techniques were developed to differentiate fore- from hindlimb phalanges using non-invasive, non-destructive, and simple methods. The efficacy and accuracy of these methods were assessed using blind testing by students and staff. The average success rates of metric analysis yielded 87% accuracy for determinations of fore- versus hindlimb PI and 92% accuracy for determination of fore- versus hindlimb PII. These results show that this method could benefit researchers working with Rangifer tarandus remains.

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Sanz-Barrio, Ruth, Patricia Corral-Martinez, Maria Ancin, Jose M. Segui-Simarro, and Inmaculada Farran. "Overexpression of plastidial thioredoxin f leads to enhanced starch accumulation in tobacco leaves." Plant Biotechnology Journal 11, no. 5 (February 11, 2013): 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12052.

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Oliveira, Manuel. "Building leadership: How pride in your work leads to better attendance and quality." Performance Improvement 44, no. 7 (August 2005): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pfi.4140440703.

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Geerse, D. A., F. M. C. J. Meynen, M. A. Gelens, J. P. Kooman, and T. Cornelis. "Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome after Influenza Vaccination in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 35, no. 7 (December 2015): 772–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2014.00194.

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Cobelo, C., S. Ros, C. Trujillo, and P. Garcia. "An Unusual Case of Vaginal Leak in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 30, no. 6 (November 2010): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2010.00016.

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Shehata, Medhat, Susanne Schnabl, Dita Demirtas, Josef D. Schwarzmeier, Martin Hilgarth, Markus Duechler, Rainer Hubmann, and Ulrich Jaeger. "Interaction between B-CLL Cells and Lymphoid Microenvironment Leads to Activation of PI3-K/Akt Pathway and Inhibition of Apoptosis." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2102.2102.

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Abstract Inhibition of apoptosis and long survival leads to accumulation of the leukemic cells in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). This could be due to activation of anti-apoptotic cascades in CLL cells through interaction with their lymphoid microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated the role of tumor microenvironment in prolongation of survival of B-CLL cells and activation of the potent anti-apoptotic PI3-K/Akt pathway. Stromal fibroblasts of bone marrow (BMFs), spleen (SF) and lymph gland (LGF) were used as an in vitro model for lymphoid microenvironment and we tested their ability to inhibit spontaneous apoptosis of B-CLL cells. Co-culture of B-CLL cells with human BMFs, LGF, and SF significantly inhibited apoptosis and prolonged survival of the leukemic cells in comparison to suspension cultures and to co-cultures with fibroblasts obtained from non-lymphoid organs. Trans-well culture experiments indicated that cell-cell interaction and soluble mediators are essential for this supportive effect. To explore the involvement of PI3-K/Akt pathway in the anti-apoptotic effect of stromal fibroblasts, co-cultures were performed in presence of PI3-K inhibitors (wortmannin or Ly294002) or siRNAs against PI3-K (p110ß subunit) and Akt1. These inhibitors significantly reduced the supportive effect of stromal fibroblasts and induced apoptosis in B-CLL cells. Interestingly, the leukemic cells were far more sensitive to PI3-K inhibition than T cells, monocytes and fibroblasts. Induction of apoptosis was associated with a significant decrease in the intracellular PIP3, PI3-K, PDK1 and Akt1, NF-kappa B, IKK and de-phosphorylation/activation of tumor suppressor protein PTEN. Studies using phosphospecific anti-PTEN antibody demonstrated that PBMC of CLL patients (n=40) highly express a phosphorylated form of PTEN. The results demonstrate that the PI3-K/Akt pathway is involved in inhibition of apoptosis of B-CLL cells and suggest that interaction of the leukemic cells with lymphoid microenvironment maintains the activation of this pathway. The data also suggest that targeting this pathway represents a new option for designing novel therapeutic strategies in B-CLL.

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Wu, Wenyi, Hongcui Li, Shuhan Liu, Bo Zheng, Yebin Xue, Xizhe Liu, and Chunxiao Gao. "Tuning PbI2layers by n-butanol additive for improving CH3NH3PbI3light harvesters of perovskite solar cells." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16355f.

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Vogel, Pamela A., Shen Bayon de Noyer, Hyunwoo Park, Hanh Nguyen, Lili Hou, Taity Changa, Hoang Le Khang, et al. "Expression of the ArabidopsisWRINKLED1 transcription factor leads to higher accumulation of palmitate in soybean seed." Plant Biotechnology Journal 17, no. 7 (January 18, 2019): 1369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13061.

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Kumari, Khushboo, and B. M. Mohan. "Minimum t-norm leads to unrealizable fuzzy PID controllers." Information Sciences 587 (March 2022): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2021.12.050.

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Reinke, Ashley A., Shih-Hon Li, Mark Warnock, Maxim E. Shaydakov, Naga Sandhya Guntaka, Enming J. Su, Jose A. Diaz, Cory D. Emal, and Daniel A. Lawrence. "Dual-reporter high-throughput screen for small-molecule in vivo inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 yields a clinical lead candidate." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 1464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004885.

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Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) implicated in numerous pathological processes, including coronary heart disease, arterial and venous thrombosis, and chronic fibrotic diseases. These associations have made PAI-1 an attractive pharmaceutical target. However, the complexity of the serpin inhibitory mechanism, the inherent metastability of serpins, and the high-affinity association of PAI-1 with vitronectin in vivo have made it difficult to identify pharmacologically effective small-molecule inhibitors. Moreover, the majority of current small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitors are poor pharmaceutical candidates. To this end and to find leads that can be efficiently applied to in vivo settings, we developed a dual-reporter high-throughput screen (HTS) that reduced the rate of nonspecific and promiscuous hits and identified leads that inhibit human PAI-1 in the high-protein environments present in vivo. Using this system, we screened >152,000 pure compounds and 27,000 natural product extracts (NPEs), reducing the apparent hit rate by almost 10-fold compared with previous screening approaches. Furthermore, screening in a high-protein environment permitted the identification of compounds that retained activity in both ex vivo plasma and in vivo. Following lead identification, subsequent medicinal chemistry and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies identified a lead clinical candidate, MDI-2268, having excellent pharmacokinetics, potent activity against vitronectin-bound PAI-1 in vivo, and efficacy in a murine model of venous thrombosis. This rigorous HTS approach eliminates promiscuous candidate leads, significantly accelerates the process of identifying PAI-1 inhibitors that can be rapidly deployed in vivo, and has enabled identification of a potent lead compound.

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Jensen, W. A., S. Marschner, V. L. Ott, and J. C. Cambier. "FcγRIIB-mediated inhibition of T-cell receptor signal transduction involves the phosphorylation of SH2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP), dephosphorylation of the linker of activated T-cells (LAT) and inhibition of calcium mobilization." Biochemical Society Transactions 29, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0290840.

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The low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin G, FcγRIIB, is expressed on most B-cells and on immature and activated mature T-cells. Co-aggregation of FcγRIIB with the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) leads to attenuation of BCR-induced blastogenesis and cell proliferation via inhibition of p21ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) activation. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by the recruitment of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and -2 (SHP-2) and SH2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase(SHIP). In this report, we demonstrate that FcγRIIB co-aggregation with the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), which may occur when T-cells recognize antibody-coated target cells, leads to inhibition of TCR-induced phosphorylation of the linker of activated T-cells (LAT). When phosphorylated, LAT functions as an adapter molecule and recruits PI3-K. Additionally, we demonstrate that PI3-K is required for TCR-induced Ca2+ mobilization. Together, these data suggest that FcγRIIB may inhibit TCR-mediated Ca2+ mobilization, in part via inhibition of LAT phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of PI3-K activation. A similar mechanism has been described in B-cells, where FcγRIIB co-aggregation with the BCR leads to inhibition of PI3-K activity via dephosphorylation of CD19. It is likely that, in both cell types, levels of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are additionally modulated via the enzymic activity of SHIP.

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Hamm, Thomas M., Vladimir V. Turkin, Neha K. Bandekar, Derek O'Neill, and Ranu Jung. "Persistent Currents and Discharge Patterns in Rat Hindlimb Motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 3 (September 2010): 1566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00380.2010.

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We report here the first direct measurements of persistent inward currents (PICs) in rat hindlimb motoneurons, obtained from ketamine–xylazine anesthetized rats during slow voltage ramps performed by single-electrode somatic voltage clamp. Most motoneurons expressed PICs and current–voltage ( I– V) relations often contained a negative-slope region (NSR; 13/19 cells). PICs activated at −52.7 ± 3.89 mV, 9 mV negative to spike threshold. NSR onset was −44.2 ± 4.1 mV. PIC amplitudes were assessed by maximum inward currents measured relative to extrapolated leak current and to NSR-onset current. PIC conductance at potentials just positive to activation was assessed by the relative change in slope conductance ( gin/ gleak). PIC amplitudes varied widely; some exceeded 5 and 10 nA relative to current at NSR onset or leak current, respectively. PIC amplitudes did not vary significantly with input conductance, but PIC amplitudes normalized by recruitment current decreased with increasing input conductance. Similarly, gin/ gleak decreased with increasing input conductance. Currents near resting potential on descending limbs of I– V relations were often outward, relative to ascending-limb currents. This residual outward current was correlated with increases in leak conductance on the descending limb and with input conductance. Excluding responses with accommodation, residual outward currents matched differences between recruitment and derecruitment currents, suggesting a role for residual outward current in frequency adaptation. Comparison of potentials for PIC activation and NSR onset with interspike trajectories during discharge demonstrated correspondence between PIC activation and frequency–current ( f– I) range boundaries. Contributions of persistent inward and outward currents to motoneuron discharge characteristics are discussed.

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Azeez, Abdul, and Victor Busov. "CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated single and biallelic knockout of poplar STERILE APETALA ( PopSAP ) leads to complete reproductive sterility." Plant Biotechnology Journal 19, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13451.

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Diaz-Vivancos, Pedro, Mohamed Faize, Gregorio Barba-Espin, Lydia Faize, Cesar Petri, José Antonio Hernández, and Lorenzo Burgos. "Ectopic expression of cytosolic superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase leads to salt stress tolerance in transgenic plums." Plant Biotechnology Journal 11, no. 8 (June 11, 2013): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12090.

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Caiati, Carlo, Paolo Pollice, Mario Erminio Lepera, and Stefano Favale. "Pacemaker Lead Endocarditis Investigated with Intracardiac Echocardiography: Factors Modulating the Size of Vegetations and Larger Vegetation Embolic Risk during Lead Extraction." Antibiotics 8, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040228.

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Lead pacemaker infection is a complication on the rise. An infected oscillating mass attached to the leads (ILV) is a common finding in this setting. Percutaneous extraction of the leads and of the device is the best curative option. However, extraction of leads with large masses can be complicated by pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to understand the factors associated with large ILV using a sophisticated ultrasound technique to visualize the masses, namely intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), and investigate whether larger masses induce more complications during and after extraction. Percutaneous lead extraction and peri-procedural ICE were done in 36 patients (pts) (75 ± 11 years old, 74% males). Vegetations (max dimension = 8.2 ± 4.1 mm) in the right cavity were found in 26 of them, mostly adhering to the leads. We subdivided the patients into 2 groups: with vegetation size < 1 cm (18 pts) and vegetation size ≥ 1 cm (8 pts). By univariate analysis, we found that patients in group 1 were more often taking anticoagulation therapy (p = 0.03, Phi (Phi coefficient) = −0.5, OR [odds ratio] 0.071) and had signs of local pocket infection (p = 0.02, Phi = −0.52, OR 0.059) while significantly more patients in group 2 had diabetes (p = 0.08, Phi = 0.566, OR 15); moreover the patients in group 2 showed a trend toward a more frequent positive blood culture (p = 0.08, Phi = 0.39, OR 5.8) and infection with coagulase negative staphylococci (p = 0.06, Phi = 0.46, OR 8.3). At multivariate analysis, only 3 factors (diabetes, younger age and anticoagulation therapy) were independently associated with ILV size: diabetes, associated with larger vegetations (group 2), showed the largest beta value (0.44, p = 0.008); age was inversely correlated with ILV size (beta value = −32, p = 0.038), and anticoagulation therapy (beta value = −029, p = 0.048) was more commonly associated with smaller vegetations (group 1). Larger ILV were not associated with more complications or death during or after the extraction. Conclusion: diabetes, anticoagulation therapy and age are independent predictors of lead vegetation size. The embolic potential of large ILV during extraction was modest, so ILVs >1cm are not a contraindication to percutaneous extraction of infected leads.

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Beck, J., and R. Laprade. "Evidence against a proton pump in rabbit proximal convoluted tubule." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 264, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): F175—F180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1993.264.1.f175.

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H+/OH- transport in the absence of bicarbonate was studied in the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) perfused in vitro using measurements of membrane potential and intracellular pH (pHi). Blockade of apical Na/H exchange led to a cell acidification of 0.64 +/- 0.1 pH units from a control pHi of 7.27 +/- 0.04. A bafilomycin-insensitive recovery of pHi of 0.05 +/- 0.02 pH units occurred, but pHi did not exceed electrochemical equilibrium. A larger, sustained acidification of 0.87 +/- 0.07 from an initial control pHi of 7.25 +/- 0.05 induced by bilateral Na removal left pHi substantially below electrochemical equilibrium. These results suggest the absence of Na-independent active proton extrusion. We also examined the possibility that a passive electrogenic proton leak may exist. The removal of luminal glucose and alanine led to a basolateral membrane hyperpolarization of 31.3 +/- 0.5 mV, which was associated with a cell acidification of 0.15 +/- 0.02 pH units. These responses were reversed by addition of luminal glucose and alanine but not by depolarization by basolateral barium, suggesting that luminal glucose and alanine effects on pHi were due to changes other than cell potential. We conclude that, in the absence of bicarbonate, all active proton extrusion in the rabbit PCT is dependent on active Na transport and that a proton leak is negligible.

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Pisareva, Vera P., and Andrey V. Pisarev. "DHX29 reduces leaky scanning through an upstream AUG codon regardless of its nucleotide context." Nucleic Acids Research 44, no. 9 (April 11, 2016): 4252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw240.

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Abstract During eukaryotic translation initiation, the 43S preinitiation complex (43S PIC), consisting of the 40S ribosomal subunit, eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and initiator tRNA scans mRNA to find an appropriate start codon. Key roles in the accuracy of initiation codon selection belong to eIF1 and eIF1A, whereas the mammalian-specific DHX29 helicase substantially contributes to ribosomal scanning of structured mRNAs. Here, we show that DHX29 stimulates the recognition of the AUG codon but not the near-cognate CUG codon regardless of its nucleotide context during ribosomal scanning. The stimulatory effect depends on the contact between DHX29 and eIF1A. The unique DHX29 N-terminal domain binds to the ribosomal site near the mRNA entrance, where it contacts the eIF1A OB domain. UV crosslinking assays revealed that DHX29 may rearrange eIF1A and eIF2α in key nucleotide context positions of ribosomal complexes. Interestingly, DHX29 impedes the 48S initiation complex formation in the absence of eIF1A perhaps due to forming a physical barrier that prevents the 43S PIC from loading onto mRNA. Mutational analysis allowed us to split the mRNA unwinding and codon selection activities of DHX29. Thus, DHX29 is another example of an initiation factor contributing to start codon selection.

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Hu, Y., Y. Xing, X. Hu, and N. Li. "P6020 Deficiency of Trim63 leads to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in pig." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_4 (September 1, 2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4158x.

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Vega-Sánchez, Miguel E., Dominique Loqué, Jeemeng Lao, Michela Catena, Yves Verhertbruggen, Thomas Herter, Fan Yang, et al. "Engineering temporal accumulation of a low recalcitrance polysaccharide leads to increased C6 sugar content in plant cell walls." Plant Biotechnology Journal 13, no. 7 (January 14, 2015): 903–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12326.

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Cnops, J., V. Bockstal, C. De Trez, M. C. Miquel, M. Radwanska, and S. Magez. "Curative drug treatment of trypanosomosis leads to the restoration of B-cell lymphopoiesis and splenic B-cell compartments." Parasite Immunology 37, no. 9 (September 2015): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pim.12209.

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Simons, Jessica L., Lauren T. Wesolowski, Pier L. Semanchik, Chloey P. Guy, Audrey Earnhardt, Charles L. Long, George A. Perry, Ron D. Randel, Thomas H. Welsh, and Sarah H. White-Springer. "25 Temperament and Age Impact Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Capacities in Angus Steers." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.017.

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Abstract Temperament impacts skeletal muscle mitochondria in Brahman heifers, but this relationship has not been investigated in Angus steers. We hypothesized mitochondrial measures would be greater in temperamental than calm steers, in the trapezius (TRAP) than the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, and would increase from 13 to 18 mo of age. Samples from calm (n = 13), intermediate (n = 12), and temperamental (n = 13) Angus steers were evaluated for integrative (per mg tissue) mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (P) and electron transfer (E) capacities by high-resolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures (time) and fixed effects of time, muscle, temperament, and all interactions. Leak, P with complex I (PCI), maximal coupled P (PCI+II), maximal noncoupled E (ECI+II), and E with complex II (ECII) decreased from 13- to 18-mo-old (P < 0.0001). Integrative PCI+II, ECI+II, and ECII were greater in the TRAP than LT (P0.005). Leak respiration was greatest in intermediate steers at 13 mo of age (P< 0.0001) but was unaffected by temperament at 18-mo-old. Additionally, ECI+II was greatest in temperamental steers (P0.05) and tended to be greater in intermediate than calm steers (P = 0.1) at 13-mo-old. Overall, PCI, PCI+II, and ECII were greater in temperamental than calm steers (P0.05). ECII was also greater (P = 0.03) and PCI and PCI+II tended to be greater (P0.08) in intermediate than calm steers. The contribution of leak (FCRLeak) and PCI (FCRPCI) to total ECI+II decreased (P < 0.0001) while the contribution of PCI+II (FCRPCI+II) and ECII (FCRECII) to E increased (P0.006) from 13- to 18-mo-old. FCRLeak and FCRPCI were greater (P0.01) and FCRPCI+II tended to be greater (P = 0.08) in the LT than the TRAP. FCRLeak was lowest in temperamental (P0.03) while FCRPCI+II was lowest in calm steers (P0.05). Temperament clearly impacts skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacities and efficiency of energy production in Angus steers, which may be related to product quality at harvest.

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Standiford, T. J., S. L. Kunkel, N. W. Lukacs, M. J. Greenberger, J. M. Danforth, R. G. Kunkel, and R. M. Strieter. "Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha mediates lung leukocyte recruitment, lung capillary leak, and early mortality in murine endotoxemia." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.3.1515.

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Abstract Systemic exposure to LPS initiates a complex sequence of events resulting in organ-specific leukocyte recruitment and end-organ injury. We hypothesized that macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), a C-C chemokine with leukocyte chemotactic and activating properties, may play an important role in lung inflammatory cell recruitment, subsequent lung injury, and mortality in endotoxemia. CD-1 mice were challenged with LPS (200 micrograms), resulting in a maximal 3.5-fold increase in neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)) at 6 h post-LPS, and a 2.6-fold increase in numbers of macrophages (M phi) within lung minces at 24 h. A time-dependent increase in MIP-1 alpha mRNA and protein was detected in lung after LPS treatment, with immunolocalization of MIP-1 alpha to blood and lung M phi, and the subendothelium. The pretreatment of mice with rabbit anti-MIP-1 alpha Ab resulted in a decrease in the influx of PMNs at 6 h, and influx of M phi at 24 h post-LPS challenge, an approximately 65% reduction in LPS-induced lung permeability to Evans blue, and a modest decrease in mortality at 24, but not 48 h post-LPS. Furthermore, passive immunization of mice with anti-MIP-1 alpha serum resulted in a 35% reduction in ICAM-1 mRNA levels within lung homogenates post-LPS. Finally, the pretreatment of animals with sTNFR:Fc (soluble TNF receptor:Ig construct) resulted in a 60% reduction in LPS-induced MIP-1 alpha mRNA expression within lung homogenates at 4 h post-LPS. Our studies indicate that MIP-1 alpha plays an integral role as a mediator of both PMN and M phi recruitment in murine endotoxemia.

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Ghosh, Sagar, Yunzhe Lu, Adam Katz, Yanfen Hu, and Rong Li. "Tumor suppressor BRCA1 inhibits a breast cancer-associated promoter of the aromatase gene (CYP19) in human adipose stromal cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, no. 1 (January 2007): E246—E252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2006.

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Adipose tissue provides an important extragonadal source of estrogen. Obesity-associated elevation of estrogen production increases risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Aromatase ( CYP19), which converts androgen to estrogen, is a key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis. In normal adipose tissue, transcription of the aromatase gene is initiated from a relatively weak adipose-specific promoter (I.4). However, in breast cancer, a switch of promoter utilization from I.4 to a strong ovary-specific promoter, PII, leads to increased aromatase expression and, hence, elevated estrogen production. Here, we report an intriguing relationship between the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 and aromatase expression in human adipose stromal cells (ASCs). Upon stimulation by phorbol ester or dexamethasone, increased aromatase expression in ASCs was accompanied by significant reduction of the BRCA1 level. In addition, adipogenesis-induced aromatase expression was also inversely correlated with BRCA1 abundance. Downregulation of BRCA1 expression in response to various stimuli was through distinct transcription or posttranscription mechanisms. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of BRCA1 led to specific activation of the breast cancer-associated PII promoter. Therefore, in addition to its well-characterized activities in breast epithelial cells, a role of BRCA1 in modulation of estrogen biosynthesis in ASCs may also contribute to its tissue-specific tumor suppressor function.

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Sashidhar, Niharika, Hans J. Harloff, Lizel Potgieter, and Christian Jung. "Gene editing of three BnITPK genes in tetraploid oilseed rape leads to significant reduction of phytic acid in seeds." Plant Biotechnology Journal 18, no. 11 (April 13, 2020): 2241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13380.

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Quilis, Jordi, Belén López-García, Donaldo Meynard, Emmanuel Guiderdoni, and Blanca San Segundo. "Inducible expression of a fusion gene encoding two proteinase inhibitors leads to insect and pathogen resistance in transgenic rice." Plant Biotechnology Journal 12, no. 3 (November 18, 2013): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12143.

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Khan, Sujoy. "Does immunoglobulin therapy have a role in treating Dengue virus infection with induced systemic capillary leak syndrome?" Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care 01, no. 04 (July 28, 2015): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pic-12039.

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Barkauskas, Deborah, Jay Myers, Youmna Othman, and Alex Huang. "Imaging the initial cellular events in EAE. (123.26)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 123.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.123.26.

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Abstract Limitations in current techniques to capture rare immune cell events have hindered the characterization of the initiation and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). With the cranial window and intravital two-photon microscopy techniques, we followed the initial dynamic and sequential cellular processes preceding EAE development. Disease progression was imaged daily in the first 12 days post EAE induction in either CX3CR1-GFP or CD11c-GFP transgenic mice containing adoptively transferred naïve ubiquitin-CFP myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) specific T cells. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was assessed by i.v. injection of fluorescent dextran or quantum dots. We hypothesize that lymphocyte accumulation follows an initial transient BBB leak caused by pertussis toxin-initiated inflammation, with subsequent accumulation and activation of microglia and perivascular antigen presenting cells (APCs) facilitating the tissue-specific infiltration of MOG-specific T cells into the brain parenchyma via intra-luminal contact. Indeed, our sequential imaging experiments demonstrated transient leaks in BBB at the pia surface within the first 4 days post EAE induction, local APC accumulation from days 2 to 6, followed by T cell infiltration adjacent to local CNS vessel leak. Future work involves further defining the cellular and molecular regulation of CNS peri-vascular microenvironment responsible for cross-BBB attraction of MOG-specific cells.

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Yamashita, M., D. N. Darlington, E. J. Weeks, R. O. Jones, and D. S. Gann. "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 rises after hemorrhage in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 268, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): E1065—E1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.6.e1065.

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Large hemorrhage leads to hypercoagulability, a phenomenon that has never been well explained. Because an elevation of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 increases procoagulant activity, we have determined whether plasma PAI activity and tissue PAI-1 mRNA are elevated after hemorrhage. Sprague-Dawley rats were bled (20 or 15 ml/kg) 4 days after cannulation. Plasma PAI activity was determined by the capacity of plasma to inhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator activity. Changes of PAI-1 mRNA in various tissues were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography after reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Hemorrhage (20 ml/kg) significantly elevated plasma PAI activity at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after hemorrhage and PAI-1 mRNA in liver at 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after hemorrhage. The PAI-1 message was also significantly elevated in lung, heart, and kidney at 4 h after hemorrhage. The increases of PAI-1 mRNA after 20 ml/kg hemorrhage were significantly greater than those after 15 ml/kg hemorrhage. These findings indicate that large hemorrhage can induce the increases in PAI activity and PAI-1 message and suggest that induction of PAI-1 may be involved in the thrombogenic responses observed after large hemorrhage.

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Palaniswamy, Harunipriya, Divya P. Syamaladevi, Chakravarthi Mohan, Anna Philip, Anushya Petchiyappan, and Subramonian Narayanan. "Vacuolar targeting of r-proteins in sugarcane leads to higher levels of purifiable commercially equivalent recombinant proteins in cane juice." Plant Biotechnology Journal 14, no. 2 (July 16, 2015): 791–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12430.

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Crabtree, John H., and Raoul J. Burchette. "Peritoneal Dialysis Access and Start Practices that Affect Dialysate Leak and Technique Failure: Acts of Commission and Omission." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 37, no. 4 (July 2017): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00010.

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Mazerolles, F., C. Barbat, C. Hivroz, and A. Fischer. "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase participates in p56(lck)/CD4-dependent down-regulation of LFA-1-mediated T cell adhesion." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 4844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.11.4844.

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Abstract The mechanism inducing cell detachment in Ag-independent adhesion between lymphocytes is poorly understood. Different putative CD4 ligands, anti-CD4 Ab, a DR35-46 peptide mimicking residues 35 to 46 of HLA class II beta1, and a DR134-148 peptide mimicking residues 134 to 148 of HLA class II beta2, were previously found to down-regulate LFA-1-dependent adhesion between CD4+ T cells and HLA class II+ B cells. This down-regulation was shown to be p56(lck) dependent. Here we show that binding of these ligands to CD4 induced the activation of the tyrosine kinase p56(lck) associated with CD4 and also the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-kinase) associated with the CD4-p56(lck) complex in the HUT78 cell line. These events were not detected when p56(lck) was dissociated from CD4 in cell lines expressing mutated forms of CD4. It was also shown, using different inhibitors of the PI3-kinase (wortmannin, Ly294002, and antisense oligonucleotides), that this lipid kinase was necessary for the down-regulation of LFA-1-mediated adhesion induced by CD4 binding. These results strongly suggest that CD4-induced PI3-kinase activation, in the absence of concomitant TCR/CD3 triggering, leads to down-regulation of LFA-1-mediated T cell adhesion to B cells. The mechanism by which PI3-kinase could exert its effect remains unknown. Since PI3-kinase has previously been found to participate in the regulation of cytoskeleton structure, we propose that p56(lck)-associated PI3-kinase activation leads to a cytoskeleton organization unfavorable for LFA-1 function.

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Khandal, Hitaishi, Santosh Kumar Gupta, Vikas Dwivedi, Drishti Mandal, Nilesh Kumar Sharma, Niraj Kumar Vishwakarma, Lalita Pal, et al. "Root‐specific expression of chickpea cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 6 leads to enhanced root growth, drought tolerance and yield without compromising nodulation." Plant Biotechnology Journal 18, no. 11 (September 2020): 2225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13378.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PII leaks'

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