Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pihat'

The first part of this study describes the diglossic situation that holds between French and the local languages of the region of Pilat (France): Occitan and Franco-provençal. An evaluation of the proportion of dialect speakers in the different parts of the region is proposed on the basis of fieldwork carried out over ten years in 25 villages. The process of shift from the local languages to French during the XXth century is sketched out. A study of the actual use of the local languages shows that it is very limited today. A typology of speakers is then established, taking into account the degree of acquisition of the local language, the exposure to it, and the frequency of its use. The analysis of the linguistic awareness of the different types of speakers, their evaluation of the number of speakers, as well as of their own competence and that of the others point to serious disagreements. Those reveals the desintegration of the linguistic community, through a splintering that accelerates further the abandoning of the local languages. The dialectological study, based on several phonetic, morphological and lexical characteristics, with map illustrations, allows the description of the remote encounter of Occitan and Francoprovençal in that region as well as the recent influence of French on both today. This influence, which is more or less important today according to the parts of the region studied, can be related to the dates of the language shift from local languages to French in each of these parts
La première partie de cette étude décrit la situation de diglossie entre le français et les parlers occitans ou francoprovençaux du Pilat (France). Des enquêtes effectuées sur dix ans dans 25 villages permettent de proposer une évaluation de la proportion des dialectophones dans les différentes parties du domaine. Les processus de remplacement des parlers locaux par le français au cours du XXe siècle sont retracés. La description de l'usage actuel de la langue locale indique que son emploi est aujourd'hui très limité. Une typologie des locuteurs est ensuite établie, à partir de leur degré d'acquisition et d'exposition à la langue locale, de leurs compétences et de leur taux d'utilisation de cette langue. L'analyse de la conscience linguistique des différents types de locuteurs, leurs évaluations du nombre de dialectophones, de leurs propres compétences ou de celles d'autrui montrent de profonds désaccords. Ils révèlent la désagrégation de la communauté linguistique, un morcellement qui accélère encore l'abandon des parlers locaux. L'étude dialectologique, basée sur plusieurs caractéristiques phonétiques, morphologiques ou lexicales et illustrée par la cartographie, permet de décrire la rencontre ancienne entre l'occitan et le francoprovençal dans cette région, ainsi que l'influence récente du français. Cette influence plus ou moins importante selon les régions du domaine étudié peut être mise en relation avec la date du renversement linguistique entre parlers locaux et français dans chacune de ces régions

Cette recherche est née d'une interrogation sur le lien entre des concepts environnementaux omniprésents dans la communication de grandes structures internationales ou nationales et leur reprise dans la communication d'une structure à caractère plus local. Ainsi la biodiversité illustre ce mécanisme : en 2010, l'ONU déclarait l'Année Internationale de la Biodiversité et mettait en place une campagne de communication très bien relayée par les médias ; cette même année, le Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat lançait officiellement son Observatoire de la Biodiversité. On cherche dans cette thèse à montrer comment la communication environnementale se professionnalise dans la structure du Parc et comment elle devient ainsi un enjeu fort pour celui-ci ; non plus uniquement pour des raisons de message à transmettre, mais également, dans un contexte de plus en plus concurrentiel, pour des raisons de financements à obtenir. La biodiversité est donc réinvestie dans une perspective stratégique dans la communication du Parc du Pilat. L'observation des dispositifs de communication du Parc pose en outre la question de leur rôle dans la construction d'une identité pour l'organisation. Cette identité, loin d'être fixe, semble, suite aux observations menées, être en perpétuelle adaptation aux situations d'interactions selon qu'elles nécessitent la création d'un monde commun ou d'un espace de différenciation. On montrera ainsi comment la biodiversité, concept communicationnel au discours très défini par l'ONU dans sa campagne, est à la fois adaptée aux besoins identitaires de la communication du Parc dans un discours original, mais aussi mobilisée comme cadre normalisé dans une stratégie d'identification
The central theme of this thesis arose from questions about the links between key environmental concepts in international and national communication and their impact on communication at local level. Biodiversity indeed perfectly illustrates such interactions insofar as the UN launched 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity – which was widely covered by the media –, while the Regional Natural Park of Pilat chose the same year to develop its Biodiversity Observatory project. This study aims at showing that environmental communication is becoming more professional in the Park for which such concerns have now become a major issue. Not only is communication crucial to have messages delivered, but it has become a strategic tool for financing purposes in a context of increasingly fierce competition. The stakes of biodiversity have been reinvested into the communication strategy of the Pilat Park. The observation of the communication devices of the Park also raises the question of their role in building an identity for the organization. According to the research we conducted, far from being fixed, this identity seems to be constantly adapting to interaction situations, depending on whether they require the creation of a common world or of a differentiation space. We will thus explain how biodiversity – which is a concept very clearly defined by the UN in its campaign speeches –, is both adapted to the identity needs of communication of the Park in an original discourse, and used as a standardized framework in an identification strategy

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Em 1976, o Estado brasileiro iniciou um novo modelo de subsídio às empresas que ofereciam alimentação aos empregados formalmente contratados, instituindo um Programa de Incentivo Fiscal à Alimentação do Trabalhador (PIFAT/PAT), operando-o por três diferentes mecanismos tributários. Poucos estudos anteriores analisaram as condições de possibilidade de sua construção social. Visando suprir essa lacuna, foi realizado estudo sócio-histórico apoiado na sociologia reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu. Com essa finalidade, foram realizadas análises documentais, 21 entrevistas em profundidade e 3 estruturadas. Os documentos analisados foram obtidos em instituições públicas e privadas e complementados em buscas na internet. Para o estudo em profundidade das disposições, foi selecionada uma amostra intencional de agentes envolvidos na gênese do programa, identificados através da estratégia de bola de neve. Foi constatado que o PIFAT/PAT emergiu no interior do campo burocrático, mas em articulação com agentes do campo econômico, principalmente executivos de grandes indústrias e de empresas de refeições coletivas do estado de São Paulo. Seu idealizador foi o médico e nutrólogo David Luiz Boianvsky que, convertendo seu capital social junto ao ministro do trabalho da época (Arnaldo da Costa Prieto) em capital burocrático, possibilitou o início do programa. Os capitais mais importantes para a gênese foram o capital político do ministro do trabalho e os capitais burocrático, administrativo privado e militante dos demais agentes, potencializados pelo capital social. O PIFAT/PAT representou uma ruptura com o modelo anterior (o SAPS), ao deslocar a alimentação do trabalhador do controle do Estado para o interior das empresas. Foi possível identificar que em torno dessa ação se desenvolveu um espaço social específico, onde estavam em jogo tanto as questões ligadas à forma e ao montante do benefício fiscal quanto quem era competente para definir as características da alimentação do trabalhador e quem deveria ser credenciado para fornecer suas refeições.
Salvador

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
A partir de una concepci?n de la educaci?n como una obra de arte, la disertaci?n revela los estudios realizados en una escuela de la comunidad de Areia Branca Piat?, en la Laguna de Piat? en Ass?, Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Como una forma de hacer dialogar conocimientos cient?ficos y saberes tradicionales, la investigaci?n establece el intercambio de saberes y afectos sobre todo por intermedio del intelectual de la tradici?n Francisco Lucas da Silva. Para construir un conocimiento pertinente (Edgar Morin), el que forma parte de un contexto, buscamos aqu? la comprensi?n de una pedagog?a viva e imaginativa. La disertaci?n encontr? en la Laguna un laboratorio vivo para pensar en una ense?anza educativa y para ejercer el pensamiento complejo. A partir de estudios e investigaciones anteriores, pude organizar lo que considero que se constituye como constelaciones de saberes que permiten dar continuidad a ese eje de investigaci?n que empez? desde 1986 en el Grupo de Estudios de la Complejidad GRECOM. En la construcci?n de este trabajo, pude aprender valores que creo que son importantes para una educaci?n compleja: la humildad delante de la vida; la abertura para diferentes lenguajes del mundo; el di?logo con la naturaleza; la apuesta en nuestras creencias; el sue?o de resignificar a la realidad a partir del lazo entre la profundidad de nuestro ser y el mundo; el uso pleno de nuestras potencialidades imaginativas y creativas; y, finalmente, la vivencia intensa de los sentidos. Partiendo de ese aprendizaje, la investigaci?n te?rico‐pr?ctica tuvo como elemento central el desarrollo de talleres sobre el tema del agua con alumnos de la ense?anza b?sicas de diversas series, y con la participaci?n activa de dos profesoras de la comunidad de Areia Branca Piat?. Fueron llevadas adelante experiencias que contemplaron una visi?n sist?mica de la naturaleza, las fotograf?as, los atelieres, las clases de campo, el arte de educar, la narraci?n de historias y sobre todo las ense?anzas del intelectual de la tradici?n Francisco Lucas da Silva
A partir da concep??o da educa??o como uma obra de arte, a disserta??o traz ? tona os estudos realizados em uma escola da comunidade de Areia Branca Piat?, na Lagoa do Piat? em Assu‐RN. Como uma forma de fazer dialogar conhecimentos cient?ficos e saberes da tradi??o, a pesquisa estabelece a troca de saberes e afetos, principalmente por meio do intelectual da tradi??o Francisco Lucas da Silva. Para construir um conhecimento pertinente (Edgar Morin), aquele que est? inserido num contexto, busca‐se aqui a compreens?o de uma pedagogia viva e da imagina??o. A disserta??o teve na Lagoa um laborat?rio vivo para pensar um ensino educativo e para exercitar o pensamento complexo. A partir de estudos e pesquisas anteriores pude organizar o que considero se constituir em constela??es de saberes que permitem dar continuidade a esse eixo de pesquisa que se iniciou desde 1986 no Grupo de Estudos da Complexidade GRECOM. No percurso de constru??o deste trabalho, pude aprender valores que acredito serem importantes para uma educa??o complexa: a humildade diante da vida; a abertura para diversas linguagens do mundo; o di?logo com a natureza; a aposta nas nossas cren?as; o sonho para ressignificar a realidade a partir da liga??o entre a profundeza do nosso ser e o mundo; o pleno uso das nossas potencialidades imaginativas e criativas; e por fim, a viv?ncia intensa dos sentidos. Partindo dessa aprendizagem, a pesquisa te?rico‐pr?tica teve por centralidade o desenvolvimento de oficinas por meio da tem?tica da ?gua com alunos do ensino fundamental multisseriado, e com a participa??o ativa das duas professoras da comunidade de Areia Branca Piat?. Foram desenvolvidas experi?ncias que contemplaram a vis?o sist?mica da natureza, as fotografias, os ateli?s, as aulas‐passeio, a arte de educar, a narra??o de hist?rias, e principalmente os ensinamentos do intelectual da tradi??o Francisco Lucas da Silva

Parce que la préservation et la valorisation des héritages culturels et l’aménagement du territoire font partie de leurs missions, les Parcs naturels régionaux sont des acteurs du patrimoine depuis leur création à la fin des années 1960. Le territoire du Pilat, labellisé parmi les premiers, en 1974, représente un terrain pertinent pour poser la question de la prise en compte de cet enjeu au sein du projet de territoire. En outre, un PNR doit faire face à la nécessité que les habitants s’approprient le territoire, ce dernier étant une production collective.Au regard des différentes chartes du Syndicat mixte, ce travail se propose ainsi de décortiquer la construction progressive d’une politique patrimoniale et d’identifier les évolutions du rapport entretenu entre le Parc naturel régional et les associations locales, acteurs au cœur des processus de patrimonialisation et d’appropriation de l’espace avec un double objectif : à la fois historique et géographique.Cette étude envisage, premièrement, de présenter les acteurs en présence : le Syndicat mixte du PNR du Pilat et le tissu associatif pilatois. La démonstration s’articule ensuite autour des quatre projets successifs du territoire.La méthodologie employée s’appuie sur l’analyse d’archives écrites et orales, des observations de terrain, notamment grâce au dispositif de Convention Industrielle de Formation de Recherche (CIFRE) et la réalisation d’une enquête sociologique.Nos résultats montrent que, à chaque temporalité, correspond une thématique plus particulièrement prise en compte dans le projet de territoire. La politique patrimoniale s’est construite en saisissant des opportunités. L’association locale de patrimoine, relais en direction des habitants, représente l’acteur local privilégié pour participer à la mise en œuvre de ces politiques. Ceci fait directement écho à la volonté actuelle du PNR de faire participer les habitants du Pilat
Because the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage and territory Development are part of their missions, the Regional Parks are heritage stakeholders since their inception in the late 1960s. The Pilat territory, labeled among the first in 1974, represents a relevant field to ask for the inclusion of this key issue within the territory project. In addition, a regional park is facing the need that residents appropriate the territory, the latter being a collective output.Under the Syndicat mixte various charters, this work proposes thus to dissect the heritage policy progressive construction and identify changes in the maintained ratio between the Regional Park and local associations, actors at the heart of the heritage process and space appropriation with a dual purpose : both historical and geographical.This study intends, first, to introduce the involved stakeholder: the regional park of Pilat and its community. Then, the demonstration is hinging on the four successive projects of the territory.The methodology is based on written and oral archives’ analysis, field observations, especially thanks to the Search Convention Industrial Training (CIFRE) device and the sociological survey realization

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O experimento foi conduzido na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria (Embrapa) Gado de Corte, Campo Grande-MS, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho e comportamento ingestivo diurno de bezerras Nelore em sistemas integrados, em pastagem de capim-piat? (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piat?) com ?rvores de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urograndis clone H13) em diferentes densidades. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com duas repeti??es. Os tratamentos da parcela corresponderam a um fatorial 3x2, sendo tr?s sistemas integrados (iLP, sem ?rvores; iLPF14, com 357 ?rvores/ha; e iLPF22, com 227 ?rvores/ha) e duas alturas de pastejo (alto e baixo). Os tratamentos da subparcela corresponderam a duas ?pocas do ano (ver?o e outono). Na subparcela, os tratamentos terci?rios consistiram nos per?odos do dia: manh? (das 6 ?s 12h00) e tarde (das 12h01 ?s 18h00). As observa??es do comportamento foram realizadas em fevereiro e mar?o de 2011, em quatro dias consecutivos, durante os per?odos de 6 as 12h00 (manh?) e de 12h01 as 18h00 (tarde), em intervalos de 10 minutos, em dois animais-teste por piquete. A maior densidade de ?rvores em sistemas de integra??o lavoura-pecu?ria-floresta (iLPF) proporciona menor tempo de pastejo ao sol e de ingest?o de ?gua pelos animais em pastejo, sem, no entanto, proporcionar diferen?as nas produtividades individuais e do sistema. Os animais permaneceram maior tempo de pastejo ? sombra no per?odo da tarde, evidenciando a busca por melhor conforto t?rmico nos momentos mais quentes do dia.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011.
ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted at Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria (Embrapa) Beef Cattle, Campo Grande-MS, with the objective of evaluating the performance and diurnal ingestive behavior of Nelore heifers in integrated systems, in Piata pasture grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv . Piata BRS) with eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus urograndis clone H13) at different densities. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with two replications. The plot treatments consisted of a 3x2 factorial, with three integrated systems (ILP without trees; iLPF14, with 357 trees/ha, and iLPF22, with 227 trees/ha) and two grazing heights (low and high). The subplot treatments consisted of two seasons (summer and fall). In the subplot, the other treatments consisted of the two periods of the day: morning (from 6 to 12:00 am) and afternoon (from 12:01 to 6:00 pm). The behavioral observations were conducted in February and March 2011, on four consecutive days, during periods of 6 to 12.00 (morning) and 12:01 to 6:00 (afternoon) at intervals of 10 minutes in two test animals, by paddock. The highest density of trees in integrated crop-livestock-forest (iLPF) provides lower time grazing at sun and water intake by animals; without, however, provide differences in individual and system productivities. The animals have spent more time grazing in the shade in the afternoon, highlighting the search for better thermal comfort in the hottest moments of the day.

In the North of Thailand, known as Lanna, dynamic musical change is an inevitable corollary of people’s needs to adapt to new social and musical preferences. In Phayao Province, where this research is focused, contemporary piphat ensembles have long been developing, particularly through the uptake of Western musical instruments and tuning system, applying electronic equipment and computer karaoke, and transforming Lanna repertory. This thesis explores how the refashioning of traditional music has become the very foundation of creativity in live performance. Nowadays, Phayao’s piphat musicians all direct their artistry towards the provision of modern mass- media influenced entertainment, even as they sustain their traditional roles of performing at funerals, fon phi spirit dance ceremonies and temple festivals. In these contexts, their music helps give form to the attendee’s experiences, sometimes promoting solemnity and, at other times, stimulating revelry. In this thesis, based on empirical data acquired using personal engagement, participant observation, interviews, and filming, I chart the successes and hardships that the Phayao province piphat ensembles have experienced in the face of changing social, economic and aesthetic contexts, and argue that adaptability has been the musicians’ key to continued relevance. This adaptability relates not only to the music-making itself but also to the social networks that support it. In Phayao, the piphat musicians are ceaselessly re-negotiating complex patterns of alliance and rivalry, seeking to make their interactions and business dealings run smoothly. While collaboration has ensured the survival of piphat, competition has sometimes ignited fierce conflict, and this study also shines light on these dynamics. Furthermore, undertaking a detailed analysis of original transcriptions, this thesis explains how the piphat musicians balance tradition and innovation in their artistry, re- interpreting older repertory from Central Thailand and Lanna by adding tertian harmonies and new instrument-specific roles, and playing favourites from the lukthung pop repertory – taking piphat far beyond its original musical and social limitations.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Os sistemas de integra??o s?o modelos de produ??o sustent?veis que visam melhor uso dos recursos naturais e insumos, gerando maior diversidade de produtos para o produtor rural aumentar sua renda. Estes sistemas s?o mais complexos, pois agregam o componente agr?cola, pecu?rio, e, tamb?m, o florestal em uma mesma ?rea, exigem maior controle do manejo das forrageiras e intera??es com o ambiente, que t?m efeito na produ??o de produtos de origem animal. Objetivou-se avaliar as caracter?sticas da pastagem e o desempenho produtivo de bovinos da ra?a Nelore, em dois sistemas de integra??o, ILP e ILPF, nas esta??es de ver?o e inverno. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande-MS, em ?rea experimental com dois sistemas, um de integra??o lavoura-pecu?ria-floresta (ILPF) com 227 ?rvores/ha de Eucalyptus urograndis e outro de integra??o lavoura-pecu?ria (ILP) com ?rvores nativas remanescentes, ambos com pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piat?. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas consistiram em dois sistemas de integra??o (ILP e ILPF) e, as subparcelas, nas esta??es do ano (inverno e ver?o). A produ??o de massa seca (PMS) de forragem foi maior no ILP (3.412 kg/ha) que no ILPF (2.308 kg/ha). Para o ganho de peso vivo (GPV) e o ganho m?dio di?rio, n?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos ILP 238,6 kg/ha; 475,4 g/cab. dia) e ILPF (268,7 kg/ha; 581,4 g/cab. dia). O desempenho animal n?o foi prejudicado pela menor massa seca de forragem no ILPF, na esta??o de ver?o. Os valores de prote?na e DIVMO da folha foram maiores no ILPF.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018.
Integrated systems are sustainable production models that aim at better use of natural resources, generating greater diversity of products for the rural producer to increase their income. These systems are more complex, since they add the agricultural component, livestock, and also the forest in the same area, require greater control of forage management and interactions with the environment, which have an effect on the production of animal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage production and animal performance of Nellore cattle in two integrated systems, ICL (integrated crop-livestock) and ICLF (integrated crop-livestock-forestry) in summer and winter season. The experiment was perfomed at Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande - MS, in an experimental area with two integrated systems, crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) with 227 trees/ ha of eucalyptus urograndis and crop-livestock (ICL) with 5 remnant native trees, both with pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piat?. The experimental design consisted of two complete integration systems (ILP and ILPF), and the subplots, in the seasons (winter and summer). Forage dry matter production (PMS) was higher in ILP (3,412 kg / ha) than in ILPF (2,308 kg/ ha). For the live weight gain (GPV) and average daily gain, no significant differences (P> 0.05) were found between ILP treatments 238.6 kg/ ha; 475.4 g/ cab. day) and ILPF (268.7 kg/ ha, 581.4 g/ day). Animal performance was not affected by the lower dry mass of forage in the ILPF, in the summer season. The protein and IVDOM of leaf were higher in ILCF.

Our purpose with this study is to examine free play from a gender perspective. We explore in which ways free play is free, as well as how pedagogues view their own role in free play alongside, their views on gender and how these impact upon their actions. The study seeks, to contribute to a greater understanding of free play and what factors influence it, so that pedagogues may gain a greater understanding and use free play in the best way possible for children. The study is based on the following questions: ·      Free play, how free is it? ·      How is gender expressed in free play when it comes to social interaction and children’s interaction with materials? ·      In what way do pedagogues assumptions about gender reveal themselves when supervising free play? For this study we used qualitative methods combining six interviews with preschool teachers and several observations at two different preschools. The theories used in this study is a combination of sociocultural and poststructuralist perspectives. Our results shows that generally the pedagogues had the same understanding on free play and that they are aware of the opportunities free play may provide for the children. Secondly this study shows how children use the materials provided at the preschool differently. While the boys and girls in this study use the materials to communicate and interact, the boys often did this in a more active way while the girls were more calm. Lastly, all pedagogues interviewed expressed their concerted efforts to strive towards gender equality in preschools.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The objective of this scientific work was to evaluate the tillering and mass production of Brachiaria brizantha Piat? and Marandu grasses with two statures of post-grazing. The experimental lineation was in factorial arrangement (2 pastures x 2 residue stature) with subplots (grazing cycle). The experimental period was from March to October of 2012. The target stature on pre-grazing was 50 cm and on post-grazing 15 and 25 for each cultivar. The following variables were analyzed: tiller population density, forage mass, morphological components, accumulation and accumulation rate. Three grazing cycles were obtained. Marandu grass presented larger forage mass on pre-grazing and lower stem production than piat? grass. No difference was observed between the two cultivars regarding the leaf blade production. There was no difference on forage mass, leaf blade, stem, and dead material production between the two statures of post-grazing. The pastures managed at 25 cm presented accumulation rate compared to those with 15 cm. Concerning the accumulation rate on the two cultivars, piat? and marandu grasses, Marandu grass presented higher amount than the piat? grass, and also presented higher values on the rate of basal tiller appearing on 15 cm stature post-pasture feature. Piat? grass managed at 25 cm developed smaller tiller amount on the second generation and greater tiller amount on the third generation than marandu grass. The greater tiller population density was observed on 25cm post-grazing pastures. There was no statistical difference of density between the two cultivars and between the cycles. Accordingly, it is concluded that piat? and marandu cultivars can be managed with 15cm and 25 cm post-grazing statures
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfilhamento e produ??o de massa dos capins Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piat? e cv. Marandu com duas alturas de p?s-pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi em arranjo fatorial (2 gram?neas x 2 alturas de res?duo) com subparcelas (ciclo de pastejo). O per?odo experimental foi de mar?o a outubro de 2012. A meta de altura no pr?-pastejo foi de 50 cm e no p?s-pastejo 15 e 25 cm, para cada cultivar. Foram analisadas as seguintes vari?veis: densidade populacional de perfilhos, massa de forragem, componentes morfol?gicos, ac?mulo e taxa de ac?mulo. Foram obtidos tr?s ciclos de pastejo. O capim-marandu apresentou uma maior massa de forragem no pr?-pastejo e uma menor produ??o de colmo em rela??o ao capim-piat?. N?o foi observada diferen?a entre as duas cultivares quanto ? produ??o de l?mina foliar. N?o houve diferen?a na produ??o de massa de forragem, l?mina foliar, colmo e material morto entre as duas alturas de p?s-pastejo. Ao avaliar as taxas de ac?mulos nas duas cultivares, o capim-marandu apresentou valores superiores em rela??o ao capim-piat?, sendo superior tamb?m para a caracter?stica taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos basilares na altura de 15 cm p?s-pastejo. O capim-piat? manejado a 25 cm desenvolveu uma menor quantidade de perfilhos na segunda gera??o, que ocorreu entre os meses de maio e junho, e uma maior quantidade de perfilhos na terceira gera??o, que ocorreu no m?s de agosto, em rela??o ao capim-marandu. A maior densidade populacional de perfilhos foi observada nos pastos com 25 cm de p?s-pastejo. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica no n?mero de perfilhos entre as duas cultivares e entre os ciclos. Sendo assim, conclui-se que as cultivares Piat? e Marandu, podem ser manejadas com as alturas de p?s-pastejo de 15 cm e 25 cm

The PIRAT Global Scales (Broughton, Hommel & the Parent-Infant Project, 2016) have been manualised to provide a global assessment of the infant-parent and parent-infant relationship up to the age of 2 years. They offer a shared language and understanding among health professionals from various disciplines as to what constitutes risk and resilience. Preliminary research into inter-rater reliability showed that PIRAT Global Scales provide a reliable assessment of the overall relational quality and can be used as a screening tool to identify infants at risk (Hommel, Broughton, & Target, 2014, 2015, 2016). The study evaluates PIRAT Global Scales’ psychometric properties based on the standardised 3.5 day reliability training. Further research evaluates PIRAT Global Scales’ reliability and validity on a larger sample of mother-infant dyads. The PIRAT Global Scales reliability and validity study uses data from a Parent-Infant Psychotherapy Randomized Controlled Trial. The research establishes PIRAT Global Scales’ reliability, in particular internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Furthermore, the study establishes PIRAT Global Scales’ validity compared to a number of widely used, well-validated measures of parent-infant interaction, such as the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, 2000), the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB; Feldman, 1998) and the CARE-Index (Crittenden, 2001) and indicators of risk, such as ‘Disorganized Attachment’ (Main & Solomon, 1986, 1990), low ‘Reflective functioning on the Parent Development Interview’ (PDI-R; Slade, Aber, Berger, Bresgi, & Kaplan, 2003) and high ‘Parental Stress’ assessed by the Parenting Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-SF; Abidin, 1995). PIRAT Global Scales are shown to be reliable and valid, and therefore enable the user to set their observations within a reliable and validated assessment framework of the parent-infant relationship. Implications of the research findings for the clinical use of PIRAT Global Scales in a variety of clinical settings and for future research will be discussed.

Le développement des activités d'élevage dans le monde fait actuellement l'objet de nombreuses interrogations, notamment en ce qui concerne leurs impacts sur l'environnement. Dans un tel contexte, les éleveurs peuvent être amenés à vouloir reconcevoir leurs systèmes d'élevage afin de mieux intégrer les exigences du développement durable. La modélisation systémique est un bon outil pour acquérir une vision holistique des systèmes ; j'interroge donc ses capacités à accompagner de telles dynamiques. Ma question de recherche est la suivante : " Comment modéliser le fonctionnement des systèmes d'élevage pour accompagner les éleveurs dans des processus de reconception de leurs systèmes d'élevage ? ". Pour y répondre, je mets en place une démarche comprenant deux volets complémentaires: (i) une analyse des modèles de systèmes d'élevage disponibles dans la littérature afin d'identifier leurs intérêts et leurs limites pour accompagner les éleveurs dans de telles dynamiques ; (ii) la proposition d'une méthode pour construire des modèles conceptuels du fonctionnement des systèmes d'élevage qui soient réellement structurés par la participation d'éleveurs. Cette méthode a été conçue et testée avec des groupes d'éleveurs laitiers convertis et en cours de conversion à l'agriculture biologique dans le Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat (42). Les résultats montrent : (i) qu'une modélisation participative du fonctionnement des systèmes d'élevage réalisée en petits groupes d'éleveurs est un bon moyen pour stimuler leurs réflexions individuelles et collectives, et donc pour accompagner les processus de reconception de leurs systèmes d'élevage ; (ii) que les modèles co-construits avec les éleveurs via cette démarche participative présentent, par rapport aux modèles de systèmes d'élevage disponibles dans la littérature, des qualités en matière d'intégration de différents sous-systèmes, différents points de vue disciplinaires et différentes échelles de temps. Ainsi, ma thèse offre des pistes pour renouveler les cadres d'analyse de la zootechnie des systèmes d'élevage et pour resserrer les liens entre ses deux objectifs que sont " comprendre le fonctionnement des systèmes d'élevage " et " accompagner leurs évolutions vers davantage de durabilité ". En ce sens, il s'agit de renforcer la contribution de la discipline aux innovations systémiques en élevage.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The feeding habits and biological aspects of the reproductive cycle of two-spot astyanax, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) were investigated. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis, using gillnets of 4 cm mesh size, from the Piat? Lake, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, during the period of September, 2006 to August, 2007. Physico-chemical parameters, such as, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of the lake were registered. The monthly values of rainfall also were obtained. The 360 individuals captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, and stomach weight and the stage of gonadal maturity were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion with limnological parameters and rainfall. The food items identified were separated into distinct groups according to their origin. Sex ratio and Gonadosomatic Relation of females were verified to determine the spawning period and fecundity. The physico-chemical parameters presented the following annual mean values: temperature = 28.8?C, electrical conductivity = 992.5 ?S.cm-1; dissolved oxygen = 4.9 mg.L-1 during the study period. The annual mean of the rainfall was 63.5 mm. The results indicate that this species present an omnivorous feeding habit with a tendency towards insectivory, with an increase in feeding activity during the dry season. The aquatic oxygen to interfere very importance in the feeding activity than the others factors physico-chemicals of water and rainfall. There was a predominance of females, with a sex proportion of 1M:7F. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries and testicles revealed four stages of gonadal development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. A temporal variation was observed for the gonadal development of males and females. There was reproductive activity through out the year, with peaks in the months of February, April and June to correspond with the rain of precipitation of the region. The mean fecundity was 7.681 mature oocytes, varying from 4.476 to 12.036, with mean of 7.681. There was positive relation between fecundity and body mass. Condition Factor is not an efficient indicator of the reproductive period of this species. The species A. cf. lacustris is an opportunist and is well adapted to the conditions of the semi-arid Caatinga Biome
O regime alimentar e os aspectos biol?gicos do ciclo reprodutivo da piaba-do-rabo-amarelo, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) foram investigados. Os exemplares foram capturados mensalmente, utilizando-se rede de espera com malha de 4 cm entren?s, na Lagoa do Piat?, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, no per?odo de setembro de 2006 a agosto de 2007. Foram registrados os aspectos f?sico-qu?micos, tais como, temperatura, condutividade el?trica e oxig?nio dissolvido da lagoa. Os valores mensais de pluviosidade tamb?m foram obtidos. Os 360 esp?cimes capturados foram medidos, pesados, dissecados e registrados o peso do est?mago e escala de maturidade gonadal. A an?lise do conte?do estomacal foi realizada de acordo com o m?todo volum?trico, de pontos e o m?todo de freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia, associados ao ?ndice de import?ncia alimentar. Os est?magos tiveram o grau de reple??o determinado e calculado o ?ndice de Reple??o, relacionando a atividade alimentar com a pluviosidade e os fatores limnol?gicos. Os itens alimentares identificados foram separados em grupos distintos de acordo com a sua origem. As varia??es temporais do desenvolvimento gonadal, a propor??o sexual e a Rela??o Gonadossom?tica das f?meas foram avaliadas mensalmente e estabelecidos o per?odo reprodutivo e a fecundidade. Os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos apresentaram os seguintes valores m?dios anuais: temperatura = 28,8 ?C; condutividade el?trica = 992,5 ?S.cm-1; oxig?nio dissolvido = 4,9 mg.L-1 durante o per?odo de estudo. A pluviosidade m?dia anual para a regi?o estudada foi de 63,5 mm. Os resultados indicaram que a esp?cie apresenta h?bito alimentar on?voro, com tend?ncia ? insetivoria, ocorrendo um aumento da atividade alimentar durante a estiagem. O oxig?nio dissolvido teve maior influ?ncia na alimenta??o do que os outros fatores f?sico-qu?micos e a pluviosidade. A propor??o de f?meas foi superior a de machos (1M:7F). Os aspectos macrosc?picos das g?nadas indicaram 4 est?dios de maturidade, sendo: imaturo, em matura??o, maduro e esvaziado. Houve varia??o temporal entre os sexos quanto aos est?dios de desenvolvimento gonadal. A esp?cie apresentou atividade reprodutiva o ano inteiro com picos nos meses de fevereiro, abril e junho que coincidiam com a precipita??o pluviom?trica da regi?o. A fecundidade apresentou uma amplitude de 4.476 a 12.036 ov?citos maduros, com m?dia de 7.681. A rela??o entre fecundidade e massa corporal foi positiva. O fator de condi??o demonstrou n?o ser um indicador eficiente do per?odo reprodutivo para esta esp?cie. A esp?cie A cf. lacustris ? oportunista e bem adaptada ?s condi??es do semi-?rido do Bioma Caatinga

Les chemins sont un support de travail et de loisir pour les agriculteurs, les sylviculteurs et maintes usagers qui souhaitent se ressourcer, se défouler ou partager un moment convivial. lis constituent un vecteur de rencontre et de lien entre l'homme et la nature.Cette multiplicité d'usages et d'usagers permet de faire vivre ce patrimoine qui a tôt fait de disparaitre sans intervention humaine. Cependant, la circulation des véhicules utilisés pour l'exploitation ou la randonnée, ainsi que la sur-fréquentation de certains sites touristiques accentuent l'érosion du sol de ces voies non revêtues. La plupart des plaintes transmises aux gestionnaires sont liées à ces dégradations ainsi qu'aux pratiques nuisant à la naturalité des milieux, à la sécurité du public et à [a tranquillité des riverains.Le laboratoire de géographie de l'Université Jean Monnet et le Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat ont souhaité mettre en place un dispositif d'analyse multicritère cartographique décisionnel dans le but d'objectiver et de traiter efficacement les problèmes d'entretien et de conflits signalés sur !es chemins. ·L'implication des acteurs du territoire dans la conception de ce dispositif a permis de formuler des solutions acceptables répondant aux situations concrètes insatisfaisantes localisées dans le cadre d'un diagnostic cartographique participatif sur Géo Web.Par ailleurs, des cartes de sensibilité ont été modélisées grâce à un logiciel d'analyse multicritère cartographique afin de mieux prendre en compte les risques liés à l'érosion des chemins et à la circulation des randonneurs motorisés.Le dispositif final repose sur !'utilisation de solutions Géo Web permettant d'assurer un suivi numérique et de communiquer sur l'état des sentiers
Dirt roads constitute both a work and a !eisure support for farrners, foresters and a lot of users who wish to unwind, to spend their energy or to sharc a convivial moment. They represent a vector of encounter and link between man and nature.This multiplicity of dirt roads usages and users witling to use them make it possible to keep a live this heritage, which quickly disappears without anthropogenic interventions. However, the circulation of vehicle~ used for farming or hiking, as well a~ the overcrowdîng of certain tourist sites, accentuate the soil erosion of these unpaved roads.Most of the complaints submitted to road managers are linked to these degradations as well as to practices that harm the natural environrnent, public safety and the tranquilily of local residents. The University of Jean Monnet (Saint-Etienne) and the Regional Nature Park of Pilat decided to set-up a multi-criteria decision analysis {MCDA) system in order to objectify and deal effectively with maintenance problems and conflicts arising between users.The invo!vement of territorial actors in the design of this device has made it possible to formulate acceptable solutions that respond to the unsatisfactory local situations found during a participatory cartographie diagnosis on Geo Web. Furthermore, sensitivity maps were modeled using a multi~criteria mapping software to integrate the risks associated with road erosion and the traffic of motorized hikers.The final MCDA procedure uses Geo Web solutions to provide digital tracking and information on !rails' state

L'objectif de ce Doctorat était de mettre en adéquation les ressources en eau et les besoins en eau en moyenne montagne cristalline à travers l'exemple du Pays du Gier, du Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat et S.I.C.A.L.A. " Antenne de Tence ". Ce travail fut réalisé dans un espace de moyenne montagne. Il correspond aussi bien au milieu géographique au sens strict qu'à un espace vécu par une société. D'un point de vue quantitatif, la ressource en eau peut amplement satisfaire les besoins. La ressource en eau n'est pas épuisée. La pluviométrie liée à un climat semimontagnard à montagnard est suffisante et les modes de consommation de l'eau sont assez raisonnables. Toutefois, compte tenu des caractéristiques pédologiques et géologiques et du milieu, cette ressource en eau a dû être retenue pour pouvoir alimenter la population en eau potable. Cette idée de " réserver " la ressource a germé dans l'esprit des gestionnaires il y a plus de trois cents ans. Construire des retenues artificielles fut donc une décision fondamentale. Si la balance besoins / ressources n'inspire pas le catastrophisme, il y a eu certaines périodes dans notre Histoire récente où elle fut déséquilibrée. Depuis 1975, au moins cinq épisodes majeurs de sécheresse se sont produits. La prise en compte du phénomène de sécheresse par les autorités nous a conduit à réfléchir sur la question du risque. Si les situations météorologiques propices à l'occurrence de tels épisodes sont connues, qui est aujourd'hui capable de prédire l'extension et l'intensité de tels phénomènes ? La réponse socio-politique face à la sécheresse est de plus en plus pointue et proche du territoire. Elle se traite à l'échelle du bassin versant, notion désormais omniprésente. D'un point de vue qualitatif, l'estimation de l'état de la ressource nécessiterait une analyse plus approfondie pour déterminer les causes de pollution. La société urbaine a longtemps considéré que les cours d'eau n'étaient que le réceptacle de ses déchets. Il a bien fallu prendre conscience, parfois de manière forcée, que l'Europe était en marche et exigeait une certaine qualité de vie dans le milieu. Tous les problèmes ne sont pas résolus même si de nombreux efforts ont été effectués. La contamination des sols par l'agriculture relativement intensive et par l'exploitation ancestrale des mines est un sujet d'actualité. Le contact des éléments contaminés avec l'eau reste encore un champ à exploiter.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O comportamento territorial é uma estratégia de monopolização de recursos quando esses são essenciais para o sucesso reprodutivo de um organismo. Um território é uma área de uso exclusivo, defendido contra invasores coespecíficos de mesmo sexo, resultante da interação social entre vizinhos. A territorialidade exerce importante papel no sistema reprodutivo de uma espécie, pois influencia a participação do macho na reprodução. Nesses casos, as fêmeas podem obter vantagens diretas, como sítios de nidificação e cuidado parental. O comportamento territorial também exerce influência na regulação do tamanho populacional através de uma relação entre custos e benefícios individuais: em ambientes ótimos e com alta densidade populacional, os territórios são pequenos com pouca substituição, e jovens machos têm dificuldade para conseguirem estabelecer-se. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar aspectos comportamentais do tropeiro-da-serra, espécie rara e endêmica de Floresta Atlântica, com distribuição bastante restrita. Ao longo de 18 meses na Ilha Grande (RJ), analisamos seu comportamento territorial, mensuramos os tamanhos de territórios individuais de machos e realizamos estimativas de densidade populacional. O playback foi utilizado para atestar a presença de territorialidade na espécie, para simular a aproximação de coespecíficos (interações intraespecíficas) e para induzir o deslocamento dos indivíduos até os limites de seus territórios. Para investigar as respostas comportamentais à aproximação de invasores, analisamos quantitativamente as reações dos indivíduos a estímulos sonoros (vocalização espontânea e induzida pelo playback). Os territórios individuais foram definidos em duas estações reprodutivas através do método do Mínimo Polígono Convexo (MPC) em uma área equivalente a 20ha. A densidade populacional foi definida através do número de territórios encontrados e pelo número de indivíduos vistos/ouvidos por unidade de área através de transecções lineares. As vocalizações espontâneas e induzidas ocorreram somente entre os meses de agosto a janeiro, caracterizando uma estação reprodutiva bem definida. Durante este período, os machos tornaram-se solitários e agressivos com coespecíficos; na fase não-reprodutiva, entretanto, os indivíduos mostram-se sociáveis, forrageando em pequenos grupos de até quatro indivíduos. Os resultados indicam que o território é estabelecido para a monopolização de alimento e acesso às fêmeas. Essas observações sugerem que a espécie estudada é territorialista. Foram estimados sete territórios com valores entre 0,21ha e 0,73ha (0,43 + 0,16ha). Os indivíduos apresentaram fidelidade territorial, ocupando os mesmos territórios em duas estações reprodutivas. A densidade populacional de L. lanioides apresentou flutuações ao longo do ano, com os maiores valores encontrados durante a estação reprodutiva (variando entre 0,37 e 1,84 indivíduos/ha). Flutuações na densidade populacional podem apontar migrações altitudinais motivadas por variações na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares. Concluímos que o comportamento reprodutivo de L. lanioides não se enquadra no conceito de sistema reprodutivo em leks, conhecido em outros cotingídeos (ex. Lipaugus vociferans), no qual a corte é um comportamento social, com disputa por status de dominância, e o papel do macho resume-se à cópula sem benefícios diretos para as fêmeas. Dessa forma, os resultados do presente estudo trazem informações originais sobre a biologia de L. lanioides
Territorial behavior is a strategy to monopolize resources when these are important to reproductive success of an organism. A territory is an exclusive area, defended against intruders and same sex coespecific, coming from social interactions between neighbors. Territorial behavior performs an important role in a reproductive system species as well, because it influences male contribution on reproduction. In these cases, females can get direct benefits, as nesting sites and parental care. Territoriality also interferes in population size through a costs and benefits relation: on ideal environments and highly population density, territories are small and there are few substitutions because young males have difficulties to establish territories themselves. This present study researched behavioral aspects of Cinnamon-vented Piha, an endemic and rare Atlantic forest species, with restrict distribution. Throughout 18 months at Ilha Grande, RJ, we investigate its territorial behavior, measured males individual territories sizes and estimated population density. A playback was played to attest territoriality in species, simulate coespecific approaches (intraspecific interactions) and encourage individual displacements to their territories boundaries. To investigate behaviors responses to intruders invasions, we quantified males reactions to sonorous stimulus (spontaneous and induced vocalizations by playback). Their territories were defined during two reproductive periods by Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) at an area equivalent to 20ha. Population density was defined by the number of territories found and the number of individuals seen/heard at an area unit by linear transections. On this period, males became solitary and aggressive with coespecific; in non-reproductive phase, however, they stood sociable, foraging in small groups up to four individuals. The results suggest that territories are established to monopolize food and access to females, therefore this studied species is territorialist. In total, seven territories were estimated with values between 0,21ha e 0,73ha (0,43 + 0,16ha). Individuals display territorial fidelity, preserving their territories along two reproductive seasons. L. lanioides population density ranged along the year showing highest values on reproductive season (0.37 and 1.84 individuals/ha). Fluctuations in population density can aim to altitudinal migrations motivated by variations of food resources availability. L. lanioides reproductive behavior does not fit in the reproductive leks system concept, attested in some other cotingas (eg. Lipaugus vociferans), in which courtship is a social behavior, with contests for dominance status, and male roles is restricted to copula without direct benefits for females. In this way, our results bring original information about L. lanioides biology

2014 är det supervalår i Sverige. Det innebär intensiv marknadsföring för de olika politiska intressena i många olika kanaler. För många, men kanske speciellt för unga människor, kan detta bli en förvirrande period av budskap och åsikter som på olika sätt ska värderas och tas ställning till. De politiska ungdomsförbunden riktar sig till personer mellan sex och 25 år, och hör för det mesta till ett så kallat moderparti, men har egna politiska agendor, grafiska profiler och marknadsföring. Den mesta av marknadsföringen sker genom någon slags grafiskt material, och för att de politiska budskapen verkligen ska nå fram till alla unga på bästa sätt, borde det grafiska materialet också rent visuellt tala för innehållet. Den här studien syftar till att undersöka om det finns samband mellan politik och grafiska profiler hos de politiska ungdomsförbunden. Då studier på sambandet mellan politik och grafiskt material visat sig vara ett relativt outforskat område som det är svårt att hitta exakt data om, är detta en kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Tio politiska ungdomsförbund valdes ut för granskning med grund i moderpartiernas storlek i riksdagsvalet 2010. Vidare samlades data om dessa in genom kvalitativa dokument och audiovisuella kanaler, vilket exempelvis innefattar de politiska ungdomsförbundens grafiska manualer och webbsidor. Studien visar på samband mellan politiken och de grafiska profilernas. Dessa uppstod mellan förbunden som ingår i blockpolitiken, men även mellan förbund på skilda delar av skalan som hade andra aspekter än blockpolitik gemensamt.

Syncretisms is an original composition scored for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and marimba (2-mallet minimum, 4 recommended) with an optional percussion part requiring glockenspiel and chimes, and has an approximate duration of 6 min. 45. sec. The composition combines modern western tuning, timbre, and harmonic language with organizational principles identified in music from Southeast Asia (including music from cultures found in Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia). The accompanying paper describes each of these organizational principles, drawing on the work of scholars who have performed fieldwork, and describes the way in which each principle was employed in Syncretisms. The conclusion speculates on a method for comparing musical organizational systems cross-culturally.

Genom att analysera domstolsmaterialet från rättegången mot fildelningssiten The Pirat Bay, i relation till en idéhistorisk diskussion om äganderätt, har uppsatsen funnit att den liberala tanketraditionen och dess juridiska institutioner står inför en betydelseglidning vad gället begreppsparet ”Egendom” och ”Stöld”. Det har visat sig att Lockes naturtillstånd, varseblivningen av ”det oändliga” på jorden, har skiftat plats; från ”naturen” ut till ”cyberspace”, vilket har resulterat i att fildelningstekniken skapat en ny matematik som omöjliggör tidigare egendomsdefinition.