Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pigments

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pigments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Pigments"

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Bacarji, Edgar, Fabíolla Xavier Rocha Ferreira, Larissa Alves de Souza, and Henrique Santiago de Camargo. "BLOCOS MODULARES NÃO CONVENCIONAIS COM SUBPRODUTOS DE BRITAGEM: INFLUÊNCIA DE PIGMENTOS INORGÂNICOS." REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil 19, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/reec.v19i1.74966.

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RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adição dos pigmentos inorgânicos nas cores vermelha, amarela e verde em blocos destinados à construção modular. Os blocos foram fabricados com o traço 1:5 (cimento: agregados totais), em massa, utilizando como agregados areia artificial, fíler e micro fíler; todos, subprodutos de britagem. Foram incorporados 0% (traço de referência), 5%, 10% e 15% dos pigmentos em relação à massa do cimento e em substituição parcial ao fíler. Para a confecção dos blocos, utilizou-se uma prensa hidráulica com capacidade de prensagem de 8,0 tf. Foram determinadas as densidades dos blocos e realizados os ensaios de absorção total de água e de resistência à compressão. Além disso, com o fim de analisar os efeitos dos pigmentos sobre a porosidade dos blocos, foram realizados ensaios de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), que indicaram uma microestrutura mais densa para os blocos que apresentaram menor absorção total de água. Verificou-se ainda que o efeito da adição dos pigmentos varia conforme o formato dos grãos e porcentagem de pigmento. Os blocos que tiveram melhores desempenhos mecânicos foram os com 5% de pigmento amarelo, 10% e 15% de pigmento verde e 15% de pigmento vermelho, todos estes com desempenhos superiores ao desempenho dos blocos de referência, sem pigmento. ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of inorganic pigments in red, yellow, and green colors in blocks intended for modular construction. The blocks were manufactured with the mix 1:5 (cement: total aggregates), in mass, using artificial sand, filler and micro filler as aggregates; all crushing by-products. Reference mix (0%) and 5%, 10% and 15% of the pigments were incorporated in relation to the cement mass and in partial replacement of the filler. To make the blocks, a hydraulic press with a pressing capacity of 8.0 ton was used. Block densities were determined, and total water absorption and compressive strength tests were performed. Furthermore, to analyze the effects of pigments on the porosity of the blocks, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests were carried out, which indicated a denser microstructure for the blocks that showed lower total water absorption. It was also found that the effect of adding pigments varies according to the shape of the grains and the percentage of pigment. The blocks that had the best mechanical performance were those with 5% of yellow pigment, 10% and 15% of green pigment and 15% of red pigment, all of which performed better than the reference blocks without pigment.
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Lin, Lan, and Jianping Xu. "Production of Fungal Pigments: Molecular Processes and Their Applications." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9010044.

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Due to the negative environmental and health effects of synthetic colorants, pigments of natural origins of plants and microbes constitute an abundant source for the food, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The demands for natural alternatives, which involve natural colorants and natural biological processes for their production, have been growing rapidly in recent decades. Fungi contain some of the most prolific pigment producers, and they excel in bioavailability, yield, cost-effectiveness, and ease of large-scale cell culture as well as downstream processing. In contrast, pigments from plants are often limited by seasonal and geographic factors. Here, we delineate the taxonomy of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments, with a focus on the biosynthesis of four major categories of pigments: carotenoids, melanins, polyketides, and azaphilones. The molecular mechanisms and metabolic bases governing fungal pigment biosynthesis are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the environmental factors that are known to impact the synthesis of different fungal pigments. Most of the environmental factors that enhance fungal pigment production are related to stresses. Finally, we highlight the challenges facing fungal pigment utilization and future trends of fungal pigment development. This integrated review will facilitate further exploitations of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments for broad applications.
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LYONS, ANTHONY V., and GREGG REED. "Pigmented aqueous barrier coatings." November 2020 19, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.11.551.

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The desire for more sustainable packaging has led to the development of new packaging materials that are fiber based. Aqueous coatings are a pathway to improve the recyclability of these materials. Pigments used in these coatings can improve the performance of the coating and reduce cost while further improving the recyclability. Mineral pigments are also considered to be compost neutral. In this paper, we provide the reader a better fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which pigments work in barrier coatings. A pigment’s mineralogy and physical characteristics are important to how it will perform, and there have been recent pigment developments that improve coating performance. This paper shows that some pigments are better than others in particular barrier applications. Also, pigmented base or pre-coats can be used to prepare the surface for more highly functional coatings that go on top, improving the barrier function of packaging material and reducing overall cost. Finally, the converting operation is of major importance in driving formulation choices for barrier applications.
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Leow, M. E. L., R. K. K. Ow, S. Valiyaveettil, M. H. Lee, and R. W. H. Pho. "Colourfast pigments in silicone hand and maxillofacial prostheses." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 26, no. 2 (August 2002): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640208726635.

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This study addresses the clinical problem of long-term discolouration of silicone hand and maxillofacial prostheses. Seven (7) pigment hues, considered essential for achieving a suitable tissue colour-matched prosthesis, were compared for their colourfast property, across three selected proprietary formulations. In all, a series of 21 pigments, were tested for colourfastness. The pigments, presenting as suspensions (PS), pastes (PP) and dry pigments (PD), were exposed, over nine months, to ultraviolet light, elevated temperatures and varying concentrations of salinity. Colour change of the pigments was measured and expressed as Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) (L∗, a∗, b∗) units. Pigment discoloration was significantly attributed to ultraviolet light. Pigmented and clear silicone samples showed a “yellowing” (+Δb∗) effect. Lighter pigments became darker (-ΔL∗) in shade. Pigment samples at the elevated temperature of 50°C showed significant but small colour change (?E, 0.77 to 3.63). Only the master blue pigment (PS-4) recorded a higher ?E, 6.26 at 50°C. At a moderate temperature of 35°C, both pigmented and clear silicone test samples remained relatively colourfast. Comparison was made to control samples, stored in darkness, at 26°C. The pigments were generally colourfast (ΔE<6 units) to saline solutions of 0.15M and 5.0M concentrations. Only the monastral red (PD-3) pigment recorded a ΔE of 9.33, in 0.15M normal saline, simulating the vulnerability of this pigment to the salinity of human sweat. Pigment hues were systematically ranked according to colourfastness. Pigment suspensions were more colourfast than pigment pastes.
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Ramesh, Chatragadda, V. R. Prasastha, Mekala Venkatachalam, and Laurent Dufossé. "Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation." Fermentation 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8090460.

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Pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria, and microalgae have been gaining more demand in the food, leather, and textile industries due to their natural origin and effective bioactive functions. Mass production of microbial pigments using inexpensive and ecofriendly agro-industrial residues is gaining more demand in the current research due to their low cost, natural origin, waste utilization, and high pigment stimulating characteristics. A wide range of natural substrates has been employed in submerged fermentation as carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance the pigment production from these microorganisms to obtain the required quantity of pigments. Submerged fermentation is proven to yield more pigment when added with agro-waste residues. Hence, in this review, aspects of potential pigmented microbes such as diversity, natural substrates that stimulate more pigment production from bacteria, fungi, yeast, and a few microalgae under submerged culture conditions, pigment identification, and ecological functions are detailed for the benefit of industrial personnel, researchers, and other entrepreneurs to explore pigmented microbes for multifaceted applications. In addition, some important aspects of microbial pigments are covered herein to disseminate the knowledge.
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Lebeau, Juliana, Thomas Petit, Mireille Fouillaud, Laurent Dufossé, and Yanis Caro. "Alternative Extraction and Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Azaphilone Red Pigments and Ergosterol Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Fungal Talaromyces sp. 30570 Strain with Industrial Relevance." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121920.

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Many species of Talaromyces of marine origin could be considered as non-toxigenic fungal cell factory. Some strains could produce water-soluble active biopigments in submerged cultures. These fungal pigments are of interest due to their applications in the design of new pharmaceutical products. In this study, the azaphilone red pigments and ergosterol derivatives produced by a wild type of Talaromyces sp. 30570 (CBS 206.89 B) marine-derived fungal strain with industrial relevance were described. The strain was isolated from the coral reef of the Réunion island. An alternative extraction of the fungal pigments using high pressure with eco-friendly solvents was studied. Twelve different red pigments were detected, including two pigmented ergosterol derivatives. Nine metabolites were identified using HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS as Monascus-like azaphilone pigments. In particular, derivatives of nitrogen-containing azaphilone red pigment, like PP-R, 6-[(Z)-2-Carboxyvinyl]-N-GABA-PP-V, N-threonine-monascorubramin, N-glutaryl-rubropunctamin, monascorubramin, and presumed N-threonyl-rubropunctamin (or acid form of the pigment PP-R) were the major pigmented compounds produced. Interestingly, the bioproduction of these red pigments occurred only when complex organic nitrogen sources were present in the culture medium. These findings are important for the field of the selective production of Monascus-like azaphilone red pigments for the industries.
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Widyaningrum, D., N. F. Sadek, D. Cecilia, R. A. Oktafika, and F. Tedjakusuma. "The effect of temperature and encapsulation on the stability of microalgae pigments." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012090.

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Abstract Microalgae pigments are gaining interest in food industry applications as food additives by providing color and health benefits such as antioxidant properties. The pigment’s sensitivity to heat, pH, oxygen, and other conditions may reduce or lose its function in food products. Due to the sensitivity and instability of microalgae pigment, strategies are needed to protect and retain pigment from reducing their functions. Thirty-two research papers related to the topic published during 2012-2022 were employed in the review. This review focuses on astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, and β-Carotene from Dunaliella salina, as widely known microalgae pigments. This paper provides information about the effect of temperature during processing and storage on the stability of the pigments. Strategies to improve pigment stability by encapsulation were also discussed. The study concluded that temperature is one of the essential factors that affects microalgae stability. Furthermore, encapsulation may provide a potential solution to protect and maintain the stability of microalgae pigments.
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Kohl, Miroslav, Fouzy Alafid, Karolína Boštíková, Anna Krejčová, Stanislav Slang, Dominik Řezníček, Radim Hrdina, and Andréa Kalendová. "Preparation and Testing of Anti-Corrosion Properties of New Pigments Containing Structural Units of Melamine and Magnesium Cations (Mg2+)." Coatings 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2023): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111968.

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This paper deals with the properties and testing of newly prepared organic pigments based on melamine cyanurate containing magnesium or zinc cations depending on their composition and anticorrosive properties in model coatings. Organic pigments based on melamine cyanurate with Mg2+ in the form of a complex differing in the ratio of melamine and cyanurate units were prepared. Furthermore, a pigment based on melamine citrate with magnesium cation Mg2+, a pigment based on melamine citrate with magnesium cation, and a pigment based on melamine cyanurate with zinc cation were prepared. The properties of Mg-containing organic pigments were also compared with those of selected magnesium-containing inorganic oxide-type pigments. The above-synthesized pigments were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the basic parameters that are indicative of the applicability of the pigments in the binders of anti-corrosion coatings were determined. The anti-corrosive properties of the tested pigments were verified after application to the epoxy-ester resin-based paint binder in three different concentrations: at pigment volume concentrations of 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%. The anticorrosive effectiveness of pigmented organic coatings was verified by cyclic corrosion tests in a salt electrolyte fog (NaCl + (NH4)2SO4) in an atmosphere containing SO2 and by the electrochemical technique of linear polarization. Finally, the effect of the structure of the pigments on the mechanical resistance of the organic coatings was investigated. The results obtained showed that the new organic pigments exhibit anticorrosive properties, and at the same time, differences in performance were found depending on the structure of the pigments tested. Specifically, the results of cyclic corrosion tests and the electrochemical technique of linear polarization clearly demonstrated that synthesized pigments of the organic type based on melamine cyanurate containing magnesium or zinc cations ensure the anti-corrosion efficiency of the tested organic coatings. The highest anti-corrosion efficiency was achieved by the system pigmented with synthesized melamine cyanurate with magnesium cation (C12H16MgN18O6), whose anti-corrosion efficiency was comparable to the anti-corrosion efficiency of the tested inorganic pigment MgFe2O4, which was prepared by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis. In addition, these organic coatings achieved high mechanical resistance after being tested using the most used standardized mechanical tests.
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P. Nanaware, Jayashri, Shah K.S., and Pathade G.R. "Isolation and Screening of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Soil and Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Pigments." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.004.

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Pigments are colored compounds that play important roles in various biological systems, such as photosynthesis, vision, and signalling. Pigment-producing bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that can produce a wide range of pigments with different colors and properties. The present study is aimed to isolate the pigment-producing bacteria from the soil with the antibacterial activity of pigments. Soil samples were collected from nearby Karad city. All eight different pigmented colonies were isolated that produced the pigments like Yellow, Red, Golden Yellow, and Orange and they were designated as YP-I, YP-II, YP-II, GYP-I, GYP-II, RP-I, RP-II, and OP. The isolated organisms were characterized with the help of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The pigments were extracted with a solvent like chloroform and the antibacterial activity of the extract was tested against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracted pigments had an inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. The pigments of isolates designated as YP-III, GYP-I, GY-II, and RP-II showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli.
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Deveikaite, Goda, and Renata Zvirdauskiene. "Isolation and Characterisation of Pigments from Pigment-producing Microorganisms Isolated from Environment and Their Antibacterial Activity." Rural Sustainability Research 49, no. 344 (August 1, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2023-0001.

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Abstract In the food industry, there is always a demand for food products which are colourful, have an attractive appearance, and also have nutritional and health-enhancing properties to attract the attention of consumers. Synthetic pigments are widely used in the global market, however, they can cause many side effects such as hyperallergenicity, carcinogenicity and other toxicological problems. Recent studies have revealed that microorganisms are an abundant source of natural colours that allow the industrial production of safe, environmentally friendly biodegradable pigments. The aim of the work was to isolate pigmented microorganisms from environmental samples, select fermentation conditions, isolate pigments from microorganisms and check their antimicrobial activity. Pigments have been isolated from various sources such as soil, food waste, flour, etc. Growth parameters of pigment-producing microorganisms such as growth temperature, pH, tryptone and NaCl concentration in the medium were optimised to evaluate pigment production. After fermentation, five types of pigments were isolated by cell lysis with an ultrasonic bath and solvent extraction. The antimicrobial activity of the extracted pigments was investigated. During the study, the optimal conditions for the growth of microorganisms were determined: temperature of 30 °C, pH of 7, concentration of 3% tryptone and 6% NaCl in the culture medium. Glycerol was found as an additional carbon source, which had a positive effect on pigments production. The results of the antibacterial effect of the extracted pigments showed that P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive to the effect of the pigments. The pink-red pigment showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pigments"

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Hélot, Frédérique. "Les pigments minéraux." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P046.

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Lawani, Leonard Olu. "Characterization of the Pigment-Protein and Pigment-ester of Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Juglandis." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798279/.

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The objectives of this project were to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic method for separating the pigment esters mixture, to determine the locations of the pigment moiety in the isolated esters using pholosiphases, and to characterize the pigment-protein complex and determine its distribution in other bacteria. Saponification of the two pigment esters 1 and 2 with aqueous KOH yielded two free pigments on TLC plates developed by two solvent systems. The fasters moving of these two free pigments co-chromatographed with the one free pigment produced from each pigment ester by phospholipase A2 treatment. This suggests that the pigment molecule is a methoxy derivative of xanthomonadin and is esterified to the 2-position of the glycerol moiety of each pigment ester. No free pigment was released from phospholipases C and D treatment of the two pigment esters, indicating that pigment is not esterified to the sorbitol or phosphate moiety of pigment esters 1 or 2.
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Majmudar, R. N. "Lake pigments." Thesis(Ph.D.), University of Bombay, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3679.

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Beauquier, Myriam. "Classification et description chimique des pigments des champignons." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P026.

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Beltrán, Suito Rodrigo. "Surprisingly green: copper and its pigments." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99887.

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El premio Ig Nobel de Química 2012 fue otorgado al ingeniero sueco Johan Petterson por explicar que el cobre era el responsable de teñir el cabello de verde a los habitantes de una pequeña población sueca. En la naturaleza existen numerosos compuestos verdes de cobre, que se usan como pigmentos, y está presente también en las hemocianinas, enzimas sanguíneas de algunos artrópodos y moluscos.
The 2012 Ig Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Johan Petterson, a Swedish engineer who discovered that copper was responsible for turning hair green in a little Swedish town. Many green copper compounds used as pigments are present in nature and there are also the hemocyanins, copper-containing proteins found in the blood of some arthropods and mollusks.
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Engel, Eva. "Tattoo pigments in skin : determination and quantitative extraction of red tattoo pigments." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2008/850/.

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Kirk, Christopher J. "Pigments for the 21st century." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12528.

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Materials with potential for high temperature inorganic pigment applications (e.g. ceramics) have been synthesised using solid state methods and characterised using powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, magic angle spinning NMR, Mossbauer spectroscopy, UVNis spectroscopy and colour measurement techniques. A number of compounds containing tin (H) and niobium (V) have been modified and doped with various constituents to tailor and widen the colour properties of the bright yellow parent phases. The dark yellow (L*(91.28), a*(13.74), b*(54.76)) tin niobium oxide pyrochlores have been re-characterised using neutron diffraction techniques. These materials exhibit both cation and anion disorder caused by a stereoactive lone pair on the tin (H) metal centres. Solid state NMR and Mossbauer studies have shown the presence of tin (IV) on a symmetric site within the primary phase of the pure oxide pyrochlore and methods have been investigated to minimise the tin (H) disproportion method from where the tin (IV) is derived.
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Pegg, N. A. "Synthesis of natural fungal pigments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380151.

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Boyce, Geraldine. "Electron crystallography of organic pigments." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340747.

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Ammora, Ayham Awad. "Novel polymer-based luminescent pigments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621865.

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Books on the topic "Pigments"

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Hashimoto, Hisashi, Makoto Goda, Ryo Futahashi, Robert Kelsh, and Toyoko Akiyama, eds. Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3.

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Carothers, Milena. Pigments. [Claremont, California]: Scripps College Press, 2017.

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Nicholas, Eastaugh, ed. The pigment compendium: A dictionary of historical pigments. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

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Nicholas, Eastaugh, ed. The pigment compendium: A dictionary of historical pigments. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

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Nicholas, Eastaugh, and State University College at Buffalo. Dept. of Art Conservation, eds. The pigment compendium: Optical microscopy of historical pigments. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, 2004.

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Babington, Mary F., Anna Docktor, Tonia P. Bell, and Lori L. Mort. Dyes & pigments. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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Roy, Suzanne, Carole Llewellyn, Einar Skarstad Egeland, and Geir Johnsen, eds. Phytoplankton Pigments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511732263.

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Lewis, Peter A. Organic pigments. Philadelphia, PA, USA (1315 Walnut St., Philadelphia 19107): Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 1988.

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Ahluwalia, V. K. Natural pigments. Oxford, U.K: Alpha Science International, 2010.

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W, Goodwin T., ed. Plant pigments. London: Academic Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pigments"

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Paitio, José, and Yuichi Oba. "Bioluminescence and Pigments." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 149–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_5.

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Futahashi, Ryo, and Mizuko Osanai-Futahashi. "Pigments in Insects." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 3–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_1.

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Kimura, Tetsuaki. "Pigments in Teleosts and their Biosynthesis." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 127–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_4.

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Hashimoto, Hisashi, Makoto Goda, and Robert N. Kelsh. "Pigment Cell Development in Teleosts." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 209–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_7.

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Miyazawa, Seita, Masakatsu Watanabe, and Shigeru Kondo. "Theoretical Studies of Pigment Pattern Formation." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 293–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_9.

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Owen, Jennifer, Christian Yates, and Robert N. Kelsh. "Pigment Patterning in Teleosts." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 247–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_8.

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Moriyama, Minoru. "Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Insect Color Change Towards Understanding Molecular Links." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 451–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_15.

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Arnheiter, Heinz, and Julien Debbache. "Development of Melanin-Bearing Pigment Cells in Birds and Mammals." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 185–208. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_6.

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Yoshioka, Shinya, and Toyoko Akiyama. "Mechanisms of Feather Structural Coloration and Pattern Formation in Birds." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 343–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_11.

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Goda, Makoto, and Takeo Kuriyama. "Physiological and Morphological Color Changes in Teleosts and in Reptiles." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 387–423. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pigments"

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Hewagama, H. L., G. M. T. K. Somarathna, L. Herath, and S. E. Peiris. "Living Colours: Development of Microbial Culture Collection for Use as Microbial Colour Pigments in Textile Dyes." In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ccoj7801.

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The textile industry is one of the largest worldwide polluters of clean water due to the heavy use of synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are harmful to aquatic life and to human health. To overcome this, natural dyes are being explored as a healthier and more eco-friendly alternative. Several advantages such as ease of extraction, availability, high yields and no seasonal variation make microbial pigments the most ideal source of natural pigments. This study was done to isolate colour pigment producing bacteria and fungi from soil collected from organic farms from various locations in Sri Lanka. In total, 9 pigment producing bacteria and 3 pigment producing fungi were isolated. Gause’s synthetic agar yielded the most pigmented isolates. Extracellular pigments produced by 5 of the bacterial isolates were extracted by a water based method. The antibacterial activity of the pigments in their crude and concentrated forms was tested using the well diffusion method against E.coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P. Inhibition zone against S.aureus was observed for both crude (12.33±0.58mm) and concentrated pigments (9.67±0.58mm) extracted from purple pigment producing bacterial isolate (BPU). This pigment has the potential to be used in antibacterial textile preparation. Extracted pigments were used to dye scoured cotton fabric with the use of 3% alum as mordant. Pigment from BPU isolate resulted in better coloured fabric.
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Rousu, Sanna M., Patrick A. C. Gane, and Dan E. Eklund. "Influence of Coating Pigment Chemistry and Morphology on the Chromatographic Separation of Offset Ink Constituents." In The Science of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2001.2.1115.

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This work is aimed at characterising the chromatographic action of some typical paper coating pigments in relation to the separation and fractionation of offset printing ink components during absorption into the coating void structure, with particular emphasis given to the chemical and structural parameters of the pigments. The separation phenomenon was studied experimentally using primarily large-scale model systems based on a modified thin-layer chromatography method. The separation of the ink constituents was detected directly from the absorption path using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) microscopy. The coatings were characterised for their physical properties using mercury porosimetry, and the absorbing fluids for their viscosity and surface energy. The ink-coated paper contact on the realistic scale was evaluated using the concept of ink-on-paper tack development. Coating pigments used in the work included typical paper coating grade ground calcium carbonates, fine clays of different origins, as well as talc and precipitated calcium carbonate. The choice of pigments provided the possibility to investigate independently the chemical and physical aspects of pigment properties on the constituent fluid separation. Ink chemicals included representatives of the most typical offset ink components; namely mineral oil, linseed oil, ink resins and ink pigment. A blend of mineral and linseed oils was used as the main test fluid. The differential interaction or adsorption-desorption on the pigments leads to separation of the mixture of mineral and vegetable (in this case linseed) oils as they are absorbed into the pigment coating structure, where the more polar linseed oil is preferentially retarded in the structure composed of the more polar pigments. The degree of the separation is directly proportional to the surface area of the pigment within a group of chemically and morphologically identical pigments. It is also affected by the surface chemistry of the pigment but more so in comparing dispersed and undispersed pigments, and polar versus non-polar rather than between the chemically different hydro- philic dispersed pigments. Pigment morphology strongly influences the macroscopic flow behaviour due to changes in physical porous structure (pore size, porosity, tortuosity). The macroscopic flow behaviour, which is affected by all of the above mentioned structural and chemical parameters of both the solid and liquid phases, proved to be a universal parameter determining the separation efficiency of the oils by affecting the retention time. Added ink resins in the oil mix retards the overall absorption rate of the oils, but does not affect the separation tendency of the oils in most of the cases studied, except in cases where less polar pigments or dispersions are involved. Adding latex into the coating structure, on the other hand, creates an additional gradient for separation of the oils as oil diffusion into the latex provides further selectivity.
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Neitz, Maureen, Jay Neitz, and Gerald H. Jacobs. "Genes and encoded M-cone pigments from two types of protanope." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mw3.

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Small differences in spectral peak among cone pigments appear to underlie several different human color vision polymorphisms. We recently identified three amino acid substitutions that can account for spectral differences among X-encoded pigments. Each of these appears to produce spectral shifts of specific magnitudes. The one that produces the smallest spectral shift (5–7 nm) is a serine for alanine substitution at amino acid position 180. This substitution may be responsible for cone pigment variations among color normal observers (Science, 252, p. 971). We have tested the hypothesis that this same substitution causes spectral variation in the M pigments of protanopes. Spectral sensitivities of protanopes were measured using ERG flicker photometry. We found two types of protanope (in a sample of seven); one phenotype has an M pigment with a spectral peak of 530 nm and the other has a pigment with a 537-nm peak. The amino acid sequences of the M pigments, deduced from nucleotide sequences of genes from one of each of the two protanope phenotypes, differ at position 180 just as predicted. These results confirm that this substitution produces a 5–7-nm shift in human cone pigments. Several different color vision polymorphisms may be caused by this single substitution.
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Sebag, Annabel. "PIGMENTS." In SA '17: SIGGRAPH Asia 2017. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3145631.3145678.

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Alince, B. "Optimization of Pigment Performance in Paper." In Fundamentals of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker and V. Punton. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1989.1.495.

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The apparent light-scattering coefficient of a given pigment in filled papers depends on the state of pigment dispersion and the beating level of fibers. This effect is seen on handsheets containing pigments deliberately introduced either as individual particles or as aggregates; well dispersed T102 is optically superior and its contribution to the total light scattering increases with fiber beating. In order to achieve retention of dispersed pigment particles and to avoid their flocculation caused by polymeric retention aid, the pigment, prior to its addition to the fiber suspension, can be treated with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Since pigment introduction results in tensile strength loss, which is most pronounced with dispersed particles, a plot of optical properties versus tensile strength provides a means for evaluating the pigment effectiveness and for comparing different pigments.
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Neitz, Maureen. "Molecular genetics of red-green color vision." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fm2.

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Genes encoding cone pigments sensitive to middle-to-long wavelengths lie in a head-to-tail tandem array on the X-chromosome. Although two X-encoded genes, one for long-wavelength-sensitive pigments and one for middle-wavelength-sensitive pigments, are sufficient to serve trichromatic color vision, most people have more than two such genes. The arrangement, location, and degree of homology of the pigment genes promote recombination within the tandem arrays. Such recombination events produce pigment-gene complements that differ in the number and sequences of individual genes and in the interrelationships between genes. The accumulation of recombination-generated changes over the span of evolutionary time has culminated in a large number of X-encoded photopigment gene complements in the human population. It is, thus, not surprising that there are widespread variations in human color vision.
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Neitz, Jay, Maureen Neitz, and Gerald H. Jacobs. "The Molecular Genetic Basis of Polymorphism in Normal Color Vision." In Advances in Color Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acv.1992.fb1.

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People with normal color vision don't all have the same complement of cone pigments. Individual differences in the spectral sensitivities of cone pigments have been studied extensively through the examination of color matches (e.g. Neitz and Jacobs, 1986, 1990; He and Shevell, 1990; Webster and MacLeod, 1988). However, the exact nature of the cone pigment differences among color normals, and their cause, is still poorly understood.
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Navesova, Yu V., M. N. Krakhalev, and T. A. Zotina. "THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NEMATIC DOPED WITH PLANT PIGMENTS." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-196.

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The interaction between the complex of photosynthetic pigments from hornwort and the nematic liquid crystal LN-396 was investigated. It was found that a set of pigments induces twist in the nematic structure, with a helical twisting power of β = −2,84 µm−1. The study demonstrated that the liquid crystal orients the pigment molecules, which exhibited linear absorption dichroism with an extremum in the spectral range of 400–520 nm.
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Ershov, Sergey Valentinovich, Alexey Gennadievich Voloboy, and Sergey Georgievich Pozdnyakov. "Extraction of Characteristics of Solid Pigments from Paint Samples." In 33rd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2023-146-156.

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Modern automotive paints have a complex structure and consist of a variety of pigments including the solid ones. There are many tasks related to the correct color reproduction of the automotive paints. But the most practical one is the color matching: obtaining of paint composition needed to get the specified color. This task can be solved with help of lighting simulation inside paint structure. But we have to know optical properties of the paint pigments to do so. In the paper we propose and verify robustness of several different methods to extract pigment properties from the measured BRDFs. All methods are based on fitting of calculated visual appearance to the measured one. The methods differ in sets of the real paint samples which have to be prepared to extract pigment data. We describe operation of the methods and verify their robustness. It happened that among proposed methods one is much more accurate, while others produced significant errors.
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Neitz, Jay, Maureen Neitz, and Gerald H. Jacobs. "More than three cone types in normal color vision?" In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fm6.

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Normal human color vision is usually thought to be based on only three spectrally different cone types. However, two facts suggest the possibility that some color-normal males could have more than three cone pigment types: (1) Most people with normal color vision have more than two photopigment genes on each X-chromosome and (2) there appear to be genetically specified variations in spectral positions of the normal middle-wavelength-sensitive (MWS) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) pigments. For example, a male might have one gene encoding an LWS pigment and two genes encoding slightly different MWS pigments. If all three different X-encoded genes were expressed in different cones, then this person would have four spectrally different cone types. How firm is the assumption that more than two of the X-encoded pigment genes can be expressed? Both analysis of the statistics of photopigment gene number among different color vision phenotypes and analysis of the arrangement of pigment genes on the X-chromosome yield insight into this aspect of photopigment gene expression. These analyses suggest that individuals with multiple pigment genes on the X-chromosome may express more than two of those genes.
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Reports on the topic "Pigments"

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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Travis Thornell, Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu, Dane Wedgeworth, Hayden Hanna, Robert Jones, Alison Thurston, and Robyn Barbato. Characterization of pigmented microbial isolates for use in material applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46633.

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Organisms (i.e., plants and microorganisms) contain pigments that allow them to adapt and thrive under stressful conditions, such as elevated ultraviolet radiation. The pigments elicit characteristic spectral responses when measured by active and passive sensors. This research study focused on characterizing the spectral response of three organisms and how they compared to background spectral signatures of a complex environment. Specifically, spectra were collected from a fungus, a plant, and two pigmented bacteria, one of which is an extremophile bacterium. The samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dis-criminated using chemometric means. A top-down examination of the spectral data revealed that organisms could be discriminated from one an-other through principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, there was a strong distinction between the plant and the pigmented microorganisms. Spectral differences resulting in samples with the highest variance from the natural background were identified using PCA loading plots. The outcome of this work is a spectral library of pigmented biological candidates for coatings applications.
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Van Patten, P. G., R. J. Donohoe, J. S. Lindsey, and D. F. Bocian. Investigations of biomimetic light energy harvesting pigments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296683.

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Patterson, Philip, and William Lum. Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyses of Pigments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353710.

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Turner, Dwight L., and Walter R. Mohn. Evaluation of Water-Thinned Preconstruction Primers Containing No Metal Pigments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455804.

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Liu, Robert S., and Alfred E. Asato. Azulenic Pigments for Near IR Detection and Nonlinear Optical Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379071.

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Sugama, T., and T. Pyatina. Inorganic Corrosion-Inhibitive Pigments for High-Temperature Alkali-activated Well Casing Foam Cement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183248.

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Sugama, T., and T. Pyatina. Inorganic Corrosion-Inhibitive Pigments for High-Temperature Alkali-activated Well Casing Foam Cement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183251.

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Brand, Larry E., and F. C. Stephens. Spatial and Diel Variability in Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Pigments in Shallow Benthic Communities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628277.

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Brand, Larry E., and F. C. Stephens. Spatial and Diel Variability in Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Pigments in Shallow Benthic Communities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada631647.

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Chianelli, R. Synchroton and Simulations Techniques Applied to Problems in Materials Science: Catalysts and Azul Maya Pigments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839651.

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