Journal articles: 'Piggery'

1

Choi, E. "Piggery Waste Management." Water Intelligence Online 6 (December 30, 2015): 9781780402031. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780402031.

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Su, Jung-Jeng, Shih-Torng Ding, and Hsin-Cheng Chung. "Establishing a Smart Farm-Scale Piggery Wastewater Treatment System with the Internet of Things (IoT) Applications." Water 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061654.

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The conventional piggery wastewater treatment system is mainly a manual operation system which may be well managed by experienced technicians. However, the pig farmers must simultaneously manage their pig production as well as their on-farm wastewater treatment facility. For this study, Internet of Things (IoT) applications were introduced on a 1000-pig farm to establish a smart piggery wastewater treatment system, which was upgraded from a self-developed fully automatic wastewater treatment system. Results showed that the removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids (SS) of the piggery wastewater based on the sensor data before and after water quality sensor calibration were 89%, 94%, and 93%, and 94%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Moreover, the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, and SS of the piggery wastewater based on the analytical chemical data before and after water quality sensor calibration were 93%, 89%, and 97%, and 94%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Experimental results showed that overall removal efficiency of BOD, COD, and SS of the piggery wastewater after water quality sensor calibration were 94%, 86–87%, and 96%, respectively. Results revealed that the farm-scale smart piggery wastewater treatment system was feasible to be applied and extended to more commercial pig farms for establishing sustainable pig farming.

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Chang, Chin-Feng, Li-Chun Chen, Cheng-Jer Hsieh, Kai-Chun Chang, and Jung-Jeng Su. "Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria isolated from sludge of commercial pig farms for producing methyl esters." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 10 (October 24, 2013): 2171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.474.

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The objectives of this work were to isolate and characterize the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing bacteria in enriched piggery sludge and make methyl esters from PHA for industrial applications. The strain ECAe24 isolated from piggery sludge with the highest PHA production was selected to produce PHA and then methyl ester by trans-esterification using glucose as substrate under mesophilic conditions. The final product after trans-esterification consisted of approximately 75.39% of fatty acid methyl ester and was identified as decanoic acid-3-hydroxy-methyl ester, octanoic acid-3-hydroxy-methyl ester, and some other contents. The novelty of this study is to use PHA-producing bacteria from piggery sludge to make fatty acid methyl esters which can be used as materials for producing biodiesel from piggery wastes.

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Otunaruke, EMAZIYE Peter, EMAZIYE Oghenekome, and OKPARA Oghenesuvwe. "Job Motivation and Satisfaction Among Piggery Farm Employees in Niger Delta Area Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220817.

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The research assessed empirically the economic appraisal of job motivation and satisfaction among piggery employees. Multi-stage technique of sampling was employed. Structured questionnaires were employed in data collection, and data were analyzed employing descriptive statistics and probit regression model. Productive age of 48 years that were mostly married male with secondary level of education engaged in piggery farming. Moderate family size of 9 persons and a staff strength of 15 persons involved in piggery production. The probit regression results confirmed that wages and salaries were a major determinant to job satisfaction as it was positively statistically significant while advance payment was not a major determinant as advance payment was negatively statistically significant. High wages/salaries was most motivational factor of job satisfaction. The study exposed that job satisfaction resulted to increase in farm revenue and profit. The study suggests that motivational policy of high wages/salaries proportion to work executed and other motivational variables should be enacted in the piggery industry to increase revenue and profit. Keywords: Employees, Farm, Job, Motivation, Piggery, Satisfaction.

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Li, Huankai, Yuming Zhong, Qian Lu, Xin Zhang, Qin Wang, Huifan Liu, Zenghui Diao, Chuang Yao, and Hui Liu. "Co-cultivation of Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella pyrenoidosa to improve nutrient removal and protein content by their synergistic relationship." RSC Advances 9, no. 25 (2019): 14331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01884k.

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Aiming at treating piggery wastewater and producing useful products, a novel method using a co-culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Rhodotorula glutinis in piggery wastewater was proposed in this study to improve nutrient removal and the protein content in the feed produced.

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6

KAMEOKA, TOSHINORI. "Treatment of piggery sewage." Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi 26, no. 4 (1989): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5938/youton.26.283.

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7

Qi, Fan, Yan Xu, Yi Yu, Xiaosheng Liang, Li Zhang, Hui Zhao, and Haiying Wang. "Enhancing growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and nutrient removal in diluted primary piggery wastewater by elevated CO2 supply." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 10 (February 25, 2017): 2281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.111.

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The coupling of primary piggery wastewater as a culture medium with elevated CO2 aeration is thought to be an economically feasible option for the cultivation of microalgae. However, little information is available regarding the photosynthetic characteristics of microalgae and nutrient removal from wastewater at different CO2 concentrations. It was found that elevated CO2 aeration provided sustained growth at CO2 concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% and performed best with 5% CO2 aeration in primary piggery wastewater for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth. Photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were stimulated in response to CO2 enrichment, thus increasing nutrient uptake in primary piggery wastewater, particularly total nitrogen and total phosphorus. A study of carbon-concentrating mechanism-related gene expression revealed that the levels of mRNAs, such as CAH1, LCIB and HLA3, were significantly downregulated. This represents a possible method for the reconciliation of CO2-stimulated growth with mixotrophic cultivation of C. reinhardtii in diluted primary piggery wastewater.

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8

Stephen Okhumata Dania, Adebimpe Omowumi Ayegbe, and Bright Ehijiele Amenkhienan. "Effect of different rates of sawdust - piggery compost on soil properties and yield of maize in nutrient depleted soil." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.3.1.0042.

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Compost is an important source of organic fertilizer that can be used to amend degraded soil to improve soil nutrient and crops yield. This experiment was to evaluate the effect of sawdust – piggery compost on soil properties, growth and yield of maize and it was carried out at the Ambrose Alli University Teaching and Research Farm, Emaudo, Ekpoma, Edo State. The experiment was fitted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replicates. The treatments were; control (0), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 tonnes of sawdust – piggery compost per hectares (ha-1). Data collected were analysed using ANOVA and LSD was used to separate means. Soil nutrients were below critical levels and the application of compost improved fertility status of the soil. Growth parameters, dry matter yield, cob weight, grain yield and nutrient uptake were determined. It was observed that application of Sawdust – piggery compost significantly (p 0.05) increased the growth of maize compared to control. The application of 8 to 12 tonnes of sawdust – piggery compost significantly (p 0.05) increased the plant height, leaf area and stem girth of maize compared to other treatments. The application of 8 to 12 tonnes per hectares (ha-1) of sawdust – piggery compost significantly (p 0.05) increased the cob weight, grain and dry matter yield of maize compared to other treatments, however, the application of 10 t ha-1 of compost to maize increased grain yield of maize than others rate of applications with the yield value of 4.60 t ha-1. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher with application of 12 tonnes of compost. In conclusion, the application rates of 10 t ha-1 of sawdust – piggery compost per hectare on nutrient depleted soils will improve the growth and yield of maize.

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9

Gavala, H. N., I. V. Skiadas, Nikolaos A. Bozinis, and G. Lyberatos. "Anaerobic codigestion of agricultural industries' wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0264.

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Wastewaters generated from agricultural industries are usually hard to treat due to a high organic content. The basic treatment process to be used can only be anaerobic digestion, a process with the additional advantages of (i) limited production of stabilized sludge and (ii) utilization of the produced biogas. The cotreatment of such seasonally produced wastewaters is proposed in order to secure the economically favorable and stable year-round operation of a treatment plant, with the additional benefits of smaller capital costs (due to the use of centrally located rather than distributed treatment facilities) and the exploitation of complementarity in waste characteristics (e.g. avoidance of nutrients (N,P) addition when a codigested wastewater contains nutrients in excess). A mathematical model for codigesting piggery, olive-mill and dairy wastewaters was developed based on batch kinetic experiments. An organic loading rate of 3.84 g COD/l·d was found to be safe for a digester operating on a year-round basis, fed sequentially with piggery, piggery-olive-mill and piggery-dairy wastewaters.

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10

Park, S. M., H. B. Jun, Y. J. Chung, and S. H. Lee. "Biological nitrogen removal using bio-sorbed internal organic carbon from piggery wastewater in a post-denitrification MLE process." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (March 1, 2004): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0777.

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Nitrogen removal from a piggery wastewater was investigated in a post-denitrification modified Lüdzack Ettinger (PDMLE) process. Overall hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the PDMLE, consisting of contact/separator (C/S), nitrification, denitrification and re-aerobic bioreactor was 10 days. 60% of the influent SCOD was separated in the C/S by contacting the return sludge with the synthetic wastewater, however, only 10% of the influent SCOD was separated from the piggery wastewater. Biosorption capacities of the synthetic wastewater and piggery wastewater were 800 and 150 mg/g-MLSS, respectively. In spite of the high organic and nitrogen load, nitrification efficiency was above 95%, and nitrification rate was about 180 mg-NH4+-N/L·day. The removed ΔCOD/Δnitrate ratios in the denitrification tank were 4.0 and 11.5 g-SCOD/g-nitrate, while denitrification rates were 8.4 and 2.6 mg-nitrate/day for synthetic and piggery wastewater, respectively. In the proposed PDMLE process, both bio-sorbed and bypassed organic matter could be successfully used for nitrate reduction as carbon sources and the final TN removal efficiency was as high as 95%.

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11

Eum, Y., S. W. Oa, and E. Choi. "Application of piggery waste to nightsoil plant towards sustainable development." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0561.

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Organic loads have been significantly reduced in nightsoil plants along with the employment of sewage treatment plants. Nightsoil consisting of 10% septage and showing higher ratios of alkalinity and carbon to nitrogen helped nitrification and denitrification for those combined plants with weak piggery waste. However, alkalinity and carbon addition was necessary with the weak nightsoil consisting of 80% septage when the combined influent was less than 21 g/L COD. The piggery waste could be applied at a rate of 0.5 kgTKN/oxic m3/d, but the organic load should be limited to 0.7 kgCOD/m3/d with strong piggery waste during summer in order not to exceed the reactor temperature higher than 35°C.

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12

Shen, Shu-Min, Hoei-Yuan Hwang, and Hung-Yuan Fang. "Tracking biological pollution sources using PCR-DGGE technology at Ta-An Beach." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 2235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.465.

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The environmental authority of Taiwan has announced that ocean quality standard A, with E. coli less than 1,000 CFU/100 mL is safe for swimming. Ta-An Beach in central Taiwan was found to have exceeded 1,000 CFU/100 mL, which is 51% of the total monitoring records. Sewage, piggery and duck wastewater are discharged directly into this area. The traditional pollution source trace methods did not clearly identify the pollution source. This study used PCR-DGGE technology to establish micro-organisms fingerprints from water samples using comparative analysis with microbiological composition, and then determined the possible sources of biological contamination. The E. coli colonies at all samples were processed using linear regression analysis and compared with each other. The R2 is 0.4102–0.7387 for the livestock farm and beach. This shows a positively relation. The piggery impact is more obvious. The beach microbial communities exhibited high similarity with piggery wastewater from the upstream region. We confirmed that the major pollution source for Ta-An Beach comes from piggery wastewater. The proposed method has high stability and reliability. It can be used as the basis for rapid identification of pollution sources at other beach water sites in the future.

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13

Shilton, Andy. "Ammonia volatilization from a piggery pond." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 7 (March 1, 1996): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0137.

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There is a need to improve the performance of agricultural wastewater stabilization ponds. In particular, a better understanding of the relative importance of the nitrogen removal mechanisms is required. The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude of ammonia volatilization from a piggery pond in order to determine its significance as a nitrogen removal mechanism. A model of a typical piggery pond was established and sampled for ammonia, TKN, COD and pH. A method was developed to allow the rate of ammonia volatilization to be quantified. The rates of ammonia and total nitrogen removal were established, as were the corresponding COD and pH levels over a series of pond ammonia concentrations. The rate of ammonia volatilization ranged from 355 to 1534 mg/m2.d, increasing with higher concentrations of ammonia and TKN. These rates compared well with volatilization rates from other types of piggery waste disposal. It was concluded that although it is impractical to use ammonia volatilization in its own right to achieve high levels of nitrogen removal, it does make a significant contribution to the overall nitrogen removal potential of a piggery pond system.

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14

Peng, Siyi, Jiaming Zhu, Zuohua Liu, Bin Hu, Miao Wang, and Shihua Pu. "Prediction of Ammonia Concentration in a Pig House Based on Machine Learning Models and Environmental Parameters." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010165.

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Accurately predicting the air quality in a piggery and taking control measures in advance are important issues for pig farm production and local environmental management. In this experiment, the NH3 concentration in a semi-automatic piggery was studied. First, the random forest algorithm (RF) and Pearson correlation analysis were combined to analyze the environmental parameters, and nine input schemes for the model feature parameters were identified. Three kinds of deep learning and three kinds of conventional machine learning algorithms were applied to the prediction of NH3 in the piggery. Through comparative experiments, appropriate environmental parameters (CO2, H2O, P, and outdoor temperature) and superior algorithms (LSTM and RNN) were selected. On this basis, the PSO algorithm was used to optimize the hyperparameters of the algorithms, and their prediction performance was also evaluated. The results showed that the R2 values of PSO-LSTM and PSO-RNN were 0.9487 and 0.9458, respectively. These models had good accuracy when predicting NH3 concentration in the piggery 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, and 2 h in advance. This study can provide a reference for the prediction of air concentrations in pig house environments.

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15

Andreadakis, A. D. "Anaerobic Digestion of Piggery Wastes." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0003.

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Anaerobic digestion can be an attractive and economically feasible method for the treatment of piggery wastes, provided that maximization of gas production and efficient subsequent utilization can be attained. Expedience from anaerobic digestion of domestic sludges can not be directly transferred to the design of digestion treating piggery wastes, due to the particular characteristics of the latter. The sequential anaerobic degradation of these wastes favours the adoption of short retention times for maximum gas production while at the same time satisfactory stabilization can be obtained.

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16

Imbeah, Maleena. "Composting piggery waste: A review." Bioresource Technology 63, no. 3 (March 1998): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(97)00165-x.

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17

Dumont, E., L. Hamon, S. Lagadec, P. Landrain, B. Landrain, and Y. Andrès. "NH3 biofiltration of piggery air." Journal of Environmental Management 140 (July 2014): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.008.

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18

Deans, E. A., and M. R. Evans. "Gamma irradiation of piggery slurry." Biological Wastes 21, no. 4 (January 1987): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(87)90069-3.

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19

Boursier, H., F. Beline, and E. Paul. "Activated Sludge Model No. 1 calibration for piggery wastewater treatment using respirometry." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (March 1, 2004): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0779.

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To optimise the intermittent aeration process for piggery wastewater, the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 needs to be calibrated and adapted to this specific effluent. By combining aerobic and anoxic respirometric tests, biodegradation kinetics of organic fractions in piggery wastewater could be studied. Modeling of the respirometric curves proved that the simplified hydrolysis model was sufficient for piggery wastewater treatment simulation. The hydrolysis constant (KH) and heterotrophic sludge yield (YH) were determined at temperature and pH in the ranges 10-40°C and 7-9, respectively. The constants were slightly influenced by the temperature but not significantly affected by the pH, with average values of 3 d-1 for KH, and 0.60 for YH. The anoxic respirometric tests revealed that the experimental ASM1 anoxic correction factor (ηg) was higher than one. This could be explained by the fact that the anoxic and the aerobic heterotrophic sludge yields were probably different. By fixing a value of 0.8 for ηg, the anoxic sludge yield (YHD) could be calculated at 0.53. A modified version of ASM1 for substrate biodegradation in piggery wastewater intermittent aeration process was proposed, including the separation between the anoxic and the aerobic sludge yields and a simplified hydrolysis kinetic.

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20

Park, J. B. K., and R. J. Craggs. "Biogas production from anaerobic waste stabilisation ponds treating dairy and piggery wastewater in New Zealand." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 11 (June 1, 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.357.

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New Zealand has over 1000 anaerobic wastewater stabilisation ponds used for the treatment of wastewater from farms and industry. Traditional anaerobic ponds were not designed to optimise anaerobic digestion of wastewater biomass to produce biogas and these uncovered ponds allowed biogas to escape to the atmosphere. This release of biogas not only causes odour problems, but contributes to GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and is wasteful of energy that could be captured and used. Biogas production from anaerobic stabilisation ponds treating piggery and dairy wastewater was measured using floating 25 m2 HDPE covers on the pond surface. Biogas composition was analysed monthly and gas production was continually monitored. Mean areal biogas (methane) production rates from piggery and dairy anaerobic ponds were 0.78 (0.53) m3/m2/d and 0.03 (0.023) m3/m2/d respectively. Average CH4 content of the piggery and dairy farm biogas were 72.0% and 80.3% respectively. Conversion of the average volume of methane gas that could be captured from the piggery and dairy farm ponds (393.4 m3/d and 40.7 m3/d) to electricity would reduce CO2 equivalent GHG emissions by 5.6 tonnes/d and 0.6 tonnes/d and generate 1,180 kWh/d and 122 kWh/d. These results suggest that anaerobic ponds in New Zealand release considerable amounts of GHG and that there is great potential for energy recovery.

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Anna, Akriti, B. P. Singh, Mahesh Chander, M. P. Sagar, R. S. Suman, and S. S. Pawale. "Entrepreneurial Behavior of Piggery Trainees of Pashu-Vigyan Incubator." Indian Journal of Extension Education 58, no. 1 (2022): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2022.58137.

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Entrepreneurship as a dynamic and innovative process of a country’s development hasbecome a prerequisite for supporting the government of India’s ambitious flagship programof ‘Atm-nirbhar Bharat”. The study is an ex-post facto research to ascertain theentrepreneurial behavior of the trainees who attended the entrepreneurship developmentprogramme on piggery at agri-business incubator ICAR-IVRI (Pashu-Vigyan Incubator). Apurposive sampling technique was used to select 80 trainees starting their piggeryenterprises. The data were collected through mailed e-questionnaire and telephonic follow-up. The entrepreneurial behavior was determined on nine dimensions and majority of thetrainees showed a high level of ‘cosmopoliteness’, ‘achievement motivation’, ‘riskorientation’ and coordinating ability but possessed medium level ‘information seekingbehavior’, ‘self-confidence’, ‘innovativeness’, ‘planning ability’. The entrepreneurialbehavior showed positive and significant correlation with their experience in piggery, attitudetowards scientific piggery farming, social participation, education and income. Overall highmean entrepreneurial behavior index was observed indicating a positive effect of theEntrepreneurship Development Program.

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KHIEWWIJIT, Rungnapha, Klinpratoom PANYAPING, and Pattra WONGPANKAMOL. "Nutrient Removal by Suspended and Biofilm Microalgae for Treating the Wastewater of Agro-Industrial Pig Farm." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 16, no. 10 (January 5, 2018): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.4252.

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In this study, laboratory-scale suspended and biofilm microalgal systems were constructed under outdoor climatic conditions in Northern Thailand to compare their performances on nutrient nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal and biomass production from anaerobically digested piggery wastewater. At a cultivation time of 14 days, the results showed that removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus from digested piggery wastewater in biofilm microalgal system were higher than suspended microalgal system. Biofilm system removed on average of 96 % of TKN-N and 92 % of PO43--P, whereas suspended system removed on average of 84 % of TKN-N and 87 % of PO43--P. Average biomass production achieved 1.17 g dry weight/day for suspended system, while a lower production of 0.78 g dry weight/day was found for biofilm system in which possibly due to a long harvesting frequency of every 2-weeks. Meanwhile, biofilm system has an advantage over suspended system with respect to simple biomass harvesting. This combination of findings demonstrates that biofilm microalgal system is more suitable for removing N and P from digested piggery wastewater than suspended microalgal system. Besides, biomass production in biofilm microalgal system could be further optimized by shorter harvesting frequency and partially harvesting of the biofilm biomass. This study indicates that microalgae offer the potential to recover valuable nutrient resources from piggery wastewater and use biomass for sustainable energy production or other high-value products, which will improve sustainability of agro-industrial wastewater management in the future.

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Park, Ahn, Park, Ji, and Choi. "The Effect of Mixed Wastewaters on the Biomass Production and Biochemical Content of Microalgae." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183431.

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The effect of ammonia and iron concentration in Bold Basal Medium and mixed wastewater (including pretreated piggery wastewater and acid mine drainage) on biomass production and biochemical content (lipid and ß-carotene) of microalgae (Uronema sp. KGE 3) was investigated. Addition of iron to the Bold Basal Medium enhanced the growth, lipid, and ß-carotene of Uronema sp. KGE 3. The highest dry cell weight, lipid content, and lipid productivity of KGE 3 were 0.551 g L-1, 46% and 0.249 g L-1 d-1, respectively, at 15 mg L-1 of Fe. The highest ß-carotene was obtained at 30 mg L-1 of Fe. The biomass production of KGE 3 was ranged between 0.18 to 0.37 g L-1. The microalgal growth was significantly improved by addition of acid mine drainage to pretreated piggery wastewater by membrane. The highest dry cell weight of 0.51 g L-1 was obtained at 1:9 of pretreated piggery wastewater by membrane and acid mine drainage for KGE 3. The removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and total phosphate was ranged from 20 to 100%. The highest lipid and ß-carotene content was found to be 1:9. Application of this system to wastewater treatment plant could provide cost effective technology for the microalgae-based industries and biofuel production field, and also provide the recycling way for pretreated piggery wastewater and acid mine drainage.

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Nwigwe, V. N., and B. O. Uba. "Role of Electrochemically Active Bacteria in the Treatment of Piggery and Poultry Wastewaters from Umuagwo in Ohaji Egbema Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 2085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i12.24.

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In this study, piggery and poultry wastewaters were used as agro-based industrial wastewaters to evaluate the role of electrochemically active bacteria in an anodic chamber of microbial fuel cell (MFC) with 0.1M potassium permanganate cathodic cell using salt bridge preparation. The BOD5, COD, TDS, TSS, nitrogen, phosphates, pH and conductivity served as indicative parameters for determining the wastewater treatment efficiencies (WWTE) of the MFCs. Results obtained from the WWTE reveal that the MFCs were able to reduce the piggery wastewater parameters, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, nitrogen, phosphate, pH, conductivity by 89.66, 69.57, 52.20, 69.04, 70.27, 59.57, - 4.41 and 0.99 %, respectively while the same parameters for the poultry wastewater were reduced by 82.61, 78.59, 58.03, 67.13, 70.49, 64.52, 2.70 and 28.04 %, respectively. Statistically, there were significant differences before and after treatments and between wastewater samples revealing that that the effect of treatment before and after on physicochemical parameters were different for piggery wastewater than they were for poultry wastewater. Microbes in the biofilms on the electrodes (potential exoelectrogens) include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium sp., Enterococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. while the fungal isolates include Mucor sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. in both piggery and poultry wastewaters. Thus, microbial fuel cell bacteria oxidize the organic matter leading to decontamination of the wastewater – a significant approach in addressing the public health threats of these wastes in our country.

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Banson, Kwamina, Nam Nguyen, Daowei Sun, Daniel Asare, Samuel Sowah Kodia, Isaac Afful, and Jasmine Leigh. "Strategic Management for Systems Archetypes in the Piggery Industry of Ghana—A Systems Thinking Perspective." Systems 6, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems6040035.

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Ghana is predominantly an agricultural country with a clear majority of its population depending partly or fully on agriculture for their livelihoods. Pork consumption in Ghana is on the increase and the livestock industry is a key sector of alternative agri-business for farmers looking for profitable business ventures and household income. The growth of Ghana’s domestic piggery industry has been impeded by several constraints such as inadequate information, lack of improved breeding stock, land limitations, rising feed cost and water availability. In this research, systems models provide an understanding of the interconnectedness and relationships present within the piggery industry of Ghana. The Industry’s problems were pooled together and key factors identified, whose behavior over time causes problems by developing various individual two-loop system archetypes coupled with a list of sustainable management strategies. Also, the individual variables affecting the industry were consolidated to obtain a causal loop structure and behavior-over-time graph of the piggery industry. The system archetype developed here is generic enough to explain any productivity decline and business rivalry behavior of any agribusiness industry. The proposed archetype can also help farm managers and producers to make various decisions. The system archetypes contribute effectively to understanding the root cause of challenges rather than providing quick fixes ‘now’ which gives rise to a much bigger problem to fix ‘later’. Application of CLDs models and system archetypes can help farmers and policy makers understand the behaviour of the entire complex piggery systems that will aid in more clarity and consistency in decisions and policy objectives. This will close the gap of inadequate information both to farmers and policy makers and governance. Through the archetypes and the CLDs, it has been identified that using a systemic approach in addressing the problems could lead to the provision of adequate data and management strategies for effective decision making for improving the piggery/livestock industry.

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Watson, R. D., and J. A. R. Friend. "Pig housing and human health." BSAP Occasional Publication 11 (January 1987): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001749.

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AbstractStudies in the USA, Sweden and the Netherlands have shown that workers in enclosed piggeries have high levels of respiratory injury, apparently caused or exacerbated by inhaled factors in their working environment. Three types of airborne hazard are known in piggeries — gases, dusts and infectious agents such as bacteria.Of the gases that accumulate in enclosed piggeries, carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide, are asphyxiating, while dihydrogen sulphide and ammonia are irritant and toxic. The long-term effects of exposure to subclinical concentrations of these gases and their rôle in producing chronic respiratory effects in workers are unknown.Studies have shown that organic dusts occur in enclosed piggeries at undesirably high concentrations and that a relatively high proportion of this dust is respirable. The components of these dusts consist mostly of fractions of foodstuffs and pig faeces but with significant amounts of pigskin and pig gut epithelial cells. Also microbes, especially fungi and bacteria, have been found to be numerous. Different components of piggery dust could be irritant, toxic, allergenic, inflammatory or infectious, and a single component could have more than one of these effects. Studies suggest that bacterial endotoxins are present in the dust of enclosed piggeries at concentrations that could induce respiratory diseases in workers.It is recommended that in designing piggeries more attention should be given to the health and comfort of piggery workers and that a survey be carried out immediately to assess the level of respiratory disease in British piggery workers. Also a greater effort should be put into the health education of piggery workers and managers and of those involved in piggery design. Practical and effective systems for the control of dust and gas levels in piggeries, and appropriate management techniques, need to be developed for new piggeries and for already constructed buildings, and the financial cost of poor control of dust and gas contaminants brought home to producers. Overall, a watching brief needs to be maintained on trends in the design and management of pig rearing systems for their likely impact on workers' health.

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Zhu, Wei Xing, Xiu Yi Mei, Yao Lu, and Jian Fei Zhang. "Piggery Environmental Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.865.

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According to the characteristics of piggery, such as complex environment, numerous control objects, complex wiring, a piggery environment control system based on wireless sensor networks was designed. This system consisted of the wireless network composed of various devices and sensors in piggery, the control center with ARM-LINUX and the remote control center. The energy of sensor nodes was offered by batteries in wireless sensor networks so that the power source was limited. In order to strengthen the node energy management, the LEACH algorithm was combined with AODV routing protocol, and a new optimization algorithm called LEACH-A was proposed in this paper. The wireless sensor networks execution process was divided into two phases, including cluster building and data transmission. In the two phases, the node residual energy was calculated by a weighted function and the cluster head role was changed by the size of remaining energy. NS-2 simulation results show that the proposed algorithm prolonged the lifetime of the nodes and the networks, and realized the energy optimization management.

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Soom, Solomon, Adeyinka Adebo, James Orsaa, and Miriam Ishuwa. "Comparative study of biogas production from animal wastes by anaerobic digestion." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6431.

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This study compares biogas production from cattle dung, piggery faeces and poultry wastes under different environmental conditions by anaerobic digestion as a means of managing municipal solid wastes and was conducted in the Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi from 1st August, 2011 to 13th December, 2011. A 6 Kg of each of waste was mixed with four litres of water and loaded into three locally constructed digesters. The biogas produced was measured using water displacement method after every 5 days. The result indicated that piggery feaces gave the highest yield of biogas (1.07 L/kg), followed by cattle dung (0.71 L/kg), with poultry wastes the least (0.42 L/kg) all under direct sunlight. This study shows that piggery droppings are the best substrate for biogas production and the best yield result when the process is carried out under direct sunlight. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the biogas yield of these feed stocks at 5 % level of significance. Anaerobic digestion is recommended to be explored as an environmentally friendly technology for organic waste management.

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Machete, James Buttie, and Ricks G. Chabo. "A Review of piggery manure management: generally, across western, Asian and African countries." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2020.17.

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The aim of this paper was to review the piggery waste management aspects in several countries of the world. Intensive livestock production produces significant quantities of waste that must be managed to protect water, air, and crop quality. The high demand of modern animal production has been influenced by the rapid growing populations as a result of rapid economic growth and increase in community living standards which is associated with the accelerated generation rate of solid waste causing a serious worldwide challenge. Piggery waste is said to be one of the most important causative agents of environmental pollution in most parts of the world. A growing pig population is unavoidable because it is a convenient source of protein to the growing human population and at the same time this means increasing piggery waste. Animal manure can provide nutrients for crops and fish production and input for biogas production, but if not managed, then this can also have a negative impact on the environment. Nevertheless, there are few countries who are considering legislation in relation to manure management.

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Lee, Yu-Ru, and Jen-Jeng Chen. "Optimization of simultaneous biomass production and nutrient removal by mixotrophic Chlorella sp. using response surface methodology." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 7 (December 17, 2015): 1520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.626.

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The bioprospecting of potentially mixotrophic microalgae in a constructed wetland was conducted. A locally isolated microalga, Chlorella sp., was grown to determine the effect of temperature, aeration rate, and cultivation time on simultaneous biomass production and nutrient removal from piggery wastewater using central composite design (CCD). The most important variable for the biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. was aeration rate, while that for lipid content and nutrient removal efficiency was cultivation time. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were higher than that of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from piggery wastewater. The CCD results indicate that the highest biomass productivity (79.2 mg L−1 d−1) and simultaneous nutrient removal efficiency (TN 80.9%, TP 99.2%, COD 74.5%) were obtained with a cultivation temperature of 25 °C, a cultivation time of 5 days, and an air aeration rate of 1.6 L L−1 min−1. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) were both abundant in Chlorella sp. cells under mixotrophic cultivation with piggery wastewater.

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Su, Jung-Jeng, and Yen-Jung Chen. "Monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions from farm-scale anaerobic piggery waste-water digesters." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 6 (August 2018): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000734.

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AbstractPig manure management systems in Taiwan differ from the model representing the Asian region developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The current study was undertaken to update greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors of anaerobically treated piggery waste water by operating the conventional three-step piggery waste-water treatment system from selected pig farms located in northern, central and southern Taiwan. Biogas mass flow meters were installed to the outlet of anaerobic basins prior to the biogas pressure stabilizers for direct and reliable biogas measurement. The analytic results showed that average GHG emissions were 0.088, 0.128 and 0.066 m3/head/day in the northern, central and southern pig farms, respectively. Thus, the average emission levels of methane and nitrous oxide were 14.38 and 0.055 kg/head/year, respectively, from anaerobic digestion of piggery waste water for the three pig farms. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids by anaerobic digestion process from the three pig farms was about 77, 93 and 70%, respectively.

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Sakai, T., M. Nishino, M. Hamakawa, C. S. Yoon, and T. Thirapatsakun. "A note on the effects of environmental temperature on live-weight gain during fattening of pigs." Animal Science 54, no. 1 (February 1992): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020675.

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The effect of piggery temperature on daily live-weight gain of triple cross Large White-Duroc pigs was studied. Weaning rate and fattening completion rates were similar among piglets born in different seasons of the year but the average daily weight gain was slower during the early (20 to 40 kg live weight) and intermediate (40 to 60 kg live weight) periods of fattening in the autumn-born group (T < 0·05) whilst during the late period (60 to 80 kg live weight) slower growth rates were found in the summer- and winter-born groups (P > 0·05). In the intermediate period the fastest growth rates (900 g/day) were recorded at piggery temperatures of 16 to 20°C. In the same period the slowest growth rates (602 g/day) were recorded at temperatures of 8°C or lower and at 24°C or higher. The daily live-weight gain during the intermediate period was shown to be related to piggery temperature in a curvilinear manner according to the equation Y = −2·48x2 + 90·44x + 25·37.

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Chynoweth, D. P., A. C. Wilkie, and J. M. Owens. "Anaerobic Treatment of Piggery Slurry - Review -." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 12, no. 4 (June 1, 1999): 607–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.607.

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Svoboda, I. F., and M. R. Evans. "Heat from aeration of piggery slurry." Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 38, no. 3 (November 1987): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634(87)90079-5.

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Oleszkiewicz, Ian A. "Cost-effective treatment of piggery wastewater." Agricultural Wastes 12, no. 3 (January 1985): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(85)90063-0.

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Shi, Lin, Naiyuan Liu, Gang Liu, and Jun Fang. "Bacterial Community Structure and Dynamic Changes in Different Functional Areas of a Piggery Wastewater Treatment System." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102134.

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Chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) in pig farm breeding wastewater, such as antibiotics, will soon pose a serious threat to public health. It is therefore essential to consider improving the treatment efficiency of piggery wastewater in terms of microorganisms. In order to optimize the overall piggery wastewater treatment system from the perspective of the bacterial community structure and its response to environmental factors, five samples were randomly taken from each area of a piggery’s wastewater treatment system using a random sampling method. The bacterial communities’ composition and their correlation with wastewater quality were then analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial community composition of each treatment unit was similar. However, differences in abundance were significant, and the bacterial community structure gradually changed with the process. Proteobacteria showed more adaptability to an anaerobic environment than Firmicutes, and the abundance of Tissierella in anaerobic zones was low. The abundance of Clostridial (39.02%) and Bacteroides (20.6%) in the inlet was significantly higher than it was in the aerobic zone and the anoxic zone (p < 0.05). Rhodocyclaceae is a key functional microbial group in a wastewater treatment system, and it is a dominant microbial group in activated sludge. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) had the greatest impact on bacterial community structure. Total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), PH and COD contents were significantly negatively correlated with Sphingobacteriia, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, and significantly positively correlated with Bacteroidia and Clostridia. These results offer basic data and theoretical support for optimizing livestock wastewater treatment systems using bacterial community structures.

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Liu, Jingjing, Jinliang Gao, Zhenxing Zhong, Yayun Cheng, and Beiping Zhang. "Comparison of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Microbial Distribution between Distributed-Inflow Biological Reactor and Two-Stage Anoxic/Aerobic for Piggery Wastewater Treatment." Water 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030410.

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Piggery wastewater contains high amounts of feces, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other contaminants, introducing serious pollution into water, soil, and the atmosphere. Biological treatment technology is widely used in large-scale pig farms because of its high efficiency and economical advantages. In this study, two typical biological treatment systems—a distributed-inflow biological reactor (DBR) and a two-stage anoxic/aerobic (A/O/A/O)—were adopted to treat piggery wastewater to compare the treatment performance, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and the microbial distribution characteristics. The results show that the A/O/A/O system had better removal performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) compared to the DBR system, and similarly effective at removing and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN). Using parallel factor analysis of the fluorescence excitation–emission matrix, four DOM components—namely fulvic acid-like/humic-like substances (C1), tyrosine-like substances (C2), humic-like substances (C3), and tryptophan-like substances (C4)—were tracked in piggery wastewater. Protein-like substances were significantly degraded, while humic-like substances were difficult for microorganisms to utilize. The endogenous input and humus characteristics of effluents were enhanced. Bacteroidetes (43.9% and 37.5% ) and Proteobacteria (43.1% and 56.7%) are the dominant bacteria in DBR and A/O/A/O systems. The microbial metabolites in DBR and A/O/A/O systems are mainly composed of amino acids, sugars, alcohols, and other small molecules, while those in the municipal sewage treatment plant system is mainly composed of ketones, amines, acids, lipids, and other small molecules. The results of microbial communities and metabolites can help to trace the process of biological systems treating piggery wastewater.

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Kulmakova, Nataliya, Victor Orlov, Alexander Ivanitskiy, Nadezhda Sevastyanova, and Sayana Mongush. "Pork production technology optimization based on mathematical modelling." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199106009.

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One of the ways to enhance sow productivity is to use various food supplements to stimulate digestion and uptake of the elements required for the accelerated development of animals. The list of such supplements is expanding every year and, according to experiments conducted, they yield good results. However, their controversial manifestation in the pork production process should be noted. The used supplements clearly affect this process optimality both in terms of the output and financial outlays. This work addresses the influence of protein-vitamin-mineral supplements (PVMS) on sow productivity, metabolism, and pork quality. The mathematical model has been used to substantiate the optimal alternative of the pork production technology for the PVMS under study. Addition of Provimi supplements to the pig diet has been found to enhance litter heaviness, sow milking capacity, the viability of piggery by the time of weaning, and to promote the growth of the young stock. In the bodies of piggery and sows, the use of supplements normalizes cobalt, manganese, and copper metabolism, increases the content of gamma globulins in the piggery serum, and improves pork nutritional and biological value.

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Yan, Li Long, Ying Zhang, Chuan Ju Li, and Xue Han. "Effectiveness Research of UASB Treatment Piggery Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.188.

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In order to efficient treatment swine wastewater of chemical oxygen demand(COD) of high concentration, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) of high concentration and high suspended solids (SS) , Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) were fed with piggery wastewater and investigated removal effect of COD, SS, NH4+-N, TP. The results showed that, UASB can effectively remove COD and SS in the pig farm wastewater. The corresponding removal rate was respectively 82.36% and 70%. UASB was poor on removal effect of NH4+-N and total phosphate (TP), due to the lack of anaerobic, anoxic environment. UASB is able to treatment COD and SS of piggery wastewater, but TN and TP removal efficiency need to further study.

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Svoboda, I. F., and H. J. Fallowfield. "An Aerobic Piggery Slurry Treatment System with Integrated Heat Recovery and High-Rate Algal Ponds." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1989): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0230.

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A piggery with an integrated slurry removal and treatment system with heat recovery and two algal raceways for a secondary treatment of settled treated slurry has been built. Piggery slurry from about 250 fattening pigs and 100 weaners has been aerobically treated in a continuous culture reactor at 36°C. Metabolic heat and heat from the aerator after upgrading by a heat pump was utilized for space heating in a weaner house and in one of the algal raceways. Intermittent heating had little effect upon algal productivity and effluent treatment since the system was essentially light limited. Characteristics of treated slurry and quantity of heat evolved are in good agreement with predicted values by a mathematical model.

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Su, Jung-Chieh, Szu-Ching Tang, Po-Jui Su, and Jung-Jeng Su. "Real-Time Monitoring of Micro-Electricity Generation Through the Voltage Across a Storage Capacitor Charged by a Simple Microbial Fuel Cell Reactor with Fast Fourier Transform." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 2610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132610.

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The pattern of micro-electricity production of simple two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFC) was monitored in this study. Piggery wastewater and anaerobic sludge served as fuel and inocula for the MFC, respectively. The output power, including voltage and current generation, of triplicate MFCs was measured using an on-line monitoring system. The maximum voltage obtained among the triplicates was 0.663 V. We also found that removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the piggery wastewater was 94.99 and 98.63%, respectively. Moreover, analytical results of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) demonstrated that the output current comprised alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) components, ranging from mA to μA.

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Eusébio, Ana, André Neves, and Isabel Paula Marques. "Complementary Substrates-Brewery Wastewater and Piggery Effluent—Assessment and Microbial Community Profiling in a Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104364.

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A hybrid anaerobic reactor was operated under the complementary effluents concept to reduce the unbalanced/inhibitory capacity of the provided piggery effluent. Brewery wastewater was chosen to complement piggery effluent (60:40% v/v, respectively). The HRT reduction from 6.7 to 3.0 days allowed the testing of an organic load increase from 4.5 to 10.0 g COD/L·d, which resulted in the almost doubling of biogas production. Biogas volumes (1.2 and 2.1 L/L·d, respectively) associated with its quality (>77% CH4) revealed that the hybrid anaerobic reactor responded positively to the operational changes and that piggery effluent can be advantageously digested using the brewery wastewater as the complementary effluent. The unit bottom and the packing bed were the main functional sections recognized in the hybrid. At the beginning of anaerobic digestion, bacterial populations belonged mostly to Bacteroidales (33%) and Clostridiales (35%). The process stability and the biogas quality at 3-d HRT were related to a change in the structure composition, since Flavobacteriales (18%), Bacillales (7%), Pseudomonadales (11%) and members of the Alcaligenaceae family (5%) also integrated the microbial communities. An evident change had also occurred in archaeal populations at this phase. Methanosaeta became the dominant genus (95%), confirming that acetoclastic methanogenesis was the main way for methane production.

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Eusébio, Ana, André Neves, and Isabel Paula Marques. "Structure of Microbial Communities When Complementary Effluents Are Anaerobically Digested." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031293.

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Olive oil and pig productions are important industries in Portugal that generate large volumes of wastewater with high organic load and toxicity, raising environmental concerns. The principal objective of this study is to energetically valorize these organic effluents—piggery effluent and olive mill wastewater—through the anaerobic digestion to the biogas/methane production, by means of the effluent complementarity concept. Several mixtures of piggery effluent were tested, with an increasing percentage of olive mill wastewater. The best performance was obtained for samples of piggery effluent alone and in admixture with 30% of OMW, which provided the same volume of biogas (0.8 L, 70% CH4), 63/75% COD removal, and 434/489 L CH4/kg SVin, respectively. The validation of the process was assessed by molecular evaluation through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene. The structure of the microbial communities for both samples, throughout the anaerobic process, was characterized by the predominance of bacterial populations belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, mainly Clostridiales, with Bacteroidetes being the subdominant populations. Archaea populations belonging to the genus Methanosarcina became predominant throughout anaerobic digestion, confirming the formation of methane mainly from acetate, in line with the greatest removal of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in these samples.

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Tilche, A., G. Bortone, G. Forner, M. Indulti, L. Stante, and O. Tesini. "Combination of anaerobic digestion and denitrification in a hybrid upflow anaerobic filter integrated in a nutrient removal treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0640.

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A new nutrient removal plant configuration was designed and tested in pilot-scale for the treatment of piggery wastewater. The core of the process is represented by a Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Filter where both anaerobic digestion and denitrification takes place. The pre-screened piggery wastewater is fed to the mesophilic anaerobic reactor. In the bottom of the sludge bed, anaerobic digestion and sulfate reduction are the prevalent processes. In the upper filter zone, a stream of nitrified clarified effluent is recycled and nitrates are denitrified utilizing the remaining available carbon and sulfides as electron donors. The anaerobic reactor should be slightly overloaded in order to provide VFAs for denitrification. The effluent of the anaerobic reactor is fed to the following P-removal stage, which is composed of a sludge pre-denitrification step, an anaerobic P-release step, an aerobic nitrification tank and a final settler. The pilot-plant treated 5 m3 d−1 of pre-screened piggery wastewater. The anaerobic digester (volume 15 m3) demonstrated it was to couple anaerobic digestion and denitrification. The overall plant removal efficiency was around 96% for COD, 92% for nitrogen and 92% for phosphorus. The anaerobic digester contributed 80% to the overall denitrification capacity.

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Shi, Yunfen, and Huimin Ren. "VSS Degradation Kinetics in High Temperature Aerobic Digestion and Microbial Community Characteristics." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (April 23, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8131820.

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Piggery wastewater is a kind of high concentration organic wastewater with high concentration of pollutants, large amount of emissions, and serious environmental pollution and is difficult to deal with. Piggery wastewater was treated with autothermal hyperthermia aerobic digestion process (ATAD) and its biodegradation kinetics was studied. The ATAD system was automatically heated up and the reaction temperature rose from ambient temperature of 20°C to a maximum temperature of 64°C. Based on Arrhenius formula, the empirical model is obtained through dimensional analysis. The removal of volatile suspended solids (VSS) was correlated with the initial VSS concentration, water inlet temperature, aeration rate, and agitation rate in the model. In the empirical model, the apparent activation energy was 2.827 kJ·mol−1. The exponentials for the initial VSS concentration, aeration rate, and stirring rate were 1.0587, −0.0976, and −0.1618, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the exponential factor was 0.9971. The VSS removal efficiency predicted by the model was validated with an actual test, showing a maximum relative deviation of 8.82%. Sludge systems show a lower diversity of microbial populations and Bacillus occupies a very important position in the reactor. The data obtained will be useful for optimizing piggery wastewater treatment process. The new model provided good theoretical guidance with good practicality.

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Wei, Xinyu, Bin Li, Huazhong Lu, Enli Lü, Jiaming Guo, Yihong Jiang, and Zhixiong Zeng. "Numerical Simulation of Airflow Distribution in a Pregnant Sow Piggery with Centralized Ventilation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 11556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211556.

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(1) Background: The thermal environment in a pregnant sow piggery is affected by physical parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, and airflow velocity. However, it is challenging to conduct experimental studies due to the high cost. (2) Methods: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study the distribution characteristics of airflow in a pregnant sow piggery with centralized ventilation. (3) Results: The results show that the maximum difference between the simulated and experimental temperature was less than 1.54 °C, and the simulated and tested relative humidity difference was less than 10% RH. Incorporation of a middle air outlet is beneficial for increasing the uniformity of temperature distribution, as studied by comparing the temperature and humidity uniformity coefficient of the two air outlet locations, but the uniformity of humidity distribution will be reduced. With an increase in velocity, the temperature shows a downward trend and the relative humidity shows an upward trend. (4) Conclusions: The most suitable position for the outlet is the middle, with an associated airflow velocity of 0.5 m/s. This study revealed the variation in flow field distribution and air distribution in the pregnant sow piggery as a consequence of changes in ventilation structure, which has certain significance as a reference for the optimization of airflow in intensive pregnant sow piggeries.

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Choi, E., and Y. Eum. "Strategy for nitrogen removal from piggery waste." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2002): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0699.

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This study was conducted with an influent containing about 20% solids, obtainable from scraper type separation resulting in about 40 g/L TCOD and 5.5 g/L TKN, to find an optimum operating condition for nitrogen removal. Both laboratory scale reactors and a full scale treatment plant removed 80 to 90% nitrogen by biological means up to 35°C with 10% by ammonia stripping. The full scale plant however was operated at 35 to 45°C, and at 45°C, 30% nitrogen was removed by biological means, 50% by ammonia stripping, 14% by chemical coagulation and 6% by activated carbon adsorption, respectively. Struvite formation could not be observed at 30°C or higher. Nitrite nitrification and denitrification could save about 35% in tank volume and 50% in carbon requirements at 25°C, respectively. For a complete denitrification with a proper temperature, the influent TCOD/TKN ratio must exceed 6 with oxic/total reactor volume ratio of 0.5. The influent TCOD level or organic load should be lower so as not to increase the reactor temperature above 35°C and avoid nitrification inhibition. The estimated optimum nitrogen loading rates were 0.15 for summer and 0.23 kgTKN/m3/d for winter, respectively. With a cooling facility, the nitrogen loads could be increased to 0.35 kgTKN/m3/d equivalent to an organic loading rate of 2.5 kgCOD/m3/d.

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Jern, Ng Wun, and Chin Kee Kean. "Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Piggery Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0048.

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Bhamidimarri, S. M. Rao, and S. P. Pandey. "Aerobic thermophilic composting of piggery solid wastes." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 8 (April 1, 1996): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0156.

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Aerobic static pile composting of piggery solids was investigated at a 5 m3 scale. Sawdust was used as the bulking agent to provide additional carbon and to increase the porosity of the substrate. The temperature profiles indicated that the solid waste could be pasteurised completely. The nutrient analysis showed that 79% of initial nitrogen was conserved in the compost while there was no significant change in phosphorus concentration. The microbiological assays revealed that there was a four orders of magnitude decline in Enterococci counts while the MPN counts decreased by three orders of magnitude suggesting there may be spore-forming bacteria surviving the composting process.

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Bernet, N., N. Delgenes, and R. Moletta. "Denitrification by Anaerobic Sludge in Piggery Wastewater." Environmental Technology 17, no. 3 (March 1996): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331708616387.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Piggery'

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