Dissertations / Theses: 'Piggery'

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Wrigley, Timothy John. "Water quality improvement of piggery effluent." Thesis, Wrigley, Timothy John (1999) Water quality improvement of piggery effluent. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52406/.

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An experimental wetland system was constructed to upgrade the water quality of piggery wastewater. Transplanted aquatic macrophytes were successfully established within the wetland. The wetland experiment was concluded prematurely because of continual pipework blockages which prevented wastewater flow into the wetland. The precipitate in the pipework was identified as Struvite, MgNH4PO4.6H2O, a precipitate widely associated with wastewaters and kidney stones. The formation of struvite in the piggery wastewaters indicated that struvite may be an important process in the removal of nutrients. X-ray diffraction of lagoon sludge confirmed that struvite precipitation occurred in the three wastewater lagoons at the piggery. Magnesium, essential for the formation of struvite, entered the waste water system via groundwater used for wash down. Magnesium was also an important food supplement in the feed provided for the pigs. Magnesium coupled with ammonia and phosphorus at pH values greater than nine (9) can produce struvite. Up to 250 tonnes/annum of struvite could be removed from the final piggery effluent under correct pH and dosing conditions. Struvite is a valuable slow release fertilizer, and its formation and removal from wastewaters may be important in the reduction of eutrophication in receiving waters. Laboratory-scale batch and continuous anaerobic digestion of piggery effluent was undertaken. The removal of struvite from solution by chemical dosing with MgSO4 after digestion was determined. During anaerobic digestion of piggery wastewater, COD was reduced by 50%- 90%, as measured by biogas production. Concentrations of PO4-P in the supemate increased during batch digestion (21 to 33 mg/L) while a marked reduction in PO4-P concentration of the supemate from the continuous digestion (21 to 10 mg/L) occurred. The addition of MgSO4 to the supernate reduced PO4-P concentrations from 33 to 7 mg/L (batch) and from 10 to 0.1 mg/L (continuous). Struvite, aphthitalite (K3Na(SO4)2) and thermardite (Na2SO4) were precipitated from solution. A computer model was developed to describe struvite solubility chemistry; this included the electro-neutrality equation which allowed for greater variability in the input components. Relationships between the major ions were retained without approximation. The model results fitted data from both our laboratory results and published values. Equilibrium constants which markedly affect the output were identified and solubility constants derived. The computer model of the solution chemistry of struvite was then improved. Firstly, the algorithm was smaller and faster with ammonia as the prime calculation point in the liquid phase. Secondly, the incorporation of dissolved magnesium hydrogen phosphate (dMHP) in the model significantly increased concentrations in solution. Thirdly, estimates of activity coefficients were included. These improvements made a 5-10% improvement in the fit. This flexible modeling procedure allowed for the ready inclusion of all possible species. The addition of associated ammonium phosphates improved the fit. Estimates of the association constants were included. Applications of the model include waste-water treatment and the formation of kidney stones.

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Smith, Jaydee Howard. "Studies of aerial pollutants in an experimental piggery." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337693.

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Ayre, Jeremy Miles. "Advances in treatment of anaerobic digestate of piggery effluent using microalgae." Thesis, Ayre, Jeremy Miles (2021) Advances in treatment of anaerobic digestate of piggery effluent using microalgae. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/61539/.

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Microalgae cultivation for treating anaerobic digestates provides advantages over many other treatment options, however the limitations of this emerging technology currently prevent implementation in many cases where it is needed most. Agricultural systems present some of the greatest need. One of the most prominent is in the context of pig farming, which has already seen decades worth of investigation worldwide in this area. Much of this research is yet to realise it’s full potential but seems tantalising close to fruition. The high concentration of nutrients, such as nitrogen - mostly in the form of ammonium which is very volatile and toxic - is both problematic and a rich fertiliser which under the right conditions can enable growth and cultivation of microalgae. The conceptual framework for a system which incorporates uptake of wastewater nutrients and production of harvestable and useful microalgal biomass is sometimes referred to as the third generation bioreﬁnery. Anaerobic digestate of piggery eﬄuent (ADPE) is a very appealing target for such a bioreﬁnery system. The introduction to this dissertation – Chapter 1 looks at a wide range of literature that covers the topic of wastewater treatment using microalgae, with a particular focus toward ADPE speciﬁc treatments and concerns. Amongst the microalgae with greatest promise in this context include Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. varieties. As detailed in Chapter 2, it was found through bioprospecting and outdoor growth investigations that microbial consortia containing these species could grow on undiluted piggery eﬄuent with very high ammonium concentrations up to 1600 mg N NH4 L−1. These experiments demonstrated ﬁve weeks of semicontinuous growth using sand-ﬁltered, undiluted ADPE as growth media and found growth rates of around 18.5 mg ash-free dry weight L−1 d−1 and ammonium removal rates up to 63.7 ± 12.1 mg N NH4 L−1. Carbon dioxide addition as a pH control measure was also tested and shown to enhance growth performance by around 17% under these outdoor growth conditions. Further experiments using a closed to the atmosphere laboratory environment demonstrated clean and simple methods to retain ammonium during ADPE microalgae cultivation and prevent ammonia vapour escaping and threatening harm to human and wildlife health. Findings from this research are detailed in Chapter 3. The closed system tested the use of deionised water and recirculated airﬂow in order to successfully retain virtually all of the ammonia gas which would otherwise be lost. Lower starting pH conditions provided the beneﬁt of keeping more ammonia in the form of less toxic ammonium dissolved in ADPE. Surprisingly, this system was also found to have suﬃcient carbon reserves within the ADPE growth media, negating the need to add an extrinsic carbon source. Additional indoor growth experiments investigated relationships between bacteria and microalgae during this microalgae cultivation wastewater treatment process. These ﬁndings – documented in Chapter 4 revealed dynamic changes across many bacterial phyla. Assessments of functional genes predicted during cultivation were also performed using the in-silico toolkit - Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt), which was able to inform of the role bacteria play in cycling of nitrogen and carbon compounds during the wastewater treatment process. These data oﬀer insights into the microbial population dynamics which include the revelation of dominant bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, decreases in bacterial richness and diversity as wastewater treatment proceeded and indicators of symbiotic relationships forming with a number of bacterial phyla including Bacteriodetes and Cyanobacteria. Additionally the key pathways favoured by the microalgae-microbial consortia are NH4 and NO2− removal possibly via nitriﬁcation and nitriﬁer denitriﬁcation pathways while accumulating NO3− in inoculated diluted digestate treatment systems. In the absence of inoculation and at high ammonium concentrations in the digestate, NH4 , NO2− and NO3− are almost completely eliminated from the system via a combination of microbial N assimilation and denitriﬁcation. Finally, in Chapter 5 investigations into the nutritional proﬁle and potential use of the harvested and dried microalgae biomass for application as a feed for livestock, aquaculture or other uses are outlined. Pathogenic test results were favourable, crude protein of ADPE-grown microalgae was higher than full fat soybeans but was much lower than conventional soybean meals, net energy values of ground and bead-milled algae samples were found to be comparable to that of deshelled sunﬂower meal commonly used in pig feed, and favourable omega-3:omega-6 ratio of ∼1.9 was found, indicating suitability for inclusion into pig or other animal diets. General conclusions which are informed by these experiments and summarised in Chapter 6 ﬁnd that not only are Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. currently among the optimal candidates for treatment of minimally or undiluted piggery digestate, but that cultivation systems can be customised toward speciﬁc needs such as closed growth conditions which allow for very high proportions of ammonium capture, or larger scale outdoor growth systems where ammonia losses might be less of a concern for some cultivation environments. Under long term outdoor conditions the beneﬁts of incorporating carbon capture and pH adjustments using carbon dioxide have been demonstrated and provide a good foundation for further research using these methods. These studies have also shown that beneﬁcial relationships can form between microalgae and bacterial populations, and these interactions may be a fruitful target for research which aims toward optimisation of health and stability of microalgae based wastewater treatment cultivation conditions. In addition, the microalgae of harvested and dried algal biomass shows indications of being an adequate supplement for inclusion into animal feed. Overall, this PhD dissertation addresses many critical points of concern regarding the treatment of high strength anaerobic digestates such as ADPE using microalgae cultivation.

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Girard, Matthieu. "Treatment of methane and swine slurry from the piggery industry by biofiltration." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6126.

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Abstract: The piggery industry is very important in Canada, but localized production of large quantities of swine slurry causes severe environmental problems such as aquatic pollution and emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. There are many technologies that can reduce the impact of these issues, but biofiltration is the only viable process that can treat both pollutants. The main objectives of this thesis are to study the biofiltration of methane at concentrations representative of the piggery industry and to achieve the simultaneous treatment of methane and swine slurry with a single biofilter. Laboratory-scale experiments were used to better understand the biofiltration of methane from the piggery industry. Using an inorganic filter bed, it was possible to reach a maximum elimination capacity of 14.5 ± 0.6 g·m -3 ·h-1 for an inlet load of 38 ± 1 g·m -3 ·h-1 . The removal efficiency was relatively stable with the methane concentration and the biofilter satisfied first order kinetics. By decreasing the nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution, a concentration of 0.1 gN·L-1 proved to be sufficient for proper biofilter operation. Furthermore, once all inorganic sources of nitrogen were removed, the presence of microorganisms capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen was established. Carbon and nitrogen mass balances suggested that the carbon accumulated within the biofilter was probably used for the production of storage compounds rather than for cell synthesis. The viability of simultaneously treating methane and swine slurry was demonstrated by using an innovative biofilter design to overcome the inhibition of methane biodegradation by swine slurry. Although generally less efficient than the biofiltration of methane alone, an elimination capacity for methane of 18.8 ± 1.0 g·m -3 ·h-1 was obtained with this system at an inlet load of 46.7 ± 0.9 g·m -3 ·h-1 . Pure fungal strains were used in an attempt to improve performance, but no significant increase in the methane removal efficiency was observed. For swine slurry treatment, average removal efficiencies of 67 ± 10 % for total organic carbon and 70 ± 7 % for ammonium were achieved. The influence of the slurry supply was analyzed and the ideal supply method found in this study was 6 doses of 50 ml per day. Pilot-scale tests carried out directly on a pig farm were used to validate the results obtained in the laboratory for the treatment of methane from swine house ventilation air. After a start-up period of 30 days, removal efficiencies up to 83% were observed for a methane inlet load of 1.6 ± 0.8 g·m -3 ·h-1 . Treated swine slurry was tested as a replacement for the synthetic nutrient solution, but due to inhibitory compounds in the treated slurry, the results were not satisfactory. For the simultaneous treatment, the methane removal efficiency only dropped from 58 ± 5% to 53 ± 8% when slurry was supplied to the biofilter. By integrating the results obtained in this study with modern farming techniques, the piggery industry could reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and treat part of the nutrients in swine slurry.||Résumé: L'industrie porcine est très importante au Canada, mais les conditions d'entreposage et l'épandage excessif du lisier de porc contribuent respectivement aux émissions de méthane, un puissant gaz à effet de serre, et à la pollution de l'eau. II existe de nombreuses techniques pour atténuer ces problématiques, mais le procédé de biofiltration s'impose comme étant capable de traiter le méthane et le lisier. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse sont d'étudier la biofiltration du méthane à des concentrations représentatives de l'industrie porcine et d'effectuer le traitement simultané du méthane et du lisier de porc dans un même biofiltre. Des essais expérimentaux à l'échelle laboratoire ont permis de mieux comprendre la biofiltration du méthane issu de l'industrie porcine. En utilisant un lit filtrant inorganique, il a été possible d'atteindre une capacité d'élimination maximale de 14,5 ± 0.6 g[indice supérieur .]m[indices supérieurs -3.]h[indices supérieurs -1] pour une charge à l'entrée de 38 ± 1 g[indice supérieur .]m[indices supérieurs -3.]h[indices supérieurs -1]. L'efficacité d'enlèvement était relativement stable en fonction de la concentration de méthane et le biofiltre présentait une cinétique de premier ordre. En diminuant la concentration de nitrate dans la solution nutritive, une concentration de 0,1 gN[indice supérieur .]L[indice supérieur -1] s'est avérée suffisante pour assurer l'opération adéquate du biofiltre. De plus, en éliminant tout apport d'azote inorganique, la présence de microorganismes capables de fixer l'azote atmosphérique a été établie. Des bilans de masse sur le carbone et l'azote ont illustré que le carbone accumulé dans le biofiltre était utilisé pour la production de matières de stockage plutôt que pour la synthèse cellulaire. La viabilité de traiter simultanément le méthane et le lisier a été démontrée en utilisant un design innovateur de biofiltre pour éviter l'inhibition de la biodégradation du méthane par le lisier. Quoique généralement moins performant que la biofiltration du méthane seul, ce système a permis d'obtenir une capacité d'élimination de méthane de 18.8 ± 1.0 g[indice supérieur 1]m[indices supérieurs -3.]h[indices supérieurs -1] pour une charge de 46.7 ± 0.9 g[indice supérieur .]m[indices supérieurs -3.]h[indices supérieurs -1]. Des souches pures de champignons ont été utilisées afin d'améliorer la performance, mais aucun effet significatif n'a été observé. Pour le traitement du lisier de porc, des taux d'enlèvement moyens de 67 ± 10 % pour le carbone organique total et de 70 ± 7 % pour l'ammonium ont été obtenus. L'influence de l'alimentation en lisier a été analysée et le mode d'alimentation idéal fut de 6 doses de 50 ml par jour. Des essais à l'échelle pilote effectués directement sur une ferme porcine ont permis de valider les résultats obtenus au laboratoire pour le traitement du méthane dans l'air de ventilation d'un bâtiment d'élevage. Après une phase de démarrage de 30 jours, des efficacités d'épuration jusqu'à 83% ont été observées pour une charge de méthane à l'entrée de 1.6 ± 0.8 g[indice supérieur .]m[indices supérieurs -3.]h[indices supérieurs -1]. Du lisier de porc traité a été testé pour remplacer la solution nutritive synthétique, mais dû à la présence de composés inhibiteurs dans le lisier traité, les résultats obtenus n'étaient pas satisfaisants. Pour le traitement simultané, l'efficacité d'épuration du méthane a seulement diminué de 58 ± 5% a 53 ± 8 % lorsque le lisier a été alimenté au biofiltre. En intégrant les résultats de cette étude aux techniques agricoles modernes, l'industrie porcine pourrait réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre et traiter une partie des nutriments du lisier de porc.

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Webb, Kelvin March. "The solubility of struvite and its application to a piggery effluent problem." Thesis, Webb, Kelvin March (1988) The solubility of struvite and its application to a piggery effluent problem. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1988. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/37804/.

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This project was commenced to research problems observed with a large piggery near Mandurah, Western Australia. These problems were caused by the deposition of a bio-mineral magnesium salt, struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H20), within the waste treatment system of the piggery. A review of previous research on struvite properties relevant to this project was firstly conducted, indicating the need for determination of more appropriate solubility data for struvite formation in solution. Experiments to monitor conditions at the piggery were the next stage in research. Laboratory solubility experiments were then commenced. These were at a temperature of 30oC and pH values between 6.5 and 8.5. Data were analysed as the conditional solubility constant Ps defined as below, Ps = [Mg]tX[Nh4]tX[PO4]t A qualitative comparison of field and laboratory solubility data indicates struvite may precipitate from the third and fourth lagoons in the treatment systems, and possibly the second lagoon. These inferences are by no means conclusive, and further Ps data over differing experimental conditions are required to fully explain the problem and its solution.

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Sohn, Jae Ho. "Process studies of odour emissions from effluent ponds using machine-based odour measurement." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001511/.

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Odours caused by intensive piggery operations have become a major environmental issue in the piggery industry in Australia. Effluent ponds are the major source of odours in typical piggeries. It is assumed that the odour emissions from ponds are mainly driven by pond loading rate. However, there are few data to corroborate this concept. Allied to this is the need for a convenient and low cost method of odour measurement, which can be used as an alternative method for current olfactometry. The present odour measurement methods using olfactometry is time-consuming, expensive and often impractical because of its fundamental problem of using subjective human panels. In addition, one of the major problems in odour measurement lies in the air sampling method. Wind tunnels have been accepted as a preferred method for the sampling of odour from area sources. However, current wind tunnels do not consider meteorological factors, which directly affect the odour emission rates. A machine-based odour quantification method and a novel wind tunnel were developed and evaluated in this Ph D study. These methods were then used in a demonstration trial to investigate the effects of pond loading rate on odour emissions. The AromaScan A32S electronic nose, and an artificial neural network were used to develop the machine based odour quantification method. The sensor data analysed by the AromaScan were used to train an ANN, to correlate the responses to the actual odour concentration provided by a human olfactometry panel. Preprocessing techniques and different network architectures were evaluated through network simulation to find an optimal artificial neural network model. The simulation results showed that the two-layer back-propagation neural network can be trained to predict piggery odour concentrations correctly with a low mean squared error. The trained ANN was able to predict the odour concentration of nine unknown air samples with a value for the coefficient of correlation, r2 of 0.59. A novel wind tunnel was developed for odour sampling. The USQ wind tunnel was designed to have a capability to control wind speed and airflow rate. The tunnel was evaluated in terms of the aerodynamics of the airflow inside the tunnel, nd the gas recovery efficiency rate, in order to further improve the performance of the wind tunnel. The USQ wind tunnel showed that sample recovery efficiencies ranging from 61.7 to 106.8%, while the average result from the entire trial was 81.1%. The optimal sample recovery efficiency of the tunnel was observed to be 88.9% from statistical analysis. Consequently, it can be suggested that the tunnel will give estimates of the odour emission rate with significant level of precision. However, the tunnel needs to be calibrated to compensate for the error caused by different airflow rates and odour emission rates. In addition, the installation of a perforated baffle upstream of the sampling section was suggested to improve its performance. To investigate the relationship between the pond loading rate and odour emission rate, replicable experimental studies were conducted using a novel experimental facility and the machine based odour quantification method. The experimental facility consisted of reactor vessels to simulate the operation of effluent ponds and the USQ wind tunnel for odour sampling. A strong relationship between organic loading rate (OLR) and physical and chemical parameters was observed except pH and NH3-N. The pH was not affected by OLR due to the buffering capacity of piggery effluent. EC and COD were suggested as indicators to estimate the operating condition of the piggery effluent ponds because the regression results show that these two parameters can be predicted accurately by OLR. The time averaged odour emission rates from the reactor vessels showed a strong relationship with OLR. Consequently, it can be concluded that heavily loaded effluent ponds would produce more odours. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was examined. The HRT was increased from 30 days to 60 days, resulting in a significant decrease in odour emission rates from the reactor vessels. This decrease ranged from 59.1% to 54.9%, with an average of 57.1%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increasing HRT will decrease the odour emission rate. This trial confirmed the value of the project methodology in obtaining unambiguous data on odour emission processes. However, more data are required for a wider range of OLR, HRT and other pertained variables before a usable model can be formulated.

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Galvin, Geordie. "Comparison of on-pond measurement and back calculation of odour emission rates from anaerobic piggery lagoons." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001426/.

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Odours are emitted from numerous sources and can form a natural part of the environment. The sources of odour range from natural to industrial sources and can be perceived by the community dependant upon a number of factors. These factors include frequency, intensity, duration, offensiveness and location (FIDOL). Or in other words how strong an odour is, at what level it becomes detectable, how long it can be smelt for, whether or not the odour is an acceptable or unacceptable smell as judged by the receptor (residents) and where the odour is smelt. Intensive livestock operations cover a wide range of animal production enterprises, with all of these emitting odours. Essentially, intensive livestock in Queensland, and a certain extent Australia, refers to piggeries, feedlots and intensive dairy and poultry operations. Odour emissions from these operations can be a significant concern when the distance to nearby residents is small enough that odour from the operations is detected. The distance to receptors is a concern for intensive livestock operations as it may hamper their ability to develop new sites or expand existing sites. The piggery industry in Australia relies upon anaerobic treatment to treat its liquid wastes. These earthen lagoons treat liquid wastes through degradation via biological activity (Barth 1985; Casey and McGahan 2000). As these lagoons emit up to 80 per cent of the odour from a piggery (Smith et al., 1999), it is imperative for the piggery industry that odour be better quantified. Numerous methods have been adopted throughout the world for the measurement of odour including, trained field sniffers, electronic noses, olfactometry and electronic methods such as gas chromatography. Although these methods all have can be used, olfactometry is currently deemed to be the most appropriate method for accurate and repeatable determination of odour. This is due to the standardisation of olfactometry through the Australian / New Zealand Standard for Dynamic Olfactometry and that olfactometry uses a standardised panel of "sniffers" which tend to give a repeatable indication of odour concentration. This is important as often, electronic measures cannot relate odour back to the human nose, which is the ultimate assessor of odour. The way in which odour emission rates (OERs) from lagoons are determined is subject to debate. Currently the most commonly used methods are direct and indirect methods. Direct methods refer to placing enclosures on the ponds to measure the emissions whereas indirect methods refer to taking downwind samples on or near a pond and calculating an emission rate. Worldwide the odour community is currently divided into two camps that disagree on how to directly measure odour, those who use the UNSW wind tunnel or similar (Jiang et al., 1995; Byler et al., 2004; Hudson and Casey 2002; Heber et al., 2000; Schmidt and Bicudo 2002; Bliss et al., 1995) or the USEPA flux chamber (Gholson et al., 1989; Heber et al., 2000; Feddes et al., 2001; Witherspoon et al., 2002; Schmidt and Bicudo 2002; Gholson et al., 1991; Kienbusch 1986). The majority of peer reviewed literature shows that static chambers such as the USEPA flux chamber under predict emissions (Gao et al., 1998b; Jiang and Kaye 1996) and based on this, the literature recommends wind tunnel type devices as the most appropriate method of determining emissions (Smith and Watts 1994a; Jiang and Kaye 1996; Gao et al., 1998a). Based on these reviews it was decided to compare the indirect STINK model (Smith 1995) with the UNSW wind tunnel to assess the appropriateness of the methods for determining odour emission rates for area sources. The objective of this project was to assess the suitability of the STINK model and UNSW wind tunnel for determining odour emission rates from anaerobic piggery lagoons. In particular determining if the model compared well with UNSW wind tunnel measurements from the same source; the overall efficacy of the model; and the relationship between source footprint and predicted odour emission rate.

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Miranda, Adélia Pereira [UNESP]. "Suínos em diferentes fases de crescimento alimentados com milho ou sorgo: desempenho, digestibilidade e efeitos na biodigestão anaeróbia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104907.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_ap_dr_jabo.pdf: 553828 bytes, checksum: d736c8d07571b50750a6e56f01d50fae (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Avaliaram-se dietas formuladas com milho ou sorgo para suínos nas fases inicial, crescimento e terminação sobre o desempenho dos animais, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e características de fezes e urina e biodigestão anaeróbia dos dejetos. No ensaio de desempenho não foram verificadas diferenças quanto ao consumo médio diário de ração, ganho médio diário de peso e conversão alimentar. Foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade em cada fase de crescimento dos animais utilizando o método de coleta total de fezes, não se observando diferenças para coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e da energia bruta, coeficiente de metabolizabilidade, energia digestível e metabolizável. Os maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta e proteína digestível foram verificados nos animais alimentados com dietas à base de milho na fase terminação. Para animais alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo foram verificados maiores valores de matéria seca digestível nas fases crescimento e terminação. Verificou-se maior produção média de fezes para animais alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo, gerando maiores coeficientes de resíduo. Os maiores teores de sólidos totais e voláteis foram verificados nas fezes de animais alimentados com dieta à base de milho, em todas as fases de crescimento. As concentrações médias dos nutrientes nas fezes e na urina variaram entre os tratamentos e fases. O abastecimento de 20 biodigestores indicou maiores reduções nos teores de sólidos voláteis e maiores produções de biogás quando se utilizaram fezes de suínos alimentados com dietas formuladas à base de milho. As concentrações médias dos nutrientes no afluente e efluente dos biodigestores variaram entre os tratamentos e fases.
There were evaluated diets formulated with corn or sorghum for pigs in the initial stages, growing and finishing on the growth performance of animals, digestibility of nutrients, production and characteristics of feces and urine and anaerobic digestion of pigs manure. In the test of growth performance were not found differences in the average daily consumption of feed, average daily weight gain and feed conversion. There was performed a test of digestibility at each stage of growth of animals using the total collection of feces, no difference was observed for digestibility coefficients of dry matter and gross energy, coefficient to metabolize, digestible and metabolizable energy. The highest rates of digestibility of crude protein and digestible protein were observed in animals fed with diets based on corn in the finishing stage. For animals fed diets formulated with sorghum there were observed higher values of digestible dry matter in growing and finishing phases. There was a greater average production of feces by animals fed with diets based on sorghum, generating higher coefficient of waste. The highest levels of total and volatile solids were found in the feces of animals fed with diets containing corn, in all the stages of growth. The average concentrations of minerals in feces and urine varied among treatments and stages. The supply of 20 anaerobic digesters indicated greater reductions in the volatile solids levels and greater production of biogas when using waste from pigs fed with diets based with corn. The average concentrations of minerals in the affluent and effluent in the anaerobic digesters varied among treatments and stages.

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Greatorex, James Michael. "Continuous aerobic processing of piggery effluent : a new approach to quantifying the fate of the nitrogen component." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1410/.

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The primary objective was the preparation of a complete mass balance around an aerobic treatment system for pig slurry, to quantify the various forms of nitrogen entering and leaving under different conditions. The purpose of this was to assess the effect of such treatment conditions in terms of the amount of polluting forms of nitrogen generated from the slurry. A laboratory scale reactor (designed for this study) was operated under three separate residence times of 2, 4, and 8 days, and aeration level indicated by a redox value in the range of E$_{Ag/AgCl}$ = +100 to +200 mV; the latter two giving nitrifying conditions. Emissions of di-nitrogen gas are a major component of a nitrogen mass balance, yet one which has been often neglected because of difficulties in distinguishing it from that in the atmosphere. A novel technique was developed in which atmospheric N$_2$ in the reactor headspace was removed by flushing the system with an 80/20 gas mixture of argon/oxygen. This left microbially derived N$_2$ available for collection and analysis by mass spectrometry. Established methods were applied for the measurement of other gaseous nitrogen emissions (NH$_3$, N$_2$O, NO) and other forms of nitrogen in the slurry (organic-N, NH$_4^+$, NO$_2^-$ and NO$_3^-$). The steam distillation technique for nitrite and nitrate was found to be unreliable, therefore, high performance liquid chromatography was used as an alternative. The existence of the intermediate nitrified N form of hydroxylamine is postulated but was not quantified in this study. The presence of unidentified components in raw slurry was investigated using HPLC, but only chloride and acetate could be recognised with a high degree of confidence. Mean N$_2$ concentrations measured were 774 mg l$^{-1}$ in the 4 day treatment and 523 mg l$^{-1}$ in the 8 day treatment. Emissions of the environmentally damaging N$_2$O gas were quantified as being 514 mg l$^{-1}$ in the 4 day treatment and 219 mg l$^{-1}$ in the 8 day. The lower emissions from the 8 day treatment are attributed to improved contact between oxygen and slurry, reducing the prevalence of zones favourable for denitrification. In the final mass balance study, overall nitrogen leaving the system equalled 86 (±18) % of that entering in the 2 day treatment, 113 (±10) % in the 4 day treatment, and 104 (±21) % in the 8 day treatment. The variation in values was attributed to errors in the liquid phase analysis of slurry nitrogen compounds.

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Vu, Thi Nguyet, Van Tua Tran, Dinh Kim Dang, Thi Kim Anh Bui, and Hai Yen Vu. "Application of ecological technology for removal of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus from piggery wastewater after biogas production technology." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32627.

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Despite a positive contribution to economic – social development, the growth of piggeries has caused heavily environmental pollution. Currently, treated wastewater of pig farms unfortunately does not meet the national discharge standards yet. This paper presents some research results on the removing COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in piggery wastewater after anaerobic (biogas) process at pilot scale by the combined system using Phragmites australis, Cyperus alternifolius, Vetiveria zizanioides and Eichhornia crassipes. The experimental results showed that the wastewater loading rate of 47.35 l/m2.day with initial concentrations of 203.24 mg COD/l, 111.94 mgTN/l and 13.61 mgTP/l gave removal efficiency of 71.66 %, 79.26 % and 69.65 %, respectively. Thus, the removed quantity of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was of 4201.35 mg TN/m2.day và 448.76mg TP/m2.day. The obtained results indicated that the flow wetland system, using Phragmites australis, Cyperus alternifolius, Vetiveria zizanioides and Eichhornia crassipes has a rather high COD, TN and TP removal efficiency with simple operation so that it could be feasible if applied for treating pig wastewater. However, the system should be functioned longer for taking data and for evaluating its stability.
Mặc dù có những đóng góp tích cực cho sự phát triển kinh tế - xã hội, việc phát triển chăn nuôi lợn đã gây ô nhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng. Hiện nay, nước thải chăn nuôi lợn từ các cơ sở chăn nuôi sau xử lý vẫn chưa đáp ứng được các tiêu chuẩn thải của quốc gia và tiêu chuẩn ngành. Bài báo này trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu về khả năng loại bỏ COD, nitơ (N) và phôtpho (P) trong nước thải chăn nuôi lợn đã qua xử lý bằng hầm biogas của hệ thống phối hợp cây Sậy, Thủy Trúc, cỏ Vetiver và Bèo Tây ở qui mô pilot. Kết quả thực nghiệm ở tải lượng 47,35 l/m2.ngày, với COD, tổng nitơ (TN) và tổng phôtpho (TP) đầu vào trung bình là 203,24 mg/l, 111,94 mg/l và 13,61 mg/l, tương ứng, thì hiệu suất xử lý lần lượt là 71,66 %; 79,26 % và 69,65 %. Như vậy lượng TN và TP loại bỏ là 4201,35 mgN/m2.ngày và 448,76 mgP/m2.ngày. Kết quả nhận được cho thấy hệ thống sử dụng cây Sậy, Thủy Trúc, cỏ Vetiver và Bèo Tây có hiệu quả loại bỏ COD, TN và TP khá cao trong khi vận hành đơn giản nên có triển vọng áp dụng trong điều kiện thực tế để xử lý nước thải chăn nuôi lợn. Tuy nhiên để đánh giá tính ổn định, hệ thống cần được hoạt động với thời gian lâu dài hơn.

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11

Klaewtanong, Wimalin. "Nutrient removal in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor combined with anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor for piggery wastewater treatment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289241.

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Lange, C. "A Techno-Economic Analysis of the Usage of Macroalgae Culture for the Post Treatment of Anaerobic Digestion Piggery Effluent." Thesis, Lange, C. (2017) A Techno-Economic Analysis of the Usage of Macroalgae Culture for the Post Treatment of Anaerobic Digestion Piggery Effluent. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36734/.

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This study investigates the system design requirements for successful macroalgae cultivation for optimal Nitrogen and Phosphorus removal in diluted anaerobic digestion piggery effluent. Allowing for high quality water output and recycling in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. The capital and operational costs of this system for the total waste treatment of a medium and large scale piggery, housing 400 and 2,000 sows, respectively, are completed. These are then compared to the potential profits made through the electrical generation of harvested biomass through anaerobic digestion and animal feed pellets. The use of macroalgae for the treatment of anaerobic digestion piggery effluent is a new field of interest compared to microalgae (a heavily researched area). Where the microscopic make-up of the microalgae species results in costly harvesting and dewatering methods. As the multicellular clumping of macroalgae species allows for increased harvesting efficiencies. The advantages of macroalgae growth compared to other treatment methods follow successful trials of species cultivation in diluted substrate. Advantages include the recovery of nutrients through biomass production, increased environmental sustainability, pollution avoidance, and higher economical returns. There is no payback period for the two-system sizings as the operational costs far exceed the total annual profits. However, there remains much potential in this usage of anaerobic digestion piggery effluent treatment through further hybrid system designs of micro and macroalgae treatment systems. Potentially leading to reduced land area requirements, evaporation rates and elemental inputs for achievable Nitrogen removal. It is recommended that further study in this field is necessary.

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Miranda, Adélia Pereira. "Suínos em diferentes fases de crescimento alimentados com milho ou sorgo : desempenho, digestibilidade e efeitos na biodigestão anaeróbia /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104907.

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Resumo: Avaliaram-se dietas formuladas com milho ou sorgo para suínos nas fases inicial, crescimento e terminação sobre o desempenho dos animais, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e características de fezes e urina e biodigestão anaeróbia dos dejetos. No ensaio de desempenho não foram verificadas diferenças quanto ao consumo médio diário de ração, ganho médio diário de peso e conversão alimentar. Foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade em cada fase de crescimento dos animais utilizando o método de coleta total de fezes, não se observando diferenças para coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e da energia bruta, coeficiente de metabolizabilidade, energia digestível e metabolizável. Os maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta e proteína digestível foram verificados nos animais alimentados com dietas à base de milho na fase terminação. Para animais alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo foram verificados maiores valores de matéria seca digestível nas fases crescimento e terminação. Verificou-se maior produção média de fezes para animais alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo, gerando maiores coeficientes de resíduo. Os maiores teores de sólidos totais e voláteis foram verificados nas fezes de animais alimentados com dieta à base de milho, em todas as fases de crescimento. As concentrações médias dos nutrientes nas fezes e na urina variaram entre os tratamentos e fases. O abastecimento de 20 biodigestores indicou maiores reduções nos teores de sólidos voláteis e maiores produções de biogás quando se utilizaram fezes de suínos alimentados com dietas formuladas à base de milho. As concentrações médias dos nutrientes no afluente e efluente dos biodigestores variaram entre os tratamentos e fases.
Abstract: There were evaluated diets formulated with corn or sorghum for pigs in the initial stages, growing and finishing on the growth performance of animals, digestibility of nutrients, production and characteristics of feces and urine and anaerobic digestion of pigs manure. In the test of growth performance were not found differences in the average daily consumption of feed, average daily weight gain and feed conversion. There was performed a test of digestibility at each stage of growth of animals using the total collection of feces, no difference was observed for digestibility coefficients of dry matter and gross energy, coefficient to metabolize, digestible and metabolizable energy. The highest rates of digestibility of crude protein and digestible protein were observed in animals fed with diets based on corn in the finishing stage. For animals fed diets formulated with sorghum there were observed higher values of digestible dry matter in growing and finishing phases. There was a greater average production of feces by animals fed with diets based on sorghum, generating higher coefficient of waste. The highest levels of total and volatile solids were found in the feces of animals fed with diets containing corn, in all the stages of growth. The average concentrations of minerals in feces and urine varied among treatments and stages. The supply of 20 anaerobic digesters indicated greater reductions in the volatile solids levels and greater production of biogas when using waste from pigs fed with diets based with corn. The average concentrations of minerals in the affluent and effluent in the anaerobic digesters varied among treatments and stages.
Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior
Coorientadora: Maria Cristina Thomaz
Banca: Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
Banca: Roberto Alves de Oliveira
Banca: Antônio Carlos de Larentiz
Banca: Maria Benincasa Vidotti
Doutor

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Ho, Lily S. H. "First-stage and single-stage continuously stirred tank anaerobic digestion of synthetic complex wastewater and piggery wastewater (with emphasis on thermophilic temperature)." Thesis, Ho, Lily S.H. (2010) First-stage and single-stage continuously stirred tank anaerobic digestion of synthetic complex wastewater and piggery wastewater (with emphasis on thermophilic temperature). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3952/.

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Single-stage continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is commonly used in the anaerobic treatment of animal manure slurry, municipal sewage sludge and concentrated wastewaters containing a high proportion of biodegradable particulate organic materials at relatively long hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 12 to 24 days. It is also commonly used as a holding tank to equilise the big variations in wastewater flow or pollution strength as well as for pre-acidification of wastewater. Its simplicity, ease of operation, low capital and maintenance costs are appealing features that made it a natural choice of reactor configuration for the pilot-scale thermophilic first-stage acidogenic digester of a two-stage thermophilic-ambient anaerobic digestion system which is based at Roseworthy Campus of University of Adelaide, South Australia and operated by South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). As the first-stage acidogenic reactor plays a crucial role in the solubilisation of particulate organic matter in complex substrates to soluble organics and acidification to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for enhancing pathogens destruction in wastewater treatment, the initial aim of this research study was to optimise the first-stage anaerobic CSTR to effectively convert particulate-containing complex organic wastewater to intermediate fermentation products for feed to the second-stage methane reactor. Pig feed pellets was used as the model substrate to prepare the complex synthetic wastewater to investigate the effects of temperature (37, 47 and 55oC) and pH (6, 7 and 8) on organics solubilisation and acidification in two sets of batch vial experiments while the effects of HRT (4- to 1-day) on organics conversion efficiency of the semi-continuous first-stage anaerobic CSTRs were investigated in two sets of experiments conducted at mesophilic (37oC) and thermophilic (55oC) conditions. Findings from the batch vial experiments with low organic strength (4 g/L TCOD) wastewater found mesophlic temperature at 37oC and pH 7-8 were optimum conditions for solubilisation (hydrolysis) and acidification than at thermophilic temperatures of 47oC and 55oC. Results from the semi-continuous CSTR anaerobic reactors confirmed that the mesophilic (37oC) reactor hydrolysed and acidified significantly more particulate and soluble organic matter respectively than thermophilic (55oC) reactor, with 2-day HRT being the optimum for both the anaerobic acidogenic reactors. The lack of methane in the biogas which contained hydrogen and carbon dioxide confirmed that the methanogens present in the acidic reactor effluents were completely inhibited. Following reports that the pilot-scale first-stage thermophilic (55oC) acidogenic reactors treating raw piggery wastewater was experiencing substantial lost of volatile fatty acids to methane formation at relatively short HRTs of 4 and 7-day, the complex synthetic wastewater was replaced with real piggery wastewater from Roseworthy Campus’s piggery holding sump to allow meaningful lab-scale reactor experiments to be conducted in order to provide realistic information for the pilotscale acidogenic reactor. Semi-continuous first-stage anaerobic reactor experiments were carried out to examine the influence of piggery influent concentrations with and without pH reduction on the fermentation behaviour of the thermophilic acidogenic reactor at a shorter HRT of 2-day. The 2-day HRT was found to be optimum in previous acidogenic experiments with the synthetic complex wastewater. The studies on the acidogenic treatment of piggery wastewater at 2-day HRT revealed that irrespective of the feed concentrations or organic loading rates, firststage anaerobic treatment of the piggery wastewater without pH intervention could not completely inhibit the syntrophic acetogenic and methanogenic microorganisms because of the wastewater’s inherently high levels of alkalinity and ammonianitrogen which buffered the system against VFA souring. Some losses of total VFAs were observed at the highest TCOD feed concentration of 13 g TCOD/L and OLR of 6.5 g/L/d. The vast differences in the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the raw piggery wastewater and synthetic complex wastewater, particularly with respect to their initial ammonia-nitrogen, soluble COD, volatile fatty acids (VFA), buffering capacity and anaerobic microorganisms, were the key determining factors for the contradictory outcomes in organics conversion performance of the thermophilic and mesophilic first-stage CSTRs. Although the study on pH reduction of the piggery wastewater to pH 5.5 found the approach was successful in suppressing the activities of syntrophic consortia of acetogenic and methanogenic microbial populations while stimulating the acidogenic bacteria, the operational inconvenience from foaming-related spillages and the anticipated need to re-adjust the acidic effluent pH to neutral for feed to the secondstage reactor far out-weighed the small gains in the increased hydrolysis and acidification of the piggery influent organic matter. The observations that around 30% of the organics still remained as insoluble particulate form in the treated effluent and more than 60% of the organic carbon compounds in the raw piggery wastewater was already in soluble and acidified forms coupled with its high buffering capacity which protects the anaerobic system against failure from VFA souring, it was decided that single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digestion at longer HRT of 10- and 15-day might be more cost-effective for enhancing the solubilisation of the particulate organics and organic carbon conversion to methane in the undiluted piggery wastewater. Semi-continuous thermophilic CSTR experiments at 55oC were carried out to examine the extent of organic carbon conversion at 10- and 15-day HRT. Mesophilic CSTR experiment at 37oC was also carried out to compare its organics conversion performance with the thermopilic reactor at 15-day HRT. The results show that while increasing the HRT of the thermophilic anaerobic CSTRs from 2- to 10- and 15-day saw a gradual increase in specific methane yields, the methane yield at the longer HRT of 15-day was considered low (26% of total COD fed) based on the COD material balance of the digested effluents. Around 30% of the organic matter still remained as non-biodegradable particulate organics while propionate (19%) and unidentified non-VFA soluble organic matter (17%) formed the two largest groups of unconverted soluble organics in the digested piggery effluent. The build-up of propionate at higher HRT of 10- and 15-day which correlated positively with increased free ammonia concentration implied that the syntrophic propionate-oxidising bacteria and hydrogenotrophic microorganisms were under increased stress. At 15-day HRT, although anaerobic thermophilic digestion at 55oC had significantly higher specific methane yield than mesophilic digestion at 37oC, the chemical quality of thermophilic digested effluent was poor with regards to its higher levels of free ammonia, propionate, total VFA and soluble COD compared to the mesophilic effluent. However, thermophilic digestion is universally recognised for its higher pathogens destruction efficency than mesophilic digestion. Five sets of thermophilic (55oC) batch vial experiments were conducted to investigate the single effect of pH reduction, chemical (zeolite, humic acid) and biological (piggery biomass, municipal biomass) supplements as well as the combined effects of pH reduction and chemical or biological supplements in enhancing methane production from thermophilic piggery effluent. Reduction of the piggery effluent pH from 8.1 to 6.5 alone and zeolite treatment (10 to 20 g/L) with or without pH reduction of the piggery effluent to pH 6.5 were found to be effective strategies for enhancing methane production yet not elevating the effluent COD level compared to its initial level.

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Mussoline, Wendy. "Enhancing the methane production from untreated rice straw using an anaerobic co-digestion approach with piggery wastewater and pulp and paper mill sludge to optimize energy conversion in farm-scale biogas plants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995326.

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The research describes an optimized waste-to-energy technology that utilizes agricultural residues for renewable energy, while reducing global methane emissions and maintaining food security. Laboratory-, pilot- and farm-scale anaerobic batch digesters were evaluated to enhance methane production from the anaerobic digestion of untreated rice straw in dry conditions using a novel co-digestion approach. An existing farm-scale biogas plant loaded with rice straw and piggery wastewater produced 295 MWh in a 422-day digestion cycle. The long acclimation period (approximately 200 days) and low biogas yield (181 LCH4/kgVS) could be enhanced by adding anaerobic sludge from the pulp and paper mill treatment process. In a laboratory setting, the addition of the sludge resulted in a specific methane yield of 335 LCH4/kgVS within 92 days. Hydrolysis of the straw was accelerated, and stable conditions were observed in terms of pH, alkalinity and nutrients. Similar improvements were demonstrated in pilot-scale digesters (1 m3) - a specific methane yield of 231 LCH4/kgVS was achieved in a 93-day digestion cycle with the sludge compared to 189 days without the sludge. Insufficient mixing within the pilot-scale system caused lower overall methane yields than those obtained in the laboratory-scale digesters. If sufficient mixing and mesophilic conditions are maintained within the farm-scale system, the co-digestion of rice straw with pig wastewater and paper mill sludge (wet weight ratio of 1:1.25:0.5) has the potential to reduce the retention time to three months (versus 422 days) and increase methane yields to over 300 LCH4/kgVS

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Field, Leah Giselle. "Creative differences : Sendak's and Knussen's intended audiences of Where the Wild Things Are and Higglety Pigglety Pop!" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51948.

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Author and illustrator Maurice Sendak and composer Oliver Knussen collaborated on two one-act operas based on Sendak’s picture books Where the Wild Things Are and Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life. Though they are often programmed as children’s operas, Sendak and Knussen labeled the works fantasy operas, but have provided little commentary on any distinction between these labels. Through examination of their notes and commentary on the operas, published reviews and analysis of the operas, e-mail interviews conducted with operatic administrators and composers of children’s operas, and my analysis of the two works I intend to show that Sendak and Knussen had different target audiences in mind as they created these works.
Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate

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17

Ludlow, Karinne Anne. "Which little piggy to market? : legal challenges to the commercialisation of agricultural genetically modified organisms in Australia." Monash University, Faculty of Law, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5489.

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Tano, Bekoin Françis Guillaume. "Etude analytique, numérique et expérimentale du comportement mécanique des systèmes géosynthétiques : application au cas des barrières de sécurité des extensions d'ISDND." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU053/document.

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Les géosynthétiques (GSY) sont des matériaux polymériques utilisés dans la construction d’ouvrages géotechniques et environnementaux, en remplacement et/ou en complément de matériaux naturels. Dans les installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux (ISDND), les GSY sont utilisés comme dispositif d’étanchéité et de drainage (barrière de sécurité) afin de prévenir les infiltrations de lixiviats vers la nappe phréatique.De nos jours, la rareté des sites adaptés à la construction de nouvelles ISDND conduit de nombreux opérateurs à opter pour la création de casiers de stockage en appui sur d’anciens casiers. Dans ces ouvrages en rehausse (extensions d’ISDND), une barrière de sécurité est généralement disposée entre les anciens casiers et les nouveaux casiers. Toutefois, dans cette configuration spécifique, les risques d’instabilité au glissement translationnel de l’ouvrage sont favorisés par la présence de plusieurs interfaces GSY représentant autant de surfaces de glissement préférentielles. Par ailleurs, ces risques sont accentués par le caractère compressible des déchets qui favorise l’apparition de tassements différentiels et/ou d’effondrements localisés (formation de cavités) sous la barrière de sécurité, susceptibles d’engendrer une perte d’intégrité (tensions / déformations excessives) de cette dernière. Dès lors, la compréhension des mécanismes associés à ces phénomènes de glissement translationnel et de déformation des GSY apparait capitale pour la réussite d’un tel projet.Dans ce contexte, les travaux objet du présent mémoire de thèse se sont attachés à mieux appréhender le comportement mécanique des systèmes GSY et de leurs interactions. Cette analyse a été effectuée sous l’angle de la stabilité au glissement translationnel (à l’échelle de l’ouvrage : grande échelle) et de l’intégrité structurelle des GSY au sein des barrières de sécurité sur cavité (petite échelle).Pour y parvenir, une analyse multi-approches associant étude analytique, modélisation numérique et étude expérimentale a été mise en oeuvre.Tout d’abord, le volet analytique a porté sur une analyse comparative de dix méthodes utilisées pour l’évaluation de la stabilité au glissement translationnel et de huit méthodes de dimensionnement des GSY de renforcement sur cavité. Ces études comparatives ont permis non seulement d’évaluer les écarts entre ces méthodes, mais aussi d’identifier celles qui se prêtent le mieux à une application en extension d’ISDND.Ensuite, une Méthode Rationnelle de Modélisation des systèmes Géosynthétiques (MeRaMoG) a été développée afin de prendre en compte fidèlement le comportement mécanique des GSY et de leurs interfaces (notamment la non-linéarité du comportement en traction des GSY). Grâce à la MeRaMoG qui a été validée expérimentalement, les mécanismes intervenant et contrôlant les phénomènes de glissement et de déformation des barrières de sécurité sur talus et sur cavité ont été investigués.Enfin, un Dispositif Expérimental grande-échelle pour l’étude de la Performance des GSY de renforcement sur Cavité (DEPGeC) a été développé. Le DEPGeC est un prototype permettant de simuler le comportement mécanique des GSY sur une cavité rectangulaire et sous une contrainte de confinement pouvant atteindre 100 kPa. L’utilisation du DEPGeC a permis d’évaluer l’influence de la contrainte de confinement, de la raideur du GSY de renforcement et d’un ancrage rigide sur les déformations des GSY
Geosynthetics (GSYs) are polymeric materials that are used in engineering and environmental constructions to replace or in addition to natural materials. In landfills, GSYs are used as a lining system to prevent leachate infiltration into groundwater.Nowadays, the scarcity of suitable sites to establish new landfills leads more and more landfill owners to build new landfill cells over older ones. In such type of construction commonly called piggy-back landfill, a new GSY lining system is often implemented between old and new cells. However, in this specific configuration, the risk of translational instability of the construction is increased since the lining system involved several interfaces with low shear strength. Such instability is related to the failure of the various interfaces within the GSY lining system and hence to the sliding of GSY layers on each other. Moreover, the potential occurrence of differential settlements and / or localized collapses (cavity) which are related to the compressible nature of the waste within the old cell could tear (excessive tensile forces / strains) the GSY lining system under the overload of the new waste. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms controlling translational slip phenomena and deformation of GSYs is essential to ensure a proper design of such a project.In this context, this PhD thesis focused on better understanding of the mechanical behaviour of GSY systems and their interactions. The study was conducted using firstly a global analysis (large scale, all over the piggy-back landfill) of the lining system in terms of translational slips between the various GSYs. Secondly, this study investigated the integrity of the GSY lining system subjected to a cavity (small scale analysis).To achieve this goal, a multi-approaches investigation involving analytical study, numerical modelling and experimental study was performed.First, the analytical part focused on a comparative analysis based on ten methods used to assess the factor of safety of translational slip and on eight methods used for the design of GSY reinforcement over cavities. These comparative studies have not only assessed the differences between these methods, but also identified those best suited to be applied in the context of piggy-back landfills.Then, a rigorous method (MeRaMoG) that addressed the key aspects of the mechanical behaviour of GSYs and interfaces (e.g., the nonlinear axial stiffness of GSYs), was developed for the numerical modelling of multi-layered geosynthetic systems. Through MeRaMoG which was experimentally validated, the mechanisms controlling the translational slip and deformation of the geosynthetic lining system on side slopes and cavity were investigated.Finally, a new large-scale testing device (DEPGeC) was developed to assess the efficiency of a GSY reinforcement to bridge a cavity. The DEPGeC is a prototype that was used to simulate the mechanical behaviour of multi-layered GSY systems over a rectangular cavity and under a confining load of up to 100 kPa. Using the DEPGeC, the influence of the applied vertical load, the stiffness of the GSY reinforcement and a perfect anchorage on the deformations of GSY, was investigated

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En-WeiKuo and 郭恩瑋. "Cultivating indigenous microalgae with piggery wastewater for simultaneous piggery wastewater treatment and microalgal biomass production." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zj3x8g.

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Chen, Wei-Hong, and 陳韋宏. "Use of Piggery Wastewater for Microalgae Biofuel Production." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35368538646915891791.

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碩士
大仁科技大學
環境管理研究所
99
Abstract Use of microalgae to remove inorganic nutrients from wastewater and their great potential as a lipid feedstock for biodiesel production is gaining traction in Taiwan and around the world. Many microalgae have the ability to utilize organic or inorganic carbon as carbon sources and energy sources, and apparently utilize either ammonium salts or nitrates as nitrogen sources when these are supplied at a suitable concentration for growth. Some microalgae are exceedingly rich in lipid, which can be converted to biodiesel. The main objective of the study is to understand the abilities of mixotrophic microalgae on the nutrient removal from piggery wastewater and their potential for lipid production. The effect of aeration rate, temperature of culture, nitrogen nutrient content, and cultivation time on growth rate and lipid content of biomass are firstly studied by using a central composite design method. The aim of the study is to understand the potential of heterotrophic microalgae by using piggery wastewater for simultaneous biodiesel productivity and nutrient removal. The study also can understand the ability for an integrated treatment process that combines nutrient removal and algal lipid production for potential use as a biodiesel feedstock. In addition, the light-emitting diode (LED) was used as light source to understand the effect on biofuel production. Under experimental conditions considered four carbon source, glucose, carbon dioxide, sodium acetate, and piggery wastewater, the most favorable carbon source for lipid productivity and the growth rate of biomass is the piggery wastewater (25 %). The blue-LED was more effective than red-LED and incandescent light on biofuel production from microalgae. At the condition of 40~60 % of piggery wastewater content the biomass yield and lipid production of microalgae were higher than those resulting from the other tests considered. For the piggery wastewater, the removal of 70 %, 81 %, 94 %, 74 % for TKN, NPDOC, orthophosphate, and ammonium was achieved, respectively. Result also indicated that the aeration rate was the most important factor influencing the growth and lipid content of microalgae as compared to temperature of culture, piggery wastewater content, and light intensity. Keywords: biodiesel, Fractional factorial design, microalgae

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21

Banhazi, Thomas. "Factors influencing airborne pollutant concentrations within and emissions from Australian piggery buildings." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80410.

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Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.
Different airborne pollutants, such as ammonia, airborne bacteria, respirable endotoxins, inhalable and respirable particles can be found in high concentrations in the airspace of piggery buildings. It has been suspected that these airborne pollutants can interfere with animal health, production efficiency and welfare, can increase occupational health and safety risk for farm workers, hasten the damage of building components and jeopardise the environmental sustainability of livestock operations. As a first step in the investigation of these potential problems, a literature review was undertaken with two major aims in mind. First to systematically review problems associated with high airborne pollutant concentrations, which then facilitated the prediction of the likely benefits associated with reducing the concentrations of different airborne pollutants. The second aim of the literature review was to catalogue previous work, which correlated the concentrations of airborne pollutants with management and housing factors. This facilitated the development of solid understanding of the likely risk factors predisposing certain piggery buildings to higher airbome pollutant concentrations. During this review however, it was realised that almost all previous work used simple correlation matrixes to establish relationship between the concentration of airborne pollutants and different housing and management related risk factors, without an attempt to properly model the effects of all the possible risk factors. Therefore, a study was designed with the main objective to use a multifactorial statistical modelling approach to actually take into consideration all likely main effects, covariates and interactions simultaneously to identify the statistically important risk factors and explain the variation observed in the concentrations and emissions of key airborne pollutants. The development of the models resulted in two major benefits. First, after the identification of statistically significant factors, their beffer management could lead to improvement in air quality inside and outside of piggery buildings. Second, by combining the sub-models developed for individual airborne pollutants, an easy-to-use prediction tool was developed, which could reduce the need for expensive air quality measurements on site. As a first step in the study, an "environmental measurement kit" was developed which was used in 160 individual piggery buildings over two years to collect air and environmental quality related information as part of the data collection phase of the study. The information collected in four states of Australia was sent to a central location and analysed using a general linear modelling approach. Altogether seventeen models were developed to explain the variation observed in the concentrations and emissions of all key airborne pollutants (such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, airborne bacteria, respirable endotoxins, inhalable and respirable particles) as well as environmental parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity and ventilation rates. After the identification of statistically important factors for individual pollutants, these risk factors were combined into a "universal" intemal concentration, ventilation and emission prediction model. The combined model predicts the likely internal concentrations, ventilation and emission rates based on engineering and management features of the piggery buildings without the need to conduct expensive measurements. However, it was recognised that the computations to calculate these internal concentrations, ventilation and emission rates had to be automated, in a form of dedicated software, as the complexity of these models would not allow manual calculations. It was also recognised that in some instances measurements would be still appropriate, indeed necessary under individual farm circumstances when predictions have to be backed by real measurements. Therefore, as a delivery mechanism for project results, a packaged hardware and software kit was developed. This assessment kit (called BASE-Q system) is essentially the simplified, user-friendly version of the scientific measurement kit and data management system used during the data collection phase of the study. The BASE-Q kit enables the users to pre-screen the buildings using the Pocket PC software (containing the "combined" model developed during the study) that will predict the internal concentrations and emission rates of all important airborne pollutants. Furthermore, if the predictions were not satisfactory for the users, the robust hardware components of the BASE-Q kit would enable them to conduct air quality measurement accurately and cost effectively, without the need for high levels of technical knowledge. The PC based BASE-Q software stores and processes the acquired information, making the whole system very labour efficient and user friendly. By developing these hardware tools and associated softwares, the scientific results of the main study will be efficiently extended to the farming community.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2006

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22

Liao, Yu-Hua, and 廖玉華. "Study on the Key Factors of the Piggery Reutilization." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22039711316376802151.

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碩士
康寧大學
資產管理與城市規劃研究所
101
With economic development and industrial transformation, loss of value or reutilization becomes a certain consequence of vacant spaces. In order to treat vacant space reutilization as an important policy and actively instrument vacant space reutilization, the government intends to treat vacant spaces with historic meaning in Taiwan as subjects, and turn vacant buildings, spaces, and environments into its value by reutilization. Yunlin County has been a center of the pig farming industry, the rise of environmental awareness coupled with high pollution due to foot and mouth disease hit the pig industry, the pig industry, a variety of raw materials continue to rise, many pig spaces are a large number of idle, abandoned. The formation of the pig farmers livelihood problems and worries on law and order, so idle space adaptive reutilization is to become a very important issue. Therefore, this study will assess the key factors affecting the superiority in competitive of piggery vacant space reutilization by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP). Analytical results showed that the order of the affecting four key factors of the piggery reutilization is: require public leisure places, working space projects, facilities maintenance and management, and the cost.

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23

Hu, Wei-Hsin, and 胡維心. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter during the Piggery Wastewater Treatment Processes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56838160441954379027.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
104
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the major form of nature organic matter in aquatic ecosystems; it is a complex compound. The DOM contains a great amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), thus the DOC is commonly surrogate of DOM. Water quality may be affect by DOM, because it promotes bacteria growth in water. In order for good water quality to continue, it is necessary to characterize the DOM. In this study, filtered samples (bulk, < 0.45 µm) from the Central Piggery in Linlo, Taiwan, which had been through the treatment processes of influent (IN), equalization tank (EQ), anaerobic digestion (AN), aeration (AE), and effluent (EF), were separated into two molecular weight (MW) sizes. The high MW DOM (HMWDOM) was collected from the retention pond (1 kDa - 0.45 µm) and low MW DOM (LMWDOM) was collected from the permeation pond (< 1 kDa). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used to measure for the UV absorbance of the DOM, and fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to observe the DOM fluorescence character by checking on the excitation-emission matrix (EEM). The bulk DOC concentration dropped from 940.0(±559.8) mg/L to 61.1(±24.0) mg/L, which indicated that the DOM was degraded during the processes. And the DOC ratio of HMWDOM increased from 24.4(±6.8) % to 52.1(±8.4) %, which indicated that parts of LMDOM had transformed into HMWDOM. The bulk SUVA254 increased from 0.99(±0.34) L/mg-OC/m to 3.04(±1.62) L/mg-OC/m, suggesting that non-aromatic carbon components were selectively removed and aromatic fractions remained during the processes. The bulk SR increased from 0.32 to 0.50 through IN to AE, which indicated that the DOM molecular weight decreased during the biological wastewater treatment. The ratio of PLF/FLF/HLF (protein, fulvic-, and humic-like substances, respectively) changed from 71.3 %, 21.0 %, 3.8% to 43.1 %, 43.8 %, and 13.1 %, suggesting that the protein-like fluorescence was reduced and the fulvic- and humic-like fluorescence was enhanced during the processes. There were red shifts during the processes, which explain that the humification level had increased during the processes. Also there was a red shift at the HMWDOM compare to the LMWDOM, which explains that HMWDOM had a higher humification level compared to the LMWDOM. The fluorescence integration of region I and region II (protein like substances) respectively, decreased from 32.0(±5.7) % to 8.1(±1.0) % and from 28.3(±1.9) % to 20.8(±0.8) %, while region III (fulvic-like substances) increased from 18.0(±3.2) % to 35.0(±1.1) %, which explains that during the processes, the ratio of simple aromatic proteins had decreased, at the same time as fulvic acid-like materials increased.

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24

Yang, Chia-wei, and 楊嘉葦. "Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide with Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron from Piggery Wastewater." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15412241925648433721.

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碩士
國立高雄大學
土木與環境工程學系碩士班
99
The removal of hydrogen sulfide from piggery wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was investigated. NZVI was prepared by the wet chemical synthesis method. Results indicate that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing NZVI concentration and DO. Results revealed that the hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency using NZVI particles was highly dependent on pH with maximum removal efficiency at pH 4. We used TEM, XRD, TGA, FTIR to characterize material changes before and after experiment. Kinetics analysis in batch studies demonstrates that the removal of hydrogen sulfide by nanoscale Fe0 fits well with the second - order reaction with respect to hydrogen sulfide concentration. A maximum adsorption capacity of 3333 mg/g were determined for hydrogen sulfide removal at pH = 7. At pH = 12, sulfide can be sorbed onto the iron particle via formation of surface complexes. FeOOH react directly with hydrogen sulfide. At pH = 4, iron nanoparticles react with water to release ferrous iron, that further precipitates with sulfide (S2-) to iron sulfide (FeS).

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25

Huang, Tai-Wei, and 黃泰維. "Treatment of piggery wastewater using anaerobic baffled reactors/upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45511278930659462324.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
91
Treatment of Piggery Wastewater Using Anaerobic Baffled Reactors/ Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor ABSTRACT Four anaerobic reactors including anaerobic non-baffled reactor (ANBR), anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), ABR with effluent recycle (ABRr), and upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASBR) were used to treat piggery wastewater (i.e., pretreated by a solids-liquid separator followed by a facultative lagoon with an HRT of 2 days; chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 2,050 — 2,820 mg/L). At the reactor volume of 5.15 L, volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 0.78 — 5.48 kg COD/m3-d, and hydraulic retention times of 2.6 — 0.52 d, the biomass of the ANBR, ABR, ABRr, and UASBR were 12.4 — 53.4, 14.4 — 73.5, 14.3 — 72.0, and 14.5 — 73.3 g VSS, respectively; the average diameter of granules (dp,avg, weighted mean) were 0.81 — 1.31, 0.92 — 1.46, 1.05 — 1.61, and 1.05 — 1.75 mm, respectively and; the COD removal efficiencies were 84 — 75%, 91 — 92%, 90 — 87%, and 91 — 93%, respectively. In other words, the performance of anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR and ABRr) and UASBR are superior to that of ANBR; the formal can retain more biomass, maintain higher COD removal efficiencies, and grow larger granules, compared with the latter. Percentage (by volume) of large sizes of granules in the ABRr and UASBR with a higher superficial velocity (us = 2 m/h) was higher than that of large sizes of granules in the ANBR and ABR with a lower us (= 0.017∼0.085 m/h). In the four anaerobic reactors, the dp,avg increased with an increase in VLR; the granule diameter (dp) in the lower-part of the sludge bed was the biggest, the dp in the middle-up of the sludge bed was the next and, the dp in the upper-part of the sludge bed was the smallest. From independent batch experiments (30 ± 1℃) using sludge granules removed from the four anaerobic reactors (VLRs = 0.78∼5.48 kg COD/m3-d), the estimated mass fractions of methanogens ranged from 0.27 to 0.70; the f value decreased with an increase in VLR. According to tracer tests and the calculated dispersion number, the flow regimes of the ANBR, ABRr, and UASBR were close to complete-mix, while the flow regime of the ABR was close to plug flow; dead spaces of the ANBR, ABR, ABRr, and UASBR were 32.7 — 56.2%, 8.5 — 37.4%, 14.3 — 37.4%, and 9.2 — (~0)%, respectively. From independent batch experiments (30 ± 1℃) together with Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm (i.e., nonlinear regression), the anaerobic degradation of piggery wastewater (mixed culture) followed Monod-type kinetics with the maximum specific substrate utilization rate constant (k) of 0.41 — 1.29 mg COD/mg VSS-d and the half-saturation constant (Ks) of 48 — 131 mg COD/L. Acetate methanogenesis (enrichment culture) also followed Monod-type kinetics with the k2 of 3.9 mg acetate/mg VSS-d and the Ks of 370 mg acetate/L. By using the proposed two kinetic models (i.e., Model 1 incorporating only liquid-phase model and f; Model 2 incorporating solid-phase and liquid-phase model and f), the simulated COD (VFAs) concentrations and COD (VFAs) removal efficiencies in the ANBR, ABR, ABRr, and UASBR were in good agreement with the experimental results. Accordingly, Model 1 (i.e., rather simple calculations) should be acceptable for function design and operation and management of the four anaerobic reactors. Keywords:Anaerobic baffled/non-baffled reactors; Upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor; Piggery wastewater; Performance evaluation; Mass fraction of methanogens; Kinetic model; Model verification.

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26

Chen, Chih-Ming, and 陳志銘. "Kinetic Behavior of a Combined UASB-Activated Sludge Reactor System Treating Piggery Wastewater." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ypk3c.

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碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
90
A combined UASB–activated sludge (AS) reactor system treating piggery wastewater (pretreated by a solids-liquid separator followed by a facultative lagoon with an HRT of 2 days; COD = 1,910 – 2,060 mg/L, TKN = 396 – 416 mg/L) was used. To operate the combined reactor system, the effluent from the rear AS reactor is recycled to the front UASB reactor. Thus, the UASB reactor can proceed denitrification and methanogenesis, together with the utilization of inflow organics. Meanwhile, the AS reactor can proceed aerobic degradation of the remaining organics and nitrification. Neglecting the effect of mass transfer on the overall reaction process (this assumption has been further confirmed by independent batch experiments with the use of break-up and intact granules), a kinetic model of substrate (COD) degradation and nitrification/denitrification in the combined reactor system is proposed. Independent batch experiments were carried out to determine most of the biological parameter values used in model simulation. In addition, all the experimental data obtained from the steady-state combined reactor system were used to verify the kinetic model. Under proper operating conditions (e.g., HRT, �塶, and Re), the combined reactor system could remove 94.3% – 97.0% of COD, ~100% of TKN and 54.8% – 78.3% of TN. According to mass-balance calculations, the specific nitrification rate and the specific substrate utilization rate in the AS reactor are 0.18 – 0.35 mg TKN/mg VSS-d and 0.18 – 0.35 mg COD/mg VSS-d, respectively; while the specific denitrification rate and the specific substrate utilization rate in the UASB reactor are 0.025 – 0.059 mg NOx--N /mg VSS-d and 0.22 – 0.41 mg COD/mg VSS-d, respectively. In addition, the biogas contents N2 and CH4 monitored in the UASB reactor aer 56.4% – 97.0% and ND – 41.6%, respectively. Sludge granulation occurs in the UASB reactor; the average granule diameter (volume fraction basis) range from 0.85 to 1.56 mm, and the granule diameter in the lower-part of sludge bed is the largest, the middle-part of sludge bed the next and, the upper-part of sludge bed the smallest. From independent batch experiments, nitrification and substrate utilization in the AS reactor, denitrification and substrate utilization in the UASB reactor, and nitrification with enrichment culture and under various �塶 follow Monod-type kinetics. From independent batch experiments, the estimated distributed fractions of nitrifiers in the AS reactor range from 0.47 to 0.66. According to denitrification rates and methane production rates, together with yield coefficients of denitrifiers and methanogens, the distributed fractions of denitrifiers in the UASB reactor range from 0.86 to 1.00. From the simulated results of the proposed model, the calculated residual concentrations of COD, TKN, and TN in the UASB and AS reactors are in good agreement with the experimental results; the calculated COD, TKN, and TN removal efficiencies of the combined reactor system are in good agreement with the experimental results. Accordingly, the proposed kinetic model can be appropriately used to predict treatment performance of the combined reactor system.

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27

Yu, ChongYeh, and 余崇葉. "Safety Evaluation of Recycling Piggery Treatment Effluents after Ultraviolet Sterilization and Chlorine Disinfection Processings." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04582201196168251030.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
88
The aims of this study were first to evaluate the bactericidal efficiency of both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and chlorination through biological pollution indicators, fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS), in order to assess the safety use of piggery treatment effluents and then to realize the bactericidal intervention impact on the FS distribution and its antibiotic resistance profile. Piggery effluents from Chunan A wastewater treatment facility (Chunan A) were treated by UV radiation at different time period with UV intensity of about 1 mW/cm2 at 254 nm. For chlorination evaluation, piggery effluents from Chunan B wastewater treatment facility (Chunan B) were treated by sodium hypochloride with free residual chlorine (FRC) concentration of 0 mg/L to 25 mg/L and with chlorination time of 0 to 15 minutes. Results showed that most effluents of COD and SS from both plants could be complied with water quality standard of 1999. CODs from Chunan B effluents after Oct. 1999 were higher than the regulated standard were associated with the decreasing microbial activity from environmental temperature effects or by unstable electric power supply. UV radiation was a reliable sterilization tool for FC and FS in piggery effluents of underlined compliable effluents, and FCs were more fragiable than FSs. For 99.9% bactericidal efficiency, 84 mWs/cm2 UV254 dosage was effective for FS and 48 mWs/cm2 UV254 dosage was good for FC. Thus, FS is a better promisiable biological indicator for evaluation of the UV safety than FC. Chlorination is a good disinfection tool for FC control. While FRC up to 10 mg/L and 12 minutes disinfection time, the FC was effectively killed. However, the lowest survival fraction of FS was only -1.32 when the maximum chlorination dosage, FRC 25 mg/L--15 minutes, was applied. FS can serve as a good indicator for the evaluation of the chlorination of piggery effluent, while FC can be used to monitoring the chlorination efficiency purpose. For bactericidal intervention evaluation of FS distribution, effluents were treated by UV for 300 seconds or by 10 mg/L FRC for 12 minutes. The isolated FS strains were further identified by API rapid id32 strep identification system and then performing the selected 18 antibiotic sensitivity tests. High dose UV sterilization could alter FS’s composition and increase the resistance to the antibiotics. Chlorination caused similar FS strain pattern between Chunan A and Chunan B. However, FS isolated from Chunan A after chlorination were more resistant to ceftriaxone, cephalothin, kanamycin and penicillin G, FS from the Chunan B were more sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and kanamycin. Although the antibiotic resistance profile of both piggery wastewater share different characteristics after UV sterilization and also chlorination, the possibility of increasing antibiotic resistance after both treatment should be taken into consideration for the prevention of further public health damage.

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28

余崇業. "Safety Evaluation of Recyling Piggery Treatment Eggluents after Ultraviolet Sterilization and Chlorine Disinfection Processings." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61582981965395901951.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
88
The aims of this study were first to evaluate the bactericidal efficiency of both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and chlorination through biological pollution indicators, fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS), in order to assess the safety use of piggery treatment effluents and to realize the bactericidal intervention impact on the FS distribution and its antibiotic resistance profile. 　　Piggery effluents from Chunan A wastewater treatment facility (Chunan A) were treated by UV radiation at different time period with UV intensity of about 1 mW/cm2 at 254 nm. For chlorination evaluation, piggery effluents from Chunan B wastewater treatment treatment facility (Chunan B) were treated by sodium hypochloried with free residual chlorine (FRC) concentration of 0 mg/L to 25 mg/L and with chlorination time of 0 to 15 minutes. 　　Results showed that most effluents of COD and SS from both plants could be complied with water quality standard of 1999. CODs from Chunan B effluents after Oct. 1999 were higher than the regulated standard were associated with the decteasing microbial activity from environmental temperature effects or by unstable electric power supply. UV radiation was a reliable sterilization tool for FC and FS in piggery effluents of underlined compliable effluents, and FCs were more fragiable than FSs. For 99.9% bactericidal efficiency, 84 mWs/cm2 UV254 dosage was effective for FS and 48 mWS/cm2 UV254 dosage was good for FC. Thus, FS is a better promisiable biological indicator for evaluation of the UV safety than FC. Chlorination is a good disinfection tool for FC control. While FRC up to 10 mg/L and 12 minutes disinfection time, the FC was effectively killed. However, the lowest surival fraction of FS was only-1.32 when the maximum chlorination dosage, FRC 25 mg/L--15 minutes, was applied. FS can serve as a good indicator for the evaluation of the chlorination of piggery effluent, while FC can be used to monitoring the chlorination efficiency purpose. 　　For bactericidal intervention evaluation of FS distribution, effluents were treated by UV for 300 seconds of by 10 mg/L FRC for 12 minutes. The isolated FS strains were further identified by API rapid id32 strep identification system and then performing the selected 18 antibiotic sensitivity tests. 　　High dose UV sterilization could alter FS''s composition and increase the resistance to the antibiotics. Chlorination caused similar FS strain pattern between Chunan A and Chunan B. However, FS isolated from Chunan A after chlorination were more resistant to ceftriaxone, cephalothin, kanamycin and peniclllin G, FS from the Chunan B were more sensityve to chlorampnenicol, gentamicin and kanamycin. Although the antibiotic resistance profile of both piggery wastewater share different characteristics after UV sterilization and also chlorination, the possibility of increasing antibiotic resistance after both meatment should be taken into consideration for the prevention of further public □ damage.

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29

Wu, Jian-Bin, and 吳建彬. "Treatment of Piggery Wastewater by a Combined Anaerobic Baffled Reactor-Activated Sludge Reactor System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49463866970727740495.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
92
A combined anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)–activated sludge reactor (ASR) system was used to treat piggery wastewater (pretreated by a solids-liquid separator followed by a facultative lagoon with an HRT of 2 days; COD = 1930 – 2050 mg/L, TKN = 392 – 410 mg/L). To operate the combined reactor system, the effluent from the rear ASR was recycled to the front ABR. Thus, the ABR could proceed with denitrification and methanogenesis (with the utilization of inflow organics). Meanwhile, the ASR could proceed with aerobic degradation of the remaining organics and ammonia nitrification. Under proper operating conditions of HRT, �塶, and Re, the combined reactor system could remove 96.1% – 97.3% of COD, ~100% of TKN and 53.2% –80.1% of TN. 　　Neglecting the effect of mass transfer resistance on the overall reaction process (this assumption was also proven by independent batch experiments with the use of dispersed sludge and granular sludge), a kinetic model of substrate (COD) degradation and nitrification/denitrification in the combined reactor system is proposed. Independent batch experiments were carried out to determine most of the biological parameter values used in model simulation. In addition, all the experimental data obtained from the steady-state combined reactor system were used to validate the kinetic model. 　　According to pulse perturbation tests, the calculated tank numbers (N) and dead space of the ABRs (Runs 1 and 2) were 1.14, 1.04 and 8.2%, 13.5%, respectively. Although the ABR used in this work was divided into three compartments, the tank numbers of 1.04 – 1.14 implied that the flow regime in the liquid phase of the ABR approached complete-mix. 　　Sludge granulation occurred in the ABRs; the average granule diameter (volume fraction basis) ranged from 0.84 to 1.71 mm, and the granule diameter, biomass concentration and sp. gr. of the granule in the lower-part of the sludge-bed zone was the largest, the middle-part of the sludge-bed zone was the next and, the upper-part of the sludge-bed zone was the smallest; the three parameter values measured in the first compartment were significantly larger than those measured in the last compartment. From independent batch experiments, nitrification and substrate utilization in the ASR, denitrification and substrate utilization in the ABR, and nitrification and denitrification with enrichment culture followed Monod-type kinetics. From independent batch experiments, the estimated mass fractions of denitrifiers in the ABRs (fd) and the mass fractions of nitrifiers in the ASRs (fn) were 0.65 – 0.93 and 0.42 - 0.71, respectively. 　　According to mass-balance calculations, the specific nitrification rate and the specific substrate utilization rate in the ASRs are 0.15 – 0.47 mg TKN/mg VSS-d and 0.32 – 0.43 mg COD/mg VSS-d, respectively; while the specific denitrification rate and the specific substrate utilization rate in the ABRs are 0.041 – 0.052 mg NOx--N /mg VSS-d and 0.24 – 0.30 mg COD/mg VSS-d, respectively. The biogas contents N2 and CH4 monitored in the ABRs were 52.0% – 97.2% and 2.6% – 44.1%, respectively. 　　From the simulated results of the proposed model, the calculated residual concentrations of COD, TKN, and TN in the ABRs and ASRs were in good agreement with the experimental results; the calculated COD, TKN, and TN removal efficiencies of the combined reactor system were in good agreement with the experimental results. Accordingly, the proposed kinetic model can be appropriately used to predict treatment performance of the combined reactor system.

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30

Yang, Shih-Yu, and 楊仕宇. "Purification by biological filter bed and activated carbon for biogas from the piggery wastewater." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08700918284897374402.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
104
2014 was about 5.54 million pigs in Taiwan(C.O.A,2014), Pingtung is one of the major areas of pig. The piggery wastewater is rich in organic materials can be fermented to produce biogas.The biogas is consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, the direct release will cause the greenhouse effect. Biogas also contains hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide as a colorless toxic gas and has a strong corruption eggs smell, it will not only irritate the eyes and can harm the body's central nervous system, can also cause corroded in combination with metals, so that the development of biogas generation slowly. This study is removed high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in biogas purified by biological filter and activated carbon, and to improve the biological filter, and then purified by activated carbon ,raise the concentration of methane in the biogas. By the biological filter, hydrogen sulfide concentration can be reduced to less than 400ppm, with the transformation of biological filter rinse setting, and create a new biological filter string together, and then adjust rinse time, hydrogen sulfide concentration can be reduced to less than 10ppm. Biogas purified by activated carbon, methane concentrations up to more than 90%, average increase of about 15%. In which the preferred adsorption capacity is coconut shell activated carbon, every 100 grams coconut shell activated carbon can purified about 6.2 liters of 80% methane.

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31

Huang, Ching-Chang, and 黃慶昌. "The methane production potential for piggery wastewater treatment applying upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14491753722017826392.

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Abstract:

碩士
崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
98
In this study, a high efficiency upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) was taken for the treatment of piggery wastewater with solid-liquid separation. When the UASB reactor hydraulic loading were controled at 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 L /d, under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 53.9, 36.5, 27.4 and 18.2 hrs, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in influent were 8,367、4,965、4,790 and 5,748 mg/L, respectively; the organic loading rate (Lorg) were equivalent to 3.67, 3.27, 4.20 and 7.56 kgCOD/m3-d, respectively; the removal efficiency of COD were up to 84, 86, 83 and 82%, respectively; removal rates of COD were up to 3.08, 2.83, 3.50 and 6.17 kg COD/m3-d, respectively. In the test range, increase the hydraulic loading can significantly improve reactor performance on removal rate of organic pollutants by up to 2 times. Under the hydraulic loading of 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 L/d, the concentrations of suspended solids (SS) in influent were 2,740, 1,896, 1,457 and 1,883 mg/L, respectively; the removal efficiency of SS were up to 82, 90, 92 and 90%, respectively, indicating that UASB reactor has a satisfied performance for piggery wastewater treatment under relatively high level of suspended solids. For methane production, under the hydraulic loading of 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 L/d, a total of 1.1, 1.2, 1.1 and 1.3 m3 methane (at 1 atm and 25℃), respectively, were produced for the treatment of each cubic meter wastewater. After 663 days of prolonged operation, the methane production potential has been obtained as in the range of 0.4 to 2.6 m3 (at 1 atm and 25℃) with an average of 1.4 m3CH4 for one cubic meter of piggery wastewater treated. Usually a total of 300 m3/d wastewater was produced by ten thousands of pigs, hence a total of 420 m3 methane (at 1 atm and 25℃) will be produced, which was equivalent to 415 liter oil equivalent (LOE). In Taiwan, a total of 614 millions of pigs were raised, it means that 255 KLOE per day, and 93,000 KLOE per year were harvested from the treatment of piggery wastewater. If the biogas was properly collected and utilized, it will reduce the emission of green house gas significantly.

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32

Liang-ChiungCheng and 鄭喨瓊. "Life cycle assessment of microalgae-based treatment for piggery wastewater in pig farming systems." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x46cfk.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學工程學系
107
The pig manure generated from intensive pig farming is known to have significant impacts on the environment. The nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the piggery wastewater contaminate the soil and bodies of water. However, these nutrients can also become a good source to cultivate microalgae. The present work aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of microalgae-based pig production system using high-rate algal pond (HRAP) through mass balances, energy balances and life cycle assessment. The system involved simultaneous treatment of piggery wastewater using microalgae, co-anaerobic digestion of pig manure and microalgal biomass, biogas cogeneration, and substitution of pig feed. The organic residues after the anaerobic digestion could be applied as fertilizers to farmland and replace mineral fertilizers. The environmental performances of four scenarios including (1) conventional application; (2) anaerobic digestion (AD) only; (3) AD and HRAP; and (4) co-AD and HRAP were compared. As shown in the results, pig feed production contributed to the most environmental impact in all scenarios. For the overall system, the ReCiPe midpoint indicators of proposed systems (scenario 3 and 4) decreased in most of the categories and ReCiPe endpoint indicators were also saved by 40%, and 29% respectively compared to scenario 1. Although scenario 2 generated the most net energy, the nutrient footprint revealed that proposed systems significantly improved the nutrient recovery. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis was implemented in three aspects: feedstuff, anaerobic digestion, and HRAP for proposed systems. The results indicated that the feed conversion rate was the main factor in improving environmental performance. In summary, combining microalgae-based wastewater treatment into pig farming system has advantages of net energy production, better nutrient recovery and better performance concerning environmental impacts.

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Fung, Huan-Jie, and 馮煥杰. "A Comparison of Economic Benefit between Three-step Piggery Wastewater Treatment and Sequencing Batch Reactor." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64123610914924329363.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系
90
As the swine industry keep expanding for the past three decade, the environmental pollution problems started to gather public attention. Nowadays, over 90% of the piggeries with animal size of over 200 heads are equipped with the Three-step Piggery Wastewater Treatment(TPWT). However, the COD(Chemistry Oxygen Demand) level cannot meet the new Effluent Standards of 1998. Therefore, finding an efficient and economical approach to meet the effluent standard is the most urgent issue. The primary goal of this study is to compare the relative economic performance of the Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) and the TPWT. Secondary data and expert opinion were collected to understand pig industry development and figure out the construction cost of SBR and TPWT. The results are as follow: First, the result indicates that the scale of pig production unit has a trend of becoming larger and larger to be benefited from scale economies. However, in terms of the farm numbers, the scales of 200~999 and 1000~1999 have the highest percentage. Second, with the conditions of comparison used in this study, when the animal size are 1000 and 2000 heads, the economic benefit from the criteria of financial feasibility of SBR is greater than TPWT. The controlled factors include piggery construction, size of operation, material of the equipment and the land required, manpower and electricity. The tank set up cost for constructing the reaction tank of SBR is about NT$700~1000/pig cheaper than TPWT. SBR needs less land area than TPWT. With 1000-pig scale and 2000-pig scale operations, the land requirements for SBR are 137.4m2 and 225.3m2 less than those for the TPWT respectively. From the perspective of energy consumption, since the SBR uses intermittent aeration process which is less expenditure than the TPWT which runs the continuous aeration process. Cost-effectiveness analysis results also indicated that the SBR has higher economic benefit than the TPWT. The reasons are that the investment cost of SBR is lower than TPWT, and SBR can adjust processing time flexibly to meet effluent standard. If the effluent standard exceed previous design or the scale of operation increases in the future, the pig farms can set up another reaction tank to form a multi-tank SBR system to increase treatment capacity.

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Hwang, Hoei-Yuan, and 黃輝源. "The Study of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Piggery Wastewater Impact on Ta-An Beach Water Quality." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78338811558746601363.

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博士
雲林科技大學
工程科技研究所博士班
98
Taiwan environmental authorities undertook recently a marine monitoring investigation, in which the Escherichia coli (E.coli) count at eight beaches exceeded “standard A” (1,000 CFU/100 mL). The largest one, Ta-An Beach in Taichung County, accounted for approximately 51% of the E.coli counts. Adjacent sewage, piggery and duck wastewater discharge directly into this area. The traditional analytical methods can not easily trace the pollution source. Therefore, based on PCR-DGGE technology, this study establishes fingerprints of micro-organisms from water samples and performs comparative analysis with microbiological composition. The possible sources of biological contamination are then determined. An attempt is also made to trace the pollution source based on use of the multi-gene sequence analysis method, in which the bacteria without pure separation after these samples are counted by the culture medium. Analytical results indicate that the E. coli diversity in Ta-An Beach is lower than that in the adjacent land drainage. The microbial communities (E.coli and Bacilus) of the beach closely resemble those of with piggery wastewater in the upstream region. Meanwhile, linear regression analysis reveals a significantly positive correlation between the piggery and beach with a coefficient of determination R=0.4102～0.7387. Above results confirm that piggery wastewater is the major pollution source for Ta-An Beach. Analytical methods and the technology adopted in this study can identify water pollution sources at a short interval, i.e. around 12 hr, and ultimately improve water quality planning. The high stability and reliability of the proposed method provides a valuable reference for efforts to track and identify future contamination sources.

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Lai, Tian De, and 賴天德. "Effect of addition of nitrate on nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater treated by a sequential biological reaction process." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57303625482949097578.

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HUANG, YU-CHENG, and 黃鈺鉦. "Hybrid Process for Producing Biodiesel and Treating Piggery Wastewater by the Autrophication and the Mixotrophication of Scenedesmus sp." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56804079147327743641.

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碩士
大仁科技大學
環境管理研究所
101
The energy demand for fossil fuel is globally increasing. However, extensive utilization of fossil fuels has led to global warming and environmental impacts due to the attributed increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore,a significant interest was turning more attention to develop the new, clean, and sustainable energy sources in many countries. Microalgae, widely recognized as the feedstock for third-generation of biofuels. Have a higher biomass production and a faster growth rate than other energy crops. Many microalgae are exceedingly rich in lipid content for producing biodiesel. However, the accumulation of lipid and increase of cell growth rate depend on diverse factors, including cultivation conditions, algal species, and growth environments. There are four major types of cultivation conditions for microalgae: photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photoheterotrophic cultivation. Although biodiesel is environmentally sustainable, it should be produced practically and economically. One of the methods to reduce costs of algal biomass is to integrate wastewater treatment with algae biomass production. One of the dominant green algal species, Scenedesmus sp., was isolated from local constructed wetland and firstly cultured in autotrophic and mixotrophic growth to compare the biomass production. Carbon dioxide and piggery wastewater was served as the carbon and nutrient sources for the cultures, respectively. The kinetics on nutrient utilization and lipid accumulation under their respective optimal growth were then studied. The effects of nitrogen sources at similar nitrogen concentrations on cell growth and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus sp. under autotrophic growth were also examined. For the mixotrophic growth, the effects of piggery wastewater content, incubation time, and biomass concentration on the growth rate, nutrient removal efficiency, and biodiesel production were examined by using a central composite design (CCD). Preliminary results indicated that an appropriate composition of each source was beneficial for biomass production, 8 % (v/v) CO2, and 40 % piggery wastewater content for autotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation, respectively. The specific growth rate and lipid productivity obtained with autotrophic growth were slightly higher than those obtained by mixotrophic growth. Furthermore, cell cultured in nitrite nitrogen (NO2-) under autotrophic growth has a high lipid productivity and nutrient removal compared with those cultured by NH4+ and NO3- nitrogen. Results from the CCD tests show that considtration of the experimental range, the most important factor for lipid productivity and nutrient removal is incubation time. The highest lipid productivity (25.23 mg/L.d) and nutrient removal were obtained at the following conditions: piggery wastewater content (50 %), biomass concentration (OD > 0.3), and incubation time (5-7 days). The mixotrophic cultivation not only produced biomass, but also could assimilate up to 78.56 % total nitrogen, 70.38 % total phosphorus, and 80.91 % COD from piggery wastewater, respectively. In conclusion, Scenedesmus sp. may be a potential strain for integrating piggery wastewater treatment with algae biodiesel production.

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Jhang, Wei-Jyun, and 張偉鈞. "Application of response surface methodology for Chodatella sp. nutrient removal from piggery wastewater and optimization of biofuel production." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88212504209922473447.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
水產養殖系所
100
Microalgae have a higher biomass production and a faster growth rate than other energy crops and attract a lot of attention as a potential source of biofuel. Many microalgae are exceedingly rich in lipid content, which is converted into biodiesel. However, biodiesel should be produced practically and economically. One of the methods to reduce costs of algae mass cultivation is to integrate wastewater treatment with algae biomass production. Some microalgae are able to effectively grow in wastewater conditions through their ability to utilize abundant organic carbon and inorganic N and P in the wastewater. The main objective of the study is to understand the abilities of the microalgae on the nutrient removal from piggery wastewater and their potential for lipid production. The first study focuses on the batch kinetics nitrogen and phosphorus removal from piggery wastewater by microalgae. The effect of aeration rate, temperature of culture, and cultivation time on growth rate and lipid content of biomass were then studied by using a response surface methodology. The experimental design was used to determine the joint effects of several factors on a response. It was also used to determine the individual and cumulative effects of these variables and the mutual interactions between them. Experimental results indicated that the effect of different content of piggery wastewater on growth rate and nutrient removal was identified. The higher growth rates were observed with the piggery wastewater content of 40 ~ 60 %. High piggery wastewater content (> 80 %) in the culture resulted in a decrease of cell growth rate. The TKN, NH3-N, and TP removal rate reached up to 69 %, 97 %, and 84 %, respectively. The result also found that high piggery wastewater content was capable of enhancing the nutrients removal rate during 2-4 day cultivation period. The results from experimental design show that within the experimental range examined the most important factor for increasing the bioenergy potential of the biomass and nutrients removal is the aeration rate. Under 40 % piggery wastewater content, the highest biodiesel (FAMEs) production was obtained using the following conditions: temperature (> 25 ºC), aeration rate (> 1 L/min), and cultivation time (> 60 hrs). The nutrient removal rate was also mainly controlled by the aeration rate.

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Chiou, De-Long, and 邱德隆. "The Impacts of Water Pollution Control Fees on the Piggery Industry －A Comparative Study by the questionnaire inquisition and interview." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79367735170929115845.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
93
Taiwan''s pig-breeding industry in front of the foot-and-mouth disease event, the pig-breeding industry besides sells internally, still had the very strong international competition strength, after the foot-and-mouth disease event, lost the export market competitive ability, the pig-breeding industry transfers supplies the domestic market primarily, not only the glory scenery not in, also the management gradually was difficult, even felt pessimistic. The Yunlin County pig-breeding industry for the national second easy childbirth place, is only inferior to Pingdong County, in November, 2001 joins World Trade Organization WTO, in accordance to the free trade and the globalization tidal current, directly faces other national meat competitions, causes the pig-breeding industry management environment to be more difficult, has the very big impact to the pig-breeding industry, if again begins levying taxes the Water Pollution Control Fees, cost of burden the institution increase, its exterior cost interior melts, might anticipated have the significant influence. Formerly industry because the Water Pollution Control Fees levied regarding this matter possibly produces to affect the research to lack, this research by literature analytic method, thorough in-depth interview and questionnaire survey way, discussion industry development and environmental protection relations. The findings discovered pig-breeding industry approval pollution to pay expenses the system, but whether agreed levies the Water Pollution Control Fees, then choose cannot determine. After the Water Pollution Control Fees begins levying taxes, raises the pig management scale to have mostly can continue to maintain the original number, but raises the way multi-dimensional impartial form, pig-breeding industry to be able because Water Pollution Control Fees to levy changes the management way, especially reduces with the water volume are most, does not treat as the pig-breeding industry excreta the pollutant, opposite turns one kind of resources to use again, this also will be future of tendency the world. Levies Water Pollution Control Fees the major effect to enhance for the cost of operation, if each pig must increase more costs, later possibly will be able to rise in prices besides the pig price, more worrying will be, raise the pig household will possibly to be able the normal operation waste water handling equipment, will cause the original waste water to steal a row of situation to be more serious, causes the pollution, like this, instead achieved " Economic Incentive " environmental protection desired effects, this will be the unit concerned should have to take with the consideration.

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LIN, HAN-CHIEH, and 林翰傑. "Serological Survey on Leptospirosis of Piggery Workers, Pigs, Rats and Other Animals-Detection of Leptospirosis in Dengue-Negative Patients from CDC in Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74660002402740519069.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
89
Leptospirosis patients may show influenza-like clinical symptoms, and always have been disregarded by the physicians in Taiwan. In order to realize the transmission and present situations of leptospirosis in Taiwan, the study is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the detection of antibody to different serovars and pathogen isolation among workers, pigs, rats and other animals in piggery. The results are used to analyze of disease transmission routes in the piggery, and give recommendations to disease prevention. Due to the epidemic period and clinical symptoms between leptospirosis and the dengue fever are very similar, and therefore mis-diagnosed or under-diagnosed. The second part aims at the 227 negative sera (186 cases) submitted to Center of Disease Control (CDC) dengue fever surveillance system which were collected from August to December, 2000. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the under-diagnosesd status of leptospirosis. The results revealed all the leptospires isolated from rats were identified as belonging to the poi serovar, which were different to the prevailing serovars, namely shermani in piggery workers and serovars shermani, bratislava in pigs. This excludes the possible role of rats as sources of infection in the piggery. The seroprevalence of negative sera in dengue surveillance system is 23%(42/186), the prevalent serovars are shermani, bratislava and hebdomadis. The seroprevalence is significantly lower in the current leptospirosis surveillance system, which is 16% (17/108), the prevalent serovars are shermani, tarassovi and bratislava. The major two reacting serovars shermani and bratislava are common between in these two systems. However, the higher geometric mean titer appears in other serovars. Physicians should consider leptospirosis in the dengue suspected patients. Continue serological survey and more pathogen isolation works are required for elucidating the true epidemiological status of leptospirosis in Taiwan.

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BUSTA, Ondřej. "Řešení technických a technologických zařízení v návrhu novostavby vepřína u obce Kamenný Újezd." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317743.

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The first part of the thesis focuses on describing the potential and most commonly utilized technical solutions, including technological equipment, for the specified type of building. This is supplemented with detailed information regarding the appropriate legislative conditions for such buildings. The second part focuses on the design solution itself and includes technical schemes and drawings.

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41

Runji, Joel, and Joel Runji. "Development of Piggy-bank Robot Duck." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52713507617488870271.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
103
The main objective of the study was to develop a piggy bank robot duck with interactive functionalities that spur savings by users. Specifically, the study required design and implementation of coin handling mechanism, a wing flapping and folding mechanism, a beak motion mechanism and a novel a skin growth mechanism. Coin recognition was achieved by means of treebagger ensembles with bootstrap bagging algorithm on the hall sensor output. The wing flapping and folding mechanisms were achieved through 4 bar linkage mechanism following Grashof’s principles. A beak motion mechanism was also implemented through a linkage mechanism and was driven by a rack and pinion assembly connected to a servo motor. Lastly, the skin growth mechanism was achieved by coupling shape memory alloy (SMA) compression springs to suspended PLA body structure held in place by medium soft rubber. In conclusion, all the laid objectives were implemented and the study proposes that in future, natural language processing capabilities be included in the piggy bank robot. In addition, the study proposes a mother piggy bank robot version be developed with coin egg laying capabilities.

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Cunha, Marta Dantas da. "When modern distribution owns the piggy bowl." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/17414.

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Founded in 1971, Raporal was a venture of 18 pig farmers whose aim was to produce good quality animal food. The success of this venture allowed Raporal to expand down the entire chain of pork and beef production. The focus on a vertical production structure has also contributed to Raporal’s ability to respond effectively to the industry challenges and become one of the top players in the sector in Portugal. Despite its success, the changes in the macro-economic environment that accounted for the leading position of supermarkets in the grocery market and the growth of their private labels, presented a threat to Raporal, which experienced a significant decrease in sales, in 2006. In face of these events, its management looked for ways to establish binding agreements with important distributors in order to guarantee their space in the market. This partnership resulted in a sudden strategic change for Raporal which initiated its path in the production of a differentiated product. This case illustrates the importance of the producer and distributor relations, and includes themes such as differentiation, vertical integration and the strong growth of private labels, topics which are addressed in the literature review with the aid of some relevant models. The analysis in the teaching note section focuses mainly on the development of potential solutions to Raporal’s current problems. Amongst which is the strong bargaining power of buyers and the effectiveness of differentiation as a means to mitigate such tendency.
A Raporal aparece em 1971, resultado da associação de 18 suinicultores com o intuito de produzir ração de alta qualidade para os seus animais. Através de uma gestão dinâmica e ambiciosa a Raporal posiciona-se agora em toda a fileira de carne de suíno e bovino, e com uma estrutura de produção verticalizada, tem respondido de forma eficaz aos desafios da indústria para se tornar numa das maiores empreses no sector em Portugal. Apesar do sucesso actual, em 2006, as mudanças no plano macroeconómico, com a liderança dos supermercados no sector de retalho alimentar e o crescimento das marcas próprias ameaçavam o sucesso da Raporal, que sentia uma queda acentuada nos seus resultados. Fase às adversidades, a administração da Raporal procurava estabelecer uma parceria com um dos líderes da distribuição moderna, com o intuito de garantir o seu lugar no mercado. Esta parceria resultou de uma mudança no plano estratégico da Raporal que aumentou o seu portfólio de produtos diferenciados. Este caso é interessante por abordar o tema do relacionamento entre produtor e distribuidor. De uma perspectiva académica a Raporal abrange temas como a diferenciação, a verticalização e o forte crescimento das marcas brancas. Temas que são abordados com o apoio de modelos relevantes introduzidos na revisão de literatura. A análise final foca-se essencialmente na exploração de potenciais soluções para os problemas actuais da Raporal, entre eles o forte puder de negociação dos compradores, e a eficácia da diferenciação como forma de abrandar esta tendência.

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chih-han, Cheng, and 鄭之涵. "Creative Discourse of Short Film “Piggy Bank”." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28617235518859336425.

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碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
應用媒體藝術研究所
99
Our concepts, values, characters are deeply influenced by our families of origin. The composing purpose of the film “Piggy Bank” is to let people experience different lives and worlds by telling a little story and reflecting themselves into roles in the movie. The story is based on the author's childhood experience and is depicted realistically. It is strung up with a little girl's point of view, how she regards the dream and the reality, and how she identifies the meaning of life by her own affection. By recalling the author's own childhood experience, she can reflect the meaning of dreams and the difficult position she stood in when her dream was broken. When the author shot the short film, she discovered that children's aspects of values were very different, which was deep rooted by their families of origin. The way they treated money was just reprinted from the way their parents did. This shows the importance of both the education and the environment. At the end of story, it sings about love and hope, to convey the concern about kids and family education. During the process of composing, miracles were often encountered. This thesis focuses on the works, the knowledge learned, problems faced and solved, and what improvement can be made from film scripting, pre-production, execution and the process of shooting, the application of arts and animations, and the directing of children actors.

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Ungemach, Veronika. "Piggy-Back-IOL-Implantation bei hochgradig hyperopen Augen /." 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013051173&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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45

Chen, Yan-Ru, and 陳彥儒. "Methods for Making a 3D-Printable Piggy-Bank." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83854403928862747941.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
104
Nowadays, we can get a piggy-bank by buying from the store or making a handmade one. Both of methods cannot reflect users’ design completely. In this thesis, we propose a 3D model design assistant tool. Users can design the 3D model of piggy-bank, which is equipped with basic function, by their requirements. First, we provide three different processes to get 3D models. After reduce volume of 3D model, add place to put money in and take money out, the 3D model can be printed with 3D printer. We want to simplify all operation in the process so that users can make their unique piggy-bank unburdened and easy. In addition, reducing volume of piggy-bank, or volume optimization, is important for saving printing material and time. Therefore, we propose two methods for volume optimization by mean curvature and Minkowski Sum.

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WENG, CHENG-HAO, and 翁晟豪. "Piggy-Bank with Fingerprint Recognition and Coin Recognition System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43gd2p.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
光電工程系光電與材料科技碩士班
107
This study designed and developed a smart home piggy bank with fingerprint recognition and an app database. With this product, a whole family wouldn’t need another piggy bank. And the innovation of this product helps to facility parent-child relationships with parents being a role model to guide their children to form a good habit of saving money. This study adopted the Holtek HT66F70A MCU for control, the UART fingerprint recognition module for identification, and the coin categorization mechanism and the infrared sensors for coin recognition. The detailed data in relation to putting in and taking out coins can be uploaded to the app database over Bluetooth. The interface of the app is friendly and easy to understand. Users can obtain clear information regarding their current saving rates. When users would like to take out some coins, this device can push out coins in order of putting through a convenient process without complex steps. Parents can also give their children pocket money through the money transfer function of the app, to realize good parent-child interactions through an innovative and interesting way combined with modern technology and to teach children the right concepts of saving and financial management.

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Lin, Fang-Yu, and 林芳裕. "The Mechanism and Electrical Circuit Design for A Piggy-Bank Robot." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07302827536791575876.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
101
The purpose of this thesis is to design a coin-swallow/ejection device for a funny piggy bank to draw attention from kids. The coin-swallow mechanism uses the eddy-current circuit to detect whether the target coin is a metal. If yes, the motor will rotate a complete stroke to allow the electrical magnet adhered swallow-rod to move the money to drop into the storage space of the piggy bank. The coin-ejection mechanism will spew the non-metal coin after the motor rotates a shorten stroke and the electric magnet is disconnected. Three main circuits are devised for this robot, including the eddy-current detective circuit, the CNY70 detective circuit, and the magnetic iron detective circuit. Finally, the coin swallow/ejection mechanism and the three main circuits are successfully integrated. The experiments validate good performance of the design.

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Freeman, Carrie Packwood. "This little piggy went to press the American news media's construction of animals in agriculture /." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/freeman%5Fcarrie%5Fp%5F200408%5Fma.

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Hsieh, Meng-Chun, and 謝孟君. "Where Did the Piggy Bank Come from?Comparative Spatial Analysis of Individual Political Donations of Tsai Ing-wen and Ma Ying-jeou during Taiwan’s 2012 Presidential Election." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pz9a5j.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
105
Through the “Political Contributions Law” implemented in 2004, the public is able to support specific political parties or candidates through political donations. During Taiwan’s 2012 presidential election, three two and a half year old triplets gave three piggy banks as a donation to Tsai Ing-wen during a Tainan campaign rally. After the campaign rally, Tsai Ing-wen’s campaign headquarters received a call from The Control Yuan’s declaring an investigation into whether Tsai Ing-wen violated the “Political Contributions Law” by accepting political donations from minors. The Democratic Progressive Party countered by admonishing The Control Yuan for violating administrative neutrality. Furthermore, the Democratic Progressive Party was able to use the “Piggy Banks” issue to increase the momentum of their ongoing election campaign, raising large amounts of individual political donations as a result. Although the Democratic Progressive Party failed to win the presidential election in 2012, people were curious about the charm of “Piggy Banks”. The study uses exploratory spatial data analysis to probe the population structure, social positions and economic status of individual political donations to Tsai Ing-wen. An initial analysis is performed via Ordinary Least Squares, adopting individual political donations from Taiwan’s 349 geographic units as dependent variables, and adding regional attribute variables and spatial variables as independent variables, including the urbanization degree, the income, the population structure, the ethic distribution, the education level, the industrial structure, and the political ecology in local areas, and so forth. The study further uses Spatial Lag Model, Spatial Error Model, and General Spatial Model to discuss the spatial effects caused by proximity effect and spatial error. Moreover, this research compares Tsai Ing-wen’s individual political donations with Ma Ying-jeou’s. The results show a vast difference of the R-squared values between the two models and that Tsai Ing-wen’s individual political donations can be far explained by the independent variables than Ma Ying-jeou’s. Last but not least, the research discovers that individual political donations do not correspond to voting rates, which deserves further exploration.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Piggery'

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