Journal articles: 'Pig'

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Harmawanto, Agung Gagah, Yosef Cahyo Setianto Poernomo, and Sigit Winarto. "PERENCANAAN ALTERNATIF GEOMETRIK DAN METODE PELAKSANAAN RUAS JALAN NGRAHO – NGAWI STA.14+500 - STA.19+500." Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & Teknik Sipil 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jurmateks.v2i2.510.

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Ngraho - Ngawi Sta. 14 + 500 – Sta. 19 + 500 highway is a collector connecting Bojonegoro to Ngawi Due to high traffic density, a road geometric Development is in need. The objective of this final project is to plan a good alternative geometric design-safe, comfortable, and easy to access. The required data were of topographic map and the road geometric design was based on the “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” General Works Standart No. 038/TBM/1997. The calculations result in Class 2 – lane collector road with one lane of 3 m wide having 8 turns, twists PI1 Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, and turn PI8 Spiral-Spiral shape PPV PPV 1 concave and 2 convex, concave 3 PPV.Jalan provinsi ruas Ngraho – Ngawi Sta. 14+500 – Sta. 19+500 adalah jalan kolektor yang menghubungkan kota Bojonegoro - Ngawi. Karena lalu lintasnya padat, maka perlu diadakan peningkatan geometrik jalan. Dalam laporan akhir ini penulis membuat perencanaan alternatif desain geometrik jalan yang baik-aman,nyaman, dan mudah diakses oleh pengguna jalan. Data yang digunakan adalah peta topografi dan perencanaan desain geometrik jalan berpedoman oleh “Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota” Standar Bina Marga No.038/TBM/1997. Dari perhitungan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: kelas jalan kolektor dengan 2 lajur 1 jalur dan memiliki lebar 3 m, 8 tikungan, tikungan PI1Spiral-Spiral, PI2 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI3 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI4 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI5 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI6 Spiral-Circle-Spiral, PI7 Spiral-Circle-Spiral,dan tikunganPI8 Spiral-Spiralbentuk PPV 1 cekung dan PPV 2 cembung, PPV 3 cekung.

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Kawasaki-Tanaka, A., N. Hayashi, S. Yanagihara, and Y. Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Japan." Plant Disease 100, no. 4 (April 2016): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-15-0442-re.

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In total, 310 rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) isolates from Japan showed wide variation in virulence. Virulence on rice (Oryza sativa L.) differential varieties (DV) harboring resistance genes Pish, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, and Pi19(t) ranged from 82.9 to 100.0%. In contrast, virulence on DV possessing Pib, Pit, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pita-2, Pita, Pi12(t), and Pi20(t) ranged from 0 to 21.6%. Cluster analysis using the reaction patterns of the DV classified isolates into three groups: I, virulent to Pik, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pik-m, Pi1, and Pi7(t); IIa, avirulent to the preceding 6 genes and virulent to Pia, Pii, Pi3, and Pi5(t); and IIb, avirulent to all 10 genes. Group I was limited to northern Japan and group IIb to central Japan, while group IIa was distributed throughout Japan. We estimate that group IIa represents the original population and that groups I and IIb arose from it through minor changes in pathogenicity. We classified these isolates into 123 races by a new designation system and conclude that the rice blast races in Japan are less diverse than previously thought.

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Fukuta, Yoshimichi, Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria, Nagao Hayashi, Seiji Yanagihara, Catherine Wanjiku Machungo, and Daigo Makihara. "Pathogenicities of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Isolates From Kenya." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-19-0870-re.

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A total of 99 isolates of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) were collected from 2010 to 2015 from four regions in Kenya: Kirinyaga County and Embu County, Kisumu County, Tana River County, and Mombasa County. The pathogenicities of these isolates were clarified based on the reaction patterns of Lijiangxintuanheigu and differential varieties (DVs) targeting 23 resistance genes. The frequency of virulent isolates was high for DVs for Pib, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t); low for DVs for Pish, Pi9(t), Piz-5, and Piz-t; and intermediate for the remaining DVs for Pit, Piz, Pita-2, Pita, and Pi12(t). These blast isolates were classified into three cluster groups: Ia, Ib, and II. The frequencies of virulent isolates to DVs for Pit, Pii, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz, and Pi12(t) differed markedly between clusters I and II, and those of DVs for Pib, Pit, Pia, Pi3, Pita-2, Pita, and Pi20(t) differed between Ia and Ib. The frequencies of cluster groups in the four geographical regions were different. A total of 62 races were found, with 19 blast isolates categorized into one race (U63-i7-k177-z00-ta003), whereas the other races included only some isolates in each.

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Misman, Siti Norsuha, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak, Nur Syahirah Ahmad Sobri, and Latiffah Zakaria. "Virulence Pattern of Pyricularia oryzae Pathotypes Towards Blast Monogenic Lines." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.8.

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Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.

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Misman, Siti Norsuha, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak, Nur Syahirah Ahmad Sobri, and Latiffah Zakaria. "Virulence Pattern of Pyricularia oryzae Pathotypes Towards Blast Monogenic Lines." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.8.

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Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.

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Nguyet, Nguyen T. M., Hoang H. Long, Nguyen B. Ngoc, Nguyen T. Nhai, Nguyen T. T. Thuy, Nagao Hayashi, and Yoshimichi Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Vietnam." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1008-re.

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A total of 239 isolates of blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) collected from northern and central Vietnam showed a wide variation in pathogenicity based on the reaction patterns to 25 differential varieties (DVs) harboring 23 resistance genes and susceptible cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH). The frequencies of isolates virulent toward DVs for Pish, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz-5, Pita-2, and Pita were low, but they were high for DVs for Pib, Pit, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Piz, Piz-t, Pi12(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t). Isolates were classified into three cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II based on reaction patterns to DVs and LTH. The frequencies of isolates virulent toward 11 DVs for Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Pita-2, and Pita in cluster II and DV for Piz-t were higher and lower than those of Ia and Ib, respectively. The frequencies to DVs for Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), and Piz-t were different between clusters Ia and Ib. Clusters Ia and Ib were distributed with similar frequencies in the northeast, north central, and south central coast regions, but the frequencies among three cluster groups in the Red River Delta and northwest regions were different. This means that the blast races in these two regions were different from the others. Overall, the blast isolates were categorized into 153 races. Among them, 26 were selected as a set of standard differential blast isolates for characterizing 23 resistance genes and developing a differential system in Vietnam.

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Wang, Dongyuan, Feng Zhu, Jichun Wang, Hongguang Ju, Yongfeng Yan, Shanyan Qi, Yuping Ou, and Chengli Tian. "Pathogenicity Analyses of Rice Blast Fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) from Japonica Rice Area of Northeast China." Pathogens 13, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030211.

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In order to understand the pathogenicity differentiation of rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara), a total of 206 isolates of P. oryzae were collected from three Japonica rice regions in Jilin Province, northeast China. Pathogenicity test showed that the reaction pattern of 25 monogenic differential varieties (MDVs) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) demonstrated a wide pathogenic diversity among the isolates. Those MDVs harbor 23 resistance (R) genes with the susceptible variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) as control. Virulent isolates of MDVs harboring R genes Pish, Pit, Pia, Pii, Pik-s, Pik, Pita (two lines), and Pita-2 (two lines) had high frequencies ranging from 80 to 100%, to MDVs harboring R genes Pib, Pi5(t), Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz, Piz-5, and Piz-t showed intermediate frequencies ranging from 40 to 80%, and to MDVs with R genes Pi3, Pi9(t), Pi12(t), Pi19(t) and Pi20(t) presented low frequencies ranging only from 0 to 40%. The U-i-k-z-ta pattern of race-named criteria categorized the 206 isolates into 175 races. Sub-unit U73 for Pib, i7 for Pi3 and Pi5(t), k177 for Pik-m/Pik-h/Pik-p, z17 for Pi9(t), and ta332 for Pi20(t) were crucial on pathogenic differences in regions. Twenty-seven standard differential blast isolates (SDBIs) were selected to characterize resistance in rice accessions. This study could help to build a durable identification system against blast in the Japonica rice area of northeast China and enhance our understanding of the differentiation and diversity of blast races in the world.

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Zoelfan, Fahmi, Malikah Umar, and Desi Maharani Agustini. "ESTIMASI BOBOT BADAN BERDASARKAN DIMENSI TUBUH SAPI MADURA BETINA." Maduranch : Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan 8, no. 2 (August 29, 2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53712/maduranch.v8i2.2036.

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Sapi Madura sebagai salah satu ternak lokal di Indonesia yang memiliki kesempatan baik untuk dikembangkan, mengingat tingkat kontribusinya yang relative tinggi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan daging nasional. Akan tetapi kelemahan dan keterbatasan sapi Madura terdapat pada pertumbuhan yang cukup lambat, hal tersebut dikarenakan manajemen pemberian pakan yang kurang tepat sehingga sapi Madura tumbuh tidak sesuai dengan potensi genetiknya (Umar, 2016). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keeretan hubungan dimensi tubuh terhadap bobot badan sapi Madura betina. Materi penelitian menggunakan sapi Madura betina mulai dari PI0 sebanyak 25 ekor, PI1 sebanyak 9 ekor, PI2 sebanyak 55 ekor, PI3 sebanyak 34 ekor, PI4 sebanyak 58 ekor.. Metode dan Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan menggunakan metode surve. Variabel yang di ukur adalah panjang badan, tinggi badan dan lingkar dada. Hasil penelitin rataan lingkar dada, tinggi badan, panjang badan dan bobot badan sapi Madura betina yaitu dapat diketahui bahwa semakin tua sapi maka rata-rata lingkar dada semakin bertambah. Nilai korelasi bobot badan dengan lingkar dada pada PI0 sebesar 0,91, PI1 sebesar 0,82, PI2 sebesar 0,85, PI3 sebesar 0,86 dan PI4 sebesar 0,85. Dengan demikian lingkar dada dapat dijadikan sebagai alat penduga bobot badan karena memiliki keeratan dimensi.

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Stratil, A., D. Čižová-Schröffelová, E. Gábrišová, M. Pavlik, W. Coppieters, L. Peelman, A. Van de Weghe, and Y. Bouquet. "Pig plasma α-protease inhibitors PI2, PI3 and PI4 are members of the antichymotrypsin family." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 111, no. 1 (May 1995): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(94)00232-j.

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Dost, Mir, and Yuosre F. Badir. "Generation or adoption? The role of social capital." Management Decision 57, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 1457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2017-1108.

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Purpose Innovation is critical for the firms to gain competitive advantage and improve performance. Such innovation stems from process innovation generation (PIG) and/or process innovation adoption (PIA). PIG vs PIA motivates firms for cutting development cost, reducing development time, improving product quality, saving energy, preventing or mitigating pollution and recycling waste. Various factors have been identified as the determinants of PIG and PIA. One of them is social capital. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze the effects of social capital on PIG and/or PIA, and second, to analyze whether the moderation of human capital strengthens/weakens this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 318 Pakistani chemical companies was collected for examining the hypotheses. Using hierarchical multiple regression, it relates to the effects of social capital and PIG and PIA; and moderation of human capital. The paper also discusses the theoretical and managerial implications. Findings The results confirm the hypotheses. The paper finds that social capital ambidextrously impacts on both PIG and PIA. However, this relationship strengthens when there is an interaction of human capital. Practical implications Social capital appears to be a powerful driver for generation and adoption of process innovation. Such innovation is a collaborative effort, with social capital assuming a central role. It follows that management would be well served by encouraging communication, flexible dissemination of information integration and sharing of knowledge. Originality/value The main value of this paper is in its analysis and testing of the relation of social capital and PIG and PIA. The majority of the literature underlines the paper’s seeking after social capital for product innovation. However, this topic has not been studied in depth and requires more attention, as processes are different and have different antecedents and outcomes.

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Ross, Michelle. "Little Pig, Little Pig." Colorado Review 51, no. 1 (March 2024): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2024.a922461.

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Abstract: In a world fraught with external threats, a divorced mother grapples with growing unease—toward her fourteen-year-old son, who has begun to eerily resemble her violent brother, as well as toward her own judgment, which begins to come into question when she gives in to her son’s demands to move into their shed. As the story unfolds, the line between reality and perception blurs, leaving the mother with an unsettling sense of uncertainty.

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Xangsayasane, Phetmanyseng, Chanthakone Boualaphanh, Chay Bounphanousay, Viengphone Bounphanousay, Phatsalakone Manivong, Singty Voradeth, Phoumi Inthapanya, et al. "Genetic Variation of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) Isolates in Laos." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-05-20-0041-rs.

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The pathogenicity of 192 blast isolates collected from regions across the whole of Laos from 2007 to 2009 showed a wide variation in terms of the frequencies of virulence toward differential varieties (DVs) and the susceptible control cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu. High frequencies of virulence (>50%) were found in the reactions of DVs for Pit, Pia, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Piz-t, Pi19(t), and Pi20(t); intermediate values (from 10 to 50%) were found in DVs for Pib, Pii, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz-5, Pita (two lines), Pita-2 (two lines), and Pi12(t); and low frequencies (<10%) were found in DVs for Pish, Piz, and Pi9(t). The blast isolates were classified into three cluster groups: Ia and Ib (low virulence) and II (high virulence), based on the patterns of reaction to them. The blast isolates in cluster group Ia were dominant in rainfed lowland areas, those in Ib were dominant in irrigated lowland areas, and those in II were dominant in upland areas. Cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II were dominant in the Southern, Central, and Northern regions, respectively. Blast races in Laos were distributed according to ecosystems for rice cultivation and geographical regions from south to north with different virulence. These isolates were categorized into 156 races, and the numbers of blast isolates were few in each race. A total of 15 representative isolates were selected from among them as standard differential blast isolates, to develop a differential system.

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Khan, M. A. I., M. A. Ali, M. A. Monsur, A. Kawasaki-Tanaka, N. Hayashi, S. Yanagihara, M. Obara, M. A. T. Mia, M. A. Latif, and Y. Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Bangladesh." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1486-re.

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The pathogenicity of 331 blast isolates (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) collected from different regions and ecosystems for rice cultivation in Bangladesh was evaluated by compatibility on 23 differential varieties (DV), each harboring a single blast resistance gene, and susceptible ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’ (LTH). A wide variation in virulence was found among the isolates, and 267 races were classified using a new designation system. Virulence of blast isolates against DV carrying the resistance genes Pia, Pib, Pit, Pik-s, Piz-t, Pi12(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t), as well as avirulence against those carrying Pish, Pi9, Pita-2, and Pita, was distributed widely in Bangladesh. Cluster analysis of the compatibility data on the DV initially classified the isolates into groups I and II. The virulence spectra of the two groups differed mainly according to the reactions of the DV to Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, and Pi7(t). Group I isolates were distributed mainly in rainfed lowlands, whereas group II isolates were found mainly in irrigated lowlands; however, there were no critical differences in geographic distribution of the blast isolates. In total, 26 isolates, which could be used to identify the 23 resistance genes of the DV on the basis of their reaction patterns, were selected as a set of standard differential blast isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first clear demonstration of the diversity and differentiation of blast races in Bangladesh. This information will be used to develop a durable blast protection system in that country.

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Lei, H. G., L. Y. Shen, S. H. Zhang, Z. H. Wu, J. Shen, G. Q. Tang, Y. Z. Jiang, et al. "Comparison of the meat quality, post-mortem muscle energy metabolism, and the expression of glycogen synthesis-related genes in three pig crossbreeds." Animal Production Science 55, no. 4 (2015): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13484.

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Post-mortem muscle energy metabolism plays an important role in pork quality. To analyse the differences of meat quality and energy metabolism, three commercial pig crossbreeds frequently used in China were studied, they were DT (Duroc × Taihu; n = 16), PIC (five-way crossbreed from Pig Improvement Co., UK; n = 29) and DLY (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire); n = 19) pigs. The results showed that DT pigs had a higher post-mortem pH45 min and pH24 h, lower shear force and drip loss, higher muscle free-glucose and glycogen contents, and lower lactic acid content than did PIC and DLY pigs. Post-mortem muscle free-glucose content of these three pig crossbreeds changed little, from 45 min to 96 h post-mortem. The expression levels of PRKAG3 (encoding a regulatory subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase) and GYS1 (encoding muscle glycogen synthase) genes of DT pigs were significantly lower than those of PIC and DLY pigs. DT pigs had a higher expression level of glycogenin-1-like (encoding glycogenin) gene than did PIC and DLY pigs. In conclusion, DT pigs had better meat quality than did the other two pig crossbreeds. We deduced that the post-mortem muscle energy status and metabolism of DT pigs might be an important reason for their good meat quality, and future research should focus on the molecular and physiological mechanism of post-mortem muscle energy metabolism to find ways to improve meat quality.

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Islam, M. Mirazul, R. Ravichandran, D. Olsen, M. K. Ljunggren, Per Fagerholm, C. J. Lee, M. Griffith, and J. Phopase. "Self-assembled collagen-like-peptide implants as alternatives to human donor corneal transplantation." RSC Advances 6, no. 61 (2016): 55745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08895c.

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Dalisay, Jose. "Pig." Manoa 31, no. 2 (2019): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2019.0108.

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Lerner, Annie B., Emily A. Rice, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, et al. "Effects of space allowance and marketing strategy on growth performance of pigs raised to 165 kg." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa065.

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Abstract A total of 976 pigs (PIC 327 × Camborough; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; initially 22.0 ± 1.53 kg body weight [BW]) were used in a 160-d growth study to evaluate the effects of increasing space allowance and varying marketing strategies on growth performance of pigs raised to market weights of ~165 kg. Pens of pigs were blocked by location within the barn and allotted to one of six treatments. Pen served as the experimental unit, and there were eight replicate pens per treatment. The first four treatments consisted of increased initial stocking density and did not utilize topping strategies: (1) 14 pigs/pen (1.17 m2/pig), (2) 17 pigs/pen (0.97 m2/pig), (3) 20 pigs/pen (0.82 m2/pig), and (4) 23 pigs/pen (0.71 m2/pig). The fifth treatment began with 25 pigs/pen (0.66 m2/pig) and had four marketing events with the heaviest 3 pigs/pen removed on day 93, and additional pigs removed to a common inventory of 20 pigs/pen on day 122 and 17 pigs/pen on day 147 with final marketing on day 160. The final treatment began the experiment with 23 pigs/pen (0.71 m2/pig) with three marketing events to achieve a common inventory of 20 pigs/pen on day 108 and 17 pigs/pen on day 147. Pens of pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured on days 0, 55, 93, 108, 122, 135, 147, and 160. As space allowance decreased from 1.17 to 0.71 m2/pig via increased initial pen inventory (treatments 1 to 4), overall average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (linear, P < 0.001), while gain:feed ratio (G:F) did not differ (P > 0.05). The treatments with multiple marketing events were compared with each other and with the treatment that began with 0.71 m2/pig and only marketed once at the end of the study. Overall ADG and ADFI were not different (P > 0.05) among these three treatments. Marketing pigs three or four times improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared with the treatment that began the study with 0.71 m2/pig and marketed only once. Reducing floor space allowance for heavy weight pigs decreased intake, which resulted in lower growth rate and final BW, with these reductions occurring before the critical k-value was reached. Total weight gain per pen was maximized with the lowest space allowance and the multiple marketing treatments. Thus, strategic use of pig removals prior to final marketing may allow producers to maximize both number of pigs and total weight marketed through a barn when feeding to heavy weights.

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Fumagalli, Silvia A., Monica L. Kotier, María V. Rossetti, and Alcira M. del C. Batlle. "Studies on Uroporphyrinogen Biosynthesis in Pig Liver." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1991): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-11-1228.

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Porphobilinogen-deaminase (PBG-D) and PBG-D-isomerase complex (PBG-D-I) from pig liver were isolated and partially purified. Uroporphyrinogen I and III formation was found to be linear with time and protein concentration. Optimal pH was about 7.4 and 7.6-7.8 for PBG-D and PBG-D-I complex, respectively.Some properties of the isolated enzymes were studied. Molecular mass determination gave a value of 40,000 Da for PBG-D and 50,000 Da for the complex. Both enzymes exhibited classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Km and Fmax parameters were estimated. The effect of several divalent cations, ammonia and thiol reagents was also investigated. The differential action of some of these chemicals on PBG-D and PBG-D-I system would suggest that PBG-D and isomerase may not be only physically adjacent but actually associated.

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Roberg, Bjørg, Ingeborg A. Torgner, Jon Laake, Yutaka Takumi, Ole P. Ottersen, and Elling Kvamme. "Properties and submitochondrial localization of pig and rat renal phosphate-activated glutaminase." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 279, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): C648—C657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.3.c648.

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Two pools of phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) were separated from pig and rat renal mitochondria. The partition of enzyme activity corresponded with that of the immunoreactivity and also with the postembedding immunogold labeling of PAG, which was associated partly with the inner membrane and partly with the matrix. The outer membrane was not labeled. PAG in intact mitochondria showed enzymatic characteristics that were similar to that of the membrane fraction and also mimicked that of the polymerized form of purified pig renal PAG. PAG in the soluble fraction showed properties similar to that of the monomeric form of purified enzyme. It is indicated that the pool of PAG localized inside the inner mitochondrial membrane is dormant due to the presence of high concentrations of the inhibitor glutamate. Thus the enzymatically active PAG is assumed to be localized on the outer face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The activity of this pool of PAG appears to be regulated by compounds in the cytosol, of which glutamate may be most important.

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Eisenhaber, Birgit, Swati Sinha, Wing-Cheong Wong, and Frank Eisenhaber. "Function of a membrane-embedded domain evolutionarily multiplied in the GPI lipid anchor pathway proteins PIG-B, PIG-M, PIG-U, PIG-W, PIG-V, and PIG-Z." Cell Cycle 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2018): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2018.1456294.

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Zhang, Ye, Xuesong Yang, Fang Sun, Yaqian Zhang, Yuhan Yao, Ziyu Bai, Jiaqi Yu, et al. "Emotional “Contagion” in Piglets after Sensory Avoidance of Rewarding and Punishing Treatment." Animals 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2024): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14071110.

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In the pig farming industry, it is recommended to avoid groups when treating individuals to reduce adverse reactions in the group. However, can this eliminate the adverse effects effectively? Piglets were assigned to the Rewarding Group (RG), the Punishing Group (PG), and the Paired Control Group (PCG). There were six replicates in each group, with two paired piglets per replicate. One piglet of the RG and PG was randomly selected as the Treated pig (TP), treated with food rewards or electric shock, and the other as the Naive pig (NP). The NPs in the RG and PG were unaware of the treatment process, and piglets in the PCG were not treated. The behavior and heart rate changes of all piglets were recorded. Compared to the RG, the NPs in the PG showed longer proximity but less contact behavior, and the TPs in the PG showed more freezing behavior. The percentage change in heart rate of the NPs was synchronized with the TPs. This shows that after sensory avoidance, the untreated pigs could also feel the emotions of their peers and their emotional state was affected by their peers, and the negative emotions in the pigs lasted longer than the positive emotions. The avoidance process does not prevent the transfer of negative emotions to peers via emotional contagion from the stimulated pig.

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Lerner, Annie B., Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Robert D. Goodband, Travis G. O’Quinn, John M. Gonzalez, et al. "PSV-3 Effects of space allowance and marketing strategy on growth performance of pigs raised to heavy market weights." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.277.

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Abstract A total of 976 pigs (PIC 327×L42, initially 22 ± 1.5 kg BW) were used in a 160-d study to determine the influence of space allowance and marketing strategy on performance of pigs raised to heavy market weights (165 kg). Pens were blocked by location and allotted to 1 of 6 treatments with 8 pens/treatment. The first four treatments reduced space allowance/pig via initial pen stocking density: 14 pigs/pen (1.20 m2/pig), 17 pigs/pen (0.98 m2/pig), 20 pigs/pen (0.84 m2/pig), or 23 pigs/pen (0.73 m2/pig). The fifth treatment began with 25 pigs/pen (0.67 m2/pig) and the heaviest 3 pigs/pen were removed on d 93, then on d 122 pens were marketed to a common inventory of 20 pigs/pen, and on d 147 marketed to a common pen inventory of 17 pigs/pen. The sixth treatment began with 23 pigs/pen (0.73 m2/pig) and were marketed to a common inventory of 20 pigs/pen on d 108 and marketed to a common inventory of 17 pigs/pen on d 147. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX with pen as the experimental unit. Overall (d 0 to 160) ADG, ADFI, and final BW decreased (linear, P < 0.001) and G:F increased (quadratic, P = 0.042) as space allowance decreased. When comparing treatments with multiple marketing events (treatments 5 and 6) to treatment 4, there was no evidence for differences (P > 0.05) for overall ADG or ADFI; however, overall G:F was improved (P < 0.05) for pigs initially stocked at 0.67 m2/pig and marketed four times compared to both treatments that initially allowed 0.73 m2/pig, regardless of marketing structure. These results indicate that decreasing space allowance of heavy weight pigs reduces growth, feed intake and final BW, although use of multiple marketing events prior to final marketing may allow for increased number of pigs marketed/pen while balancing reduced growth performance often associated with increased stocking density. http://www.conferenceharvester.com/

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Liu, Feng Xia, Jian Cheng Luo, Ying Wang, and Gang Xue. "Study on the Optimal Isolation Technique of Superoxide Dismutase from Pig and Bovine Blood Block." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1224.

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Double, three factor-test and orthogonal designs were employed to study the effect of protective agent, membranolytic agent, activating agent, denaturalization temperature and denaturalization time on SOD extracted from pig and bovine blood block. The results of double and three factor-tests show that the variance between pig and bovine blood block was obviously significant (P<0.01). The mixture protective agent was better than single, the best was 1.5% galactosylglucose + 0.5% β-cyclodextrin + 0.25% PEG, and the better membranolytic agent was 3% Triton X-100 + 0.5% n-butyl alcohol for bovine blood, and 3% Triton X-100 for pig blood. The optimal dosage of protective agent was 20% of blood block weight, the optimal dosage of membranolytic agent was 15-20% of blood block weigh, and the best optimal dosage of activator was 2.5%. The best optimal combination of orthogonal experiment for bovine blood block was A2B2C2, and the best optimal combination of pig blood was A1B1C2. Under those conditions, the activity of SOD exceeded 3000 U/mg protein.

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Ju, Miso, Hansol Baek, Jaewon Sa, Heegon Kim, Yongwha Chung, and Daihee Park. "Real-Time Pig Segmentation for Individual Pig Monitoring in a Weaning Pig Room." Journal of Korea Multimedia Society 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2016): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2016.19.2.215.

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Gong, Yujie, Xiaoting Zou, Wenrui Xia, Xueting Wen, Xiaojun Zhang, Yingpin Xiao, and Hua Yang. "Comparative metabolomic analysis of caecal digesta between Jinhua pig and Landrace pig." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 8 (August 15, 2019): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/43/2018-cjas.

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The metabolic difference in caecal digesta between Jinhua pig and Landrace pig was compared. Twenty weaned piglets at 28 days of age, including ten Landrace pigs (a Western pig breed) and ten Jinhua pigs (a Chinese native pig breed), were randomly selected and allocated into two groups. The pigs were fed the same corn-soybean diet on the same pig farm. At the age of 240 days, all pigs of each group were slaughtered, the digesta in the caecum of the twenty pigs were collected for metabolomic analysis and determination of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results showed that a total of 56 different metabolites (22 metabolites named and 34 metabolites without identification) were detected in caecal digesta using a gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomic approach. Forty-six of the 56 metabolites were upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in Landrace group compared with Jinhua group. The metabolic pathways with different impact value in which different metabolites were mainly involved were tyrosine metabolism, citrate cycle and steroid biosynthesis. In addition, we found that Landrace accumulated more SCFAs in caecal digesta, while the concentrations of acetic acid (P < 0.01) and butyric acid (P < 0.05) in caecal digesta of Jinhua pig were markedly lower than those of Landrace pig. Collectively, our study was the first to compare the metabolic difference in caecal digesta between Jinhua pig and Landrace pig using a metabolomics approach, which might be used as a potential metabolomics mechanism to research different breeds of pigs.

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Winckel, Nance Van. "Ghost Pig." Grand Street, no. 44 (1993): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007623.

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Hoefle, Scott William. "You Pig!" Critique of Anthropology 28, no. 4 (December 2008): 376–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x08098258.

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Wilson, Leonore. "Pig Spit." English Journal 89, no. 5 (May 2000): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/822313.

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Snijders, A. L. "Suckling Pig." Common Knowledge 25, no. 1-3 (April 1, 2019): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-7299594.

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Potter, R. "Pig housing." Veterinary Record 135, no. 20 (November 12, 1994): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.135.20.488-b.

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Han, Jason, Hao Xiang, William E. Ridley, and Lloyd J. Ridley. "Pig bronchus." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 62 (October 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.21_12785.

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Mendl, Michael, Suzanne Held, and Richard W. Byrne. "Pig cognition." Current Biology 20, no. 18 (September 2010): R796—R798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.07.018.

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Muirhead, M. R. "Pig diseases." British Veterinary Journal 142, no. 1 (January 1986): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(86)90017-5.

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Collins, D. S. "Pig production." Veterinary Record 160, no. 13 (March 31, 2007): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.13.448-a.

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Cummings, Shelley. "‘Pig pen’." Emergency Nurse 17, no. 9 (February 5, 2010): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.17.9.6.s9.

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Maass, Brigitte L. "Guinea Pig." Anthrozoös 29, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2016.1215524.

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37

Hulick, Jeannette. "Pig Pig Meets the Lion (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 65, no. 7 (2012): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2012.0203.

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Bush, Elizabeth. "The Pig Scrolls: by Gryllus the Pig (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 3 (2005): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2005.0011.

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Bird, Lucy. "Little pig, little pig, let me come in." Nature Reviews Immunology 8, no. 2 (February 2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2265.

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Lu, Changxiang, Jiaqi Fang, and Shaochuan Fu. "A New Equilibrium Strategy of Supply and Demand for the Supply Chain of Pig Cycle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2093593.

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The pig market had experienced a cycle of price rise and fall, also known as the “pig cycle.” This paper analyzes the fluctuation relationship between pig price, pig supply, and pork demand, constructs a system dynamics model of the pig industry by decomposing the structure of the pig supply chain, and then discusses the causes of “pig cycle,” as well as the supply chain management strategy and industrial policy, to stabilize the pig industry market. Research shows that reducing the cost of pig breeding, countercyclical adjustment, and government macrocontrol can effectively reduce the fluctuation of pig prices. Among them, reducing the pig breeding cost is the most effective long-term strategy to stabilize the pig price.

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Shi, Riyi, and Richard B. Borgens. "Acute Repair of Crushed Guinea Pig Spinal Cord by Polyethylene Glycol." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 2406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2406.

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Acute repair of crushed guinea pig spinal cord by polyethylene glycol. We have studied the responses of adult guinea pig spinal cord white matter to a standardized compression within a sucrose gap recording chamber. This injury eliminated compound action potential (CAP) conduction through the lesion, followed by little or no recovery of conduction by 1 h postinjury. We tested the ability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to repair the injured axons and restore physiological function. Local application of PEG (1,800 MW, 50% by weight in water) for ∼2 min restored CAP conduction through the injury as early as 1 min post PEG application. The recovery of the CAP ≤1 h was significantly greater in treated compared with control spinal cords (controls = 3.6% of the preinjury amplitude; PEG treated = 19%; P < 0.0001, unpaired Student’s t-test). Stimulus-response analysis indicated that the susceptibility for recovery was similar for all calibers of axons after PEG application. The enhanced recovery of conduction after PEG treatment was associated with an early alteration in conduction properties relative to control spinal cords. This included increased refractoriness and sensitivity to potassium channel blockade using 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Normally 4-AP enhanced the amplitude of the recovering CAPs by ∼40% in control spinal cords; however this effect was nearly doubled to ∼72% in PEG treated spinal cords. Because severe clinical injuries to the spinal cord (and some peripheral nerves) are both resistant to medical treatment and usually produced by compression, we discuss the possible clinical benefits of PEG application.

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Wang, Rong, ZaiFeng Shi, Qifeng Li, Ronghua Gao, Chunjiang Zhao, and Lu Feng. "Pig Face Recognition Model Based on a Cascaded Network." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 5 (2021): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14482.

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HighlightsA pig face recognition model that cascades the pig face detection network and pig face recognition network is proposed.The pig face detection network can automatically extract pig face images to reduce the influence of the background.The proposed cascaded model reaches accuracies of 99.38%, 98.96% and 97.66% on the three datasets.An application is developed to automatically recognize individual pigs.Abstract. The identification and tracking of livestock using artificial intelligence technology have been a research hotspot in recent years. Automatic individual recognition is the key to realizing intelligent feeding. Although RFID can achieve identification tasks, it is expensive and easily fails. In this article, a pig face recognition model that cascades a pig face detection network and a pig face recognition network is proposed. First, the pig face detection network is utilized to crop the pig face images from videos and eliminate the complex background of the pig shed. Second, batch normalization, dropout, skip connection, and residual modules are exploited to design a pig face recognition network for individual identification. Finally, the cascaded network model based on the pig face detection and recognition network is deployed on a GPU server, and an application is developed to automatically recognize individual pigs. Additionally, class activation maps generated by grad-CAM are used to analyze the performance of features of pig faces learned by the model. Under free and unconstrained conditions, 46 pigs are selected to make a positive pig face dataset, original multiangle pig face dataset and enhanced multiangle pig face dataset to verify the pig face recognition cascaded model. The proposed cascaded model reaches accuracies of 99.38%, 98.96%, and 97.66% on the three datasets, which are higher than those of other pig face recognition models. The results of this study improved the recognition performance of pig faces under multiangle and multi-environment conditions. Keywords: CNN, Deep learning, Pig face detection, Pig face recognition.

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Frank, Jason, Emily Sholtz, Casey Neill, and Jon De Jong. "152 Effects of dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.157.

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Abstract Lactose is a critical nutrient in post weaning diets to help pigs transition from sows’ milk to dry feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance. For this trial 1,080 weaned pigs (PIC 359 x 1050; BW = 6.24 kg; 21 d) were fed 5 lactose programs using a feed budget. Program A = 24, 18, 7%; B = 20, 14, 5%; C =16, 10, 3%; D = 12, 6, 1%; and E = 8, 2, 0% lactose for Phase 1, 2, and 3; respectively. The feed budget for Phase 1 (d 0–7), 2 (d 7–14), and 3 (d 14–20) was 0.91, 3.4, and 4.5 kg/pig; respectively. A common Phase 4 (d 20–48) diet (0% lactose) was fed ad libitum. There was a quadratic response to lactose level in treatments A through E for Phase 1 ADFI (89, 71, 73, 73, 89 g/d; respectively, P = 0.034) and G:F (1.09, 1.33, 1.14, 1.15, 0.91; respectively, P = 0.042). Treatment A through E Phase 1 ADG was 100, 95, 91, 82, and 82 g/d, and Phase 2 ADG (Linear, P = 0.023) was 322, 313, 318, 304, and 295 g/d; respectively. The result was a linear trend for increased BW at the end of Phase 2 (P = 0.10) for treatments A through E (9.21, 9.10, 9.16, 9.00, 8.86 kg; respectively). Although feed cost/pig increased as lactose level increased (Linear, P = 0.041), there was no significant response in margin over feed cost/pig during the overall nursery period for treatments A through E ($15.31, $16.41, $16.22, $15.87, $16.04; respectively). In conclusion, pig performance improved during Phase 1 and 2 with increasing level of dietary lactose. These results confirm previous research showing the importance of dietary lactose in weaned pig diets.

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Qi, Zhongqiang, Yan Du, Junjie Yu, Rongsheng Zhang, Mina Yu, Huijuan Cao, Tianqiao Song, Xiayan Pan, Dong Liang, and Yongfeng Liu. "Molecular Detection and Analysis of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Main Varieties in Jiangsu Province, China." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010157.

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Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. Using resistant rice varieties is the most cost-effective way to control the disease, and it is crucial to analyze the resistance level and the resistance genes distribution of the main varieties. In this study, we collected 119 rice main varieties in Jiangsu province and evaluated the resistance to leaf and panicle blast and found that indica rice was more resistant to rice blast than japonica rice. Moreover, we detected the distribution of 14 resistance genes (R genes) in the 119 varieties. The distribution frequencies of three R genes, Pish, Pit, and Pia, were higher than 80%, and the Pigm had the lowest distribution frequency (1.68%), followed by Pi2 (15.18%) and Pi5, Piz-t (24.37%). Combined with the multiple stepwise regression and the resistance contribution rate, eight major R genes Pita, Pi5, Pi9, Pib, Pb1, Pikm, Piz-t, and Pi2 significantly affected the resistance of rice, and we also found that six gene combinations with 100% resistance contribution rate could effectively increase the resistance of rice varieties. In summary, monitoring the resistance level of rice varieties and analyzing their resistance genes were beneficial for rice resistance breeding.

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Lemke, U., B. Kaufmann, L. T. Thuy, K. Emrich, and A. Valle Zárate. "Evaluation of smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam: Pig production management and pig performances." Livestock Science 105, no. 1-3 (December 2006): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.06.012.

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Magnusson, Stefan, Jan-Eric Månsson, Valeri Strokan, Rainer Jussila, Takaaki Kobayashi, Lennart Rydberg, Egidio Romano, and Michael E. Breimer. "Release of pig leukocytes during pig kidney perfusion and characterization of pig lymphocyte carbohydrate xenoantigens." Xenotransplantation 10, no. 5 (August 27, 2003): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3089.2003.02052.x.

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47

Huang, Yigui, Deqin Xiao, Junbin Liu, Zhujie Tan, Kejian Liu, and Miaobin Chen. "An Improved Pig Counting Algorithm Based on YOLOv5 and DeepSORT Model." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 11, 2023): 6309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146309.

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Pig counting is an important task in pig sales and breeding supervision. Currently, manual counting is low-efficiency and high-cost and presents challenges in terms of statistical analysis. In response to the difficulties faced in pig part feature detection, the loss of tracking due to rapid movement, and the large counting deviation in pig video tracking and counting research, this paper proposes an improved pig counting algorithm (Mobile Pig Counting Algorithm with YOLOv5xpig and DeepSORTPig (MPC-YD)) based on YOLOv5 + DeepSORT model. The algorithm improves the detection rate of pig body parts by adding two different sizes of SPP networks and using SoftPool instead of MaxPool operations in YOLOv5x. In addition, the algorithm includes a pig reidentification network, a pig-tracking method based on spatial state correction, and a pig counting method based on frame number judgment on the DeepSORT algorithm to improve pig tracking accuracy. Experimental analysis shows that the MPC-YD algorithm achieves an average precision of 99.24% in pig object detection and an accuracy of 85.32% in multitarget pig tracking. In the aisle environment of the slaughterhouse, the MPC-YD algorithm achieves a correlation coefficient (R2) of 98.14% in pig counting from video, and it achieves stable pig counting in a breeding environment. The algorithm has a wide range of application prospects.

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Wang, Shunli, Honghua Jiang, Yongliang Qiao, Shuzhen Jiang, Huaiqin Lin, and Qian Sun. "The Research Progress of Vision-Based Artificial Intelligence in Smart Pig Farming." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 6541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176541.

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Pork accounts for an important proportion of livestock products. For pig farming, a lot of manpower, material resources and time are required to monitor pig health and welfare. As the number of pigs in farming increases, the continued use of traditional monitoring methods may cause stress and harm to pigs and farmers and affect pig health and welfare as well as farming economic output. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence has become a core part of smart pig farming. The precision pig farming system uses sensors such as cameras and radio frequency identification to monitor biometric information such as pig sound and pig behavior in real-time and convert them into key indicators of pig health and welfare. By analyzing the key indicators, problems in pig health and welfare can be detected early, and timely intervention and treatment can be provided, which helps to improve the production and economic efficiency of pig farming. This paper studies more than 150 papers on precision pig farming and summarizes and evaluates the application of artificial intelligence technologies to pig detection, tracking, behavior recognition and sound recognition. Finally, we summarize and discuss the opportunities and challenges of precision pig farming.

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Laasch, H. U., L. Wilbraham, K. Bullen, A. Marriott, J. A. L. Lawrance, R. J. Johnson, S. H. Lee, R. E. England, G. E. Gamble, and D. F. Martin. "Gastrostomy Insertion: Comparing the Options—PEG, RIG or PIG?" Clinical Radiology 58, no. 5 (May 2003): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9260(03)00058-8.

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Kim, Ki Youn, Han Jong Ko, Hyeon Tae Kim, Chi Nyon Kim, and Sang Hoon Byeon. "Association between pig activity and environmental factors in pig confinement buildings." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 5 (2008): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06110.

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The aim of this study was to determine the aerial contaminants affecting pig activity and evaluate the correlation between pig activity and aerial contaminants in a pig confinement building. This experiment was performed in a confinement growing and finishing room, and the data presented in this article was collected over a period of 50 days, with sampling every 2 days from June to September 2003. Air samples were taken in the middle of empty pens on both sides of the pig confinement building. In this study, we demonstrated statistically significant negative relationships between pig activity and temperature, relative humidity and ammonia, while total dust positively regressed with pig activity. Based on these experimental results, we reasoned that increases in temperature, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in the pig building suppressed pig activity and that high levels of total dust in the pig building was attributable to increases in pig activity. The exposure limit values of aerial contaminants, such as particulate matter, gaseous compounds and airborne microorganisms related to the pigs’ health should be established in order to promote the performance and welfare of the pigs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pig'

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