Journal articles: 'Pig organs'

1

Kobayashi, Eiji. "Challenges for Production of Human Transplantable Organ Grafts." Cell Medicine 9, no. 1-2 (January 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/215517916x693113.

Full text

Abstract:

The described research methods explain how you could generate a three-dimensional kidney, based on recent research results. The first method is to fabricate human organs in a pig body. The second is to transplant the so-called “organ bud” into a patient's body for further development. The third method is to regenerate organs by filling cells into the cytoskeleton as a scaffold. Research for the in vitro fabrication of organ buds has been elaborately accelerated. The organ bud transplantation has been confronted with issues of continuity with the original organs, so the development of technology for achieving continuity between a transplanted organ bud and the existing organs is progressing well. The “organ fabrication” methodology, whereby cells are placed into completely decellularized organs, is supported by recent research results using pig organs taking the size of humans into consideration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Waltz, Emily. "When pig organs will fly." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 12 (December 2017): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Langlitz, Nicolas. "Pig hearts and god’s organs." BioSocieties 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2015.14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Androma, Elvira Mega, and Laela Umi Khasanah. "Anatomy and Histology of Reproductive Organ of Male Guinea Pig As a Source of Learning." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.262.

Full text

Abstract:

This study were aim to (1) describe the anatomical and histological structures of testicular organ, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands, and penis in guinea pig (2) develop learning media in the form of histological slides as well as anatomy atlas of male reproductive organs (3) examine the atlas of reproductive organs of male guinea pig as a source of learning. Slide were made using paraffin method with HE staining. The study revealed histological structure of the five guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) accessory glands, namely ampullary glands, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and preputial gland. In addition, guinea pig penis had a baculum on its base. The results of the student response test showed very good category with the percentage of 90,55%. The readability test had very good value from the subject expert (95,71%), media expert (81,66%), peer reviewer (88,07%) and biology teacher (81,51%). Overall, the atlas of the 'Anatomy of Male Reproductive Organs of Guinea Pig' had excellent quality and deserves to be used as a learning resource.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hammerman, Marc R. "Xenotransplantation of Embryonic Pig Kidney or Pancreas to Replace the Function of Mature Organs." Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/501749.

Full text

Abstract:

Lack of donor availability limits the number of human donor organs. The need for host immunosuppression complicates transplantation procedures. Ultrastructurally precise kidneys differentiate in situ following xenotransplantation in mesentery of embryonic pig renal primordia. The developing organ attracts its blood supply from the host, obviating humoral rejection. Engraftment of pig renal primordia transplanted directly into rats requires host immune suppression. However, insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following initiation of organogenesis [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long term in nonimmune-suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Engraftment of morphologically similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) occurs in rats previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Here, we review recent findings germane to xenotransplantation of pig renal or pancreatic primordia as a novel organ replacement strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ukhovskyi, V. V., O. M. Romanov, and B. V. Borisevich. "Pathologic changes in pig organs, infected with the Aujeszkys disease." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 3, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_199.

Full text

Abstract:

The data on histological studies of organs of suckling piglets that died from Aujeszky's disease presented in the article. To study of the microscopic changes, organ and tissue samples were taken from 5 suckling pigs (aged 4 to 6 days old). In all piglets, the diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. For histological studies, tissue samples were taken from the following organs: lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, kidneys, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, brain and spinal cord. The studies established that as a result of the Aujeszky’s disease virus impact on various organs and tissues, in dead pigs, significant pathomorphological changes are observed in most parenchymal organs. As a result of the histological studies of the internal organs of the pigs, died due to Aujeszky's disease the presence of significant microscopic changes in all morphological formations of these organs were found. It was described a number of micromorphological signs of piglets pathological changes and a set of criteria that can be used to substantiate a postmortem diagnosis of this disease was identified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Moya-Jódar, Marta, Giulia Coppiello, Juan Roberto Rodríguez-Madoz, Gloria Abizanda, Paula Barlabé, Amaia Vilas-Zornoza, Asier Ullate-Agote, et al. "One-Step In Vitro Generation of ETV2-Null Pig Embryos." Animals 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12141829.

Full text

Abstract:

Each year, tens of thousands of people worldwide die of end-stage organ failure due to the limited availability of organs for use in transplantation. To meet this clinical demand, one of the last frontiers of regenerative medicine is the generation of humanized organs in pigs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) via blastocyst complementation. For this, organ-disabled pig models are needed. As endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in xenotransplantation rejection in every organ, we aimed to produce hematoendothelial-disabled pig embryos targeting the master transcription factor ETV2 via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome modification. In this study, we designed five different guide RNAs (gRNAs) against the DNA-binding domain of the porcine ETV2 gene, which were tested on porcine fibroblasts in vitro. Four out of five guides showed cleavage capacity and, subsequently, these four guides were microinjected individually as ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) into one-cell-stage porcine embryos. Next, we combined the two gRNAs that showed the highest targeting efficiency and microinjected them at higher concentrations. Under these conditions, we significantly improved the rate of biallelic mutation. Hence, here, we describe an efficient one-step method for the generation of hematoendothelial-disabled pig embryos via CRISPR-Cas9 microinjection in zygotes. This model could be used in experimentation related to the in vivo generation of humanized organs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Dillner, L. "Pig organs approved for human transplants." BMJ 312, no. 7032 (March 16, 1996): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7032.657.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boonyong, Nuchjaree, Sarawan Kaewmongkol, Duangdaow Khunbutsri, Khomsan Satchasataporn, and Nattakan Meekhanon. "Contamination of Streptococcus suis in pork and edible pig organs in central Thailand." Veterinary World 12, no. 1 (January 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.165-169.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Aim: Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause serious diseases in both swine and humans worldwide, especially in Asian countries. Since the majority of human cases reported in Thailand were infected by the consumption of a raw pork dish, the microbial food safety hazard associated with raw meat has been a matter of concern. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the contamination by S. suis in pork and edible pig organs sold in central Thailand. Materials and Methods: In total, 88 raw pork and pig organ samples were purchased from markets, butcher shops, and supermarkets in central Thailand. The samples were examined using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. LAMP reactions used for the detection of the DNA of S. suis (LAMPSS) and S. suis serotype 2 or 1/2 (LAMPSS2) were carried out according to previous studies. Results: The percentage of LAMPSS-positive samples was as high as 85.23% (75/88) while the percentage of LAMPSS2- positive samples was 17.05% (15/88). The percentages of LAMPSS- and LAMPSS2-positive samples were relatively high in both pig organs (lung and heart) and meat (sliced pork and minced pork) compared with the previous report. Except one supermarket, LAMPSS-positive samples were found in all sources investigated in this study. The pork and pig organs obtained from the markets and the butcher shops additionally gave positive results for LAMPSS2. Conclusion: Using LAMP techniques, high rate contamination of S. suis was found in raw pork and edible pig organs sold at different sources in central Thailand. The cross-contamination could have occurred through slaughtering, meat cutting, and meat handling processes. Therefore, consumers and people involved in the pig production industry should be aware of the potential hazards of S. suis infection; food safety education is crucial to prevent further infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Koplin, Julian, and Dominic Wilkinson. "Moral uncertainty and the farming of human-pig chimeras." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105227.

Full text

Abstract:

It may soon be possible to generate human organs inside of human-pig chimeras via a process called interspecies blastocyst complementation. This paper discusses what arguably the central ethical concern is raised by this potential source of transplantable organs: that farming human-pig chimeras for their organs risks perpetrating a serious moral wrong because the moral status of human-pig chimeras is uncertain, and potentially significant. Those who raise this concern usually take it to be unique to the creation of chimeric animals with ‘humanised’ brains. In this paper, we show how that the same style of argument can be used to critique current uses of non-chimeric pigs in agriculture. This reveals an important tension between two common moral views: that farming human-pig chimeras for their organs is ethically concerning, and that farming non-chimeric pigs for food or research is ethically benign. At least one of these views stands in need of revision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wilson, Clare. "Transplant organs made from dissolved pig livers." New Scientist 236, no. 3150 (November 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)32146-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Denner, Joachim. "Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021." Viruses 13, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112156.

Full text

Abstract:

Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs, and some of them are able to infect human cells. Therefore, PERVs pose a risk for xenotransplantation, the transplantation of pig cells, tissues, or organ to humans in order to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs. Up to 2021, a huge body of knowledge about PERVs has been accumulated regarding their biology, including replication, recombination, origin, host range, and immunosuppressive properties. Until now, no PERV transmission has been observed in clinical trials transplanting pig islet cells into diabetic humans, in preclinical trials transplanting pig cells and organs into nonhuman primates with remarkable long survival times of the transplant, and in infection experiments with several animal species. Nevertheless, in order to prevent virus transmission to the recipient, numerous strategies have been developed, including selection of PERV-C-free animals, RNA interference, antiviral drugs, vaccination, and genome editing. Furthermore, at present there are no more experimental approaches to evaluate the full risk until we move to the clinic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Garg, S., P. Singh, A. Sharma, and G. Gupta. "A Gross Comparative Anatomical Study of Hearts in Human Cadavers and Pigs." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2013/v2i2/86776.

Full text

Abstract:

The inadequate availability of human donor hearts and other organs has inspired interest in field of xenotransplantation. The prospect of transgenic pig providing compatible organs for human xenotransplantation is becoming more likely. We aim to compare cardiac anatomy of pig hearts with human cadaveric hearts. A comparative analysis of pig and human cardiac anatomy was made by gross examination and dissection of hearts. The mean value of various parameters along with standard deviation was calculated.and T-test was applied and p-value was calculated. The average weight of human heart was 266.5g whereas the average weight of pig heart was 302.8g. An average adult human heart was about 9.8cm (9.2cm-12cm) from base to apex, 8.6 cm (7.4cm-10.8cm) in its broadest transverse diameter and 7.1 cm (5cm-8.4cm) anteroposteriorly. An average pig heart was about 10.2 cm (8.5cm-11cm) from base to apex, 8.9 cm (6.5cm-11cm) in its broadest transverse diameter and 6.6 cm (5cm- 8cm) anteroposteriorly. The human heart was trapezoidal in shape. The pig heart, in contrast, was a broad cone shaped organ. In humans, the left atrium received the four pulmonary veins whereas in pig it received two pulmonary veins. In right atrium of man, orifices of superior and inferior caval veins were in a direct line whereas in pig veins opened at right angles to each other.<p>The present study suggests that the morphology of human and porcine heart is almost similar with significant anatomical differences between porcine and human hearts that might effect the success of the cardiac xenograft within the human recipient.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Khokhlov, A. M., A. S. Fediaieva, I. I. Honcharova, and O. B. Shevchenko. "Morphofunctional changes in some internal organs during domestication of pigs." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 31 (September 1, 2022): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v31.1495.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim. To identify the phylogenetic changes of the evolutionary process in the historical aspect of pig domestication. Domestication is the process of phylogenetic transformation of wild animals into domestic animals. The main role in this process belongs to artificial selection, especially its destabilizing form. Undoubtedly, as a result of destabilizing form of selection, wide phenotypic variation appears in domesticated pig populations. Methods. Using archaeological, morphological, biochemical, genetic and zootechnical methods of investigation, we were able to establish morphological features of some internal organs in connection with domestication of pigs. Results. In studying pig evolution, the European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa ferus) was the direct object of our studies in comparison with breeding animals of the Large White Pig Breed, which emerged after domestication of the Wild Boar in Europe. Modern research shows that artificial (destructive, disruptive, stabilizing) selection and selection under appropriate feeding and housing conditions played a significant role in domestication and breeding, namely the Large White Boar. Conclusions. Prematurity processes and formation of modern pig breeds mainly occurred by increasing the variability of traits, precocity, mass and size of animals, some internal organs and systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

French, Andrew J., Julia L. Greenstein, Bruce E. Loveland, and Peter S. Mountford. "Current and future prospects for xenotransplantation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10, no. 8 (1998): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd98112.

Full text

Abstract:

The transplantation of organs and tissues between animal species, orxenotransplantation, is the focus of a growing field of research, owingprimarily to the increasing shortage of allogeneic donor organs. The pigstands out as the most suitable donor animal for humans; however, xenografts(e.g. pig organs) used for human transplantation are normally destroyed by thehost within minutes by hyperacute xenograft rejection. An improvedunderstanding of the immune recognition and rejection of xenografts hasresulted in new therapies that can partially overcome hyperacute rejection(HAR), delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) or acute vascular xenograftrejection. Strategies to diminish immunogenicity following xenotransplantationcan be divided into two approaches: those directed at the recipient (e.g.antibodies or complement depletion or inhibition and tolerance induction) andthose directed at the donor (e.g. transgenic modifications to express humancomplement-regulatory proteins or removal or displacement of αGalepitopes). DXR is likely to be controlled by transgenic inhibition ofendothelial cell activation (e.g. inhibition of NF-κB). Transgenic pigsrequired for xenotransplantation will soon be generated at a greaterefficiency and precision using nuclear transfer and cloning when compared topronuclear injection. Of greater significance is that nuclear transfer offersthe ability to target gene insertion selectively to specific gene loci and todelete specific genes in the pig. Experimental pig-to-primate organxenotransplantation is currently under way, and results show increasedtransplant function from minutes to days and weeks. The final therapeuticregimen that allows survival of a discordant xenograft is likely to involve acombination of ‘modified’ functional genes in the donor organ, thedevelopment of immunological tolerance to pig antigens and administration ofnovel therapeutic agents, including immunosuppressants, that can controlnatural killer (NK) cell and monocyte mediated responses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Rhaleb, Nour-Eddine, Noureddine Rouissi, Guy Drapeau, Daniela Jukic, and Domenico Regoli. "Characterization of bradykinin receptors in peripheral organs." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-142.

Full text

Abstract:

Bradykinin (BK) and related kinins are potent stimulants of the rabbit jugular vein, the hamster urinary bladder, and the guinea pig trachea. The characterization of kinin receptors in these tissues was made with agonists and antagonists. Results obtained with agonists indicate that bradykinin and kallidin are much more active than des-Arg9-BK and suggest the presence of B2 receptors in the three organs. Some new agonists were also tested and the BK analogue, [Hyp3,Tyr(Me)8]BK, was found to be a potent and selective stimulant of the three preparations, with pD2 values of 8.56, 8.00, and 8.39, respectively, but inactive on the rabbit aorta (a B1-receptor system). Contractile effects of kinins in the rabbit jugular vein and hamster urinary bladder were reduced or eliminated by B2-receptor antagonists but at different concentration levels; e.g., acetyl-D-Arg[Hyp3,D-Phe7]BK showed pA2 values of 7.78 on the rabbit jugular vein but only 5.72 on hamster urinary bladder. This compound contracted the guinea-pig trachea and was found to be inactive as an antagonist on this preparation. Contractions of the hamster urinary bladder and the guinea-pig trachea in response to bradykinin were markedly reduced or eliminated by indomethacin and by BW 755C, while those of the rabbit jugular vein were not modified. The present findings indicate that the myotropic effect of kinins on the rabbit jugular vein depends on the activation of B2 receptors and suggest that B2 receptors are largely responsible also for the response of the hamster urinary bladder. B2 receptors and (or) a nonreceptor mechanism appear to be involved in the stimulant effects of the kinin agonists and some antagonists in the guinea-pig trachea.Key words: bradykinin, B2 receptors, agonists, antagonists, smooth muscles, arachidonic acid cascade, indomethacin, BW 755C.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Vasamsetti, Bala Murali Krishna, Sang Hyoun Park, Harikrishna Reddy Rallabandi, Heasun Lee, Sung-June Byun, Sun A. Ock, Hwi-Cheul Lee, Seongsoo Hwang, and Keon Bong Oh. "Morphometric analysis of alpha-1, 3-galactosyltransferase knockout pig kidney and heart." Laboratory Animals 54, no. 6 (April 21, 2020): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677220915218.

Full text

Abstract:

We report a morphometric evaluation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) pig heart and kidney ( n = 9) at the end of one, three and seven months. Organs parameters gradually increased with the age ( p < 0.05) and body weight ( p < 0.05) of the pigs. Organs morphometries were significantly correlated to the age and body weight of the animal. We were able to conclude the average size of GTKO pig heart and kidney based on age and body weight, which could be helpful in estimating the size of these organs non-invasively for transplantation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wang, Zheng-Yu, Joseph M. Ladowski, Juan Li, Gregory R. Martens, Luz M. Reyes, Jose L. Estrada, and A. Joseph Tector. "The effect of SLA expression on genetically-engineered pig renal cells on the human T cell xenoresponse." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 161.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.161.29.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Xenotransplantation using genetically-engineered (GE) pig organs offers an unlimited supply of organs for patients with end-stage organ failure. Disrupting the porcine GGTA1/CMAH/β4GalNT2 genes (TKO) markedly reduces binding of human natural anti-pig antibodies in human to carbohydrate antigens expressed on the pig organ. However, more evident have demonstrated that T cell responses play a major role in xenogeneic rejection, and that immunosuppression alone is likely incapable of completely suppressing these responses. The object of this study is at an organ-specific level to evaluate human T cell-mediated response against GE pig renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) with or without swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I or II. Methods Primary RMEC were isolated from the GGTA1/CMAH knockout (DKO) pigs, and immortalized using Lenti-SV40 T. The gene editing was performed to create specific TKO RMEC cell lines expressing SLA class II. Stimulation of human T cell activation or proliferation by RMEC was performed flow cytometry-based mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Results The specific GE cells lacking carbohydrates or expressing SLA class I or II were confirmed. MLR data shows that human CD4+ T cell proliferation by CD31+ RMEC was higher than that by fibroblast-like renal cells (RC), and was significantly inhibited by immunosuppressive drugs. Furthermore, both of CD69+ and CD25+ T cells were significantly enhanced by RMEC with expression of SLA class I and II compared with SLA class I alone. Conclusion Porcine RMEC express SLA class I/II and known costimulatory molecules and have the ability to simulate human T cell proliferation. RMEC will be a useful reagent for the further study of xenotransplantation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Liu, Yang, Zining Wu, Lu Dai, Haiyang Li, Ming Gong, Feng Lan, Xinliang Guan, and Hongjia Zhang. "Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Does Not Show Better Protection for Vital Organs Compared with Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Pig Model." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1420216.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. Continued debates exist regarding the optimal temperature during hypothermic circulatory arrest in aortic arch repair for patients with type A aortic dissection. This study seeks to examine whether the use of moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest in a pig model provides comparable vital organ protection outcomes to the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods. Thirteen pigs were randomly assigned to 30 minutes of hypothermic circulatory arrest without cerebral perfusion at 15°C (n = 5), 25°C (n = 5), and a control group (n = 3). The changes in standard laboratory tests and capacity for protection against apoptosis in different vital organs were monitored with different temperatures of hypothermic circulatory arrest management in pig model to determine which temperature was optimal for hypothermic circulatory arrest. Results. There were no significant differences in the capacity for protection against apoptosis in vital organs between 2 groups (p > 0.05, respectively). Compared with the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest group, the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group had no significant advantages in terms of the biologic parameters of any other organs (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Compared with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest is a moderate technique that has similar advantages with regard to the levels of biomarkers of injury and capacity for protection against apoptosis in vital organs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

INOUE, Yoshikazu, Masahiro HAYASHI, Masaharu TSUNEYOSHI, and Hiroshi KUDO. "Phospholipids Containing Arachidonic Acid in Pig Internal Organs." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 49, no. 7 (2000): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1996.49.723.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Whyte, Chelsea. "A step closer to pig organs for people." New Scientist 240, no. 3207 (December 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)32236-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

He, C., M. Nonaka, T. Tada, T. Koji, W. Li, N. Okada, and H. Okada. "Decay accelerating factor in guinea-pig reproductive organs." Immunology 100, no. 1 (May 2000): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00010.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Song, Zongpei, David K. C. Cooper, Zhiming Cai, and Lisha Mou. "Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2983908.

Full text

Abstract:

The pig is an important source of meat production and provides a valuable model for certain human diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is noncoding RNA and regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, plays a critical role in various biological processes. Studies on identification and function of mature miRNAs in multiple pig tissues are increasing, yet the literature is limited. Therefore, we reviewed current research to determine the miRNAs expressed in specific pig tissues that are involved in carcass values (including muscle and adipocytes), reproduction (including pituitary, testis, and ovary), and development of some solid organs (e.g., brain, lung, kidney, and liver). We also discuss the possible regulating mechanisms of miRNA. Finally, as pig organs are suitable candidates for xenotransplantation, biomarkers of their miRNA in xenotransplantation were evaluated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Babicz, Marek, Kinga Kropiwiec-Domańska, Magdalena Szyndler-Nędza, Agnieszka M. Grzebalska, Iwona Łuszczewska-Sierakowska, Agata Wawrzyniak, and Marcin Hałabis. "Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Internal Organs of Fattening Pigs and Wild Boars." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0041.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The objective of the study was to analyse selected physical properties and chemical indicators of internal organs obtained from fattening pigs and Central European wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa). Each group consisted of 12 animals. The tongue, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys were examined for physical properties, basic chemical composition, macro- and micromineral content, and fatty acid profile. The atherogenic index (AI) and the thrombogenic index (TI) were also determined. Pig offal was found to be a rich source of protein and collagen, and to contain large amounts of potassium and sodium. Liver had a high content of iron, zinc, and manganese. Pig liver and wild boar heart were characterised by favourable PUFA /SFA ratios (above 0.4%). In addition, the content of neutral and hypocholesterolemic acids (DFA ) and hypercholesterolemic acids (OFA ) in pig offal was comparable to that in pig meat. The results presented in this study provide an extensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of pig offal, which allows an increase in the scope of its use in the food industry, among others for production of offal products, including traditional and regional products that are increasingly demanded by consumers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Leonova, Elena I., Vasily V. Reshetnikov, and Julia V. Sopova. "CRISPR/Cas-edited pigs for personalized medicine: more than preclinical test-system." Research Results in Pharmacology 8, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.83872.

Full text

Abstract:

Novel CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing tools made it feasible to introduce a variety of precise genomic modifications in the pig genome, including introducing multiple edits simultaneously, inserting long DNA sequences into specifically targeted loci, and performing nucleotide transitions and transversions. Pigs serve as a vital agricultural resource and animal model in biomedical studies, given their advantages over the other models. Pigs share high similarities to humans regarding body/organ size, anatomy, physiology, and a metabolic profile. The pig genome can be modified to carry the same genetic mutations found in humans to replicate inherited diseases to provide preclinical trials of drugs. Moreover, CRISPR-based modification of pigs antigen profile makes it possible to offer porcine organs for xenotransplantation with minimal transplant rejection responses. This review summarizes recent advances in endonuclease-mediated genome editing tools and research progress of genome-edited pigs as personalized test-systems for preclinical trials and as donors of organs with human-fit antigen profile. Graphical abstract:

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Cooper, David K. C., H. Iwase, L. Wang, T. Yamamoto, Qi Li, J. Li, H. Zhou, and H. Hara. "Bringing Home The Bacon: Update on The State of Kidney Xenotransplantation." Blood Purification 45, no. 1-3 (2018): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485163.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: There is a continuing critical shortage of organs from deceased human donors for transplantation, particularly for patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Efforts are being made to resolve the donor kidney shortage by the transplantation of kidneys from genetically-engineered pigs. Summary: This review outlines the pathobiological barriers to pig organ xenotransplantation in primates, which include (i) antibody-dependent complement-mediated rejection, (ii) a T cell-mediated elicited antibody and cellular response, (iii) coagulation dysregulation between pigs and primates, and (iv) a persistent inflammatory response. As a result of increasing genetic manipulation of the pig and the introduction of novel immunosuppressive agents, pig kidney graft survival has increased from minutes to months, and even to >1 year in some cases. Aspects of the selection of the patients for a first clinical trial are discussed. Although there would appear to be some cross-reactivity between anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and swine leukocyte antigens expressed in pigs, some HLA-sensitized patients will be at no disadvantage if they receive a pig kidney. Furthermore, the current limited evidence is that, even if the patient becomes sensitized to pig antigens (after a pig organ transplant), this would not be detrimental to a subsequent allotransplant. The potential risk of infection with a pig microorganism, and the function of a pig kidney in a primate are also discussed. Key Message: The recent encouraging results of pig kidney transplantation in nonhuman primates suggest the likelihood of a successful (and safe) initial clinical trial, with graft survival for months or possibly years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Denner, Joachim. "Virus Safety of Xenotransplantation." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091926.

Full text

Abstract:

The practice of xenotransplantation using pig islet cells or organs is under development to alleviate the shortage of human donor islet cells or organs for the treatment of diabetes or organ failure. Multiple genetically modified pigs were generated to prevent rejection. Xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of potentially zoonotic porcine viruses. In order to prevent this, we developed highly sensitive PCR-based, immunologicals and other methods for the detection of numerous xenotransplantation-relevant viruses. These methods were used for the screening of donor pigs and xenotransplant recipients. Of special interest are the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) that are integrated in the genome of all pigs, which are able to infect human cells, and that cannot be eliminated by methods that other viruses can. We showed, using droplet digital PCR, that the number of PERV proviruses is different in different pigs (usually around 60). Furthermore, the copy number is different in different organs of a single pig, indicating that PERVs are active in the living animals. We showed that in the first clinical trials treating diabetic patients with pig islet cells, no porcine viruses were transmitted. However, in preclinical trials transplanting pig hearts orthotopically into baboons, porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), a porcine roseolovirus (PCMV/PRV), and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), but no PERVs, were transmitted. PCMV/PRV transmission resulted in a significant reduction of the survival time of the xenotransplant. PCMV/PRV was also transmitted in the first pig heart transplantation to a human patient and possibly contributed to the death of the patient. Transmission means that the virus was detected in the recipient, however it remains unclear whether it can infect primate cells, including human cells. We showed previously that PCMV/PRV can be eliminated from donor pigs by early weaning. PERVs were also not transmitted by inoculation of human cell-adapted PERV into small animals, rhesus monkey, baboons and cynomolgus monkeys, even when pharmaceutical immunosuppression was applied. Since PERVs were not transmitted in clinical, preclinical, or infection experiments, it remains unclear whether they should be inactivated in the pig genome by CRISPR/Cas. In summary, by using our sensitive methods, the safety of xenotransplantation can be ensured.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Denner, Joachim. "Microchimerism, PERV and Xenotransplantation." Viruses 15, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010190.

Full text

Abstract:

Microchimerism is the presence of cells in an individual that have originated from a genetically distinct individual. The most common form of microchimerism is fetomaternal microchimerism, i.e., cells from a fetus pass through the placenta and establish cell lineages within the mother. Microchimerism was also described after the transplantation of human organs in human recipients. Consequently, microchimerism may also be expected in xenotransplantation using pig cells or organs. Indeed, microchimerism was described in patients after xenotransplantations as well as in non-human primates after the transplantation of pig organs. Here, for the first time, a comprehensive review of microchimerism in xenotransplantation is given. Since pig cells contain porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome, the detection of proviral DNA in transplant recipients may be misinterpreted as an infection of the recipient with PERV. To prevent this, methods discriminating between infection and microchimerism are described. This knowledge will be important for the interpretation of screening results in forthcoming human xenotransplantations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

FARNWORTH, E. R., and J. K. G. KRAMER. "CHANGES IN THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF FETAL PIGS FROM SOWS FED DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-049.

Full text

Abstract:

Heart, liver, lungs and kidneys were taken from fetal pigs at 57, 85, and 110 d of gestation. Sows had been fed either a no-fat-added control diet or one with either added tallow (high in saturated fatty acids) or added soybean oil (high in unsaturated fatty acids). Maternal diet had no significant effect on organ weight, organ total lipid, or the percent composition of nine lipid classes in the total lipid extracts. Significant changes in composition were found as the fetuses developed, and differences in composition were also evident among tissues. The fatty acid composition of the triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions of the four internal organs also showed developmental changes. Key words: Fetus, lipid, pig, organs, development

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Koo, Ok Jae, Hee Jung Park, Dae Kee Kwon, Jung Taek Kang, Goo Jang, and Byeong Chun Lee. "Effect of recipient breed on delivery rate of cloned miniature pig." Zygote 17, no. 3 (August 2009): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199409005267.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryThe miniature pig is regarded as a better organ donor breed for xenotransplantation than other pig breeds because the size of their organs is similar to that of humans. To improve efficiency of cloned miniature pig production, we analysed the effect of breed difference between donor cells and embryo recipients on pregnancy rate and delivery rate. Cloned porcine embryos derived from domestic or miniature pig donor cells were transferred to domestic or miniature recipient pigs. Delivery rate was significantly higher when embryos reconstructed with miniature pig donor cells were transferred to miniature pig recipients as compared with that of embryos transferred to domestic pig recipients. However, pregnancy rates were similar between the two groups. The breed of donor cells, but not of embryo recipients, seems likely to affect litter size. From a 13 610 gene cDNA microarray, 1551 (11.7%) genes showed significantly different levels of expression between the fetuses of the two breeds. Vascular endothelial growth factor and c-kit ligand genes related to implantation and maintenance of pregnancy were significantly down-regulated in miniature pigs. In conclusion, the differential gene expression in fetuses interferes with proper fetal/maternal interactions, and results in late-stage pregnancy loss. Our results indicate that the miniature pig is the preferred embryo recipient breed than domestic pig for producing cloned miniature piglets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Danion, Jérôme, Raphael Thuillier, Géraldine Allain, Patrick Bruneval, Jacques Tomasi, Michel Pinsard, Thierry Hauet, and Thomas Kerforne. "Evaluation of Liver Quality after Circulatory Death versus Brain Death: A Comparative Preclinical Pig Model Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 9040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239040.

Full text

Abstract:

The current organ shortage in hepatic transplantation leads to increased use of marginal livers. New organ sources are needed, and deceased after circulatory death (DCD) donors present an interesting possibility. However, many unknown remains on these donors and their pathophysiology regarding ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Our hypothesis was that DCD combined with abdominal normothermic regional recirculation (ANOR) is not inferior to deceased after brain death (DBD) donors. We performed a mechanistic comparison between livers from DBD and DCD donors in a highly reproducible pig model, closely mimicking donor conditions encountered in the clinic. DCD donors were conditioned by ANOR. We determined that from the start of storage, pro-lesion pathways such as oxidative stress and cell death were induced in both donor types, but to a higher extent in DBD organs. Furthermore, pro-survival pathways, such as resistance to hypoxia and regeneration showed activation levels closer to healthy livers in DCD-ANOR rather than in DBD organs. These data highlight critical differences between DBD and DCD-ANOR livers, with an apparent superiority of DCD in terms of quality. This confirms our hypothesis and further confirms previously demonstrated benefits of ANOR. This encourages the expended use of DCD organs, particularly with ANOR preconditioning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Leskanich, C. O., and R. C. Noble. "The comparative roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in pig neonatal development." British Journal of Nutrition 81, no. 2 (February 1999): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000215.

Full text

Abstract:

The present review focuses on the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) provision for the normal development of the pig neonate. The review describes first the selected fatty acid composition of a range of porcine tissues including nervous tissues, muscle and adipose tissues, reproductive organs and immune-responsive organs and/or cells. The importance of PUFA to the functioning of the immune system of the neonate is considered briefly and is followed by an in-depth consideration of the sources of PUFA for the neonatal pig. The effects of different categories or specific types of fatty acid (i.e. non-essential, linoleic, α-linolenic, long-chain n-6 and n-3 PUFA) on various indices of pig neonatal growth are reviewed. The importance of n-3 PUFA supply to the fetal and early neonatal pig is underlined and evidence is presented for more attention to be given to the amounts available from maternal sources. Based on the material reviewed, recommendations are made on the dietary intake of PUFA in the gestating pig.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Pettingill, Bernard F., and Federico R. Tewes. "GalSafe Pig Organ Xenotransplantation: A Bright Future for More than 800,000 Americans." Journal of Medical Research and Surgery 3, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52916/jmrs224073.

Full text

Abstract:

Over 54 percent of US citizens are registered as organ donors, however, fewer than 1 percent of deaths result in useable organs [1]. By a large margin, kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organ, followed by liver, heart, lungs, and pancreas. Typically, kidney failure is due to diabetes or severe hypertension. In 2021, it is estimated that more than 800,000 Americans live with kidney failure but their wait times for a human kidney can range from four months to six years depending on a multitude of factors: blood type, geographic location, disease severity, immune system activity, and numerous other factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Gock, Hilton, Peter J. Cowan, and Anthony J. F. d'Apice. "Alternative Approaches to Reducing Gal Expression in Pig Organs." Graft 4, no. 1 (January 2001): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152216280100400122.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Harmenberg, J., M. Malm, and G. Abele. "Deoxythymidine pools of human skin and guinea pig organs." FEBS Letters 188, no. 2 (September 2, 1985): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(85)80375-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Yermolenko, O. M., O. Y. Ayshpur, and I. Yu Mushtuk. "Histopathological changes in pigs infected with ileitis." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_170.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, the ileitis (proliferative enteropathy of pigs) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracelluaris causes several forms of the disease. Histological examinations are the important stages in diagnosing and detecting profound pathological changes in sick pig organs, decreasing their productivity and causing the deaths. Swine proliferative enteropathy (SPE) has reported for the Ukraine since 2008. For SPE the early diagnostics with different test systems is relevant. We evaluated the sick, forcibly killed and dead piglets of different ages in Ukrainian pig farms during 2018-2019 in animal fattening groups. Materials were taken from piglets aged 120-150 days in farms where the ileitis was diagnosed. To assess the complex of pathological and anatomical changes detected during autopsies of piglets, V.P. Shishkov’s methods were used. Thus, we revealed a characteristic morphology of proliferative lesions. We believed that the histological examination can serve as an important diagnostic method and an alternative to direct isolation of Lawsonia intracellularis, which is very difficult to cultivate. We determined that the histopathological changes in pig organs indicated a chronic effect caused by animal pathogen. We revealed that Lawsonia intracellularis caused the profound pathological changes in pig digestive tracts, which affected the functioning of all organs and tissues of animals and lead to severe disease and possible animal death. We suggested that the histological examination is an important step in diagnosing and detecting profound pathological changes in the organs of sick pigs, which caused the decrease in their productivity and deaths.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Akhter, Tahmina, Mizanur Rahman Molla, Mahbub Alam, Tahmida Akhter, Farjana Akhond, and Sadia Nure Afroze. "Effects of Temperature on Colour of Selected Pig Organs in Silicone (S10) Plastination." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i3.282.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Temperature is one of the most important factors that are responsible for plastination procedure.Objective: The present study was designed to determine a suitable method of plastination of skeletal muscle in a low-resource setting in Bangladesh.Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between March 2015 and February 2016. Six whole pig kidneys (as firmer organ) and six whole pig lungs (as softer organs) were collected from a government authorized slaughterhouse in Dhaka city. Same numbers of organs were designated as ‘Cold Temperature Group’ and ‘Room Temperature Group’. We observed the change in colour at cold and room temperatures after different stages of plastination with a colour chart.Results: After fixation, both the brownish kidneys and reddish pink lungs turned brownish and darker. After dehydration, both the kidneys and lungs got paler. After forced impregnation, the colour turned much darker in both groups. The colour change continued towards a darker tone with time. The specific colour changes quantified into frequencies were very variable in both temperature groups.Conclusion: In observed colour changes, the difference was indeterminate.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 03 July’21 Page: 324-329

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Xu, Y. F., K. O, and P. C. Choy. "Plasmenylcholine (1-O-alk-1′-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) biosynthesis in guinea-pig heart and liver: cholinephosphotransferase is a bifunctional enzyme for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylcholine." Biochemical Journal 301, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3010131.

Full text

Abstract:

Plasmenylcholine is present in significant proportion (32% of choline phosphoglycerides) in the guinea-pig heart but exists as a minor component (3% of choline phosphoglycerides) in the guinea-pig liver. In this study, the biosynthesis of plasmenylcholine in these two organs was examined. The organs were perfused with labelled choline for 15 min and chased with unlabelled choline for up to 7 h. The labelling of phosphatidylcholine was 6-fold higher than that of plasmenylcholine in the heart and about 60-fold higher in the liver. However, the same labelling ratio was maintained throughout the chase period in both organs. Alterations in the specific radioactivity of CDP-choline caused corresponding changes in the labelling of phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylcholine. Our results suggest that in guinea-pig heart and liver, CDP-choline is the immediate precursor of biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylcholine. The biochemical cause for the difference in their rates of formation between the two organs was explored. The enzyme activities for the formation of both choline phosphoglycerides were determined. The two reactions share the same characteristics, and 1,2-diacylglycerol and 1-alk-1′-enyl-2-acylglcerol were found to be mutually inhibitory in a competitive fashion. The pool sizes of 1,2-diacylglycerol and 1-alk-1′-enyl-2-acylglycerol were determined, and their ratios were found to be 42 in the heart and 422 in the liver. We conclude that cholinephosphotransferase catalyses the formation of both phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylcholine in the guinea-pig tissues and the rate of plasmenylcholine biosynthesis is dependent on the availability of 1-alk-1′-enyl-2-acylglycerol. Plasmenylcholine biosynthesis is also subjected to modulation by the 1,2-diacylglycerol content of the tissue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Sykes, Megan, and David H. Sachs. "Transplanting organs from pigs to humans." Science Immunology 4, no. 41 (November 1, 2019): eaau6298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aau6298.

Full text

Abstract:

The success of organ transplantation is limited by the complications of immunosuppression, by chronic rejection, and by the insufficient organ supply, and thousands of patients die every year while waiting for a transplant. With recent progress in xenotransplantation permitting porcine organ graft survival of months or even years in nonhuman primates, there is renewed interest in its potential to alleviate the organ shortage. Many of these advances are the result of our heightened capacity to modify pigs genetically, particularly with the development of CRISPR-Cas9–based gene editing methodologies. Although this approach allows the engineering of pig organs that are less prone to rejection, the clinical application of xenotransplantation will require the ability to avoid the ravages of a multifaceted attack on the immune system while preserving the capacity to protect both the recipient and the graft from infectious microorganisms. In this review, we will discuss the potential and limitations of these modifications and how the engineering of the graft can be leveraged to alter the host immune response so that all types of immune attack are avoided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

van der Windt, Dirk J., and David KC Cooper. "Using α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pig organs in nonhuman primates." Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 12, no. 2 (April 2007): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mot.0b013e3280146495.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Vilpo, J. A., M. J. Härkönen, and H. Teir. "Distribution of Tissue Eosinophil Granulocytes in Cow and Pig Organs." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 7, no. 4 (April 24, 2009): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1970.tb01891.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Schmoeckel, M., F. N. K. Bhatti, A. Zaidi, E. Cozzi, G. Pino-Chavez, J. J. Dunning, J. Wallwork, and D. J. G. White. "Xenotransplantation of pig organs transgenic for human DAF: An update." Transplantation Proceedings 29, no. 7 (November 1997): 3157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00823-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ekser, Burcin, Paolo Rigotti, Bruno Gridelli, and David K. C. Cooper. "Xenotransplantation of solid organs in the pig-to-primate model." Transplant Immunology 21, no. 2 (June 2009): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trim.2008.10.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Takumida, Masaya, Jan Wersall, and Dan Bagger-sjöbäck. "Stereociliary glycocalyx and interconnections in the guinea pig vestibular organs." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 106, no. 1-2 (January 1988): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016488809107380.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Takano, Takashi, Takeharu Kaneda, Masaki Kaneshige, Tomoko Tsutsumi, Yoshitsugu Ochiai, Kazumasa Shimizu, Ryo Hondo, Mariko Mochizuki, and Fukiko Ueda. "Interaction Between Titanium and Cadmium in Various Guinea Pig Organs." Biological Trace Element Research 151, no. 2 (December 13, 2012): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9562-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Van Beek, J. H., D. S. Loiselle, and N. Westerhof. "Calculation of oxygen diffusion across the surface of isolated perfused hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): H1003—H1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.4.h1003.

Full text

Abstract:

Although exact mathematical descriptions of oxygen diffusion into unperfused isolated organs are known, no analytic solution is available for perfused organs. Here, we derive an equation for oxygen diffusion across the epicardial surface of perfused hearts. Our oxygen transport model incorporates oxygen delivery from the capillary perfusate, oxygen consumption, diffusion among adjacent capillary exchange regions, and diffusion across the epicardial surface. The wall of the heart is modeled by a slab of tissue. The derived equation fits experimental data on the diffusive oxygen flux across the surface of isolated saline-perfused guinea pig hearts, obtained by measuring oxygen uptake from the perfusate at various oxygen tensions in the surroundings of the isolated heart. The model predicts that in isolated arrested guinea pig hearts suspended in air, 25% of the oxygen taken up from the saline perfusate (PO2 approximately 680 mmHg) diffuses out of the heart across the surface. In beating isolated guinea pig hearts, 5% of the oxygen taken up from the perfusate diffuses across the surface.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Heo, Yoonki, Yeondong Cho, Keon Bong Oh, Ki Hoon Park, Hansam Cho, Hanul Choi, Minjee Kim, Ik Jin Yun, Hee Jung Lee, and Young Bong Kim. "Detection of Pig Cells Harboring Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Non-Human Primate Bladder After Renal Xenotransplantation." Viruses 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090801.

Full text

Abstract:

Pigs are used as potential donor animals for xenotransplantation. However, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), shown to infect both human and non-human primate (NHP) cells in vitro, presents a risk of transmission to humans in xenotransplantation. In this study, we analyzed PERV transmission in various organs after pig-to-NHP xenotransplantation. We utilized pig-to-NHP xenotransplant tissue samples obtained using two types of transgenic pigs from the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, Republic of Korea), and examined them for the existence of PERV genes in different organs via PCR and RT-PCR with specific primers. To determine PERV insertion into chromosomes, inverse PCR using PERV long terminal repeat (LTR) region-specific primers was conducted. The PERV gene was not detected in NHP organs in cardiac xenotransplantation but detected in NHP bladders in renal xenotransplantation. The insertion experiment confirmed that PERVs originate from porcine donor cells rather than integrated provirus in the NHP chromosome. We also demonstrate the presence of pig cells in the NHP bladder after renal xenotransplantation using specific-porcine mitochondrial DNA gene PCR. The PERV sequence was detected in the bladder of NHPs after renal xenotransplantation by porcine cell-microchimerism but did not integrate into the NHP chromosome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Dua, Anahita, and Sapan S. Desai. "Chemical Separation of Fixed Tissue Using Thermolysin." Journal of Histology 2013 (July 31, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/643670.

Full text

Abstract:

Thermolysin is a metallopeptidase used to cleave peptide bonds at specific junctions. It has previously been used to cleave specific amino acid sequences found at the junction of the sensory epithelium and underlying stroma of unfixed otolithic organs of the vestibular system. We have used thermolysin to separate sensory epithelium from the underlying stroma in fixed cristae ampullares of mouse, rat, gerbil, guinea pig, chinchilla, and tree squirrel, thus removing the saddle-shaped curvature of the sensory organ and creating a flattened sensory epithelium preparation. This permits visualization of the entire sensory organ in a single mount and facilitates proper morphometric analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Bigarré, L., V. Beven, C. de Boisséson, B. Grasland, N. Rose, P. Biagini, and A. Jestin. "Pig anelloviruses are highly prevalent in swine herds in France." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80573-0.

Full text

Abstract:

A survey of anelloviruses in swine herds from Britanny, France, is reported. By using PCR targeted to the conserved untranslated region, prevalences of 93 and 73 % were found among 15 herds and 33 animals, respectively. The lung was the organ found to be positive most frequently among the five organs tested from 32 animals. The highest identity levels of our nucleotide sequences were found with pig isolates from Japan and with an isolate from Tupaia belangeri. Interestingly, when aligning all available swine isolates from France and Japan, at least two phylogenetic groups were identified, each one containing clones from France and Japan. Some animals carried clones from both groups, demonstrating intra-individual variability. Despite the putative harmlessness of anelloviruses, the potential inoculum carried by pigs must be further evaluated as a sanitary threat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Blusch, Juergen H., Clive Patience, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Christian Templin, Christian Roos, Klaus Von Der Helm, Gustav Steinhoff, and Ulrich Martin. "Infection of Nonhuman Primate Cells by Pig Endogenous Retrovirus." Journal of Virology 74, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 7687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.16.7687-7690.2000.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The ongoing shortage of human donor organs for transplantation has catalyzed new interest in the application of pig organs (xenotransplantation). One of the biggest concerns about the transplantation of porcine grafts into humans is the transmission of pig endogenous retroviruses (PERV) to the recipients or even to other members of the community. Although nonhuman primate models are excellently suited to mimic clinical xenotransplantation settings, their value for risk assessment of PERV transmission at xenotransplantation is questionable since all of the primate cell lines tested so far have been found to be nonpermissive for PERV infection. Here we demonstrate that human, gorilla, and Papio hamadryas primary skin fibroblasts and also baboon B-cell lines are permissive for PERV infection. This suggests that a reevaluation of the suitability of the baboon model for risk assessment in xenotransplantation is critical at this point.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Pig organs'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles