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Elefson, Sarah K. "DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE PIG FROM BIRTH TO 42 DAYS POST-WEANING (1.5 – 25 KILOGRAMS BODYWEIGHT)." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/112.
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This study evaluated the changes in body composition, glycogen tissue reserves, visceral organ growth, and small intestine morphology in the young pig. A total of 96 crossbred pigs were euthanized at birth (pre-suckle), days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 postpartum, weaning at day 21, and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 42 post-weaning. Body composition of the pig had increasing dry matter and fat, decreasing ash, calcium and phosphorus, and relatively static protein percentage over the course of the study. Liver and muscle glycogen was greatest at birth. Following birth and weaning there was a distinct decrease in the amount of liver glycogen, while there was only a clear decrease in muscle glycogen at birth. Absolute measures of the visceral organs increased in a variety of manners (linear, quadratic and/or cubic); relative measures of visceral organs responded in different manners to increasing age. In the suckling period, villous height, villous height:crypt depth ratio, and goblet cell count was greater than in the post-weaning period. Crypt depth continued to increase through the entire study. Villi measurements of the middle and distal portion of the small intestine taken via scanning electron microscope, revealed different responses to increasing age, but numerically, villi width increased, villi density, enterocyte width, and microvilli density decreased, and microvilli diameter was relatively static. Villi, on average, increased the absorptive area of the small intestine 18 fold and microvilli increased the surface area on average 400 fold. This study provided a vast amount of biometric information on the development of the young pig from birth to 42 d post weaning.
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Mare, Louise. "Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria evaluated in a gastro-intestinal model and in in vivo pig trials." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50427.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes the use of a gastro-intestinal model to screen lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of post-weaned piglets (raised on six different diets) for probiotic properties. Intestinal bacteria were isolated from ,the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, ileum and colon. The highest cell numbers (6 x 107 cfulg) were isolated from the ileum. No significant differences in viable cell counts were recorded for piglets raised on the six diets. Isolates with the best overall probiotic properties were identified as members of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum. The two strains selected for further studies were Lactobacillus plantarum 423 (originally isolated from sorghum beer) and Lactobacillus salivarius 241 (isolated from pig intestine). Enterococcus faecalis FAIR E 92 was originally isolated from pig intestine and was included in this study as a non-pathogenic challenge strain. L. plantarum 423 produces a bacteriocin plantaricin 423, active against E. faecalis FAIRE 92. L. plan/arum 423 and L. salivarius 241 were included in the gastro-intestinal model and their adhesion to the mucus of porcine ileum studied with fluorescent-in-si/u-hybridization (FISH). A decrease in viable cell numbers of L. plan/arum 423 was recorded in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in the presence of bile and pancreatic juice. However, higher cell numbers were recorded in the caecum and anterior colon, which suggested that strain 423 recovered from these stress factors. Plantaricin 423 was detected for up to 28 hours in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and middle colon. Lower cell numbers (one log unit) of L. salivarius 241 were recorded in the gastro-intestinal model over seven days, compared to strain 423. Piglets of one, 14 and 28-days-old were dosed with L. plan/arum 423 and L. salivarius 241, separately and in combination (1: 1). In a separate experiment, 14-day-old piglets were challenged twice with E. faecalis FAIRE 92, followed by dosage with strains 423 and 241. New-borne piglets dosed with L. plantarum 423 gained more weight (4 kg over 19 days) compared to piglets dosed with L. salivarius 241 (2.2 kg over 19 days), or a combination of the two strains (2 kg over 19 days). Piglets of 14 and 28-days-old, on the other hand, gained more weight when dosed with a combination of strains 423 and 241. The cell numbers of E. faecalis FAIR E 92 and other enterococci decreased drastically (two log units) when the piglets were dosed with the latter two strains. Overall, piglets of various ages reacted differently when administered L. plantarum 423 and L. salivarius 241, separately or in combination. Fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) was used to study the in vivo adhesion of L. plantarum and L. salivarius to mucus in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. The highest number of L. plantarum cells was recorded in the ileum, whereas L. salivarius favoured adhesion to the duodenum. A decrease in cell numbers of E. faecalis in the ileum mucus was recorded when a combination of the probiotic strains 423 and 241 was administered. This study provided a reliable estimation of the presence and/or adhesion of L. plantarum and L. salivarius to various parts of the porcine gastro-intestinal tract, without the use of expensive cultivation techniques. Insight was gained into the co-evolution existing between probiotic bacteria and the porcine gastro-intestinal tract, emphasizing the use of gastro-intestinal models to study the dynamics of the gastro-intestinal tract.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf die gebruik van 'n gastro-intestinale model, om melksuurbakterieë wat geïsoleer is uit die spysverteringskanaal (SVK) van reeds gespeende varkies (gevoed op ses verskillende diëte) vir probiotiese eienskappe te toets. Ingewandsbakterieë is uit die maag, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, ileum en kolon geïsoleer. Die hoogste aantal selle (6 x 107 kve/g) is geïsoleer uit die ileum. Geen betekenisvolle verskille in lewensvatbare seltellings, vir varkies gevoed op ses verskillende voere is aangeteken nie. Isolate met die beste algehele probiotiese eienskappe is as Lactobacillus salivarius en Lactobacillus fermentum geïdentifiseer. Vir verdere studie is twee isolate Lactobacillus plantarum (oorspronklik uit sorghum-bier geïsoleer) en Lactobacillus salivarius (uit die varkdermkanaal geïsoleer) geselekteer. Enterococcus faecalis FAIRE 92, oorspronklik uit die varkdermkanaal geïsoleer, is in hierdie studie as 'n nie-patogeniese indikator gebruik. L. plantarum 423 produseer 'n bakteriosien plantarisien 423 wat aktief is teen E. faecalis FAIR E92. L. plantarum 423 en L. sa/ivarius 241 is ingesluit in die gastro-intestinale model, en vashegting van die bakterieë aan die mukus van vark-ileum is met fluoresensie-in-si/uhibridisasie (FISH) bestudeer. 'n Afname in lewende selgetalle van L. plan/arum 423 in die duodenum, jejunum en ileum is aangetoon in reaksie tot die byvoeging van gal en pankreatiese sappe. Hoër selgetalle is nietemin aangeteken in die caecum en voorste gedeelte van die kolon, wat 'n aanduiding gee dat isolaat 423, ten spyte van hierdie stres-faktore, oorleef. Plantaricin 423 is vir 'n tydperk (28 uur) in die duodenum, jejunum, ileum en sentrale kolon gevind. Laer selgetalle (een logaritmiese eenheid) van L. salivarius 241 is in die gastro-intestinale modeloor 'n tydperk van sewe dae aangetoon, in vergelyking met isolaat 423. Een, 14 en 28 dag oud varkies is met L. plantarum 423 en L. salivarius 241 (afsonderlik en in kombinasie 1:1) twee keer gedaag met E. faecalis FAIR E 92, opgevolg met dosering van 423 en 241. Pasgebore varkies het die hoogste gewigstoename getoon (4 kg oor 19 dae) na dosering met L. plantarum 423 in vergelyking met varkies gedoseer met L. salivarius 241 (2.2 kg oor 19 dae) of 'n kombinasie van die twee isolate (2 kg oor 19 dae). Daarenteen het veertien- en 28 dag oud varkies beter gewigstoename getoon na dosering met 'n kombinasie van isolate 423 en 241. Die selgetalle van E. faecalis FAIRE 92 en ander enterococci het drasties afgeneem (twee logaritmiese eenhede) nadat die varkies met laasgenoemde twee isolate gedoseer is. Varkies van onderskeie ouderdom het verskillend gereageer na dosering met L. plantarum 423 en L. salivarius 241 afsonderlik of in kombinasie. Fluoresensie-in-situ-hibridisasie (FISH) is gebruik om die in vivo vashegting van L plantarum en L. salivarius tot die vark mukus in die maag, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum en kolon te bestudeer. Die hoogste telling van L. plantarum selle is aangeteken in die ileum, terwyl L. salivarius aanhegting tot die duodenum verkies het. 'n Afname in seltellings van E. faecalis in die ileum mukus was aangeteken na toediening met 'n kombinasie van probiotiese isolate 423 en 241. Hierdie studie het 'n betroubare bepaling van die voorkoms en/ofvashegting van L. plantarum en L. sa/ivarius isolate in verskeie gedeeltes van die varkspysverteringskanaal voorsien, sonder die hulp van duur kwekings tegnieke. Probiotiese bakterieë is in 'n gastro-intestinale model, wat die natuurlike omgewing verteenwoordig, bestudeer. Insig oor die ko-evolusie tussen probiotiese bakterieë en die SVK van die vark is verkry. Die gebruik van 'n gastro-intestinale model om die dinamika van die SVK te bestudeer is met hierdie studie beklemtoon.
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Johnston, Richard A. "Characterization of the airway epithelial bioelectric mechanisms associated with the effects of epithelium-derived relaxing factor in guinea-pig isolated trachea." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1776.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 135 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-135).
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Mackevičiūtė, Vaida. "Alfa1 adrenoreceptorių antagonistų (prazosino ir tamsulozino) farmakologinio poveikio įvertinimas ir palyginimas eksperimiantiniame izoliuotų kraujagyslių modelyje in vitro." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_214820-33554.
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Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti ir palyginti skirtingo selektyvumo alfa1 adrenoreceptorių antagonistų (prazosino ir tamsulozino) farmakologinį poveikį izoliuotoms laboratorinių jūrų kiaulyčių kraujagyslėms eksperimentiniame modelyje in vitro.
Tyrimams pasirinkti laboratoriniai gyvūnai – dėl tinkamo kraujagyslių spindžio ne jaunesni nei 8 – 12 savaičių amžiaus linijinių jūrų kiaulyčių patinėliai. Vaistų poveikis buvo vertinamas izoliuotoms kraujagyslėms – jų aortoms ir inkstų arterijoms. Eksperimentas atliktas naudojant organų vonelę PTK23 – 220 Pharmacology Kit (ADInstruments, Jungtinė Karalystė). Duomenys registruoti ,,LabChart“ programine įranga. Prazosino ir tamsulozino poveikiui įvertinti kraujagyslės buvo veikiamos atitinkamai 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM ir 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM koncentracijų tirpalais.
Prazosino 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM koncentracijos sukėlė aortos atsipalaidavimą atitinkamai per 0,043±0,030 g, 0,083±0,022 g ir 0,195±0,040 g jėgą, inkstų arterijos – per 0,065±0,013 g, 0,075±0,024 g ir 0,173±0,026 g jėgą. Tamsulozino 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM koncentracijos sukėlė aortos atsipalaidavimą atitinkamai per 0,015±0,012 g, 0,080±0,018 g, 0,133±0,039 g jėgą, inkstų arterijos – per 0,025±0,020 g, 0,078±0,035 g ir 0,123±0,037 g jėgą.
Vertinant aortos dilataciją, gauti statistiškai patikimi skirtumai tarp visų prazosino (10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM) koncentracijų. Inkstų arterijos atsipalaidavimo vertinime nenustatytas statistiškai patikimas skirtumas tarp 10 nM ir 100... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The main aim of the research was to evaluate and compare the pharmacological influence of α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists (prazosin and tamsulosin) of different selectivity over the isolated laboratorial guinea pig blood vessels in experimental model in vitro. The male linear guinea pigs, not younger than 8-12 weeks, were selected as the object of the investigation because of their relevant blood vessel size. The influence of medicine over isolated blood vessels, aortas and kidney arteries, was evaluated. The experiment was carried out by using the utensil for organs PTK23- 220 Pharmacology Kit (AD instruments, United Kingdom). The data is registered with the software “LabChart”. The blood vessels were processed with the concentrated solutions 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM, and 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, accordingly, to evaluate the influence of prazosin and tamsulosin. The concentrations of prazosin 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM caused the ease of aorta, accordingly, in 0,043±0,030g, 0,083±0,022g, and 0,195±0,040g power, the ease of kidney artery - in 0,065±0,013g, 0,075±0,024g, and 0,173±0,026g power. The concentrations of tamsulosin 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM caused the ease of aorta, accordingly, in 0,015±0,012g, 0,080±0,018g, 0,133±0,039 power, the ease of kidney artery – in 0,025±0,020g, 0,078±0,035g, and 0,123±0,037g power. Aming to estimate the dilation of aorta, statistically reliable differences among all concentrations of prazosin (10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM) were acquired. In the estimation of... [to full text]
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Carraro, Nicola. "Auxin transport and organs formation in Arabidopsis and maize." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112024.
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L'auxine est impliquée dans la mise en place de la phyllotaxie chez les angiospermes. Chez l'arabette, cette hormone est transportée de façon polarisée dans la racine et dans la tige. Elle est accumulée dans les groupes de cellules qui évolueront en primordia latéraux. Son transport est organisé par des transporteurs putatifs à efflux de l'auxine. L'un d'eux, PIN1, est exprimé au niveau du méristème apical caulinaire (MAC). Son patron d'expression nous a permis de créer un modèle pour le fonctionnement de la phyllotaxie chez l'arabette. Ce modèle inclut les données d'expression de gènes marqueurs des primordia (LFY, ANT), de l'identité meristématique (STM) et des bordures entre le MAC et les primordia (CUC1), en réponse aux flux d'auxine créés par la polarisation de PIN1. Dans le maïs nous avons cloné deux orthologues de PIN1: ZmPIN1a et ZmPIN1b. Leur expression a été etudiée par hybridation in situ et immunolocalisation. La protéine est localisée de façon polarisée dans les tissus végétatifs et dans les structures reproductives. Cette polarisation change selon le stade de développement et les organes considerés. Dans les inflorescences mâle et femelle les flux d'auxine pourraient déterminer la mise en place des ramifications de différents ordres ainsi que l'identité des méristèmes. L'ensemble de ces données montre donc que l'expression de PIN1 dans les inflorescences est différente chez le maïs et chez l'arabetteAuxin is involved in phyllotaxy establishment in angiosperms. In Arabidopsis, this hormone is polarly transported in the root and n the shoot. It is accumulated into groups of cells that will form lateral primordia. Its transport is set by putative auxin efflux carriers. One of these, PIN1, is expressed in the Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM). Its expression pattern allowed to create a model for phyllotaxy establishment in Arabidopsis. This model includes the expression data of primordia marker genes (LFY, ANT), meristematic identity (STM) and genes expressed at the borders between the SAM and the primordia (CUC1), in response to auxin fluxes created by the PIN1 polarization. We have identified two orthologous genes for PIN1 in maize : ZmPIN1a and ZmPIN1b. Their expression has been studied by in situ hydridization and immunolocalization. The protein is localized in a polar pattern in both vegetative and reproductive structures. This polar pattern changes according to the developmental stage and organs considered. In male and female inflorescences the auxin fluxes could determine the formation of the different orders of branching and also the meristematic identity of cells. Globally these data suggest that the expression of PIN1 in inflorescences is different in maize than in Arabidopsis
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Nunes, Sandro Filipe Fernandes. "Influenza A infection dynamics in an Ex vivo organ culture of pig trachea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609311.
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Yoo, Doo-Sung. "Organ-machine Hybrids (Artificial Animals)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281418915.
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Steyger, Peter Stephen. "Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of cytoskeletal features in the guinea pig organ of Corti." Thesis, Keele University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306846.
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Tran, Thi Thu Hong. "Dietary modulation to improve pig health and performance /." Uppsala : Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200891.pdf.
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Carroll, Siobhan Marie. "The effect of feeding organic acids on gut structure in the newly weaned pig." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555884.
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This thesis investigates the effect of feeding organic acids on performance and gut structure in the newly weaned pig. Pig performance and gut structure of pigs fed diets supplemented with a combination of 12g/kg (6.,50g/kg formic, 2.55g/kg propionic) acid and 500 FTU/kg phytase post-weaning was comparable with that of pigs fed diets medicated with 2.1 g/kg Zinc Oxide (ZnO). Formic/propionic acid blend and phytase were used in combination without any interactions and phytase can be used to replace dicalcium phosphate in weaner piglet diets. Litter of origin has a significant effect on small intestine structure and should be considered when investigating the effect of dietary treatment on gut development in the newly weaned pig. Supplementing diets with 1.5g/kg butyrate in its sodium salt form, but not in its esterified form, stimulated gut development; as indicated by longer villi in the proximal small intestine on day 13 post-weaning. Both sodium butyrate and esterified butyrate improved growth rates and FCR and were successfully used in combination with ZnO. Supplementing post-weaning diets with 3.1 g/kg ZnO was the most effective in stimulating feed intake, maintaining performance, enhancing gut development and reducing the incidence of scour in the newly weaned pig. Both indoor and outdoor reared pigs benefitted from ZnO supplementation in the first two weeks post-weaning. Outdoor reared pigs adapted better to the abrupt process of weaning, had a more developed distal small intestine post-weaning and outperformed their indoor reared counterparts due to their ability to maintain sufficient feed intakes. Feeding indoor reared pigs diets supplemented with esterified butyrate and/or ZnO post-weaning produced FCRssimilar to those of the outdoor reared pig, The positive effects on gut development and performance associated with ZnO highlights the value of medicating diets with pharmacological levels of ZnO in the critical period immediately following weaning.
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Pienaar, Bastiaan Hendrik. "Biochemical and haematological changes during and after liver transplantation in the pig : the effect of different methods of storage and flushing solutions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26318.
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Liver transplantation is an accepted form of treatment
in advanced liver disease. The procedure qualifies as one
of the most severe surgical insults that can be inflicted
upon a patient. Despite an ever increasing number of
clinical and experimental transplants, a vast number of
unanswered questions remains about the effects of storage
and transplantation per se, on the functions of this
complex organ. The administration of drugs and blood, with
the effects of the donor state and preservation damage
obscure changes in parameters that are inherently due only
to the process of transplantation,
Changes in calcium and other electrolyte homeostasis,
liver function assessment, acid base metabolism and
coagulation defects that are seen after liver grafting, are
of particular interest to transplant physicians. Current
clinically employed indices of liver function, such as
enzyme levels, are notoriously lacking in specificity and
sensitivity,
The aim of the study was to investigate in the
experimental situation, the effects of standardised
preservation and transplantation, without the added effects
of blood transfusion or immunosuppressive drug
administration, upon calcium and other electrolyte
homeostasis, liver function and coagulation changes. Furthermore, reliable indicators of liver function and/or
damage were looked for. It was not an investigation into
preservation methods to determine superiority of one or
another of these methods, but an evaluation of changes
occurring utilising established and clinically proven
methods of preservation.
Since researchers in the J.S. Marais laboratory, as
well as their international counterparts, have experienced
problems in successful storage of the pig liver for periods
longer than 9 hours, a storage duration of six hours was
chosen for maximum reproducibility.
A brief overview of liver transplantation history has
been given, available literature perused and used in
assessment and discussion of data obtained.
Five groups of six animals were used for orthotopic
liver transplantation. Two groups were autografted with a
non-flushed and Ringers lactate flushed liver respectively.
Two groups were allografted with livers stored in Collins
and University of Wisconsin solutions respectively. A fifth
group was transplanted with a liver stored for six hours by
surface cooling alone, without any flushing at all. The
latter method has not been described in experimental or
clinical liver transplantation before. No immunosuppression
was used in any animal, to eliminate the effects of hepatotoxic drugs. No blood was transfused
at any point during or after the transplant. An animal
survival rate in excess of 90%, for seven days or longer,
was aimed for and obtained.
Blood sampling was done at short intervals in the
immediate postoperative period up to six hours and daily
for a week. All currently used clinical parameters were
determined, as well as indicators which are known, but
novel in transplantation.
Changes in total and ionised calcium values occurred
in all groups and no explanatory mechanism could be
identified. There was no correlation in changes between
total and ionised calcium, nor any correlation with calcium
content of preservation fluids. A reciprocal change in
magnesium was identified.
Acid base metabolism was markedly changed during and
after the transplant. An increase in serum bicarbonate
indicated survival, and a persisting metabolic alkalosis
was seen in all survivors. Sodium and potassium values did
not show marked changes, except for a temporary
hyperkalaemia immediately following reperfusion. Serum
values of liver transaminases were not found to be of value
to discriminate between groups. Protein metabolism was not
affected by transplantation. Glucose metabolism was
markedly affected by transplantation and even more so by poor function. Early return of normal glucose metabolism
indicated survival. Lactic acid metabolism was
conspicuously altered during transplantation and could also
be regarded as an indicator of hepatocyte function.
Coagulation in this series of experiments was affected
negligibly and not thought to be influenced by
transplantation of a normal liver under ideal
circumstances.
Thus, changes in values within groups and variance
between groups, if any, were described and possible
mechanisms causing variation discussed. New indicators of
good liver function post-transplant were identified.
The conclusion was reached that the process of
transplantation per se does cause major changes in
electrolyte and acid-base metabolism, but that coagulation
was not affected by the process of successful preservation
and transplantation.
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Jiménez, de Santiago Diana Elisa. "Pig slurry fertilisation in dryland agriculture. Impacts in the air-soil-water system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667350.
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Aquesta tesi avalua els efectes de diferents estratègies de fertilització amb purins de porc sobre la matèria orgànica del sòl (SOM) i les pèrdues de nitrogen associades a aquesta pràctica. El treball es va realitzar en parcel·les experimentals establertes l'any 2002 en condicions de secà (NE Espanya). L'origen del purí, la dosi i el moment d'aplicació van ser els principals factors avaluats. L'aplicació continuada de purins va augmentar la SOM, reduint l'aromaticitat de les substàncies húmiques analitzades. La matèria orgànica dels purins va desenvolupar en el sòl una repel·lència (superficial) a l'aigua (SWR) transitòria, que per a ser avaluada requereix adaptar els mètodes tradicionals de quantificació (amb aigua o amb solució d’etanol). A camp, la SWR no es va poder relacionar amb les emissions d'amoníac, que van variar entre 11% i el 18% del N amoniacal aplicat. El model LEACHM reprodueix de manera satisfactòria la dinàmica de l'aigua al sòl, tant en condicions de guaret com de conreu (ordi). El màxim d’aigua drenada per sota de 90cm de profunditat va ser de 14.3 mm/any. La dosi de purins (170 kg N/ha) recomanada per a zones vulnerables a la contaminació de nitrats també és recomanable per a reduir els impactes en el sistema aire-sòl-aigua en agricultura de secà.Esta tesis evalúa los efectos de diferentes estrategias de fertilización con purín porcino sobre la materia orgánica del suelo (SOM) y las pérdidas de nitrógeno asociadas a esta práctica. La investigación se desarrolló a partir de parcelas experimentales de secano establecidas en el 2002 (NE de España), considerando como factores el origen del purín, la dosis y el momento de aplicación. La aplicación continuada de purines aumentó la SOM, reduciendo la aromaticidad de sustancias húmicas analizadas. La materia orgánica del purín aplicada desarrolló en el suelo (superficialmente) repelencia al agua (SWR) pero de efecto transitorio. Sin embargo, se requiere adaptar los métodos tradicionales de cuantificación (con agua o con una solución de etanol) para su evaluación. En campo, la SWR no pudo relacionarse con las emisiones de amoniaco, que variaron entre 11% y 18% del N amoniacal aplicado. El modelo LEACHM representó satisfactoriamente la dinámica del agua en el suelo en barbecho y bajo cultivo (cebada). El máximo drenaje, por debajo de 90 cm de profundidad, fue de 14.3 mm/año. La dosis de aplicación de purín (170 kgN/ha) autorizada en áreas vulnerables a la contaminación por nitratos también es recomendable para reducir los impactos en el sistema aire-suelo-agua en agricultura de secano.
This thesis evaluates the effects of different slurry fertilization strategies on the soil organic matter (SOM) and on the nitrogen-related losses outside the agricultural system. The work was performed in a long-term experimental field in a dryland system (NE Spain). Slurry origin, dose and application time were the main analysed factors. The slurry application increased the SOM reducing the aromaticity of the humic-like substances evaluated. The organic matter added with pig slurry developed superficial soil water repellency (SWR) but it was a transitory effect. Its quantification required to adapt the traditional methods of quantification (with water or with an ethanol solution). In the field, SWR could not be related to ammonia emissions, which ranged from 11% to 18% of the applied ammonium-N. The LEACHM model provided satisfactorily the soil water dynamics under fallow and in barley-growing seasons. The maximum annual water drainage was 14.3 mm below 90 cm depth. Slurry rate (170 kg-N/ha) allowed in nitrate vulnerable areas is also advisable to reduce negative slurry impacts in the air-soil-water system in dryland areas.
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Castegren, Markus. "Modulating Organ Dysfunction in Experimental Septic Shock : Effects of Aminoglycosides, Antiendotoxin Measures and Endotoxin Tolerance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149274.
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Sepsis is a common diagnose in the intensive care population, burdened with a high mortality. The systemic inflammatory reaction underlying the development of septic organ dysfunction can be modeled using Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin. This thesis used a porcine endotoxemic experimental sepsis model to address clinical questions difficult to answer in clinical trials; furthermore a model of secondary sepsis was developed. No additional effect on the development of renal dysfunction by tobramycin was found, indicating that a single dose of tobramycin does not further compromise renal function in inflammatory-induced acute kidney injury. Antiendotoxin treatment had no measurable effect on TNF-α-mediated toxicity once the inflammatory cascade was activated. There was an effect on the leukocyte response that was associated with improvements in respiratory function and microcirculation, making it impossible to rule out fully the beneficial effect of this strategy. However, the effects were limited in relation to the magnitude of the endotoxin concentration reduction and the very early application of the antiendotoxin measure. The lungs stood out compared to the other organ systems as having a threshold endotoxin dose for the protective effect of endotoxin tolerance. As to the development of circulatory and renal dysfunction, tolerance to endotoxin was evident regardless of the endotoxin pre-exposure and challenge dose. There was a temporal variation of endotoxin tolerance that did not follow changes in plasma TNF-α concentrations and maximal tolerance was seen very early in the course. More pronounced endotoxin tolerance at the time of maximum tolerance was associated with a more marked hyperdynamic circulation, reduced oxygen consumption and thrombocytopenia eighteen hours later. It might be of interest to use the experimental model of long-term endotoxemia followed by a second hit, which has been designed to resemble an intensive care setting, for the study of treatment effects of immunomodulating therapies in secondary sepsis.Paper 3, previous title as submitted: "Compartmentalization of organ endotoxin tolerance in a porcine model of secondary sepsis"
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Greiner, Stefanie Gray. "The "gift of life" : the role of gratitude in donating and receiving transplant organs /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Ganguly, Bishwajit. "Theoretical Studies Of pie-Facial Selectivity In Organic Reactions." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/120.
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he thesis entitled "Theoretical Studies of pie-Facial Selectivity in Organic Reactions" involve a computational examination of a suitable reactivity problem in organic chemistry. Systematic and efficient -procedures have been developed and tested for rationalizing observed face selectivities in numerous substrates. In a number of cases precise transition state structures have also been computed in a rigorous manner. The molecules examined are by and large sterically unbiased. Considerable emphasis has been placed on obtaining general interpretations, In particular, the relative contributions of various sterio electronic and electrostatic effect have been considered in detail.Predictions of a-face selectivities haw also been made in a few cases.
In recent years many mildly perturbed substrates have been shown to undergo pie-face selective reactions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the available experimental result involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical and Diels- Alder reactions.The current status of theoretical understanding of theae rasults is also summarized.The discussion includes qualitative proposal as well as quantitative calculations on selected substrates. The principal goals of the present work and general features of the MO methods used are briefly discussed.
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Högberg, Ann. "Cereal non-starch polysaccharides in pig diets : influence on digestion site, gut environment and microbial populations /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a413.pdf.
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Brown, Abigail Gunther. "The study of volatile organic compounds associated with decomposition of pig tissue as a model for human decomposition." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12298.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston UniversityVolatile organic compounds are a topic of interest for researchers in a variety of fields. These areas include the postmortem interval (PMI), cadaver dogs, postmortem toxicology, search and rescue, human scent as a biometric measure, human scent as an attractant to mosquitoes, and cancer biomarkers. In the research of volatile organic compounds associated with human decomposition, a number of methods and techniques are being used, which leads to inconsistencies in the compounds detected. The difficulty in the procurement of human tissues for research also adds to the inconsistencies and the limitations of current research. The domestic pig is often used as a substitute for human research because it has been determined to be the best model corpse. Due to the many restrictions associated with testing on human cadavers, pigs are often substituted because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. This study analyzed the volatile organic compounds associated with the decomposition of pig tissue as a model for the volatile organic compounds associated with human decomposition. Heated passive headspace concentration with activated carbon as the adsorbent material followed by analysis with GC/MS was tested for its reliability in recovering and detecting volatile organic compounds of decomposition. The volatile organic compounds detected were examined for their applicability in determining the postmortem interval and for their use as cadaver dog training aids. The volatile organic compounds detected were compared to volatile organic compounds reported in the literature and examined to determine their reliability in using the domestic pig as a research model for humans. The results of this study demonstrated the need for a reliable, consistent method for analyzing volatile organic compounds associated with decomposition. It also demonstrated the need for procurement of human tissue for further research. The results of this research further demonstrated the variability surrounding the decomposition process and the difficulty in determining the postmortem interval based on the volatile organic compounds detected. This research corroborated that the compounds detected from decomposition are not unique or specific to human decomposition and exposes a number of areas that require further research and exposes aspects of current research that need to be reexamined.
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Tucker, Alexander William. "In-vitro studies of transgenic pigs as potential organ donors in xenotransplantation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627382.
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Samuelsson, Linda. "Methods for the Synthesis of PET Tracers and NMR Studies of Ribonuclease A." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5932.
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Plichta, Veronika [Verfasser], and Dennis [Akademischer Betreuer] Nowak. "Bioavailability of plasticizers in dust and food after oral administration to model organism pig / Veronika Plichta ; Betreuer: Dennis Nowak." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153712083/34.
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Dinh, Vincent Vinh. "Degradation in organic light emitting devices /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Bader, Nicholas E. "Plant control of soil organic carbon accumulation /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Fung, Ka Man. "Injection characteristics of transport layers in PIN OLED." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1448.
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Cruickshank, Moira A. "Using psychological theory to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviour in the context of urological cancer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185651.
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Psychology uses theory supported by empirical evidence to accumulate generalisable knowledge and learn from various contexts. Two commonly used theories are the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Common-Sense Self Regulation Model (CS-SRM). Possible limitations in previous studies using these theories have been identified: (1) TPB studies focus upon one specified behaviour and ignore behavioural alternatives; (2) the CS-SRM is routinely not fully operationalised. This research aimed to develop an ‘extended TPB’ assessing ‘intention choice’ (where participants report their intended course of action regarding one or more specified behavioural alternatives) and to operationalise the CS-SRM more fully than is usually reported. The context was people with urological cancer. Methods: Three studies were conducted: (1) CS-SRM-based longitudinal study of people with urological cancer (n=172) to predict anxiety and depression; (2) Extended-TPB-based prospective study of men with localised prostate cancer (n=35) using both between- and within-person approaches to explore intention choice with respect to treatment; (3) Extended-TPB-based before-after study of medical students (n=93) to evaluate the effects of teaching on simulated communication behaviour. Results: (1) Anxiety and depression at Time 2 were predicted by number of information sources reported at Time 1 after controlling for baseline anxiety and depression; (2) TPB constructs were consistent with intention choice and intention choice was consistent with actual treatment. Within-persons, the model could not identify men who later reported poor outcomes; (3) All TPB-related cognitions changed between Time 1 and Time 2 but simulated behaviour scores did not change. Discussion: Relationships between the TPB constructs both between- and within-persons were consistent with actual treatment. The extended TPB measures were sensitive to change when behavioural alternatives were assessed. The CS-SRM was operationalised beyond illness representations. Conclusions: It was feasible to apply both the extended TPB (between- and within-persons) and CS-SRM in this context.
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Bosc, Alexandre. "Etude expérimentale du fonctionnement hydrique et carboné des organes aériens du Pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait. ) : intégration dans un modèle structure-fonction appliqué à l'analyse de l'autonomie carbonée des branches de la couronne d'un arbre adulte." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28653.
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Swanson, Claudia H. "Synthesis and characterization of heavier P-block metal-organic materials /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Monsen, Katie Lenore. "Managing nitrogen in organic vegetable agroecosystems on California's Central Coast /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Zhang, Qi. "Chemistry of organic nitrogen in atmospheric waters and fine particles /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Siebold, Matthias Alexander. "An analysis of the sustainability of the organic dehesa pig farming systems in Andalusia, Spain, using the multiple criteria decision-making paradigm." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515207.
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Thomson, Alison Kathryn. "Organ developmental and maturational defects in Spinal Muscular Atrophy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231849.
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Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), traditionally described as a predominantly childhood form of motor neuron disease, is a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. Although motor neurons are undoubtedly the primary affected cell type, SMA is now widely recognised as a multisystem disorder, where a variety of organs and systems in the body are also affected. Vascular perfusion abnormalities have previously been reported in both patients and mouse models of SMA, however it remains unclear whether these defects are secondary to the motor neuron pathology for which this disease is known. Through analysis of the 'Taiwanese' murine model of severe SMA (Smn-/-;SMN2tg/0, Smn-/+) we report significant vascular defects in the retinas of SMA mice, a tissue devoid of motor neurons, thus providing strong evidence that these vascular defects are independent of motor neuron pathologies. We show that restoration of Smn levels by antisense oligonucleotide treatment at birth significantly ameliorates retinal vascular defects. Next, we report defects in the neural retina, with a significant decrease in key neural cells in SMA mice. A similar vascular pathology was expected in the spleen of SMA mice given that the spleen is small and pale in appearance; however, the density of the intrinsic vasculature remained unchanged. We report that the spleen is disproportionately small in SMA mice, correlated to low levels of cell proliferation, increased cell death, and multiple lacunae. The SMA spleen lacks its distinctive red appearance and presents with a degenerated capsule and a disorganized fibrotic architecture. Histologically distinct white pulp fails to form and this is reflected in an almost complete absence of B lymphocytes necessary for normal immune function. Taken together, these results highlight both the vascular and immune systems as key targets of SMA pathology that should be considered during treatment of this disease.
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Erdmann, Luiza Fernanda. "Eficiência do Dejeto Líquido Suíno na Fertilização do Milho em Aplicação Superficial e Injetado no Solo." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2016. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2439.
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Capes
The pig breeding on Brazil has grown expressively, mainly on Santa Catarina state, where the activity is concentrated in certain regions, causing high risk of pollution from swine manure. Nevertheless, when used correctly, such residues can be an alternative to fertilizing, because in addition to nitrogen (N), the liquid swine manure (DLS) contains phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The aim of this work was evaluate the DLS and mineral fertilizer (NPK) incorporation to soil on field condition supplemented by nitrification inhibiter (DCD) as an way of increasing its efficiency as N sources for maize crop. The treatments were control, NPK, NPK+DCD, DLS, and DLS+DCD applied on soil surface and incorporated. The experimental design was random blocks, with split plot and four replicates. The soil contents of ammonium-N and nitric-N were determined at 30, 60 and 90 days after fertilization, and in that late time also the soil pH and contents of available P and K, and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Al. Were also determined the macronutrients contents on leaf tissue, and the yields of biomass and grain. The DCD decreased the velocity of nitrification and kept longer the contents of ammoniacal-N and nitric-N on soil. The treatments with DLS caused higher P content in the soil, but fertilizer did not differ in the contents of K, Ca and Mg. The incorporation increased the soil nitric-N and available P contents relative to the surface application. The highest nitrogen content in the leaves was observed with NPK+DCD, while P and K were with DLS. The yield was greater when the DCD were added to fertilizers, indicating that the use of nitrification inhibitor can be a good practice
A suinocultura no Brasil tem crescido expressivamente, principalmente em Santa Catarina, onde a atividade concentra-se nas regiões oeste, centro e sul do estado, causando alto risco de poluição pelos dejetos gerados. Todavia, quando utilizado racionalmente, esse resíduo pode ser uma alternativa para adubação, pois além de nitrogênio (N), o dejeto líquido suíno (DLS) contém todos os demais nutrientes, especialmente fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg). O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar em condição de campo a incorporação ao solo do DLS e do fertilizante mineral (NPK) adicionados do inibidor da nitrificação dicianodiamida (DCD), como forma de aumentar a eficiência como fontes de N para a cultura do milho em Cambissolo Húmico Alumínico de Lages/SC. Foram aplicados os tratamentos testemunha, NPK, NPK+DCD, DLS e DLS+DCD nos modos de aplicação incorporada e superficial, organizados em blocos completos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Foram determinados os teores de N-amonical e N-nítrico no solo, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, e nessa última época, o pH em água e os teores de P e K extraíveis, e de Ca, Mg e alumínio (Al) trocáveis. Também foram determinados os teores foliares desses macronutrientes e os rendimentos de fitomassa da parte aérea e de grãos. A DCD diminuiu a velocidade da nitrificação e conservou por mais tempo os teores de N-amoniacal e N-nítrico no solo. Os tratamentos com DLS promoveram maiores teores de P no solo, entretanto, os fertilizantes não diferiram quanto aos teores de K, Ca e Mg. A incorporação aumentou o N-nítrico e o P extraível do solo em relação à aplicação superficial. O NPK+DCD promoveu maior teor de N nas folhas e o DLS maiores teores os de P e K. Os fertilizantes adicionados de DCD promoveram maior rendimento de grãos, indicando que o uso desse inibidor de nitrificação junto com a aplicação incorporada pode ser vantajoso
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Paudyal, Priyamvada. "Respiratory symptoms and lung function in relation to cotton dust and endotoxin exposure in textile workers in Nepal." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166944.
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Background: Cotton workers are highly exposed to organic dust. Inhalation of cotton based particulate has been associated with various respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. This study investigates the respiratory health profile of textile mill workers in Nepal in relation to dust and endotoxin exposure. Methods: This study was conducted in four sectors (garment, carpet, weaving and recycling) of the textile industry in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 938 individuals completed a health questionnaire and performed spirometry. A subset of 384 workers performed cross-shift spirometry. Personal exposure to inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin was measured during a full-shift for a 114 workers. Results: Geometric mean concentrations of personal exposure to cotton dust and endotoxin were 0.81 mg/m3 and 2160 EU/m3 respectively. Overall prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, wheeze, breathlessness and chest tightness were 8.5%, 12.5%, 3.2%, 6.5%and 3.6% respectively. Symptoms were most common among the recyclers and less in the garment sector. Exposure to inhalable dust significantly predicted the symptoms of persistent cough and chest tightness. Significant cross-shift reduction in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25_75 were measured in the textile workers (p<0.001 for all); reductions being greater in the recyclers (-143 ml) and smallest in the garment workers (-38 ml) (p=0.012). Cross-shift reduction in FEV1 was significantly predicated by exposure to inhalable dust. Exposure to endotoxin did not correlate with any of the respiratory symptoms nor to lung function. Conclusion: The measured association between exposure to inhalable dust and reporting of respiratory symptoms and lung function suggests that despite high levels of endotoxin exposures, inhalable dust is the driver for these effects and attention should turn to what might be the toxic component in this dust other than endotoxin.
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Tenbrink, Krista Marie [Verfasser], Nicole [Akademischer Betreuer] Kemper, and Madeleine [Gutachter] Plötz. "Examination of the hygienic status of selected organic enrichment materials used in pig farming / Krista Marie Tenbrink ; Gutachter: Madeleine Plötz ; Betreuer: Nicole Kemper." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237684676/34.
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Roberts, Bruce Alan. "The role of soil organic matter in a cotton based cropping system /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thomschke, Michael. "Inverted Organic Light Emitting Diodes." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-106255.
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This study focuses on the investigation of the key parameters that determine the optical and electrical characteristics of inverted top-emitting organic light emitting diodes (OLED). A co-deposition of small molecules in vacuum is used to establish electrically doped films that are applied in n-i-p layered devices. The knowledge about the functionality of each layer and parameter is important to develop efficient strategies to reach outstanding device performances.
In the first part, the thin film optics of top-emitting OLEDs are investigated, focusing on light extraction via cavity tuning, external outcoupling layers (capping layer), and the application of microlens films. Optical simulations are performed to determine the layer configuration with the maximum light extraction efficiency for monochrome phosphorescent devices. The peak efficiency is found at 35%, while varying the thickness of the charge transport layers, the
semitransparent anode, and the capping layer simultaneously. Measurements of the spatial light distribution validate, that the capping layer influences the spectral width and the resonance wavelength of the extracted cavity mode, especially for TM polarization. Further, laminated microlens films are applied to benefit from strong microcavity effects in stacked OLEDs by spatial mixing of external and to some extend internal light modes. These findings are used to demonstrate white top-emitting OLEDs on opaque substrates showing power conversion efficiencies up to 30 lm/W and a color rendering index of 93, respectively.
In the second part, the charge carrier management of n-i-p layered diodes is investigated as it strongly deviates from that of the p-i-n layered counterparts. The influence of the bottom cathode material and the electron transport layer is found to be negligible in terms of driving voltage, which means that the assumption of an ohmic bottom contact is valid. The hole transport and the charge carrier injection at the anode is much more sensitive to the evaporation sequence, especially when using hole transport materials with a glass transition
temperature below 100°C. As a consequence, thermal annealing of fabricated inverted OLEDs is found to drastically improve the device electronics, resulting in lower driving voltages and an increased internal efficiency. The annealing effect on charge transport comes from a reduced charge accumulation due to an altered film morphology of the transport layers, which is proven for electrons and for holes independently. The thermal treatment can further lead to a device degradation. Finally, the thickness and the material of the blocking layers which usually control the charge confinement inside the OLED are found to influence the recombination much more effectively in inverted OLEDs compared to non-inverted ones.
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Adem, Ziad, Flavien Guenneau, Marie-Anne Springuel-Huet, and Antoine Gédéon. "Study of the butane diffusion in metal organic framework materials by PFG NMR experiments." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-189409.
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Adem, Ziad, Flavien Guenneau, Marie-Anne Springuel-Huet, and Antoine Gédéon. "Study of the butane diffusion in metal organic framework materials by PFG NMR experiments." Diffusion fundamentals 11 (2009) 18, S. 1-2, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13957.
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Leatherbarrow, Jane Florence. "'Culmination chromatic density' in the free organ fugues of J.S. Bach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239053.
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The term 'Culmination chromatic density' (CCD) is devised for the thesis to describe perceived unusual chromatic harmony which occurs towards the end of a few of Bach's free organ fugues. The thesis seeks to determine the nature of the harmony, to establish if seventeenth and eighteenth-century theorists discuss fugue culmination harmony, and whether composers before Bach wrote fugues with unusual culmination harmony. After establishing an outline organ fugue chronology, historical music theory and fugues before Bach are examined for the purpose of identifying influences upon Bach's fugue culmination harmony. The main body of the thesis is an harmonic and structural analysis by chronology of thirty-six of Bach's fugues, individually and collectively. The analysis establishes fugue structure through tables of thematic entries, and the examination of thematic material, counterpoint, and tonal structure. The analysis also examines the accidentals, which are discussed and presented in graphs. The analysis of intervals gives detailed insight into the use of consonances and dissonances. Figured bass is used in music examples to show harmony and progressions. The analysis establishes that there is CCD in certain fugues of Bach, and that there are specific structural features, procedures and advanced compositional techniques associated with CCD. There is a clear link between incidences of CCD and fugue chronology. CCD is linked with fugue structure; and advanced fugues with CCD possess unique structures, procedures, and harmony. The analysis establishes that Bach uses background structures, an important additional compositional tool which is related to CCD. There is evidence of historical precedent in some aspects of CCD, both from music treatises, and in some fugues of antecedent French, German, and Italian composers. Areas for further research are suggested. Implications are that Bach uses previously undiscovered methods for fugue composition, and that there are potential changes to the established chronology.
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Reynoso-Paz, Carolina Beatriz Mariuska. "Synthesis and evaluation of functionalized polymers for use in solid phase organic synthesis /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2003.Degree granted in Chemistry. Dissertation completed in 2002; degree granted in 2003. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).
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Ferreira, Luís Jorge Martinez. "Reciclagem descentralizada de resíduos orgânicos industriais através do processo de codigestão anaeróbia com chorumes de suinicultura." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7337.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis study aimed to conclude about the performance and effectiveness of co-anaerobic digestion solutions applied to decentralised management of residual flows of livestock production, agricultural and agro-industries. Therefore, it was considered the anaerobic co-digestion of two waste streams produced in the same geographic area within an intensive pig production region, with a logical approach to industrial ecology. For the working base model of co-digestion with pig slurry (ChS), it was chosen the waste stream of pears and apples (RPM) from the rejection and selection processes of centralised fruit storage and distribution facilities, and the oily exudate from the industrial cooking process of sardines (ECS) of a sardine cannery factory. A comprehensive study of water use and production of manure on pig farms was conducted in order to conclude about the average quality of pig slurry produced in Portugal. From the several trials developed, it was concluded that residues of pears and apples after a bioconversion pre-treatment (BRPM) are an excellent co-substrate. With a composition (v/v %) BRPM:ChS of 30:70 and 66:34, it was increased respectively 3 and 3,6 times the productivity of the digester, when compared with the performance achieved only with pig slurry. The anaerobic co-digestion of BRPM in with ChS resulted in a national patent. From the experiments that used wasted sardine oil (ECS) as co-substrate it was concluded that a mixture composition (% v/v) ECS:ChS of 5:95, could increase in a 3,7 fold the productivity of the digester, when compared with the one achieved only with pig slurry. In order to transpose these studies to more realistic conditions, a mobile pilot plant was designed in order to develop in natural operation conditions similar assays in a pig farm. This anaerobic digestion mobile unit was also patented. The pilot study demonstrated the technical feasibility to develop anaerobic co-digestion processes using the waste stream of pears and apples and the exudate from the industrial cooking process of sardines with pig manure, and to manage it in a decentralised model throughout the year.
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Rains, Kai Coshow. "Ericoid mycorrhizas in organic substrates : distribution of ericoid mycorrhizas among epiphytes in a Costa Rican cloud forest and uptake of organic nitrogen by ericoid, ecto-, and arbuscular mycorrhizal pygmy forest plants /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Goodman, Michael K. "Articulating alternative moral economies? : the socio-ecological imaginary of organic and fair trade foods /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Rabaud, Nicole Elisabeth. "Characterization and quantification of airborne ammonia and volatile organic compounds from industrial animal agriculture /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Kalldin, Sofie. "Lamination of Organic Solar Modules." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biomolekylär och Organisk Elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105629.
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As the Worlds energy demand is increasing we need more of our energy to be generated from resources that affect the climate as little as possible. Solar power could be the solution if there were solar panels with a less energy demanding production than the established silicon based solar modules. Printable organic solar cells will enable a cheap production process, thus they are mainly made out of polymers in solution. However, to be able to decrease the total cost of the solar modules the commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) for the transparent electrode needs to be replaced by a less expensive material. If the cheap, high conductive and transparent polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) could replace ITO the cost of organic solar modules would significantly decrease. For PEDOT:PSS to be able to replace ITO there are requirements that have to be met. The transparent electrode needs to be apart from transparent, highly conductive, have a low contact resistance to the other materials in the organic solar cell and be printable. In this study it has been shown that the PEDOT:PSS film with Zonyl and Diethylene Glycol (DEG) as an secondary dopant, is capable of laminating to thin films made out of PEDOT:PSS, metal or a polymer fullerene blend. The contact resistances between two PEDOT:PSS films and PEDOT:PSS film and a metal film proved to be low. When laminating to a metal film an interlayer of Silver Nano Wires (AgNW) was needed to achieve a low contact resistance.
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Anua, Siti Marwanis. "Workplace and home exposure to respiratory sensitisers : examining the work to home pathway." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203876.
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Background: Contamination of the skin and clothing may lead to workers inadvertently bringing harmful materials home and exposing family members, so called para-occupational exposure. This study investigates whether workplace contamination with respiratory sensitisers such as laboratory animal allergens, flour, isocyanates and enzymes is transported from work to the home environment. Methods: 3 laboratory animal facilities, 92 bakeries, 47 car body workshops, and 2 hospitals in the Grampian region of Scotland were invited to take part in a series of linked studies to increase understanding of the ‘take-home' pathway. Control subjects were recruited from staff and students at the University of Aberdeen. Take-home exposure assessment was carried out using two techniques: surface wipe sampling and vacuum sampling in workplaces, cars and homes. Samples were also collected in the homes of control subjects. Samples from bakers were analysed for total protein, wheat flour antigen (WFA) and fungal alpha amylase (FAA) while samples from laboratory animal workers were analysed for mouse urinary protein (Mus m 1). Enzyme cleaning agents were analysed for subtilisin proteolytic activity. Similar methods using SWYPE™ aliphatic pads for isocyanate contamination assessment were conducted among car body repairers. The pads were scanned and images of SWYPE™ pads were used to estimate contamination against the quantitative assay MDHS 25/3. All analyses were done by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) apart from the SWYPE™ RGB tests and gravimetric measurements. Results: A total of 13 laboratory animal workers in 3 animal facilities, 38 bakers in 5 bakeries, 13 car painters in 5 car body workshops and 20 control subjects participated in the study. Two hospitals were surveyed for enzyme exposures and 3 endoscope cleaning technicians were monitored. Evidence of take-home exposure was found for bakery workers, with potential contamination that could lead to home exposure in the car body repair and hospital workers. Higher levels of Mus m 1 contamination were detected on house door handles of non-exposed controls compared to the exposed laboratory workers (0.62 vs. 0.1 ng/wipe, p<0.001) probably due to exposure variability, might be because exposed laboratory workers being involved in a job that requires more hand washing than the general population, or suggesting widespread environmental contamination with this allergen, and these making it impossible to determine if work-home pathway exists for these workers. There was detectable WFA and FAA found on the hands, forehead, shoes, cars and homes of bakers. Compared to controls, bakers had higher median levels of WFA and FAA in house vacuum samples; the difference was statistically significant for WFA/total protein (516x10-6 vs. 164x10-6, p=0.031), FAA/total protein ratios (1.45x10-6 vs. 0.04x10-6, p<0.001) and FAA loading (1.2 pg/cm2 vs. 0.1 pg/cm2, p<0.001). Among car painters, SWYPE™ colorimetric colour changes score showed three positive SWYPE™ colour changes on skin, and three positive results on shoes of car body workshop workers. However quantitative colour analysis of the SWYPE™ pads proved ineffective for field measurements. Hand wipes of hospital workers during mid-shift and post-shift showed evidence of proteolytic activity, indicating possible spread of contamination from hands, unsatisfactory hygiene practices and the potential for take-home contamination of enzyme. Presence of contamination on footwear indicated that possible transfer of enzyme to other places including homes may occur. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the existence of pathways for take-home exposure of allergens among bakers via skin and clothing from workplaces to cars and workers' homes. The take-home pathway for laboratory animal allergens and isocyanates was not demonstrated and further investigation should be performed for enzyme cleaning agents used in healthcare settings by monitoring dermal take-home exposure with comparison to controls. Further work is needed to ascertain how widespread the take-home of respiratory sensitisers may be and the possible implications to the health of workers' families and the wider community. If parental occupation can lead to take-home exposure to respiratory asthmagens, and consequently to childhood asthma, then this represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for these cases of para-occupational asthma. There is a need for greater understanding of the take-home pathway of exposure to asthmagens and sensitisers and for a programme of education and control measures to limit the transfer of such material from the workplace to the home and wider community.
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Grant, Neil. "Application of titania photocatalysis for organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185854.
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The addition of benzyltrimethylsilane to maleic anhydride mediated by TiO2 photocatalysis was initially investigated. The affect of changing the catalyst, the radical trap loading and the substitution of the benzyltrimethylsilane molecule was assessed. Cyclisation precursors based on benzyltrimethylsilane were prepared, but were found not to cyclise via TiO2 photocatalysis. A number of other systems were assessed for their ability to cyclise under TiO2 photocatalysis; tertiary amines, aminomethyltrimethylsilanes, phenoxymethyltrimethylsilanes and phenoxyacetic acids. Phenoxymethyltrimethylsilane and phenoxyacetic acid were found to add effectively to maleic anhydride under TiO2 photocatalysis conditions, however they were unreactive with regards to cyclisation. EPR spectroscopy has been employed to characterise further the reaction of benzylsilanes with maleic anhydride under TiO2 photocatalytic conditions. A number of EPR active species were observed; trapped holes and electrons, which reside within the TiO2 catalyst. In addition, methyl and benzyl radicals were observed and were found to originate from the oxidation of the benzylsilanes by trapped holes in the TiO2 catalyst. However, no radical species were observed from the maleic anhydride. These observations had the following consequences for the currently proposed reaction mechanism for the addition of benzyltrimethylsilane with maleic anhydride under TiO2 photocatalysis. The observation of the benzyl radical definitely proved that the reactive intermediate was indeed the proposed benzyl radical The absence of any maleic anhydride EPR active species cast doubt on the role of maleic anhydride as an electron trap. Moreover when maleic anhydride is removed from the reaction system, interstitial Ti3+ species is absent from the EPR spectra, indicating that maleic anhydride is in fact acting as a hole trap.
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Rhydderch, Shona. "Spectroscopic studies of photocatalysts for organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215112.
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Wallenbeck, Anna. "Pigs for organic production : studies of sow behaviour, piglet-production and GxE interactions for performance /." Uppsala : Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200937.pdf.
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Balfagón-Romeo, Aitor. "NUTRITIONAL APPROACH TO MINERAL OVER-SUPPLEMENTATION IN GROW-FINISH PIGS: ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS AND PHOSPHORUS BODY ACCRETION." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/184.
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The initial study herein assessed mineral digestibility in situations when reducedamounts of inorganic and organic (proteinates) trace minerals (TM) were fed in finishingpigs, and their long-term effects on body mineral status. The second study was aslaughter-investigation that tested the impact of lean growth potential on phosphorusbody accretion from 30 to 110 kg.Organic TM exhibited neither improvement in digestibility nor in total retention;fecal excretion responded quantitatively to mineral intake independently of the source.Contents of copper in kidney and zinc in liver were higher for pigs fed the organic form.Phosphorus content was linearly related to live weight, empty body weight, andnitrogen content. Phosphorus accretion was very similar for both genetic backgrounds,with gilts retaining more mineral (Pandlt;0.05) than barrows. A N/P deposition ratio of 5.14was determined for pigs of both genders and genetic backgrounds to further predictphosphorus requirements based on protein accretion.Reduction of TM waste from growing-finishing pigs may be best addressed bylimiting their dietary inclusion rather than by using organic forms. Data from the secondstudy may be useful for an accurate estimation of phosphorus requirements, whichaccounts for variations in lean accretion rate.
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McNeilage, Erin Margaret. "Effects of feed enzymes and feeding regimens on growth, digestibility, organ weight, and meat quality in finishing pigs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51084.pdf.
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