Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pig organs

Academic literature on the topic 'Pig organs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pig organs"

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Kobayashi, Eiji. "Challenges for Production of Human Transplantable Organ Grafts." Cell Medicine 9, no. 1-2 (January 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/215517916x693113.

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The described research methods explain how you could generate a three-dimensional kidney, based on recent research results. The first method is to fabricate human organs in a pig body. The second is to transplant the so-called “organ bud” into a patient's body for further development. The third method is to regenerate organs by filling cells into the cytoskeleton as a scaffold. Research for the in vitro fabrication of organ buds has been elaborately accelerated. The organ bud transplantation has been confronted with issues of continuity with the original organs, so the development of technology for achieving continuity between a transplanted organ bud and the existing organs is progressing well. The “organ fabrication” methodology, whereby cells are placed into completely decellularized organs, is supported by recent research results using pig organs taking the size of humans into consideration.
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Waltz, Emily. "When pig organs will fly." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 12 (December 2017): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4027.

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Langlitz, Nicolas. "Pig hearts and god’s organs." BioSocieties 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2015.14.

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Androma, Elvira Mega, and Laela Umi Khasanah. "Anatomy and Histology of Reproductive Organ of Male Guinea Pig As a Source of Learning." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.262.

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This study were aim to (1) describe the anatomical and histological structures of testicular organ, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands, and penis in guinea pig (2) develop learning media in the form of histological slides as well as anatomy atlas of male reproductive organs (3) examine the atlas of reproductive organs of male guinea pig as a source of learning. Slide were made using paraffin method with HE staining. The study revealed histological structure of the five guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) accessory glands, namely ampullary glands, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and preputial gland. In addition, guinea pig penis had a baculum on its base. The results of the student response test showed very good category with the percentage of 90,55%. The readability test had very good value from the subject expert (95,71%), media expert (81,66%), peer reviewer (88,07%) and biology teacher (81,51%). Overall, the atlas of the 'Anatomy of Male Reproductive Organs of Guinea Pig' had excellent quality and deserves to be used as a learning resource.
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Hammerman, Marc R. "Xenotransplantation of Embryonic Pig Kidney or Pancreas to Replace the Function of Mature Organs." Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/501749.

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Lack of donor availability limits the number of human donor organs. The need for host immunosuppression complicates transplantation procedures. Ultrastructurally precise kidneys differentiate in situ following xenotransplantation in mesentery of embryonic pig renal primordia. The developing organ attracts its blood supply from the host, obviating humoral rejection. Engraftment of pig renal primordia transplanted directly into rats requires host immune suppression. However, insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following initiation of organogenesis [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long term in nonimmune-suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Engraftment of morphologically similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) occurs in rats previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Here, we review recent findings germane to xenotransplantation of pig renal or pancreatic primordia as a novel organ replacement strategy.
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Ukhovskyi, V. V., O. M. Romanov, and B. V. Borisevich. "Pathologic changes in pig organs, infected with the Aujeszkys disease." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 3, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_199.

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The data on histological studies of organs of suckling piglets that died from Aujeszky's disease presented in the article. To study of the microscopic changes, organ and tissue samples were taken from 5 suckling pigs (aged 4 to 6 days old). In all piglets, the diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. For histological studies, tissue samples were taken from the following organs: lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, kidneys, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, brain and spinal cord. The studies established that as a result of the Aujeszky’s disease virus impact on various organs and tissues, in dead pigs, significant pathomorphological changes are observed in most parenchymal organs. As a result of the histological studies of the internal organs of the pigs, died due to Aujeszky's disease the presence of significant microscopic changes in all morphological formations of these organs were found. It was described a number of micromorphological signs of piglets pathological changes and a set of criteria that can be used to substantiate a postmortem diagnosis of this disease was identified.
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Moya-Jódar, Marta, Giulia Coppiello, Juan Roberto Rodríguez-Madoz, Gloria Abizanda, Paula Barlabé, Amaia Vilas-Zornoza, Asier Ullate-Agote, et al. "One-Step In Vitro Generation of ETV2-Null Pig Embryos." Animals 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12141829.

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Each year, tens of thousands of people worldwide die of end-stage organ failure due to the limited availability of organs for use in transplantation. To meet this clinical demand, one of the last frontiers of regenerative medicine is the generation of humanized organs in pigs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) via blastocyst complementation. For this, organ-disabled pig models are needed. As endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in xenotransplantation rejection in every organ, we aimed to produce hematoendothelial-disabled pig embryos targeting the master transcription factor ETV2 via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome modification. In this study, we designed five different guide RNAs (gRNAs) against the DNA-binding domain of the porcine ETV2 gene, which were tested on porcine fibroblasts in vitro. Four out of five guides showed cleavage capacity and, subsequently, these four guides were microinjected individually as ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) into one-cell-stage porcine embryos. Next, we combined the two gRNAs that showed the highest targeting efficiency and microinjected them at higher concentrations. Under these conditions, we significantly improved the rate of biallelic mutation. Hence, here, we describe an efficient one-step method for the generation of hematoendothelial-disabled pig embryos via CRISPR-Cas9 microinjection in zygotes. This model could be used in experimentation related to the in vivo generation of humanized organs.
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Dillner, L. "Pig organs approved for human transplants." BMJ 312, no. 7032 (March 16, 1996): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7032.657.

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Boonyong, Nuchjaree, Sarawan Kaewmongkol, Duangdaow Khunbutsri, Khomsan Satchasataporn, and Nattakan Meekhanon. "Contamination of Streptococcus suis in pork and edible pig organs in central Thailand." Veterinary World 12, no. 1 (January 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.165-169.

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Background and Aim: Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause serious diseases in both swine and humans worldwide, especially in Asian countries. Since the majority of human cases reported in Thailand were infected by the consumption of a raw pork dish, the microbial food safety hazard associated with raw meat has been a matter of concern. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the contamination by S. suis in pork and edible pig organs sold in central Thailand. Materials and Methods: In total, 88 raw pork and pig organ samples were purchased from markets, butcher shops, and supermarkets in central Thailand. The samples were examined using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. LAMP reactions used for the detection of the DNA of S. suis (LAMPSS) and S. suis serotype 2 or 1/2 (LAMPSS2) were carried out according to previous studies. Results: The percentage of LAMPSS-positive samples was as high as 85.23% (75/88) while the percentage of LAMPSS2- positive samples was 17.05% (15/88). The percentages of LAMPSS- and LAMPSS2-positive samples were relatively high in both pig organs (lung and heart) and meat (sliced pork and minced pork) compared with the previous report. Except one supermarket, LAMPSS-positive samples were found in all sources investigated in this study. The pork and pig organs obtained from the markets and the butcher shops additionally gave positive results for LAMPSS2. Conclusion: Using LAMP techniques, high rate contamination of S. suis was found in raw pork and edible pig organs sold at different sources in central Thailand. The cross-contamination could have occurred through slaughtering, meat cutting, and meat handling processes. Therefore, consumers and people involved in the pig production industry should be aware of the potential hazards of S. suis infection; food safety education is crucial to prevent further infection.
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Koplin, Julian, and Dominic Wilkinson. "Moral uncertainty and the farming of human-pig chimeras." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105227.

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It may soon be possible to generate human organs inside of human-pig chimeras via a process called interspecies blastocyst complementation. This paper discusses what arguably the central ethical concern is raised by this potential source of transplantable organs: that farming human-pig chimeras for their organs risks perpetrating a serious moral wrong because the moral status of human-pig chimeras is uncertain, and potentially significant. Those who raise this concern usually take it to be unique to the creation of chimeric animals with ‘humanised’ brains. In this paper, we show how that the same style of argument can be used to critique current uses of non-chimeric pigs in agriculture. This reveals an important tension between two common moral views: that farming human-pig chimeras for their organs is ethically concerning, and that farming non-chimeric pigs for food or research is ethically benign. At least one of these views stands in need of revision.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pig organs"

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Elefson, Sarah K. "DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE PIG FROM BIRTH TO 42 DAYS POST-WEANING (1.5 – 25 KILOGRAMS BODYWEIGHT)." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/112.

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This study evaluated the changes in body composition, glycogen tissue reserves, visceral organ growth, and small intestine morphology in the young pig. A total of 96 crossbred pigs were euthanized at birth (pre-suckle), days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 postpartum, weaning at day 21, and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 42 post-weaning. Body composition of the pig had increasing dry matter and fat, decreasing ash, calcium and phosphorus, and relatively static protein percentage over the course of the study. Liver and muscle glycogen was greatest at birth. Following birth and weaning there was a distinct decrease in the amount of liver glycogen, while there was only a clear decrease in muscle glycogen at birth. Absolute measures of the visceral organs increased in a variety of manners (linear, quadratic and/or cubic); relative measures of visceral organs responded in different manners to increasing age. In the suckling period, villous height, villous height:crypt depth ratio, and goblet cell count was greater than in the post-weaning period. Crypt depth continued to increase through the entire study. Villi measurements of the middle and distal portion of the small intestine taken via scanning electron microscope, revealed different responses to increasing age, but numerically, villi width increased, villi density, enterocyte width, and microvilli density decreased, and microvilli diameter was relatively static. Villi, on average, increased the absorptive area of the small intestine 18 fold and microvilli increased the surface area on average 400 fold. This study provided a vast amount of biometric information on the development of the young pig from birth to 42 d post weaning.
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Mare, Louise. "Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria evaluated in a gastro-intestinal model and in in vivo pig trials." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50427.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes the use of a gastro-intestinal model to screen lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of post-weaned piglets (raised on six different diets) for probiotic properties. Intestinal bacteria were isolated from ,the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, ileum and colon. The highest cell numbers (6 x 107 cfulg) were isolated from the ileum. No significant differences in viable cell counts were recorded for piglets raised on the six diets. Isolates with the best overall probiotic properties were identified as members of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum. The two strains selected for further studies were Lactobacillus plantarum 423 (originally isolated from sorghum beer) and Lactobacillus salivarius 241 (isolated from pig intestine). Enterococcus faecalis FAIR E 92 was originally isolated from pig intestine and was included in this study as a non-pathogenic challenge strain. L. plantarum 423 produces a bacteriocin plantaricin 423, active against E. faecalis FAIRE 92. L. plan/arum 423 and L. salivarius 241 were included in the gastro-intestinal model and their adhesion to the mucus of porcine ileum studied with fluorescent-in-si/u-hybridization (FISH). A decrease in viable cell numbers of L. plan/arum 423 was recorded in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in the presence of bile and pancreatic juice. However, higher cell numbers were recorded in the caecum and anterior colon, which suggested that strain 423 recovered from these stress factors. Plantaricin 423 was detected for up to 28 hours in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and middle colon. Lower cell numbers (one log unit) of L. salivarius 241 were recorded in the gastro-intestinal model over seven days, compared to strain 423. Piglets of one, 14 and 28-days-old were dosed with L. plan/arum 423 and L. salivarius 241, separately and in combination (1: 1). In a separate experiment, 14-day-old piglets were challenged twice with E. faecalis FAIRE 92, followed by dosage with strains 423 and 241. New-borne piglets dosed with L. plantarum 423 gained more weight (4 kg over 19 days) compared to piglets dosed with L. salivarius 241 (2.2 kg over 19 days), or a combination of the two strains (2 kg over 19 days). Piglets of 14 and 28-days-old, on the other hand, gained more weight when dosed with a combination of strains 423 and 241. The cell numbers of E. faecalis FAIR E 92 and other enterococci decreased drastically (two log units) when the piglets were dosed with the latter two strains. Overall, piglets of various ages reacted differently when administered L. plantarum 423 and L. salivarius 241, separately or in combination. Fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) was used to study the in vivo adhesion of L. plantarum and L. salivarius to mucus in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. The highest number of L. plantarum cells was recorded in the ileum, whereas L. salivarius favoured adhesion to the duodenum. A decrease in cell numbers of E. faecalis in the ileum mucus was recorded when a combination of the probiotic strains 423 and 241 was administered. This study provided a reliable estimation of the presence and/or adhesion of L. plantarum and L. salivarius to various parts of the porcine gastro-intestinal tract, without the use of expensive cultivation techniques. Insight was gained into the co-evolution existing between probiotic bacteria and the porcine gastro-intestinal tract, emphasizing the use of gastro-intestinal models to study the dynamics of the gastro-intestinal tract.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf die gebruik van 'n gastro-intestinale model, om melksuurbakterieë wat geïsoleer is uit die spysverteringskanaal (SVK) van reeds gespeende varkies (gevoed op ses verskillende diëte) vir probiotiese eienskappe te toets. Ingewandsbakterieë is uit die maag, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, ileum en kolon geïsoleer. Die hoogste aantal selle (6 x 107 kve/g) is geïsoleer uit die ileum. Geen betekenisvolle verskille in lewensvatbare seltellings, vir varkies gevoed op ses verskillende voere is aangeteken nie. Isolate met die beste algehele probiotiese eienskappe is as Lactobacillus salivarius en Lactobacillus fermentum geïdentifiseer. Vir verdere studie is twee isolate Lactobacillus plantarum (oorspronklik uit sorghum-bier geïsoleer) en Lactobacillus salivarius (uit die varkdermkanaal geïsoleer) geselekteer. Enterococcus faecalis FAIRE 92, oorspronklik uit die varkdermkanaal geïsoleer, is in hierdie studie as 'n nie-patogeniese indikator gebruik. L. plantarum 423 produseer 'n bakteriosien plantarisien 423 wat aktief is teen E. faecalis FAIR E92. L. plantarum 423 en L. sa/ivarius 241 is ingesluit in die gastro-intestinale model, en vashegting van die bakterieë aan die mukus van vark-ileum is met fluoresensie-in-si/uhibridisasie (FISH) bestudeer. 'n Afname in lewende selgetalle van L. plan/arum 423 in die duodenum, jejunum en ileum is aangetoon in reaksie tot die byvoeging van gal en pankreatiese sappe. Hoër selgetalle is nietemin aangeteken in die caecum en voorste gedeelte van die kolon, wat 'n aanduiding gee dat isolaat 423, ten spyte van hierdie stres-faktore, oorleef. Plantaricin 423 is vir 'n tydperk (28 uur) in die duodenum, jejunum, ileum en sentrale kolon gevind. Laer selgetalle (een logaritmiese eenheid) van L. salivarius 241 is in die gastro-intestinale modeloor 'n tydperk van sewe dae aangetoon, in vergelyking met isolaat 423. Een, 14 en 28 dag oud varkies is met L. plantarum 423 en L. salivarius 241 (afsonderlik en in kombinasie 1:1) twee keer gedaag met E. faecalis FAIR E 92, opgevolg met dosering van 423 en 241. Pasgebore varkies het die hoogste gewigstoename getoon (4 kg oor 19 dae) na dosering met L. plantarum 423 in vergelyking met varkies gedoseer met L. salivarius 241 (2.2 kg oor 19 dae) of 'n kombinasie van die twee isolate (2 kg oor 19 dae). Daarenteen het veertien- en 28 dag oud varkies beter gewigstoename getoon na dosering met 'n kombinasie van isolate 423 en 241. Die selgetalle van E. faecalis FAIRE 92 en ander enterococci het drasties afgeneem (twee logaritmiese eenhede) nadat die varkies met laasgenoemde twee isolate gedoseer is. Varkies van onderskeie ouderdom het verskillend gereageer na dosering met L. plantarum 423 en L. salivarius 241 afsonderlik of in kombinasie. Fluoresensie-in-situ-hibridisasie (FISH) is gebruik om die in vivo vashegting van L plantarum en L. salivarius tot die vark mukus in die maag, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum en kolon te bestudeer. Die hoogste telling van L. plantarum selle is aangeteken in die ileum, terwyl L. salivarius aanhegting tot die duodenum verkies het. 'n Afname in seltellings van E. faecalis in die ileum mukus was aangeteken na toediening met 'n kombinasie van probiotiese isolate 423 en 241. Hierdie studie het 'n betroubare bepaling van die voorkoms en/ofvashegting van L. plantarum en L. sa/ivarius isolate in verskeie gedeeltes van die varkspysverteringskanaal voorsien, sonder die hulp van duur kwekings tegnieke. Probiotiese bakterieë is in 'n gastro-intestinale model, wat die natuurlike omgewing verteenwoordig, bestudeer. Insig oor die ko-evolusie tussen probiotiese bakterieë en die SVK van die vark is verkry. Die gebruik van 'n gastro-intestinale model om die dinamika van die SVK te bestudeer is met hierdie studie beklemtoon.
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Johnston, Richard A. "Characterization of the airway epithelial bioelectric mechanisms associated with the effects of epithelium-derived relaxing factor in guinea-pig isolated trachea." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1776.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 135 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-135).
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Mackevičiūtė, Vaida. "Alfa1 adrenoreceptorių antagonistų (prazosino ir tamsulozino) farmakologinio poveikio įvertinimas ir palyginimas eksperimiantiniame izoliuotų kraujagyslių modelyje in vitro." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_214820-33554.

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Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti ir palyginti skirtingo selektyvumo alfa1 adrenoreceptorių antagonistų (prazosino ir tamsulozino) farmakologinį poveikį izoliuotoms laboratorinių jūrų kiaulyčių kraujagyslėms eksperimentiniame modelyje in vitro. Tyrimams pasirinkti laboratoriniai gyvūnai – dėl tinkamo kraujagyslių spindžio ne jaunesni nei 8 – 12 savaičių amžiaus linijinių jūrų kiaulyčių patinėliai. Vaistų poveikis buvo vertinamas izoliuotoms kraujagyslėms – jų aortoms ir inkstų arterijoms. Eksperimentas atliktas naudojant organų vonelę PTK23 – 220 Pharmacology Kit (ADInstruments, Jungtinė Karalystė). Duomenys registruoti ,,LabChart“ programine įranga. Prazosino ir tamsulozino poveikiui įvertinti kraujagyslės buvo veikiamos atitinkamai 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM ir 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM koncentracijų tirpalais. Prazosino 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM koncentracijos sukėlė aortos atsipalaidavimą atitinkamai per 0,043±0,030 g, 0,083±0,022 g ir 0,195±0,040 g jėgą, inkstų arterijos – per 0,065±0,013 g, 0,075±0,024 g ir 0,173±0,026 g jėgą. Tamsulozino 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM koncentracijos sukėlė aortos atsipalaidavimą atitinkamai per 0,015±0,012 g, 0,080±0,018 g, 0,133±0,039 g jėgą, inkstų arterijos – per 0,025±0,020 g, 0,078±0,035 g ir 0,123±0,037 g jėgą. Vertinant aortos dilataciją, gauti statistiškai patikimi skirtumai tarp visų prazosino (10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM) koncentracijų. Inkstų arterijos atsipalaidavimo vertinime nenustatytas statistiškai patikimas skirtumas tarp 10 nM ir 100... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The main aim of the research was to evaluate and compare the pharmacological influence of α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists (prazosin and tamsulosin) of different selectivity over the isolated laboratorial guinea pig blood vessels in experimental model in vitro. The male linear guinea pigs, not younger than 8-12 weeks, were selected as the object of the investigation because of their relevant blood vessel size. The influence of medicine over isolated blood vessels, aortas and kidney arteries, was evaluated. The experiment was carried out by using the utensil for organs PTK23- 220 Pharmacology Kit (AD instruments, United Kingdom). The data is registered with the software “LabChart”. The blood vessels were processed with the concentrated solutions 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM, and 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, accordingly, to evaluate the influence of prazosin and tamsulosin. The concentrations of prazosin 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM caused the ease of aorta, accordingly, in 0,043±0,030g, 0,083±0,022g, and 0,195±0,040g power, the ease of kidney artery - in 0,065±0,013g, 0,075±0,024g, and 0,173±0,026g power. The concentrations of tamsulosin 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM caused the ease of aorta, accordingly, in 0,015±0,012g, 0,080±0,018g, 0,133±0,039 power, the ease of kidney artery – in 0,025±0,020g, 0,078±0,035g, and 0,123±0,037g power. Aming to estimate the dilation of aorta, statistically reliable differences among all concentrations of prazosin (10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM) were acquired. In the estimation of... [to full text]
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Carraro, Nicola. "Auxin transport and organs formation in Arabidopsis and maize." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112024.

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L'auxine est impliquée dans la mise en place de la phyllotaxie chez les angiospermes. Chez l'arabette, cette hormone est transportée de façon polarisée dans la racine et dans la tige. Elle est accumulée dans les groupes de cellules qui évolueront en primordia latéraux. Son transport est organisé par des transporteurs putatifs à efflux de l'auxine. L'un d'eux, PIN1, est exprimé au niveau du méristème apical caulinaire (MAC). Son patron d'expression nous a permis de créer un modèle pour le fonctionnement de la phyllotaxie chez l'arabette. Ce modèle inclut les données d'expression de gènes marqueurs des primordia (LFY, ANT), de l'identité meristématique (STM) et des bordures entre le MAC et les primordia (CUC1), en réponse aux flux d'auxine créés par la polarisation de PIN1. Dans le maïs nous avons cloné deux orthologues de PIN1: ZmPIN1a et ZmPIN1b. Leur expression a été etudiée par hybridation in situ et immunolocalisation. La protéine est localisée de façon polarisée dans les tissus végétatifs et dans les structures reproductives. Cette polarisation change selon le stade de développement et les organes considerés. Dans les inflorescences mâle et femelle les flux d'auxine pourraient déterminer la mise en place des ramifications de différents ordres ainsi que l'identité des méristèmes. L'ensemble de ces données montre donc que l'expression de PIN1 dans les inflorescences est différente chez le maïs et chez l'arabette
Auxin is involved in phyllotaxy establishment in angiosperms. In Arabidopsis, this hormone is polarly transported in the root and n the shoot. It is accumulated into groups of cells that will form lateral primordia. Its transport is set by putative auxin efflux carriers. One of these, PIN1, is expressed in the Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM). Its expression pattern allowed to create a model for phyllotaxy establishment in Arabidopsis. This model includes the expression data of primordia marker genes (LFY, ANT), meristematic identity (STM) and genes expressed at the borders between the SAM and the primordia (CUC1), in response to auxin fluxes created by the PIN1 polarization. We have identified two orthologous genes for PIN1 in maize : ZmPIN1a and ZmPIN1b. Their expression has been studied by in situ hydridization and immunolocalization. The protein is localized in a polar pattern in both vegetative and reproductive structures. This polar pattern changes according to the developmental stage and organs considered. In male and female inflorescences the auxin fluxes could determine the formation of the different orders of branching and also the meristematic identity of cells. Globally these data suggest that the expression of PIN1 in inflorescences is different in maize than in Arabidopsis
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Nunes, Sandro Filipe Fernandes. "Influenza A infection dynamics in an Ex vivo organ culture of pig trachea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609311.

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Yoo, Doo-Sung. "Organ-machine Hybrids (Artificial Animals)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281418915.

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Steyger, Peter Stephen. "Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of cytoskeletal features in the guinea pig organ of Corti." Thesis, Keele University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306846.

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Tran, Thi Thu Hong. "Dietary modulation to improve pig health and performance /." Uppsala : Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200891.pdf.

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Carroll, Siobhan Marie. "The effect of feeding organic acids on gut structure in the newly weaned pig." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555884.

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This thesis investigates the effect of feeding organic acids on performance and gut structure in the newly weaned pig. Pig performance and gut structure of pigs fed diets supplemented with a combination of 12g/kg (6.,50g/kg formic, 2.55g/kg propionic) acid and 500 FTU/kg phytase post-weaning was comparable with that of pigs fed diets medicated with 2.1 g/kg Zinc Oxide (ZnO). Formic/propionic acid blend and phytase were used in combination without any interactions and phytase can be used to replace dicalcium phosphate in weaner piglet diets. Litter of origin has a significant effect on small intestine structure and should be considered when investigating the effect of dietary treatment on gut development in the newly weaned pig. Supplementing diets with 1.5g/kg butyrate in its sodium salt form, but not in its esterified form, stimulated gut development; as indicated by longer villi in the proximal small intestine on day 13 post-weaning. Both sodium butyrate and esterified butyrate improved growth rates and FCR and were successfully used in combination with ZnO. Supplementing post-weaning diets with 3.1 g/kg ZnO was the most effective in stimulating feed intake, maintaining performance, enhancing gut development and reducing the incidence of scour in the newly weaned pig. Both indoor and outdoor reared pigs benefitted from ZnO supplementation in the first two weeks post-weaning. Outdoor reared pigs adapted better to the abrupt process of weaning, had a more developed distal small intestine post-weaning and outperformed their indoor reared counterparts due to their ability to maintain sufficient feed intakes. Feeding indoor reared pigs diets supplemented with esterified butyrate and/or ZnO post-weaning produced FCRssimilar to those of the outdoor reared pig, The positive effects on gut development and performance associated with ZnO highlights the value of medicating diets with pharmacological levels of ZnO in the critical period immediately following weaning.
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Books on the topic "Pig organs"

1

Blackman, Malorie. Pig-heart boy. [Bath]: Galaxy, 2007.

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Blackman, Malorie. Pig heart boy. London: Corgi Childrens, 2012.

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Sell yourself to science: The complete guide to selling your organs, body fluids, bodily functions and being a human guinea pig. Port Townsend, Wash: Loompanics Unlimited, 1992.

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Meeting on Respiratory Disease in Intensive Pig and Poultry Houses (1986 Aberdeen). Environmental aspects of respiratory disease in intensive pig and poultry houses, including the implications for human health: Proceedings of a meeting organised by J.M. Bruce and held at Aberdeen on 29 and 30 October 1986. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1987.

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Lécot, Jean-Paul. Le grand-orgue de la Basilique Saint-Pie X à Lourdes. Lourdes: Éd. Oeuvre de la Grotte, 1998.

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Shujun, Li, ed. Di wu ping xue guan. Taibei Shi: Shang zhou chu ban, 2009.

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Shi pin yi yao you ji hua gong chan pin fen xi ce shi da quan. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo she hui chu ban she, 2000.

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Royal Veterinary College/Pfizer Ltd Symposium on Respiratory Disease in Cattle and Pigs (1991 Hawkshead). Proceedings of the RoyalVeterinary College/Pfizer Ltd Symposium on Respiratory Disease in Cattle and Pigs, held at the Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, 2nd July, 1991. Sandwich, Kent: Pfizer Ltd, 1991.

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Zhongguo you ji chan pin ren zheng: You ji jia gong ren zheng zhi nan. Beijing: Huan jing ke xue chu ban she, 2009.

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Zhongguo you ji nong chan pin shi chang fa zhan yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye chu ban she, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pig organs"

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Jelinek, J., and A. Jensen. "Distribution of Catecholamines in Central and Peripheral Organs of the Fetal Guinea Pig During Normoxaemia, Hypoxaemia, and Asphyxia." In The Endocrine Control of the Fetus, 157–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72975-1_14.

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Cozzi, E., N. Yannoutsos, G. A. Langford, G. Pino-Chavez, J. Wallwork, and D. J. G. White. "Effect of Transgenic Expression of Human Decay—Accelerating Factor on the Inhibition of Hyperacute Rejection of Pig Organs." In Xenotransplantation, 665–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_49.

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Cooper, D. K. C., Y. Ye, L. L. Rolf, and N. Zuhdi. "The Pig as Potential Organ Donor for Man." In Xenotransplantation, 481–500. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97323-9_30.

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Carrington, C. A., E. C. Cozzi, G. A. Langford, A. C. Richards, A. Rosengard, N. Yannoutsos, and D. G. White. "Transgenic pigs and xenotransplantation." In Organ Shortage: The Solutions, 309–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0201-8_40.

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Surai, P. F., I. I. Kochish, and V. I. Fisinin. "Chapter 3: Selenium in feed: organic selenium concept development." In Selenium in pig nutrition and health, 61–110. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-912-1_3.

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Wilson, J. Dennis, Charmaine J. Simeonovic, and Rhodri Ceredig. "Antibody-induced rejection of established pig proislet xenografts in CD4+ T cell depleted diabetic mice." In Organ Transplantation 1990, 469–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3386-9_63.

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Frohns, A., and F. Frohns. "Safety of Water-Filtered Infrared A (wIRA) on the Eye as a Novel Treatment Option for Chlamydial Infections." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 259–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_22.

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AbstractwIRA has been shown to reduce chlamydial infections in vitro and in vivo and might therefore offer an innovative therapeutic approach for fighting trachoma. However, since the eye is a highly temperature- and radiation-sensitive organ, a safety assessment of the ocular structures affected by wIRA treatment is required to establish wIRA as a potentially successful treatment option for clinical application. A prerequisite for this is to demonstrate that wIRA does not have adverse side-effects such as inducing a non-physiological temperature increase which causes cell stress and damage to ocular tissues and which, in turn, is ultimately associated with impaired vision. Likewise, the potential negative impact of non-thermal photochemical effects of wIRA irradiation needs to be investigated. Data from our ex vivo studies in pig and mouse models, as well as in vivo data in a guinea pig model, provide good evidence for the safe use of wIRA to treat chlamydial infections. These studies have excluded a non-physiological temperature rise as well as the activation of heat and stress-induced proteins after wIRA irradiation with therapy-relevant irradiances. Nevertheless, additional detailed in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to further advance the clinical use of wIRA.
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Dick, Deborah P., Marlon H. Arenhardt, and Celso Aita. "Humification of Pig Slurry in Presence of Sawdust." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 245–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_44.

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Veeken, A., V. de Wilde, G. Szanto, and B. Hamelers. "Passively Aerated Composting of Straw-Rich Organic Pig Manure." In Microbiology of Composting, 607–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08724-4_51.

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Meng, Jun, Xingmei Liu, Jiachun Shi, Jianjun Wu, and Jianming M. Xu. "Effect of Composting Process of Pig Manure on Phytotoxicity." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 715–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_130.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pig organs"

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Amaral, Telmo, Ilias Kyriazakis, Stephen J. McKenna, and Thomas Plotz. "Segmentation of organs in pig offal using auto-context." In 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2016). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2016.7493511.

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Stepan, Lenka, Daniel Levi, and Gregory Carman. "A Thin Film Nitinol Heart Valve." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60850.

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In order to create a less thrombogenic heart valve with improved longevity, a prosthetic heart valve was developed using thin film nitinol (NiTi). A “butterfly” thin film NiTi valve was constructed using a single, elliptical piece of thin film NiTi and a scaffold made from Teflon tubing and NiTi wire. Flow tests and pressure readings across the valve were performed in vitro in a pulsatile flow loop. Biocorrosion experiments were conducted on untreated and passivated thin film nitinol. To determine the material’s in vivo biocompatibility, thin film nitinol was implanted in a pig using a stent covered with thin film NiTi. Flow rates and pressure tracings across the valve were comparable to those through a commercially available 19 mm Perimount Edwards tissue valve. No signs of corrosion were present on samples of thin film nitinol after immersion in Hank’s solution for 1 month. Finally, organs and tissue samples explanted from the pig 17 days after thin film NiTi implantation appeared without disease, and the thin film nitinol itself was without thrombus formation or endothelialization. Although long term testing will be needed, thin film NiTi may be very well suited for use in artificial heart valves.
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Eberhart, Robert C. "Reflections on Quantitative Gamma Imaging of Cell-Surface Interactions." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53388.

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Molecular and cellular interactions with foreign surfaces can be noninvasively measured by isotope imaging techniques. Long available for probing cell behavior, these techniques are now employed in molecular studies of disease progression, such as Alzheimer’s [1]. This paper reviews results obtained by noninvasive dual label gamma scintigraphy for the transient adhesion of platelets and neutrophils to pump-oxygenators during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this application, characteristic cell-foreign surface adhesion and release patterns are observed during CPB in the pig, as a function of oxygenator design and surface chemistry. Cell distributions in internal organs post-CPB are also affected by these processes. This method can be adapted to other settings where the understanding of protein-cell interactions with native and foreign surfaces is at issue, including fibrinogen-cell interactions, bacterial colonization, etc.
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Piao, Daqing, Mohammad Ramadan, Ion Maloney, and Sanjay Patel. "In vivo diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of hollow structures and solid organs in the abdominal cavity in a pig model using a laparoscopy-adaptable applicator probe for evaluating the potential of intraoperative tissue classification (Conference Presentation)." In Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XVI, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh, Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, and Warren S. Grundfest. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286699.

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Maryina-Chermnykh, O. G., and T. A. Hoang. "THE IMPACT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF GRAIN CROPS." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-31.

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In the conditions of the Republic of Mari El, studies were conducted on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil from 2016-2021 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers (liquid pig manure (ZHS), straw mulch, eco-organics and Bioagro Gum-B) on the yield of winter and spring grain crops.
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Petrović, Milun, Snežana Bogosavljević-Bošković, Vladan Bogdanović, Radojica Đoković, Simeon Rakonjac, and Miloš Petrović. "SISTEM GAJENJA I PROIZVODNJE U ORGANSKOM SVINJARSTVU." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.257p.

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Pigs belong to a rare group of domestic animals that are bred only for one type of product - meat. There is a difference between open and closed rearing systems in organic pig farming. An open rearing system means keeping sows outdoors during whole year, which means in summer when pigs are exposed to high temperatures and in winter when they are exposed to rain, snow and wind. Therefore, it is recommended to make a shelter in the area where the sows are staying, where they will take shelter from unfavorable weather conditions. The closed rearing system largely limits natural movements and movements, and especially activities due to the urge to digging. The most common systems of facilities for housing sows are two-part, three-part and the so-called stolba pen.
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Moerchen, Fabian. "Organic Pie Charts." In 2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2008.64.

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Takacs, Bence, Kristof Takacs, Tivadar Garamvolgyi, and Tamas Haidegger. "Inner Organ Manipulation During Automated Pig Slaughtering—Smart Gripping Approaches." In 2021 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cinti53070.2021.9668519.

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Khiari, Lotfi. "MAXIMUM�RATE�OF�SOLID�PIG�SLURRY�IN�ORGANO-MINERAL�FERTILIZER�FORMULATION." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s16.v4012.

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Auzins, Alberts, Ieva Leimane, and Agnese Krievina. "Modelling of organic pig production economic viability in Latvia." In 21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf058.

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Reports on the topic "Pig organs"

1

Hermann, J. R., and Mark S. Honeyman. Okara: A Possible High Protein Feedstuff For Organic Pig Diets. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-197.

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Koziel, Jacek, Yael Laor, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Robert Armon, Steven Hoff, and Uzi Ravid. Simultaneous Treatment of Odorants and Pathogens Emitted from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) by Advanced Oxidation Technologies. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592646.bard.

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A feasibility study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV/TiO2/O3 photooxidation technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory (US) and semi-pilot (Israel) scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.
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Vardeny, Zeev Valentine. Optical, Electrical and Magnetic Studies of Pi-Conjugated Organic Semiconductor Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1238155.

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Jones, Cassandra, John F. Patience, and Nicholas K. Gabler. Post-weaning Failure to Thrive in Pigs is Associated with Increased Organ Weights and Possible Anemia, but not Changes in Intestinal Function. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-978.

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler, and Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.

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There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.
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Longworth, Terri L., and Kwok Y. Ong. Domestic Preparedness Program: Testing of RAE Systems ppbRAE Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Monitor Photo-Ionization Detector (PID) Against Chemical Warfare Agents Summary Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440436.

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Longworth, Terri L., and Kwok Y. Ong. Domestic Preparedness Program: Testing of RAE Systems ppbRAE Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Monitor Photo-Ionization Detector (PID) Against Chemical Warfare Agents - Summary Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402283.

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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.

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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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10

Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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