Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pig lesions

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Pig lesions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pig lesions"

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Bentzel, David, Lucy Betterton, and Erica Eggers Carroll. "Cutaneous lesions in a pig." Lab Animal 38, no. 10 (October 2009): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban1009-319.

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San Mateo, Lani R., Kristen L. Toffer, Paul E. Orndorff, and Thomas H. Kawula. "Immune Cells Are Required for Cutaneous Ulceration in a Swine Model of Chancroid." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 4963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.9.4963-4967.1999.

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ABSTRACT Cutaneous lesions of the human sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid are characterized by the presence of intraepidermal pustules, keratinocyte cytopathology, and epidermal and dermal erosion. These lesions are replete with neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells and contain very low numbers of cells ofHaemophilus ducreyi, the bacterial agent of chancroid. We examined lesion formation by H. ducreyi in a pig model by using cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immune cell deficiency to distinguish between host and bacterial contributions to chancroid ulcer formation. Histologic presentation of H. ducreyi-induced lesions in CPA-treated pigs differed from ulcers that developed in immune-competent animals in that pustules did not form and surface epithelia remained intact. However, these lesions had significant suprabasal keratinocyte cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the host immune response was required for chancroid ulceration, while bacterial products were at least partially responsible for the keratinocyte cytopathology associated with chancroid lesions in the pig. The low numbers of H. ducreyi present in lesions in humans and immune-competent pigs have prevented localization of these organisms within skin. However, H. ducreyi organisms were readily visualized in lesion biopsies from infected CPA-treated pigs by immunoelectron microscopy. These bacteria were extracellular and associated with necrotic host cells in the epidermis and dermis. The relative abundance of H. ducreyi in inoculated CPA-treated pig skin suggests control of bacterial replication by host immune cells during natural human infection.
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Pesenti Rossi, Gaia, Emanuela Dalla Costa, Joel Fernando Soares Filipe, Silvia Michela Mazzola, Ambra Motta, Marzia Borciani, Alessandro Gastaldo, et al. "Does Immunocastration Affect Behaviour and Body Lesions in Heavy Pigs?" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080410.

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Immunocastration has been pointed out as an alternative to surgical castration; though, most of the scientific studies were performed in light pig production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immunocastration on animal welfare in heavy pig production through the evaluation of behaviour and body lesions. A total of 188 commercial-hybrid pigs were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: surgical castration (SC) and immunocastration with Improvac® (IC). Data on behaviour, body lesions, and salivary testosterone levels were collected the day before each vaccination at 15, 22, 32, and 36 weeks of age. IC and SC pigs were slaughtered at 40 and 41 weeks of age, respectively; productive and carcass traits data were also collected. Considering productive performance, our results confirmed that IC pigs grew faster and presented a higher weight at slaughter. A critical period for pig welfare was observed before 32 weeks: testosterone concentration and body lesion score were significantly higher in IC pigs compared to SC pigs; active behaviours were significantly more frequent in IC at 15 weeks. Immunocastration may represent a suitable alternative to surgical castration with profitable productive performances, whereas the impairment of welfare during the period before the effective vaccination should be further investigated as a potential critical aspect in heavy pig production.
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Oertel, Joachim, Joachim Kurt Krauss, and Michael Robert Gaab. "Ultrasonic aspiration in neuroendoscopy: first results with a new tool." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 5 (November 2008): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0908.

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Neuroendoscopic techniques are often considered inapplicable to lesion resection because most lesions are too large for effective endoscopic resection in an appropriate time frame. To evaluate the potential of ultrasonic aspiration in neuroendoscopic procedures, the authors developed a new handpiece for endoscopic application. The instrument was subsequently tested in 10 cadaveric pig brains and applied in 5 clinical cases. In the pig brain, a precise and accurate aspiration of ventricular ependyma and brain parenchyma was obtained. Clinically, the device was applied in 3 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, and via an endonasal transsphenoidal approach in 2 patients with pituitary macroadenomas. In all cases, the lesion was effectively aspirated without complications. Ultrasonic aspiration can be applied safely and successfully in selected endoscopic procedures. The use of this technique could expand the indications for endoscopic approaches to include intraventricular lesions and in minimally invasive transsphenoidal endonasal approaches.
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Peden, Rachel S. E., Irene Camerlink, Laura A. Boyle, Faical Akaichi, and Simon P. Turner. "Farmer Perceptions of Pig Aggression Compared to Animal-Based Measures of Fight Outcome." Animals 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9010022.

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Several animal welfare issues persist in practice despite extensive research which has been linked to the unwillingness of stakeholders to make changes. For example, most farmers do not perceive pig aggression to be a problem that requires action despite the fact that stress and injuries are common, and that several solutions exist. Frequent exposure to animal suffering could affect farmer responses to distressed animals. This study investigated for the first time whether this occurs, using pig aggression as a focus. Using video clips, 90 pig farmers judged the severity of aggression, level of pig exhaustion and the strength of their own emotional response. Their judgments were compared to objective measures of severity (pigs’ skin lesions and blood lactate), and against control groups with similar pig experience (10 pig veterinarians) and without experience (26 agricultural students; 24 animal science students). Famers did not show desensitization to aggression. However, all groups underestimated the outcome of aggression when they did not see the fight occurring as compared to witnessing a fight in progress. We suggest that farmers be provided with evidence of the economic and welfare impact of aggression as indicated by lesions and that they be advised to score lesions on affected animals.
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Lenaerts, Anne J., Donald Hoff, Sahar Aly, Stefan Ehlers, Koen Andries, Luis Cantarero, Ian M. Orme, and Randall J. Basaraba. "Location of Persisting Mycobacteria in a Guinea Pig Model of Tuberculosis Revealed by R207910." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 9 (May 21, 2007): 3338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00276-07.

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ABSTRACT The lengthy chemotherapy of tuberculosis reflects the ability of a small subpopulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria to persist in infected individuals. To date, the exact location of these persisting bacteria is not known. Lung lesions in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis have striking similarities, such as necrosis, mineralization, and hypoxia, to natural infections in humans. Guinea pigs develop necrotic primary lesions after aerosol infection that differ in their morphology compared to secondary lesions resulting from hematogenous dissemination. In infected guinea pigs conventional therapy for tuberculosis during 6 weeks reduced the bacterial load by 1.7 logs in the lungs and, although this completely reversed lung inflammation associated with secondary lesions, the primary granulomas remained largely unaffected. Treatment of animals with the experimental drug R207910 (TMC207) for 6 weeks was highly effective with almost complete eradication of the bacteria throughout both the primary and the secondary lesions. Most importantly, the few remnants of acid-fast bacilli remaining after R207910 treatment were to be found extracellular, in a microenvironment of residual primary lesion necrosis with incomplete dystrophic calcification. This zone of the primary granuloma is hypoxic and is morphologically similar to what has been described for human lung lesions. These results show that this acellular rim may, therefore, be a primary location of persisting bacilli withstanding drug treatment.
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Hansen, Paul D., Stan Rogers, Christopher L. Corless, Lee L. Swanstrom, and Allan E. Siperstien. "Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions in a Pig Liver Model." Journal of Surgical Research 87, no. 1 (November 1999): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1999.5709.

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Suh, Jeongmin, Taehwan Oh, Keehwan Park, Siyeon Yang, Hyejean Cho, and Chanhee Chae. "A Comparison of Virulence of Three Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Genotypes (a, b, and d) in Pigs Singularly Inoculated with PCV2 and Dually Inoculated with PCV2 and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070891.

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The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes in dually inoculated pigs with both three genotypes (a, b, and d) of PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 (PRRSV-2) versus pigs singularly inoculated with the same three PCV2 genotypes (a, b, and d). Differences in this comparison were found in PCV2 viremia levels, lung and lymphoid lesion severity, and the amount of PCV2 antigen within the lymphoid lesions. Regardless of PCV2 genotypes, pigs that were dually inoculated with PCV2/PRRSV had significantly higher clinical scores, less average daily weight gain, higher levels of PCV2 viremia, and more severe lug and lymphoid lesions compared to pigs singularly inoculated with PCV2. Among the dually infected pig groups, pigs infected with PCV2d/PRRSV-2 had significantly higher levels of PCV2 viremia, more severe lung and lymphoid lesions, and more PCV2-positive cells within lymphoid lesions compared to pigs dually inoculated with PCV2a/PRRSV-2 and PCV2b/PRRSV-2. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences in the virulence among dual inoculation of PCV2a/PRRSV-2, PCV2b/PRRSV-2, and PCV2d/PRRSV-2. A significant difference in the virulence among PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d single-inoculated pig groups was not found with respect to the levels of PCV2 viremia and production of PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions.
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Turner, G. V., M. G. Collett, C. M. Veary, and Charlotte Kruger. "Arthritis in slaughter pigs." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 62, no. 3 (September 30, 1991): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v62i3.1767.

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Joints obtained from 192 pig carcases were examined by means of standard microbiological and macro- and histopathological procedures. Approximately 32% of the joints were considered normal; 35,5% showed lesions consistent with osteochondrosis and a non-specific synovitis was present 'in 24,4%. Only 6,1% of taints were arthritic and yielded either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp. The remainder (2,30/0) had periarticular lesions such as abscesses. The study emphasises that an accurate diagnosis and correct evaluation of pig carcases showing joint lesions, is absolutely essential if a high standard of meat inspection is to be obtained and unnecessary economic losses are to be avoided.
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Horst, Ariane, Marvin Gertz, Mario Hasler, and Joachim Krieter. "Pig Organ Lesions Recorded in Different Abattoirs: A Statistical Approach to Assess the Comparability of Prevalence." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080319.

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Documented lesions of slaughtered pigs provide a high-density data-pool that could be valuable for the purpose of animal health monitoring and breeding. However, data quality and structure hamper the application of statistical methods. The present study provides an approach that enables statistical analysis and evaluates the comparability of lesion prevalence among abattoirs. The German Quality and Safety database provided data of recorded lung, pleura, liver, and heart lesions. Filter criteria were used to improve the data structure. Data of n = 8,004,769 animals, recorded in nine abattoirs over a period of 18 months, were analyzed. Lesion prevalences were successfully modeled by applying a generalized linear mixed model. To examine prevalence differences, the coefficient of variation (CV) on a six-monthly basis was calculated, and a grand mean test (GMT) of significance was applied. High variations in estimated prevalence occurred on abattoir, six-monthly and organ basis. The highest variation occurred in the lung (CV = 64.7%), whereas liver lesions showed the lowest variation (CV = 21.8%). The GMT enabled the visualization of these variations between abattoirs, organs and over time. Concerning the assessment of the comparability of prevalences, it provides a promising tool to monitor changes in lesion examination and to address divergent abattoirs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pig lesions"

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Vitali, Marika <1987&gt. "Studies on Ante- and Post- Mortem Lesions as Animal-Based Criteria to Improve Pig Welfare and Meat Quality in Swine." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8187/1/Vitali_Marika_Tesi.pdf.

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The study of lesions as animal-based criteria on pigs is of increasing interest at both research and industry level. Lesions are important outcome measures, able to detect when animal welfare is suboptimal. The presence of lesions is also correlated to a lower quality, and thus to a loss of profits, in the derived products. This manuscript is composed by two studies investigating the use of lesions as suitable indicators of welfare level and meat quality at both farm and slaughter level. The first study, performed in Italy, studied the effect of different environmental enrichment devices provided to Italian heavy pigs (intended for the production of Parma Ham PDO) on the occurrence of skin, tail and anatomopathological (e.g. oesophageal gastric lesion) lesions, on carcass traits, meat quality and long-dried products. The tested devices were: hanging chains, wood-log inside a metal racket, edible block inside a metal racket. Results showed an increased tail score in the wooden enrichment, united to a higher F-o-M and a lower backfat thickness in the carcass, and to a lower water holding capacity of the meat. The edible block has not presented changes in skin and tail score, while an increased number of oesophageal lesion score was observed, which did not affect carcass and derived products. The second study was conducted in Canada. It aimed at assessing the age of the lesion on pig carcass at slaughter through the use of a spectrophotometer and biological indicators (i.e. gene expression, histochemistry, histology) on skin samples analyzed in the laboratory. Results demonstrated that spectrophotometric color assessment is a suitable method which allows to discriminate between fresh lesions (occurred pre-slaughter) and older lesions (on-farm). The results were also comparable with what was obtained from the expression of some tested genes and from inflammation scores assessed through histology.
Lo studio delle lesioni nel suino è di crescente interesse nel panorama scientifico e industriale in quanto la presenza di lesioni è un importante indicatore per evidenziare uno scarso livello di benessere animale che si può tradurre in un deterioramento e in una perdita di valore dei prodotti derivati. L’elaborato si compone di studi che utilizzano le lesioni come indicatori di problematiche presenti all’interno della filiera suinicola. Il primo studio, svoltosi in Italia, considera come diversi tipi di arricchimenti ambientali impiegati nel suino pesante italiano (destinato alla produzione di Prosciutto di Parma DOP) influenzino l’insorgenza di lesioni cutanee, della coda e anatomopatologiche (con particolare riferimento alle lesioni della pars oesophagea), nonché gli effetti sulla qualità delle carcasse, della carne ottenuta e del prosciutto stagionato. Gli arricchimenti testati erano: catena, tondelli di legno inseriti in una rastrelliera, substrato edibile inserito in una rastrelliera. I risultati hanno dimostrato che l’arricchimento legnoso ha provocato un incremento di lesioni della coda e un tenore di carne magra superiore e di spessore del lardo dorsale inferiore nella carcassa, nonché una minore capacità di ritenzione idrica nella carne. Il substrato edibile non ha prodotto effetti indesiderati sulle lesioni cutanee e della coda mentre è stato riscontrato un incremento di lesioni dello stomaco, che non ha influenzato la qualità della carcassa e dei prodotti ottenuti. Il secondo studio, svoltosi in Canada, si è occupato di determinare l’età delle lesioni cutanee presenti sulla carcassa suina attraverso l’utilizzo di uno spettrofotometro in sede di macellazione e di indicatori biologici (espressione genica, istochimica, istologia) sui campioni prelevati e analizzati in laboratorio. I risultati hanno dimostrato che è possibile, attraverso l’utilizzo dello spettrofotometro, differenziare tra lesioni recenti (pre-macellazione) o lesioni più vecchie in allevamento. I risultati sono stati confermati da quanto ottenuto dall’espressione di alcuni geni testati e dalla risposta infiammatoria.
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Gentz, Maria [Verfasser]. "Pig tail biting in different farrowing and rearing systems with a focus on tail lesions, tail losses and activity monitoring / Maria Gentz." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214440193/34.

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Faure, Alice. "Les gaz nobles : une technique innovante de conservation des transplants rénaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5059.

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Introduction : Partant du constat qu'il est possible de conserver plus longtemps les denrées alimentaires grâce à un conditionnement sous atmosphère modifiée enrichie en gaz nobles, nous avons développé une stratégie innovante de conservation de transplants rénaux. Nous avons évalué l'effet protecteur d'une solution de conservation saturée en gaz nobles pour la préservation des transplants rénaux.Matériels et méthodes : Dans un modèle d'autotransplantation rénale hétérotopique chez le porc, les transplants prélevés ont été rincés et mis en conservation 30h à 4°C dans du Celsior présaturée en gaz (air, azote, argon 100% ou xénon 100%, n=6 dans chaque groupe) avant transplantation. Les porcs ont été surveillés quotidiennement pendant 21 j.Résultats : L'argon a amélioré la survie (83,3% vs 33,3% avec l'Air, p=0,04) et la reprise de fonction du transplant. Une sortie de tubulopathie significativement plus précoce des transplants a été observé avec l'Argon. Tous les porcs xénon et azote sont décédés. A J21 les transplants argon avaient une meilleure préservation de leur intégrité structurelle cellulaire avec moins d'inflammation, de fibrose interstitielle et d'atrophie tubulaire. Les rapports RAA/TBARS, et d'Hsp 27, étaient significativement plus élevés avec l'argon. Les taux de TNF alpha, Il 6 et 8 ont montré une diminution de la réponse inflammatoire avec l'argon.Conclusion : Nous avons démontré l'effet bénéfique de l'argon sur la reprise précoce de fonction de transplant et en limitant les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion. Bien que le mécanisme d'action de l'Argon ne soit pas élucidé, il semble que Hsp 27 soit un élément central de la renoprotection
Introduction: Based on prolonged preservation of perishable food products under modified atmosphere, we developed an innovative method to preserve kidneys during transplantation using nobles gases. We evaluated the protective effect of argon and xenon on preserving kidney graft functionality and integrity in a clinically relevant pig model of transplantation. Methods: The left kidneys of pigs (n=6 per group) were removed, flushed and stored for 30 h in Celsior solution saturated with air, nitrogen, 100% argon, or 100% xenon. Next, autotransplantation and controlateral nephrectomy were performed. The survival rate, renal function, Hsp27, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), reduced ascorbic acid (RAA), and TNF alpha were analyzed. A histological examination was completed.Results: Argon improved survival (83.3% for argon vs 33.3% for air, p=0.04) and transplant function recovery. All pigs in the nitrogen and the xenon group died. Diuresis recovery occurred earlier in the argon group (n= 5) when compared with the air group (n=2), p=0.05. On day 7 argon transplants had lower serum creatinine levels and a large reduction in primary non function than the air group. Argon-treated tissues showed better cell structural integrity with minor signs of inflammation, fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. The argon group showed significantly higher RAA/TBARS ratios and Hsp27 levels.Conclusion: We demonstrated that modified atmosphere preservation packaging with argon in cold-storage solution improved early transplant function recovery and long-term quality by minimizing IRI in a pig model of prolonged cold-ischemia. The renoprotective effect of argon may involve the Hsp27 pathway
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Desire, Suzanne. "Genetic and environmental dissection of short and long-term social aggression in pigs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20383.

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It is common for pigs to engage in physical aggression when mixed into new social groups, in order to establish dominance relationships. Phenotyping aggression is time consuming, however skin lesions resulting from physical aggression are quick to record, are genetically correlated with aggressive behavioural traits, and have low to moderate heritability (0.19 to 0.43). Reducing aggression via selection on skin lesion traits would provide a socially acceptable, long-term solution to the problem. Barriers to implementing selection against skin lesions lie in the lack of understanding regarding the underlying genetic basis of aggression, and its relationship with other behaviour and production traits. This thesis has focused on dissecting the phenotypic and genetic relationship between skin lesions recorded 24 hours after mixing (SL24h), and either 3 or 5 weeks later (SL3wk/SL5wk, respectively), with aggression performed at mixing, and several production traits. Chapter 2 provided evidence of a potential trade-off between involvement in aggression upon first mixing, and receipt of aggressive attacks several weeks after mixing. In particular, animals that avoid aggression at mixing had the highest fresh skin lesion numbers at 3 weeks. This suggests that reciprocal fighting at mixing may be beneficial for long-term group social stability. It also suggests that it may be possible to phenotype the least aggressive individuals in a group using SL3wk. In Chapter 3, I quantified the magnitude of reduction in complex aggressive behavioural traits when using SL24h or SL3wk as selection criteria, to identify the optimum skin lesion trait for selection purposes. The results of Chapter 3 provided evidence that selection against anterior SL24h would result in the greatest genetic and phenotypic reduction in aggressive behaviour recorded at mixing. Although there is evidence that selection for increased SL3wk would reduce aggression at mixing, current understanding of aggressive behaviour under stable group conditions is insufficient to recommend using this trait for selection purposes. Chapter 4, presented genetic associations between skin lesion traits as a measure of short- and long-term aggression, and commonly used commercial performance measures: growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits. The results suggested that, genetically, animals that receive many lesions show improved performance compared to those with few lesions, except for anterior SL24h, which have been shown to be genetically positively correlated with the initiation of nonreciprocal attacks. The aim of Chapter 5, was to determine whether skin lesion traits are phenotypically or genetically associated with behavioural measures of fearfulness. As found in Chapter 4, there was some evidence of an association between SL5wk and the traits, however this was not the case for anterior SL24h. For the 6th and final Chapter, we used skin lesion data from 1,840 pigs to perform genome wide association studies (GWAS), which detected a single SNP significantly associated with SL5wk on a genome wide level, as well as several SNPs associated with both SL24h and SL5wk on a chromosome wide level.
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Mouttotou, Niki. "An epidemiological study of foot and limb lesions in growing pigs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262837.

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Quinn, Amy Jean. "Limb health in pigs : the prevalence and risk factors for lameness, limb lesions and claw lesions in pigs, and the influence of gilt nutrition on indicators of limb health." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66728/.

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This thesis examined the prevalence and risk factors for lameness, limb lesions and claw lesions in pigs, and the influence of gilt nutrition on indicators of limb health through a cross-sectional survey and two cohort studies. A cross-sectional survey of 68 integrated pig farms in Ireland on lameness, limb and claw lesions of 2948 piglets, 3368 weaners, 544 lactating sows, 1289 finishers, 525 replacement gilts, 518 pregnant gilts and 604 pregnant sows was conducted. The prevalence of foot lesions, limb lesions and lameness was determined for each appropriate group and data relating to environmental and management parameters were also collected to identify risk factors. There was a high prevalence of lameness in finishers, gilts and sows. Lameness prevalence is higher in group gestation housing systems than in gestation stalls. Slat void width and the frequency of pen washing increased the risk of lameness in finisher pigs. Floor type, particularly the floor material used influenced both limb and foot lesions. Two cohort studies were conducted to investigate the effect of three dietary regimes for replacement gilts on lameness, areal bone mineral density (aBMD), behaviour, limb, claw and joint lesions and carcass traits. In the first, a diet specifically formulated for developing gilts and fed restrictively from 70kg until 2 weeks before the gilts approximate weight at first service, reduced lameness, joint lesion prevalence and claw unevenness when compared to the two most commonly practiced feeding regimes for developing gilts. In the second, a diet specifically formulated for developing gilts fed ad-libitum from 65 kg reduced lameness and increased aBMD when compared to the two most commonly practiced feeding regimes for developing gilts. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information on lameness, foot and limb lesion prevalence and risk factors as well as providing information on nutritional strategies that could help to address the current high levels of lameness in replacement gilts.
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Kilbride, Amy L. "An epidemiological study of foot, limb and body lesions and lameness in pigs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3022/.

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A cross sectional study of 103 indoor and outdoor British pig farms was carried out in 2003-2004. Over 12,000 pigs aged from 3 days up to multiparious breeding sows were examined. Prevalence of foot, limb and body lesions and lameness was recorded using clear case definitions. Detailed data were also collected on the pen or paddock that the pigs were housed in with particular reference to the floor design, material and condition. Associations between prevalence of disease and the environment the pig was housed in were analysed using multilevel regression models. Post-mortem examination of a small sample of foot and limb lesions was carried out to better understand the pathology. There was a lower prevalence of body and limb lesions in pigs of all ages, and foot lesions in preweaning piglets, housed outdoors compared with indoors. However, there was little difference in the prevalence of foot lesions and lameness in gilts and pregnant sows kept indoors compared with outdoors. In most pigs housed indoors, there was a trend for an increased risk of limb and body lesions and lameness in pigs housed on hard and slatted floors compared with solid concrete floors with bedding. Although, in contrast to this the prevalence of wounds on the limbs in piglets was lower on slatted floors compared with solid concrete floors. The associations between foot lesions and indoor floor type varied with the age of the pig and the type of lesion. In piglets, sole bruising was associated with housing on slatted floors while sole erosion was associated with housing on solid concrete floors without bedding. In gilts and sows, heel flaps were associated with housing on slatted floors while toe erosion was associated with solid floors with deep bedding. In conclusion, this study has provided the most accurate estimates of the prevalence of foot, limb, body lesions and lameness in the English pig herd to date and generated useful hypotheses regarding the aetiology of these lesions. To further understand this topic cohort and intervention studies are now needed.
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Chianini, Francesca. "Immunohistochemical characterisation of microscopic lesions in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome naturally affected conventional pigs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5593.

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Gauger, Phillip C. "Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b infection and lesions in gnotobiotic pigs." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Borgonovo, S. "STUDIO DENSITOMETRICO NELLA VALUTAZIONE DEI PROCESSI RIPARATIVI SU LESIONI OSSEE 'CRITICAL SIZE' IN MODELLI ANIMALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150117.

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Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may represent a novel and efficient tool to promote bone regeneration. Our purpose was to evaluate new-bone tissue formation using BMD (bone mineral densitometry), radiology and histology; in literature there aren’t normal values of bone mineral content in rabbit, goat and pig. Then, The first step of this study (preliminary phase) was to evaluate normal BMD value in rabbit skull and tibia and in pig and goat tibia. The second step (experimental phase), rabbit ASCs were expanded in culture and used for the regeneration of full-thickness bone defects in the proximal epiphysis of tibia of 12 New Zealand rabbits. Defects were implanted with graft material as follows: untreated (control), empty hydroxyapatite (HA) disk, ASCs alone, and HA disk seeded with ASCs. Each isolated ASCs population was tested in vitro: they all showed a high proliferation rate, a marked clonogenic ability, and osteogenic differentiation potential. Eight weeks after implantation, macroscopic analyses of all the samples showed satisfactory filling of the lesions without any significant differences in term of stiffness between groups treated with or without cells (p>0.05). In both the scaffold-treated groups, a good osteointegration was radiographically observed. Even if HA was not completely reabsorbed, ASCs-loaded HA displayed a higher scaffold resorption than the unloaded ones. Histological BMD analyses showed that the osteogenic abilities of the scaffold-treated defects was greater than those of scaffold-free samples, and in particular new formed bone was more mature and more similar to native bone in presence of ASCs. These results demonstrated that autologous ASCs–HA constructs is a potential treatment for the regeneration of bone defects.
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Books on the topic "Pig lesions"

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Maes, Dominiek, Marina Sibila, and Maria Pieters, eds. Mycoplasmas in swine. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249941.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 14 chapters that discuss the genetics, epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma infections in pigs. Chapter 1 discusses the phylogenetics and classification of Mycoplasma species in pigs; Chapter 2 describes the genomic diversity and antigenic variation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains; Chapter 3 discusses the pathogenesis, virulence factor and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 4 discusses the molecular epidemiology, risk factors, transmission and prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Chapter 5 discusses the clinical signs and gross lesions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection; Chapter 6 discusses immune responses against Mycoplasma infections; Chapter 7 describes the interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with other pathogens and their economic impact; Chapter 8 discusses the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection and its associated diseases; Chapter 9 describes the general control measures against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 10 describes the selection and efficacy of antimicrobials against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 11 discusses the development and efficacy of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 12 describes the eradication of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pig herds; Chapter 13 describes the epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in pig herds and Chapter 14 discusses the epidemiology, prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and economic impact of Mycoplasma suis infection in pigs.
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Susan, Fox, and Mickler Robert A, eds. Impact of air pollutants on southern pine forests. New York: Springer, 1996.

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Grijalba Carabali, Paola Andrea, Adriana Pérez Portocarrero, Jhon Fredy Salazar Riascos, and Jorge Humberto Restrepo Zapata. Guía de protocolo del síndrome de pie diabético. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585248403.

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Como refería en su prólogo, era la culminación de un largo trabajo, que tuvo su punto de partida con la elaboración del Documento de Consenso sobre Pie Diabético que el Hospital Isaías Duarte Cancino, aprueba. En su divulgación, este Tratado ha agotado su edición inicial, y como referente útil que pretende ser, precisa de una actualización en determinados conceptos. El interés que los profesionales de la salud, en especial cirujanos vasculares venimos manifestando por la entidad patológica englobada en el concepto de “pie diabético” deriva fundamentalmente de la gravedad de sus manifestaciones clínicas, cuya expresión final, significada por la pérdida parcial o total de la extremidad, acontece en el ámbito de la práctica clínica. Las lesiones que el enfermo diabético puede llegar a desarrollar en sus extremidades inferiores a lo largo del período evolutivo de la enfermedad constituyen, sin ningún tipo de discusión, uno de los problemas asistenciales más graves, tanto desde el punto de vista personal, familiar y socio-sanitario, en el inicio del siglo XXI, en el contexto de una enfermedad como la diabetes mellitus de creciente incidencia y prevalencia. No obstante esta grave situación, las complicaciones que tienen su origen en el pie diabético han acreditado amplias y reales posibilidades de reducirse en aquellos ámbitos hospitalarios en que se han desarrollado y aplicado con rigor las pautas de prevención. Por esta razón, y a criterio de los autores de esta Tesis, únicamente podrá alcanzarse una inflexión en esta grave patología si todos los profesionales de la salud nos implicamos en los protocolos diagnósticos y terapias, pero fundamentalmente en aquellos de prevención primaria y secundaria. Por esta razón, y conscientes de que el abordaje coherente, integral y riguroso del problema del pie diabético sólo puede lograrse desde un enfoque multidisciplinario, esta Tesis reúne el aporte de expertos en ortopedia y medicina interna, medicina familiar microbiología, y cirugía vascular, con la finalidad de que el lector tenga las máximas garantías, con su lectura y consulta, de conseguir una visión unitaria del problema del pie diabético.
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Mignon, B., and M. Monod. Zoonotic infections with dermatophyte fungi. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0077.

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Dermatophytes are highly specialized pathogenic fungi which are the most common agents of superficial mycoses. These fungi grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails or hair utilising them as sole nitrogen and carbon sources. Dermatophyte species are recognized and classified as antropophilic, zoophilic, or geophilic, depending on their major reservoir in nature (humans, animals, and soil, respectively). Zoophilic dermatophytes may result in zoonoses when humans are exposed to these organisms and dermatophytosis is considered to be one of the most common zoonotic diseases. The majority of zoonotic dermatophytoses are caused by four species: Microsporum canis (usually derived from pet animals, particularly cats and dogs), Trichophyton verrucosum (usually derived from cattle), Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (usually derived from cats and dogs) and Arthroderma benhamiae (usually derived from guinea-pigs). Infection results most often from direct contact with an infected animal, but may be also acquired indirectly through contact with a contaminated environment. While clinical disease is rarely serious, the lesions can result in disfigurement and pain. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical appearance and diagnostic procedures, e.g. direct microscopic examination of scales, hair or nail and fungal culture. Specific treatment is generally required to resolve lesions, and this may be prolonged depending on the fungal species and the host status. Identifying animals as the source of infection for people can help in the prevention of recurrence or new infections, especially in children, by adequately treating affected pets and their environments. Immunoprophylaxis is an attractive means of controlling infection in animals, and the development and widespread use of efficacious T. verrucosum vaccines in certain countries has already proved valuable in the management of cattle ringworm.
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Morgan, Marina. Other bacterial diseasesStreptococcosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0023.

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Many pyogenic (β -haemolytic) streptococci of clinical significance have animal connections. In the last edition of this book two species of streptococci were considered of major zoonotic interest, namely Streptococcus suis and S. zooepidemicus. Since then, numerous sporadic zoonoses due to other streptococci have been reported, and a newly recognized fish pathogen with zoonotic potential termed S. iniae has emerged. Changes in nomenclature make the terminology confusing. For example, the organism known as S. zooepidemicus — now termed S. dysgalactiae subsp. zooepidemicus — still causes pharyngitis in humans, complicated rarely by glomerulonephritis after ingestion of unpasteurized milk. Pigs remain the primary hosts of S. suis with human disease mainly affecting those who have contact with pigs or handle pork.Once a sporadic disease, several major epidemics associated with high mortality have been reported in China. The major change in reports of zoonotic streptococcal infections has been the emergence of severe skin and soft tissue infections, and an increasing prevalence of toxic shock, especially due to S. suis (Tang et al. 2006), group C (Keiser 1992) and group G β -haemolytic streptococci (Barnham et al. 2002). Penicillin remains the mainstay of treatment for most infections, although some strains of group C and G streptococci are tolerant (minimum bactericidal concentration difficult or impossible to achieve in vivo) (Portnoy et al. 1981; Rolston and LeFrock 1984) and occasionally strains with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin are reported.Agents preventing exotoxin formation, such as clindamycin and occasionally human intravenous immunoglobulin, may be used in overwhelming infection where circulating exotoxins need to be neutralized in order to damp down the massive release of cytokines generated by their production (Darenberg et al. 2003). Prevention of human disease focuses on maintaining good hygienic practice when dealing with live animals or handling raw meat or fish products, covering skin lesions, thorough cooking of meats and pasteurization of milk.
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Fox, Susan, and Robert A. Mickler. Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pig lesions"

1

Jöckel, J., and E. Zeisberger. "Thermoregulatory Changes After Neurochemical Lesions of Catecholaminergic and Serotonergic Neurons in the Lower Brain Stem of the Guinea Pig." In Thermal Balance in Health and Disease, 73–78. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7429-8_10.

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Rakić, Lj M., B. V. Zloković, Jasmina B. Mačkić, M. N. Lipovac, D. M. Mitrović, R. Veskov, Z. Redžić, M. B. Segal, and Hugh Davson. "Opening of the Blood—Brain Barrier to D-Mannitol Induced by Sensorimotor Cortical Lesions in the Anaesthetized Guinea-pig." In Barriers and Fluids of the Eye and Brain, 184–87. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12306-3_14.

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Rigobello, Luca. "Cytogenesis and Developmental Anatomy of the Pia-Arachnoid and Pacchionian Granules." In Intracranial Cyst Lesions, 19–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7281-7_2.

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Carr, John, Marina Sibila, and Joaquim Segalés. "Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae clinical signs and gross lung lesions, including monitoring." In Mycoplasmas in swine, 97–107. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249941.0097.

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Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J., Fabian Lean, Matthieu Bernard, and Alejandro Núñez. "Necropsy Procedures and Evaluation of Macroscopic Lesions of Pigs Infected with African Swine Fever Virus." In African Swine Fever Virus, 15–49. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2333-6_2.

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D’Aliberti, Giuseppe, Giuseppe Talamonti, Davide Boeris, Francesco M. Crisà, Alessia Fratianni, Roberto Stefini, Edoardo Boccardi, and Marco Cenzato. "Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: The Sinus and Non-Sinus Concept." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 113–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_17.

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AbstractIntroduction: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) account for 10–15% of all intracranial arteriovenous lesions. Different classification strategies have been proposed in the course of the years. None of them seems to guide the treatment strategy. Objective: We expose the experience of the vascular group at Niguarda Hospital and we propose a very practical classification method based on the location of the shunt. We divide dAVF in sinus and non-sinus in order to simplify our daily practice, as this classification method is simply based on the involvement of the sinuses. Material and Methods: 477 intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas have been treated. 376 underwent endovascular treatment and 101 underwent surgical treatment. Cavernous sinus DAVFs and Galen ampulla malformations have been excluded from this series as they represent a different pathology per se. 376 dAVFs treated by endovascular approach: 180 were sinus and 179 were non-sinus. 101 dAVFs treated with surgical approach: 15 were sinus and 86 were non-sinus. Discussion: Of the 477 intracranial dAVF the recorded mortality and severe disability was 3% and morbidity less than 4%. All patients underwent a postoperative DSA with nearly 100% of complete occlusion of the fistula. At a mean follow-up of 5 years in one case there was a non-sinus fistula recurrence, due to the presence of a partial clipping of “piè” of the vein. Conclusions: The sinus and non-sinus concept has guided our institution for years and has led to good clinical results. This paper intends to share this practical classification with the neurosurgical community.
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Miyata, Kenji, Hiroaki Shimokawa, and Akira Takeshita. "Adventitia-derived Macrophages Contribute to the Formation of Coronary Arteriosclerotic Lesions in Pigs in Vivo-Potentiating Effect of Oxidative Stress-." In Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis, 269–71. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68424-4_58.

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Choudhary, Mamta, Binod Kumar Choudhary, and Ratan Chandra Ghosh. "Pathological Changes Associated with Natural Outbreak of Swine Pasteurellosis." In Pests, Weeds and Diseases in Agricultural Crop and Animal Husbandry Production. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94849.

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Swine pasteurellosis is usually observed in descript as well as nondescript pigs imparting in huge economic losses to the pig producers. The disease is characterized by pyrexia, dullness, staggering gait, anorexia, serous nasal discharge and dyspnoea. Case fatality rate may as high as 95% in adult animals and 100% in piglets. Typical lesions of oedematous swellings may remarkably visible in the pharyngeal region, these swellings spread to the ventral cervical region and brisket of pigs. Gross lesions include severe pneumonia and haemorrhages in lungs, petechial haemorrhages on serous membranes and other visceral organs. Lymph nodes usually get enlarged, oedematous and haemorrhagic. The blood smears from heart blood and tissue impression smears reveal teaming numbers of bipolar organisms indicating the presence of Pasteurella spp., the etiological organism. The bacteriological isolation and characterization of causative agent should be ruled out to identify by Gram’ staining for purity and bipolar morphology and biochemical characterization of the organisms. Molecular characterization necessitates to confirm Pasteurella multocida along with capsular types of the organism. Histopathological examination of lungs usually reveals typical fibrinous bronchopneumonia, multifocal suppuration and pleural thickening. Heart of some pigs may show presence of thrombi, haemorrhages and necrosed myocardium.
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Segalés, Joaquim. "Advances in understanding mechanisms of porcine viral disease transmission/epidemiology." In Optimising pig herd health and production, 3–36. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0103.01.

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The stability, productivity, sustainability and profitability of the global swine industry depend upon many factors and conditions, including infectious diseases. These diseases have a significant impact on animal health worldwide, and in some instances upon human health due to their zoonotic impact. This chapter discusses the basic features of swine viruses, including aspects of pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms. In certain instances, clinical signs caused by swine viruses are not specific enough to establish a sound clinical and/or pathological diagnosis, and laboratory investigations are required to ascertain which virus or viruses are causing disease. A summary of the most frequent clinical signs, lesions and diagnostic methods for relevant swine viral infections will be described. The chapter concludes with commonly used measures for the prevention and control of viral pig diseases, emphasizing the importance of vaccination as the cornerstone of swine health programmes.
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Maes, Dominiek, Filip Boyen, and Freddy Haesebrouck. "Understanding and identifying bacterial disease in swine." In Optimising pig herd health and production, 37–66. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0103.02.

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Infections with bacterial pathogens have a significant impact on the health, well-being and performance of pigs worldwide. Infections are responsible for antimicrobial use, and therefore, increase the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Some bacterial pathogens in swine are also important zoonotic agents. The present chapter discusses classical phenotypic characteristics as well as more advanced molecular techniques to identify and classify bacteria. Bacterial pathogens can express a wide range of virulence, and may cause disease by different mechanisms such as tissue invasion and toxin production. Transmission can take place by many different routes. Direct contact occurs for all bacterial pathogens, whereas indirect transmission may vary depending on the pathogen. Clinical signs and lesions caused by the most important swine bacterial pathogens, as well as approaches to establish a diagnosis are summarized. The chapter ends with discussing commonly used measures for prevention and control, including strengths and weaknesses of vaccination.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pig lesions"

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Van Staaveren, N., A. Vale, E. G. Manzanilla, A. Hanlon, and L. A. Boyle. "Relationship between pig carcass tail lesions and lung lesions." In Safe Pork 2015: Epidemiology and control of hazards in pork production chain. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-309.

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Thomsen, Sharon L., Thomas P. Ryan, Lynetta J. Freeman, and Mark W. DiFrancesco. "Influence of different anatomies on healing of interstitial thermal lesions in goat and pig breasts." In BiOS 2001 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, edited by Thomas P. Ryan. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.427870.

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Walsh, Joseph T., George J. Hruza, Thomas J. Flotte, R. Rox Anderson, and Thomas F. Deutsch. "Infrared laser ablation of tissue." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.thq2.

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Precise removal of soft tissues and bone is often necessary in surgery. Clinical cw CO2 lasers are ineffective in cutting bone, yet efficiently ablate soft tissue. However, there is typically a 300–1000-jum zone of thermal damage left at the cut edge which impedes healing. A simple model predicts that short pulses of strongly absorbed laser radiation should efficiently ablate tissue and minimize residual damage. Studies were performed on guinea pig skin with pulsed CO2 lasers (λ = 10.6 μm), the residual damage could be minimized to 50 μm when the pulse duration was less than the calculated thermal relaxation time for a layer one optical absorption length thick. At the peak of the water absorption curve, 2.9 μm, tissue absorbs 10 times more strongly than at 10.6 μm, and even less residual damage is possible; 100-ns Q-switched Er:YAG laser pulses (λ = 2.9 μm) ablated both soft tissues and bone; the zone of thermal damage was 5-10 μm. To compare healing, lesions were created in epilated guinea pig skin with Er:YAG and CO2 lasers and a scalpel. Er:YAG laser wounds and scalpel wounds healed quickly and with the same minimal scarring, CO2 laser wounds healed slowly with more scarring.
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Pavlik, I., L. Matlova, L. Dvorska, J. Bartl, L. Oktabcova, J. Docekal, and I. Parmova. "Tuberculous lesions in pigs in the Czech Republic in the years 1990-1999." In Second International Symposium on Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-458.

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Kolli, Kranthi Kumar, Srikara V. Peelukhana, Mohamed Effat, Tarek Helmy, Massoud Leesar, Eric W. Schneeberger, Dwight Hand, William Gottliebson, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Influence of Heart Rate and Area Stenosis on Coronary Diagnostic Parameters in a Porcine Model." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206730.

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Several parameters have been proposed to assess the physiologic significance of coronary lesions invasively. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of heart rate and percentage area stenosis on Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), which is the ratio of mean pressure distal to stenosis over the mean proximal (aortic) pressure and Pressure Drop Coefficient (CDP), ratio of trans-stenotic pressure gradient to distal dynamic pressure. In-vivo experiments were performed on three Yorkshire pigs, to achieve the objective. It was found that increase in heart rate does have a significant effect on the coronary diagnostic parameters with increase in area stenosis.
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Bostanthirige, Dhanushka Hewa, Jugal Joshi, Shravan Kumar, Divya Patel, and Jaideep Chaudhary. "Abstract A33: Loss of Id4 initiates PIN-like lesions by maintaining stemness in mice prostate." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; September 24-27, 2017; Orlando, Florida. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.mousemodels17-a33.

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Alban, Lis, Jan Dahl, M. Andreasen, J. V. Petersen, and M. Sandberg. "Possible impact of the “yellow card” antimicrobial scheme on meat inspection lesions in Danish finisher pigs." In 10th International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-908.

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Nagy, Dea, Ray Nagle, Karl Garsha, Kelly Christopherson, Janice Riley, Ubaradka Sathyanarayana, Connie Cortez, et al. "Abstract 2227: Concordance ofERGgene rearrangements andERGprotein expression in low grade PIN lesions in prostate needle biopsies." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2227.

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Ünlü, Elif Işılay, and Ahmet Çınar. "Lesion Detection on Skin Images Using Improved U-Net." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.022.

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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein of feeds from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been an important topic since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated about risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and proteins to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, however, the reported data is at times controversial. Earlier reports showed that tDNA fragments or protein derived from GM plants have not been detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products of farm animals. Other researchers have come out to demonstrate that there is the possibility of small fragments leaking out into the animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed at assessing the likely transfer and accumulation of tDNA/ proteins from transgenic feeds to animal (ruminants and non-ruminants) samples through evaluating the available experimental scientific published studies. This study has found out that the tDNA or protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (Cattle), tDNA fragments/protein have been detected in the GIT digesta, ruminal fluid and feces. In small ruminants (Goats), traces of tDNA/proteins have been detected in the GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they have been detected in blood, spleen, liver kidney and in the GIT digesta. In poultry, traces have been seen in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and Eggs. Regardless of some studies that have shown the transfer of tDNA/protein fragments to animal samples, we cannot base on these few studies to give a piece of general evidence about their transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of livestock animals. However, this study clearly shows possible transfer, hence intensive and authentic research on GM crops should be done before they are allowed for commercial use, studying issues like the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effect of feeding GM feeds to livestock.
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Alban, L., J. V. Petersen, and M. E. Busch. "A comparison of lesions found during meat inspection of finishing pigs raised under organic/free-range conditions and conventional indoor conditions." In Fourth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-274.

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Reports on the topic "Pig lesions"

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Thomas Austin, Evan, Paul Kang, Chinedu Mmeje, Joseph Mashni, Mark Brenner, Phillip Koo, and John C Chang. Validation of PI-RADS v2 Scores at Various Non-University Radiology Practices. Science Repository, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.aco.2021.02.02.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the second version of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADSv2) scores in predicting positive in-bore MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy results across different non-university related institutions. The study focuses on PI-RADS v2 scoring because during the study period, PI-RADS v2.1 had not been released. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 147 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the pelvis followed by in-bore MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy from December 2014 to May 2018. All lesions on mpMRI were rated according to PI-RADS v2 criteria. PI-RADS v2 scores were then compared to MR-guided biopsy results and pre-biopsy PSA values. Results: Prostate Cancer (PCa) was detected in 54% (80/147) of patients, with more prostate cancer being detected with each subsequent increase in PI-RADS scores. Specifically, biopsy results in patients with PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions resulted in PCa in 25.6% (10/39), 58.1% (33/55), and 86.0% (37/43) respectively. Clinically significant PCa (Gleason score ≥7) was detected in 17.9% (7/39), 52.7% (29/55), and 72% (31/43) of cases for PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions respectively. When the PI-RADS scoring and biopsy results were compared across different institutions, there was no difference in the PI-RADS scoring of lesions or in the positive biopsy rates of the lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for PI-RADS 3-4 lesions were also not statistically different across the institutions for detecting Gleason 7 or greater lesions. Conclusion: Our results agree with prior studies that higher PI-RADS scores are associated with the presence of clinically significant PCa and suggest prostate lesions with PI-RADS scores 3-5 have sufficient evidence to warrant targeted biopsy. The comparison of PI-RADS score across different types of non-university practices revealed no difference in scoring and biopsy outcome, suggesting that PI-RADS v2 can be easily applied outside of the university medical center setting. Clinical Relevance: PI-RADS v2 can be applied homogeneously in the non-university setting without significant difference in outcome.
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Gesing, Leah, Anna K. Johnson, Kenneth J. Stalder, Matthew Ritter, Jim Moody, Tara Donovan, Eva Jablonski, Dave Johnson, and Angie Johnson. The Influence of Small Versus Large Pen Design on Health and Lesion Scores of the Grow-finisher Pig. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-611.

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Ke, Youqiang, C. S. Foster, and S. S. Forootan. Identification of Possible Molecular Markers to Predict the Malignant Tendency of the Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) Lesions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448496.

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Coplin, David L., Shulamit Manulis, and Isaac Barash. roles Hrp-dependent effector proteins and hrp gene regulation as determinants of virulence and host-specificity in Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pvs. gypsophilae and betae. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587216.bard.

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Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria employ specialized type-III secretion systems (TTSS) to deliver an arsenal of pathogenicity proteins directly into host cells. These secretion systems are encoded by hrp genes (for hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) and the effector proteins by so-called dsp or avr genes. The functions of effectors are to enable bacterial multiplication by damaging host cells and/or by blocking host defenses. We characterized essential hrp gene clusters in the Stewart's Wilt of maize pathogen, Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pnss; formerly Erwinia stewartii) and the gall-forming bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Erwinia herbicola) pvs. gypsophilae (Pag) and betae (Pab). We proposed that the virulence and host specificity of these pathogens is a function of a) the perception of specific host signals resulting in bacterial hrp gene expression and b) the action of specialized signal proteins (i.e. Hrp effectors) delivered into the plant cell. The specific objectives of the proposal were: 1) How is the expression of the hrp and effector genes regulated in response to host cell contact and the apoplastic environment? 2) What additional effector proteins are involved in pathogenicity? 3) Do the presently known Pantoea effector proteins enter host cells? 4) What host proteins interact with these effectors? We characterized the components of the hrp regulatory cascade (HrpXY ->7 HrpS ->7 HrpL ->7 hrp promoters), showed that they are conserved in both Pnss and Fag, and discovered that the regulation of the hrpS promoter (hrpSp) may be a key point in integrating apoplastic signals. We also analyzed the promoters recognized by HrpL and demonstrated the relationship between their composition and efficiency. Moreover, we showed that promoter strength can influence disease expression. In Pnss, we found that the HrpXY two-component signal system may sense the metabolic status of the bacterium and is required for full hrp gene expression in planta. In both species, acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing may also regulate epiphytic fitness and/or pathogenicity. A common Hrp effector protein, DspE/WtsE, is conserved and required for virulence of both species. When introduced into corn cells, Pnss WtsE protein caused water-soaked lesions. In other plants, it either caused cell death or acted as an Avr determinant. Using a yeast- two-hybrid system, WtsE was shown to interact with a number of maize signal transduction proteins that are likely to have roles in either programmed cell death or disease resistance. In Pag and Pab, we have characterized the effector proteins HsvG, HsvB and PthG. HsvG and HsvB are homologous proteins that determine host specificity of Pag and Pab on gypsophila and beet, respectively. Both possess a transcriptional activation domain that functions in yeast. PthG was found to act as an Avr determinant on multiple beet species, but was required for virulence on gypsophila. In addition, we demonstrated that PthG acts within the host cell. Additional effector genes have been characterized on the pathogenicity plasmid, pPATHₚₐg, in Pag. A screen for HrpL- regulated genes in Pnsspointed up 18 candidate effector proteins and four of these were required for full virulence. It is now well established that the virulence of Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria is governed by Hrp-dependent effector proteins. However; the mode of action of many effectors is still unresolved. This BARD supported research will significantly contribute to the understanding of how Hrp effectors operate in Pantoea spp. and how they control host specificity and affect symptom production. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering plants resistant to a wide range of bacterial pathogens by inactivating the Hrp effectors with "plantabodies" or modifying their receptors, thereby blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, innovative technologies could be used to interfere with the Hrp regulatory cascade by blocking a critical step or mimicking plant or quorum sensing signals.
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