Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pig iron heating

Academic literature on the topic 'Pig iron heating'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pig iron heating"

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Chen, Jin, Hai Yan Zhang, and Li Ping Li. "The Targeting Magnetic Induction Heating of Nano-Carbon Iron Composite." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.1284.

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A nano-carbon and iron composite--carbon coated iron nanoparticles produced by carbon arc method can be used as a new kind of magnetic targeting and heating drug carrier for cancer therapy. It presents an special nanostructure of iron nanoparticles in inner core and nano-carbon shells outside. The nano-carbon shells have a high drug adsorption ability because of its high surface area and its inner core has great effect of targeting magnetic heating. Magnetic induction heating effect of pig liver injected mixed liquids with different concentration carbon coated iron particles in physiological saline indicates that the more quantity of nanoparticles used, the higher temperature it is. Magnetic induction heating effect of the pig liver was compared in the case of filling method and injection method (both were containing 0.3g carbon coated iron nanoparticles). The iron nanoparticle in its inner core has good effect of magnetic induction heating, the temperature can go up to 51 °C in the case that carbon coated iron nanoparticles mixed with physiological saline were distributed uniformly in pig liver. And the temperature can go up to 46°C in the case that carbon-coated iron nanoparticles was injected in a certain section of pig liver. It is obvious that injected one is much better than that of filled, but they are all enough to kill the cancer cells.
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2

Maki, Seijiro, Kazuhito Suzuki, and Kenichiro Mori. "Semisolid Forging of Cast Iron Using Rapid Resistance Heating." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.925.

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Feasibility of semisolid forging of cast iron using rapid resistance heating was experimentally investigated. Gray pig iron FC250 and spheroidal graphite cast iron FCD600, whose carbon equivalents are both 4.3% in mass, were used for the experiments. Since these cast irons have a narrow semisolid temperature range, an AC power supply with an input electric energy control function was used. In this study, the resistance heating characteristics of the cast irons were firstly examined, and then their semisolid forging experiments were conducted. In the forging experiments, the conditions of the forgings such as microstructures and hardness properties were examined, and the feasibility of the semisolid forging of cast iron using resistance heating was discussed. As a result, it was found that the method presented here is highly feasible.
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Soedarsono, Johny Wahyuadi, Vita Astini, Fahmi Fazri, Adji Kawigraha, Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo, Andi Rustandi, and Seto Tjahyono. "Effect of Carbon Content in Direct Reduction Process of Limonite Iron Oxide to Produce Pig Iron Substitute for Thin Wall Ductile Iron Process." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.281.

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Quality molten metal needed to produce thin wall ductile iron (TWDI). Pig iron, as the major base material to produce quality molten metal, due to its high price, has been change with scraps. The use of scrap as major base material associates with more cleaning and chemical composition adjustment. The ITmk3 technology in iron making has successfully produced iron nugget. Iron nugget can be use to substitute pig iron due to its quality that is comparable to pig iron but lower in price. This research conducted to see the effects of carbon content in producing iron nugget. Limonite iron ores used in this research are part of laterite rocks taken from Sebuku Island in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Variation made to weight of carbon mixed with laterite. Heating temperatures of direct reduction process are 700°C, 900°C, and 1000°C. The process times are 10, 20, and 30 minutes. XRF used in analysing Fe content in laterite and XRD is used in analysing result of direct reduction process. The result shows that increasing carbon content to certain condition will increase the rate of gasification process during direct reduction. The increase of gasification rate will result to higher Fe formation.
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Kawigraha, Adji, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Sri Harjanto, and Pramusanto. "Reduction of Composite Pellet Containing Indonesia Lateritic Iron Ore as Raw Material for Producing TWDI." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.490.

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Blast furnace process is still an important process for producing pig iron. The process needs high grade iron ore and coke. The two materials can not be found easily. In addition blast furnace process needs cooking and sintering plant that produces polluted gases. Utilization of composite pellet for pig iron production can simplify process. The pellet is made of iron ore and coal. In addition the pellet can be made from other iron source and coal. This paper discusses the evolution of phase during reduction of composite pellet containing lateritic iron ore. Fresh iron ore and coal were ground to 140 mesh separately. They were mixed and pelletized. The quantity of coal added was varied from 0 %, 20 % and 29 % of pellet weight. Pellets were heated with 10 °C/minute to 1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C and 1350 °C in a tube furnace and temperature was held during 10 minutes. Heated pellets were analyzed with XRD equipment. XRD of reduced pellets showed that iron phase change with coal and temperature. Lack of coal during heating results the re-oxidation of iron phases. This process is due to replacement of reductive atmosphere by oxidative atmosphere.
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5

Ishizaki, Kotaro, Kazuhiro Nagata, and Tetsuro Hayashi. "Production of Pig Iron from Magnetite Ore–Coal Composite Pellets by Microwave Heating." ISIJ International 46, no. 10 (2006): 1403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.46.1403.

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Hara, Kyosuke, Miyuki Hayashi, Motoyasu Sato, and Kazuhiro Nagata. "Continuous Pig Iron Making by Microwave Heating with 12.5 kW at 2.45 GHz." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 45, no. 3 (January 2011): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2011.11689808.

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7

NEACȘU, Marian-Iulian. "Studies on the Use of Electricity to Reduce the Consumption of Coke in the Development of Cast Iron in the Furnace." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 45, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2022.4.03.

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The paper presents the studies carried out in order to reduce the consumption of the volume of coke required for the production of pig iron in the furnace. Reducing coke consumption is necessary because it is an increasingly expensive material that increases the production cost of pig iron. Internationally, for the partial replacement of coke, auxiliary fuels were generally used in the form of gas or in liquid form, and the most used turned out to be methane. This process is limited by the fact that the temperature in the furnace is difficult to ensure.The studies carried out have demonstrated that, under the given conditions, it is possible to directly introduce electricity into the crucible, the charge of the crucible presenting properties of electrical resistance that allow the application of additional electrical heating.
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8

Pylypenko, R. A., R. V. Melnikov, and Ye S. Tsvetkov. "NATURAL GAS SAVING IN THE PROCESSES OF DRYING AND HEATING OF METALLURGICAL LADLES." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2020.04.

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The article shows the results of successful modernization of heating systems for cast iron and steel still-pouring ladles of blast furnace and open-hearth production. It was implemented by Ukraine Energy Ltd. with participation of the Institute of Gas of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. The main aim was reducing of natural gas consumption and emissions. The modernization has been completed using high-speed burners of various designs and changing heating systems to low-calorie gas. Changing of the heating system of pig-iron ladles of 100 tons from natural gas to the mixture of waste gases with natural gas has allowed to reduced the consumption of natural gas more than twofold. The use of the MSB-80 high-speed burner for drying the lining of 100 tons of iron ladles has made it possible to intensify the drying process and reduce the process time twofold as well. Natural gas saving is more than 35 %. The use of precision heating technology with GNB-1500 high-speed burners for the modernization of heating systems for steel casting 250 tons of ladles enables to increase the uniformity of heating the lining to ± 5 degrees, reduce the specific consumption of natural gas from 37 m3/t to 29.7 m3/t, and reduce the content of harmful substances in combustion products: CO ≤ 29 ppm, NOx ≤ 53 ppm. On example of changing natural gas in the heating system of cast-iron ladles with waste gases and using high-speed burners for burning natural gas is shown a real possibility to significantly reduce the consumption of natural gas, improve the quality of drying, reduce the time of processes and emissions. Bibl. 6, Fig. 9, Tab. 3.
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Ocheri, Cyril, A. D. Omah, C. N. Mbah, R. E. Njoku, N. A. Urama, C. W. Onyia, J. Ezeanyanwu, and S. M. Adam. "Spheroidal graphite iron production of furnace roof hangers." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v4i1.107.

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The wire rod mill of the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited produces coils, wire rods and re-bars of different sizes. Without the furnace hangers, it will be difficult for the mill to continue to operate. This paper describes the production of furnace roof hangers that are required for re-heating furnace using the spheroidal graphite iron (SGI), highlighting the sand-casting process, charge calculation, and the chemical compositions. The facilities within the foundry shop of the steel company are used to produce furnace roof hangers. The available materials used for the casting of the hangers are the pig iron, scrap ends, foundry returns and magnesium. The process of production was performed through the reheating furnace for the heating of 120 m x 120 m x 120 m billets. One ton induction furnace of low frequency was used as the melting vessel. Also, 6 kg of magnesium was introduced in the ladle before the liquid metal was teemed into it. A Spectro analytical instrument was used to determine the chemical compositions of the materials before and after the casting processes. The analysis of the chemical compositions of produced sample of SGI are presented and discussed.
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Sborshchikov, G. S., A. L. Petelin, and A. Yu Terekhova. "Thermal operation of superlayer space in Romelt furnace." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 4 (May 5, 2022): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-4-240-245.

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From the point of metallurgical heat engineering, the Romelt process is promising for processing industrial waste, poor ores and secondary metals without their preliminary preparation and the use of coke. But one of the main disadvantages of this process is high specific consumption of oxygen and fuel for the production of 1 ton of primary metal. The peculiarity of the Romelt process is that the main amount of heat required for implementation of the technological process is supplied to the bubbling layer from the superlayer space due to afterburning of the exhaust gases with technical oxygen. Heat transfer is carried out by a radiation-convective mechanism. Any changes in the afterburning process are possible, if they do not entail an unacceptable change in temperature in combustion zone. In the work, a study was conducted to reduce the specific oxygen consumption per 1 ton of primary metal, based on the data of melting a mixture of blast furnace and converter slurries for pig iron. The authors studied the possibility of reducing the specific oxygen consumption supplied to the superlayer space of the furnace for afterburning gases leaving the bubbling layer during the Romelt process. When using blast heating supplied to the lower tuyeres and oxygen heating supplied to the afterburning zone, it is possible to reduce the specific oxygen consumption per 1 ton of cast iron by 11 % without reducing the furnace performance. In the afterburning zone, it is recommended to use oxygen heated up to 400 °C in the recuperator with simultaneous supply of a blast heated up to 600 °C to the lower tuyeres.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pig iron heating"

1

Hoffmann, Roald, and Pierre Laszlo. "The Say of Things." In Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0020.

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In search of a chemical conversation, we are on a farm in Uniow, a little Ukrainian village in Austro-Hungarian Galicia, just before the onset of World War I. In the farm yard we see a big, steaming, lead-lined iron pot. The men have mixed some potash in it (no, not the pure chemical with composition KOH from a chemical supply company, but the real ash from burning good poplar) and quicklime, to a thickness that an egg—plenty of eggs here, judging from the roaming chickens—floats on it. Elsewhere in the yard, women are straining kitchen grease, suet, pig bones, rancid butter, the poor parts skimmed off the goose fat (the best of which had been set to cool, cracklings and all). This mix doesn’t smell good; they would rather toss the kitchen leavings and bones into the great iron pot, but the fat must be free of meat, bones, and solids for the process to work. They are making soap. Not that we had to go that far, near where one of us was born, for soap was prepared in this way on farms from medieval times until the twentieth century. Fat was boiled up with lye (what the potash and quicklime made). The reaction was slow—days of heating and stirring until the lye was used up, and a chicken feather would no longer dissolve in the brew. One learned not to get the lye on one’s hands. The product of a simple chemical reaction was then left in the sun for a week, stirred until a paste formed. Then it was shaped into blocks and set out on wood to dry. And inside the steaming pot, deep inside, where the fat and the lye are reacting? There is the conversation we are after, a hellishly animated molecular conversation. The lye that formed was an alkaline mixture of KOH, Ca(OH)2, and NaOH. In the vat one had hydroxide (OH-) ions, and K+, Ca2+, Na+ all surrounded in dynamic array and disarray by water molecules. Contaminants aside, the fat molecules are compounds called esters, in which an organic base, glycerol, combines with three long-chain hydrocarbon chains.
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