Relevant bibliographies by topics / Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers"

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Peng, Chang, Huaiyu Wu, Seungsoo Kim, Xuming Dai, and Xiaoning Jiang. "Recent Advances in Transducers for Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Imaging." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103540.

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As a well-known medical imaging methodology, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis, treatment guidance and post-treatment assessment of coronary artery diseases. By cannulating a miniature ultrasound transducer mounted catheter into an artery, the vessel lumen opening, vessel wall morphology and other associated blood and vessel properties can be precisely assessed in IVUS imaging. Ultrasound transducer, as the key component of an IVUS system, is critical in determining the IVUS imaging performance. In recent years, a wide range of achievements in ultrasound transducers have been reported for IVUS imaging applications. Herein, a comprehensive review is given on recent advances in ultrasound transducers for IVUS imaging. Firstly, a fundamental understanding of IVUS imaging principle, evaluation parameters and IVUS catheter are summarized. Secondly, three different types of ultrasound transducers (piezoelectric ultrasound transducer, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer) for IVUS imaging are presented. Particularly, the recent advances in piezoelectric ultrasound transducer for IVUS imaging are extensively examined according to their different working mechanisms, configurations and materials adopted. Thirdly, IVUS-based multimodality intravascular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque is discussed. Finally, summary and perspectives on the future studies are highlighted for IVUS imaging applications.
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Peng, Jue, Chen Chao, and Hu Tang. "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer with a Dome-Shaped Single Layer Structure." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 1131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.1131.

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Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) have been investigated as a promising new approach for ultrasound generation and reception. Most of the reported pMUTs employs a unimorph structure of a micromachined piezoelectric thin film on a silicon membrane. In this paper, a dome-shaped model for piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) was proposed to replace the conventional unimorph structure. A finite element analysis was carried out to study the elecro-mechanical behaviour of the dome-shaped model. The result showed that a considerable improvement of electro-mechanical coupling performance was achieved with the new model.
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Manwar, Rayyan, Karl Kratkiewicz, and Kamran Avanaki. "Overview of Ultrasound Detection Technologies for Photoacoustic Imaging." Micromachines 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070692.

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Ultrasound detection is one of the major components of photoacoustic imaging systems. Advancement in ultrasound transducer technology has a significant impact on the translation of photoacoustic imaging to the clinic. Here, we present an overview on various ultrasound transducer technologies including conventional piezoelectric and micromachined transducers, as well as optical ultrasound detection technology. We explain the core components of each technology, their working principle, and describe their manufacturing process. We then quantitatively compare their performance when they are used in the receive mode of a photoacoustic imaging system.
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Birjis, Yumna, Siddharth Swaminathan, Haleh Nazemi, Gian Carlo Antony Raj, Pavithra Munirathinam, Aya Abu-Libdeh, and Arezoo Emadi. "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (PMUTs): Performance Metrics, Advancements, and Applications." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 9151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239151.

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With the development of technology, systems gravitate towards increasing in their complexity, miniaturization, and level of automation. Amongst these systems, ultrasonic devices have adhered to this trend of advancement. Ultrasonic systems require transducers to generate and sense ultrasonic signals. These transducers heavily impact the system’s performance. Advancements in microelectromechanical systems have led to the development of micromachined ultrasonic transducers (MUTs), which are utilized in miniaturized ultrasound systems. Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) exhibit higher capacitance and lower electrical impedance, which enhances the transducer’s sensitivity by minimizing the effect of parasitic capacitance and facilitating their integration with low-voltage electronics. PMUTs utilize high-yield batch microfabrication with the use of thin piezoelectric films. The deposition of thin piezoelectric material compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) has opened novel avenues for the development of miniaturized compact systems with the same substrate for application and control electronics. PMUTs offer a wide variety of applications, including medical imaging, fingerprint sensing, range-finding, energy harvesting, and intrabody and underwater communication links. This paper reviews the current research and recent advancements on PMUTs and their applications. This paper investigates in detail the important transduction metrics and critical design parameters for high-performance PMUTs. Piezoelectric materials and microfabrication processes utilized to manufacture PMUTs are discussed. Promising PMUT applications and outlook on future advancements are presented.
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Roy, Kaustav, Harshvardhan Gupta, Vijayendra Shastri, Ajay Dangi, Antony Jeyaseelan, Soma Dutta, and Rudra Pratap. "Fluid Density Sensing Using Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 6802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2936469.

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Liu, Ya-Han, Hsin-Yi Su, Hsiao-Chi Lin, Chih-Ying Li, Yeong-Her Wang, and Chih-Hsien Huang. "Investigation of Achieving Ultrasonic Haptic Feedback Using Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142131.

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Ultrasound haptics is a contactless tactile feedback method that creates a tactile sensation by focusing high-intensity ultrasound on human skin. Although air-coupled ultrasound transducers have been applied to commercial products, the existing models are too bulky to be integrated into consumer electronics. Therefore, this study proposes a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) with a small size and low power consumption to replace traditional transducers. The proposed pMUT has a resonance frequency of 40 kHz and a radius designed through the circular plate model and finite element model. To achieve better performance, lead zirconate titanate was selected as the piezoelectric layer and fabricated via RF sputtering. The cavity of the pMUT was formed by releasing a circular membrane with deep reactive ion etching. The resonance frequency of the pMUT was 32.9 kHz, which was close to the simulation result. The acoustic pressure of a single pMUT was 0.227 Pa at 70 Vpp. This study has successfully demonstrated a pMUT platform, including the optimized design procedures, characterization techniques, and fabrication process, as well as showing the potential of pMUT arrays for ultrasound haptics applications.
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Li, Penglu, Zheng Fan, Xiaoya Duan, Danfeng Cui, Junbin Zang, Zengxing Zhang, and Chenyang Xue. "Enhancement of the Transmission Performance of Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers by Vibration Mode Optimization." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040596.

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Ultrasound is widely used in industry and the agricultural, biomedical, military, and other fields. As key components in ultrasonic applications, the characteristic parameters of ultrasonic transducers fundamentally determine the performance of ultrasonic systems. High-frequency ultrasonic transducers are small in size and require high precision, which puts forward higher requirements for sensor design, material selection, and processing methods. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of a high-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) is established based on the finite element method (FEM). This 3D model consists of a substrate, a silicon device layer, and a molybdenum-aluminum nitride-molybdenum (Mo-AlN-Mo) sandwich piezoelectric layer. The effect of the shape of the transducer’s vibrating membrane on the transmission performance was studied. Through a discussion of the parametric scanning of the key dimensions of the diaphragms of the three structures, it was concluded that the fundamental resonance frequency of the hexagonal diaphragm was higher than that of the circle and the square under the same size. Compared with the circular diaphragm, the sensitivity of the square diaphragm increased by 8.5%, and the sensitivity of the hexagonal diaphragm increased by 10.7%. The maximum emission sound-pressure level of the hexagonal diaphragm was 6.6 times higher than that of the circular diaphragm. The finite element results show that the hexagonal diaphragm design has great advantages for improving the transmission performance of the high-frequency PMUT.
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Dangi, Ajay, Christopher Y. Cheng, Sumit Agrawal, Sudhanshu Tiwari, Gaurav Ramesh Datta, Robert R. Benoit, Rudra Pratap, Susan Trolier-Mckinstry, and Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli. "A Photoacoustic Imaging Device Using Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (PMUTs)." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 67, no. 4 (April 2020): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2019.2956463.

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Yang, Yi, He Tian, Bing Yan, Hui Sun, Can Wu, Yi Shu, Li-Gang Wang, and Tian-Ling Ren. "A flexible piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer." RSC Advances 3, no. 47 (2013): 24900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra44619k.

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Steve, Freidlay, Robert Littrell, Craig Core, Don Banfield, and Robert D. White. "Aluminum nitride piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers with applications in sonic anemometry." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0007747.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers"

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Satir, Sarp. "Modeling and optimization of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54303.

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The objective of this research is to develop large signal modeling and optimization methods for Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs), especially when they are used in an array configuration. General modeling and optimization methods that cover a large domain of CMUT designs are crucial, as many membrane and array geometry combinations are possible using existing microfabrication technologies. Currently, large signal modeling methods for CMUTs are not well established and nonlinear imaging techniques utilizing linear piezoelectric transducers are not applicable to CMUTs because of their strong nonlinearity. In this work, the nonlinear CMUT behavior is studied, and a feedback linearization method is proposed to reduce the CMUT nonlinearity. This method is shown to improve the CMUT performance for continuous wave applications, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound or harmonic imaging, where transducer linearity is crucial. In the second part of this dissertation, a large signal model is developed that is capable of transient modeling of CMUT arrays with arbitrary electrical terminations. The developed model is suitable for iterative design optimization of CMUTs and CMUT based imaging systems with arbitrary membrane and array geometries for a variety of applications. Finally, a novel multi-pulse method for nonlinear tissue and contrast agent imaging with CMUTs is presented. It is shown that the nonlinear content can be successfully extracted from echo signals in a CMUT based imaging system using a multiple pulse scheme. The proposed method is independent of the CMUT geometry and valid for large signal operation. Experimental results verifying the developed large signal CMUT array model, proposed gap feedback and multi-pulse techniques are also presented.
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Guldiken, Rasim Oytun. "Dual-electrode capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers for medical ultrasound applications." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31806.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Degertekin, F. Levent; Committee Member: Benkeser, Paul; Committee Member: Berhelot, Yves; Committee Member: Brand, Oliver; Committee Member: Hesketh, Peter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Choi, Hongsoo. "Fabrication, characterization and modeling of K₃₁ piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs)." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/h_choi_091007.pdf.

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Dalakoti, Abhishek. "Optimization of PZT based thin films and piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs)." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/a%5Fdalakoti%5F083105.pdf.

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Mylvaganam, Janani. "Characterization of medical piezoelectric ultrasound transducers using pulse echo methods." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9623.

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In this thesis, a measurement set-up has been developed to characterize high frequency medical ultrasound transducers using a pulse echo set-up. This work is a continuation of an earlier project. The aim of this project is to improve the instrumentation to get more reliable, repeatable and consistent results. The transducer used in this project was a 20MHz annular array transducer with 8 elements. Parameters such as the electroacoustic transfer function and reflection coefficients of element 1 and 2 have been found for a sinusoidal burst excitation and a Gaussian excitation, to give examples for the estimation of these parameters. Developing the right instrumentation for the pulse echo set-up and transducer for pulse echo measurements has been emphasised, where a transducer holder and reflector have been constructed for characterization of elements 1-5. A cylindrical water resistant reflector with a curved top was designed giving certain degrees of freedom as opposed to the pure spherical reflector concerning positioning of the reflector with respect to the transducer. A slanted bottom was included in the design of the reflector causing reflections from the bottom to diffract and thus stopping these from interfering with the reflections of interest happening at the top of the reflector surface. A transducer holder was also designed and custom made for the transducer used in the project, where both mechanical and electrical considerations have been taken, as the holder makes alignment of the transducer with respect to the reflector easier and coaxial cables have been introduced to get more control over the signals going to and from the transducer array. Coaxial cables were chosen as these are easy to model, and have clear specifications in addition to having the property of shielding noise signals. Alignment of the transducer has been emphasised to make radiation into the focus of the reflector easier, although the design of the reflector also allows the reflector to be tilted in the allocation of its focus point. By taking detailed lateral scans of echoes received by the transducer using a robot, in addition to varying the distance between the transducer and the reflector with an increment of 0.2 mm, the reflection coefficients were found to be very sensitive to lateral positioning, and to some extent sensitive to axial positioning of the transducer with respect to the reflector. The elimination of propagation delay due to the signals travel in waterpath and electrical transmission and reception chain leading to the transducer ports has also been compensated for, as these delays will effect the complex values of the transfer function. The electrical propagation delay is eliminated by using a simulation program, and analysis of the time between two consecutive echoes is done in order to find the physical time delay in the water path the pulses travelled. The electro acoustic transfer function has also been found for element 1 and element 2, but with a much greater time delay than what was expected. An uncertainty budget of the obtained parameters has also been done to see the impact of laboratory equipment on the meaurements. Estimation schemes to obtain reflection coefficients and the electro acoustic transfer function have been developed, which are repeatable for further characterization for the whole transducer array. Existing MATLAB codes have been modified in simulations and some new codes have been written for analyzing measurement based estimation of transfer functions, reflection coefficients and effects of various filters on their characteristics. Different types of filters have been used on the recorded echo signals to eliminate noise from the estimated reflection coefficients. A better control of the parasitic inductances due to the non coaxial cables in the system should perhaps be evaluated, and for further characterization of the transducer, the mechanical admittance can also be found by using the estimated reflection coefficients and electro acoustic transfer function.

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McLean, Jeffrey John. "Interdigital Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for Microfluidic Applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7625.

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The goal of this research was to develop acoustic sensors and actuators for microfluidic applications. To this end, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) were developed which generate guided acoustic waves in fluid half-spaces and microchannels. An interdigital transducer structure and a phased excitation scheme were used to selectively excite guided acoustic modes which propagate in a single lateral direction. Analytical models were developed to predict the geometric dispersion of the acoustic modes and to determine the sensitivity of the modes to changes in material and geometric parameters. Coupled field finite element models were also developed to predict the effect of membrane spacing and phasing on mode generation and directionality. After designing the transducers, a surface micromachining process was developed which has a low processing temperature of 250C and has the potential for monolithically integrating cMUTs with CMOS electronics. The fabrication process makes extensive use of PECVD silicon nitride depositions for membrane formation and sealing. The fabricated interdigital cMUTs were placed in microfluidic channels and demonstrated to sense changes in fluid sound speed and flow rate using Scholte waves and other guided acoustic modes. The minimum detectable change in sound speed was 0.25m/s, and the minimum detectable change in flow rate was 1mL/min. The unique nature of the Scholte wave allowed for the measurement of fluid properties of a semi-infinite fluid using two transducers on a single substrate. Changes in water temperature, and thus sound speed, were measured and the minimum detectable change in temperature was found to be 0.1C. For fluid pumping, interdigital cMUTs were integrated into microchannels and excited with phase-shifted, continuous wave signals. Highly directional guided waves were generated which in turn generated acoustic streaming forces in the fluid. The acoustic streaming forces caused the fluid to be pumped in a single, electronically-controlled direction. For a power consumption of 43mW, a flow rate of 410nL/min was generated against a pressure of 3.4Pa; the thermodynamic efficiency was approximately 5x10-8%. Although the efficiency and pressure head are low, these transducers can be useful for precisely manipulating small amounts of fluid around microfluidic networks.
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Wygant, Ira Oaktree. "Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging using custom integrated electronics combined with capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Klemm, Markus. "Acoustic Simulation and Characterization of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUT)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-225933.

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Ultrasonic transducers are used in many fields of daily life, e.g. as parking aids or medical devices. To enable their usage also for mass applications small and low- cost transducers with high performance are required. Capacitive, micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) offer the potential, for instance, to integrate compact ultrasonic sensor systems into mobile phones or as disposable transducer for diverse medical applications. This work is aimed at providing fundamentals for the future commercialization of CMUTs. It introduces novel methods for the acoustic simulation and characterization of CMUTs, which are still critical steps in the product development process. They allow an easy CMUT cell design for given application requirements. Based on a novel electromechanical model for CMUT elements, the device properties can be determined by impedance measurement already. Finally, an end-of-line test based on the electrical impedance of CMUTs demonstrates their potential for efficient mass production.
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Cortes, Correales Daniel H. "Elastic guided wave dispersion in layered piezoelectric plates application to ultrasound transducers and acoustic sensors /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10206.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 84 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84).
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Devaraju, Vadivel Lewin Peter A. "Design, development and characterization of wideband polymer ultrasonic probes for medical ultrasound applications /." Philadelphia : Drexel University, 2003. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1721.1/95.

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Books on the topic "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers"

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Hornung, Mark R. Micromachined ultrasound-based proximity sensors. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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Micromachined Ultrasound-Based Proximity Sensors. Springer, 2011.

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Li, Sibo, Xiaohua Jian, Xiaoning Jiang, Jian'guo Ma, and Wenbin Huang. High Frequency Piezo-Composite Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer Array Technology for Biomedical Imaging. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The, 2017.

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Hornung, Mark R., and Oliver Brand. Micromachined Ultrasound-Based Proximity Sensors (Microsystems). Springer, 1999.

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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. Intraoperative monitoring. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0043.

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Chapter 25 introduced some basic generic principles applicable to many measurement and monitoring techniques. Chapter 43 introduces those principles not covered in Chapter 25 and discusses in detail the clinical applications and limitations of the many monitoring techniques available to the modern clinical anaesthetist. It starts with non-invasive blood pressure measurement, including clinical and automated techniques. This is followed by techniques of direct blood pressure measurement, noting that transducers and calibration have been discussed in Chapter 25. This is followed by electrocardiography. There then follows a section on the different methods of measuring cardiac output, including the pulmonary artery catheter, the application of ultrasound in echocardiography, pulse contour analysis (LiDCO™ and PiCCO™), and transthoracic electrical impedance. Pulse oximetry is then discussed in some detail. Depth of anaesthesia monitoring is then described, starting with the electroencephalogram and its application in BIS™ monitors, the use of evoked potentials, and entropy. There then follow sections on gas pressure measurement in cylinders and in breathing systems, followed by gas volume and flow measurement, including the rotameter, spirometry, and the pneumotachograph, and the measurement of lung dead space and functional residual capacity using body plethysmography and dilution techniques. The final section is on respiratory gas analysis, starting with light refractometry as the standard against which other techniques are compared, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy (the principles of these techniques having been introduced in Chapter 25), piezoelectric and paramagnetic analysers, polarography and fuel cells, and blood gas analysis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers"

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Pappalardo, Massimo, Giosue Caliano, Alessandro S. Savoia, and Alessandro Caronti. "Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers." In Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications, 453–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76540-2_22.

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Muralt, P. "Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers and Acoustic Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Thin Films." In Electroceramic-Based MEMS, 37–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23319-9_3.

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Nikoozadeh, A., I. O. Wygant, D. S. Lin, Ö. Oralkan, K. Thomenius, A. Dentinger, D. Wildes, et al. "Intracardiac Forward-Looking Ultrasound Imaging Catheters Using Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers." In Acoustical Imaging, 203–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3255-3_24.

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"Piezoelectric Materials for High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers." In High Frequency Piezo-Composite Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer Array Technology for Biomedical Imaging, 11–20. ASME Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.860441_ch2.

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"Piezoelectric Composite Transducer Technique." In High Frequency Piezo-Composite Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer Array Technology for Biomedical Imaging, 21–36. ASME Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.860441_ch3.

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"Micromachined 1-3 Composite Single Element Transducers." In High Frequency Piezo-Composite Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer Array Technology for Biomedical Imaging, 53–68. ASME Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.860441_ch5.

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Aguilar-Torres, Daniel, Omar Jiménez-Ramírez, Juan A. Jimenez-Garcia, Gonzalo A. Ramos-López, and Rubén Vázquez-Medina. "Acoustic and Thermal Analysis of Food." In Food Preservation and Packaging - Recent Process and Technological Advancements [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108007.

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Exploring the food acoustic features can help to understand and effectively apply some preservation treatments that extend their expiration date. The food composition and properties are crucial issues in their acoustic behavior when stimulated with acoustic waves. If these waves are varied in frequency and intensity, the temperature of food could be affected facilitating the moisture removal or degrading its nutritional condition. Therefore, we presented a guide to determine and apply the most influential spectral component of ultrasound waves on apple and tomato when dehydrated in an ultrasound-assisted dehydration system. In this guide, applying the finite element method, we study, simulate, and analyze the acoustic and thermic behavior of apple and tomato inside a chamber when radiated with acoustic waves at (1 Hz, 1 MHz) by using up to three piezoelectric transducers. From the physical parameters defined in the simulation environment for apple and tomato, we find the relevant spectral components that can produce temperature changes in each food sample considering the radiation time and the food sample location. This work represents an analysis guide that allows for determining the best conditions for the acoustic radiation of foods, avoiding their structural and nutritional damage, and seeking the design of energy-efficient processes.
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Chimenti, Dale, Stanislav Rokhlin, and Peter Nagy. "Air-Coupled Ultrasonics." In Physical Ultrasonics of Composites. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195079609.003.0013.

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Ultrasonic material characterization or inspection for defects is conventionally performed using either liquid coupling (water, usually) or some type of gel or oil in contact-mode coupling. Mechanical waves can be transmitted only through some sound-supporting medium from their source (a transducer) to the object under study, and back again. Using distilled, degassed water to couple ultrasound to an object under test works quite well and has many technical advantages, including relatively low signal loss over laboratory or shop dimensions at typical frequencies, almost zero toxicity, and low cost. For many applications, the use of water is acceptable and preferred. There are, however, certain testing applications for which water can be a disadvantage. These situations include materials that are sensitive to contact with water, such as uncured graphite-epoxy composites or certain electronics. Large objects, whose total immersion is impractical, or objects for which rapid scanning is required might also be unsuitable for water coupling. Recent technological developments are beginning to permit the judicious replacement of water by a far more ubiquitous sound coupling medium—air. Ultrasonic testing in air has been investigated for more than 30 years, but recently there has been an upsurge in interest and application because of the availability of much more efficient sound-generating devices designed specifically for operation in air. In water- or direct-coupled ultrasonics, one typically employs piezoelectric transducers to generate sound waves because they are well suited to the generation of sound in water or in solids because of their high acoustic impedance. In air, however, we need just the opposite. Air is very compliant, so waves from a high-impedance source couple poorly into air. Much effort has been invested in finding suitable impedance matching materials that will render the familiar piezoelectric probe efficient in air-coupled (A-C) ultrasound. The problem, however, is nearly insurmountable because of the large acoustic impedance difference between air and quartz, for example. Quartz has an acoustic impedance of about 15 MRayl, while air’s impedance is about 425 Rayl, a ratio of about 35,000. The challenge is to find a material with an acoustic impedance that nearly equals the geometric average of these two widely disparate values.
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Conference papers on the topic "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers"

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Ling, Jiang, Yu-Hong Wei, Guang-Ya Jiang, Yuan-Quan Chen, He Tian, Yi Yang, and Tian-Ling Ren. "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for Ultrasound Imaging." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2018.8487075.

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Khuri-Yakub, Butrus T., Ching-Hsiang Cheng, Fahrettin-Levent Degertekin, Sanli Ergun, Sean Hansen, Xue-Cheng Jin, and Omer Oralkan. "Silicon Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1602.

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Abstract This paper reviews capacitor micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs). Transducers for air-borne and immersion applications are made from parallel-plate capacitors whose dimensions are controlled through traditional integrated circuit manufacturing methods. Transducers for airborne ultrasound applications have been operated in the frequency range of 0.1–11 MHz, while immersion transducers have been operated in the frequency range of 1–20 MHz. The Mason model is used to represent the cMUT and highlight the important parameters in the design of both airborne and immersion transducers. Theory is used to compare the dynamic range and the bandwidth of the cMUTs to piezoelectric transducers. It is seen that cMUTs perform at least as well if not better than piezoelectric transducers. Examples of single-element transducers, linear-array transducers, and two-dimensional arrays of transducers will be presented.
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Wang, Q., Y. Lu, S. Fung, X. Jiang, S. Mishin, Y. Oshmyansky, and D. A. Horsley. "SCANDIUM DOPED ALUMINUM NITRIDE BASED PIEZOELECTRIC MICROMACHINED ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCERS." In 2016 Solid-State, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop. San Diego: Transducer Research Foundation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh2016.116.

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Lu, Ruochen, Michael Breen, Ahmed Hassanien, Yansong Yang, and Songbin Gong. "Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers." In 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ius46767.2020.9251707.

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Roy, Kaustav, Anuj Ashok, Kritank Kalyan, Vijayendra Shastri, Anthony Jeyaseelan, Veera Pandi N, Manjunatha Nayak, and Rudra Pratap. "Towards the development of backing layer for piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers." In Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2021, edited by Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582504.

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Sadeghpour, Sina, Bram Lips, Michael Kraft, and Robert Puers. "Flexible Soi-Based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT) Arrays." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808793.

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Zhai, Yanfen, Takashi Sasaki, Mohssen Moridi, Ronghui Lin, Zahrah Alnakhli, Atif Shamim, Xiaohang Li, Mohammad Younis, Kazuhiro Hane, and Lixiang Wu. "On-chip photoacoustic transducer based on monolithic integration of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers and metasurface lenses." In Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2023, edited by Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2649216.

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Shelton, S., A. Guedes, R. Przybyla, R. Krigel, B. Boser, and D. A. Horsley. "ALUMINUM NITRIDE PIEZOELECTRIC MICROMACHINED ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER ARRAYS." In 2012 Solid-State, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop. San Diego: Transducer Research Foundation, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh2012.78.

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Sadeghpour, Sina, Michael Kraft, and Robert Puers. "Highly Efficient Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT) for Underwater Sensor Networks." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808204.

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Dangi, Ajay, Sumit Agrawal, Sudhanshu Tiwari, Shubham Jadhav, Christopher Cheng, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Rudra Pratap, and Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli. "Evaluation of High Frequency Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers for Photoacoustic Imaging." In 2018 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2018.8589733.

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Reports on the topic "Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers"

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Dayton, Paul A., and Xiaoning Jiang. Piezoelectric Composite Micromachined Multifrequency Transducers for High-Resolution, High-Contrast Ultrasound Imaging for Improved Prostate Cancer Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611437.

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