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1
Kanchan, Mithun, Mohith Santhya, Ritesh Bhat, and Nithesh Naik. "Application of Modeling and Control Approaches of Piezoelectric Actuators: A Review." Technologies 11, no. 6 (November 1, 2023): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11060155.
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Piezoelectric actuators find extensive application in delivering precision motion in the micrometer to nanometer range. The advantages of a broader range of motion, rapid response, higher stiffness, and large actuation force from piezoelectric actuators make them suitable for precision positioning applications. However, the inherent nonlinearity in the piezoelectric actuators under dynamic working conditions severely affects the accuracy of the generated motion. The nonlinearity in the piezoelectric actuators arises from hysteresis, creep, and vibration, which affect the performance of the piezoelectric actuator. Thus, there is a need for appropriate modeling and control approaches for piezoelectric actuators, which can model the nonlinearity phenomenon and provide adequate compensation to achieve higher motion accuracy. The present review covers different methods adopted for overcoming the nonlinearity issues in piezoelectric actuators. This review highlights the charge-based and voltage-based control methods that drive the piezoelectric actuators. The survey also includes different modeling approaches for the creep and hysteresis phenomenon of the piezoelectric actuators. In addition, the present review also highlights different control strategies and their applications in various types of piezoelectric actuators. An attempt is also made to compare the piezoelectric actuator’s different modeling and control approaches and highlight prospects.
2
Bazghaleh, Mohsen, Steven Grainger, and Morteza Mohammadzaheri. "A review of charge methods for driving piezoelectric actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 10 (October 11, 2017): 2096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17733330.
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Piezoelectric actuators are the most commonly used actuators in nanopositioning. They provide excellent operating bandwidth and precision. These actuators are normally driven by voltage amplifiers; however, the relationship of the applied voltage on the actuator and its position is nonlinear and complex due to phenomena such as hysteresis. This adversely influences actuator’s position control which is the core component of nanopositioning. However, the electrical charge applied on a piezoelectric actuator has a significantly less complex relationship with its position. As a result, driving piezoelectric actuators with charge amplifiers has attracted significant attention. In this article, charge driving methods are classified, and their advantages, major issues and the solutions to these issues are critically reviewed.
3
Zhong, Bowen, Zhan Liao, Xi Zhang, Ziqi Jin, and Lining Sun. "Modeling of Rapid Response Characteristics of Piezoelectric Actuators for Ultra-Precision Machining." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 11, 2023): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062272.
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Piezoelectric actuators are characterized by high positioning accuracy, high stiffness and a fast response and are widely used in ultra-precision machining technologies such as fast tool servo technology and ultrasonic machining. The rapid response characteristics of piezoelectric actuators often determine the overall quality of machining. However, there has been little research on the fast response characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, and this knowledge gap will lead to low precision and poor quality of the final machining. The fast response characteristics of a piezoelectric actuator were studied in this work. Firstly, the piezoelectric actuator was divided into a no-load state and a load state according to the working state. A fast response analysis and output characteristic analysis were carried out, the corresponding dynamic model was established, and then the model was simulated. Finally, an experimental system was established to verify the dynamic model of the piezoelectric actuator’s fast response by conducting an experiment in which the piezoelectric actuator bounces a steel ball. The experimental results verify the correctness of the model and show that the greater the cross-sectional area and height of the piezoelectric actuator, the higher the bouncing height of the ball, and the better the dynamic performance of the piezoelectric actuator. It is believed that this study has guiding significance for the application of the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric actuators in the machining field.
4
Jiang, Xishan, Ning Wang, Jing Zheng, and Jie Pan. "Experimental Validation of Two Types of Force Actuators: A Performance Comparison." Sensors 24, no. 12 (June 18, 2024): 3950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24123950.
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This paper experimentally investigates the performance of piezoelectric force actuators. Using the same encapsulated piezoelectric stack, an inertial-type actuator and a frame-type actuator are constructed for performance comparison. The experimental results are also used to validate the recently established actuator models, whilst the mechanical and piezoelectrical parameters of the models are experimentally identified. The performance of the actuators is described by the transmitted force(s) and input power flow from the actuators to the base structure with reference to the same electrical input voltage to the stack. The validation is deemed successful due to the strong agreement observed between the measured and predicted actuator performances. Additionally, it is discovered that the frame-type actuator has the capacity to produce significantly higher transmitted forces and input power flow to the base structure compared to the inertial-type actuator. The mechanism underlying the performance disparity between these two types of actuators is also examined. This paper clarifies the mechanism, shedding light on the design and optimization of piezoelectric actuators.
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Liang, Kang, Chong Li, Yujian Tong, Jiwen Fang, and Wei Zhong. "Design of a Low-Frequency Harmonic Rotary Piezoelectric Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10010004.
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Piezoelectric actuators usually operate under a high frequency driving signal. Here we report a harmonic rotating piezoelectric actuator by coupling a harmonic wave generator and a friction rotor, in which the actuator can be actuated by a low-frequency sinusoidal signal with positive bias. The harmonic wave is generated by a two-stage magnifying mechanism consisting of a displacement amplifier and a harmonic rod. Applying piezoelectricity theory, the actuator’s output characteristic equations are deduced. What is more, the output characteristics of piezoelectric actuators are tested with the established experimental system. Results show that the generated harmonic displacements can drive the actuator to work normally at a driving voltage of larger than 90 V and the maximum total harmonic displacement of the piezoelectric actuator comes up to 427.6 μm under the driving voltage of 150 V. Meanwhile, the error between the measured and calculated values of the harmonic displacement is less than 7%. Furthermore, the rotational speed of the piezoelectric actuator reaches 5.45 rpm/min at 150 V voltage and 5 Hz driving frequency.
6
Chang, Shyang-Jye, and Jing Chen. "Design and Fabrication of the Large Thrust Force Piezoelectric Actuator." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/912587.
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This paper presents a novel piezoelectric actuator containing double pushers. By using finite element analysis software, this study simulated the vibration mode and amplitude of piezoelectric actuators. The Taguchi method was used to design the parameters of piezoelectric actuators including length, width, height, and electrodes setting. This paper also presents a discussion regarding the influence that the design parameters had on the actuator amplitudes. Based on optimal design parameters, a novel piezoelectric actuator containing double pushers is produced and some thrust tests are also carried out. From the experiment results, the piezoelectric actuator containing double pushers can provide a greater thrust force than that of traditional actuators containing a single pusher as the preload is greater. Comparing with the traditional actuators, the thrust force of new actuator can be increased by 48% with the double preload.
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Furutani, Katsushi, and Taizo Makino. "Influence of Matrix Circuit Switching Device Junction Capacitance on Piezoelectric Actuator Drive Performance." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 3 (May 5, 2009): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0313.
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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used as fine-motion actuators for positioning devices. Current pulse driving reduces displacement hysteresis, and the drive circuit provides current pulses considered constant charge pulses to the piezoelectric actuator. The circuit for devices with multiple degrees of freedom using multiple piezoelectric actuators should be simple. Matrix circuits are used to drive liquid crystal displays to reduce the number of drive-circuit control signals and components. A group of 2 × 2 piezoelectric actuators was driven alternately using a 4-switch matrix circuit, and two field effect transistors were used as a fast matrix circuit switch. Piezoelectric actuator drive performance was studied in the case of using the current pulse circuit and the matrix circuit. When the matrix circuit drove actuators performing as capacitive loads, switching device junction capacitors adversely affected drive performance.
8
Zhou, Bo, Xiao Ma, Shuai Wang, and Shifeng Xue. "Least-squares method for laminated beams with distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 18 (July 25, 2020): 2165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20943962.
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Piezoelectric ceramics are a very popular material in the field of actuator technology due to their unique piezoelectric properties. However, the brittle behavior of ceramics endangers the reliability of piezoelectric actuators. In this article, the three-dimensional braided piezoelectric composite is utilized to ameliorate the reliability and driving capability of piezoelectric actuators. The static analysis of laminated beam with the distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuator is presented to study its driving capability. Based on the piezoelectric constitutive equations and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the governing equation of the piezoelectric laminated beam is derived. The least-squares method for the piezoelectric laminated beam is established to solve the derived governing equation. The current approach is validated by comparison with published results and finite element results. In the numerical examples, the effects of the number and spacing of the three-dimensional braided piezoelectric composite patches, actuator central location, actuator length, actuator thickness ratio, cantilever beam thickness, applied voltage and fiber volume fraction on the driving capability of the distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuator are investigated. This study suggests the potential use of the distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuator in intelligent structures and provides useful guidance for the design and optimization of piezoelectric actuators.
9
Chen, Yan Hong, T. Li, and Jan Ma. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Functionally Graded Monomorph." Key Engineering Materials 314 (July 2006): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.314.89.
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In the present work, investigation of the functional property of piezoelectric graded monomorph actuator systems is presented. The functional graded actuators were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using pure PZT and doped PZT materials. Actuators developed have shown gradual gradient variation in microstructure. It is noted that trend in microstructural gradient does not represent similar trend in piezoelectric property gradient. The displacement of microstructural graded and both piezoelectric and microstructural graded actuators were measured. The results show that the gradient distribution of the piezoelectric properties is important to improve the electromechanical performance of the actuator.
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Zhou, Bo, Xiao Ma, and Shifeng Xue. "Nonlinear Analysis of Laminated Beams with Braided Fiber Piezoelectric Composite Actuators." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 04 (May 2020): 2050043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882512050043x.
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This paper presents a novel approach for improving the reliability and driving capability of piezoelectric actuators by developing braided fiber piezoelectric composite (BFPC) actuators. The nonlinear analysis of laminated beams integrated with the BFPC actuators under electric load is presented. According to Timoshenko beam theory and von Kármán nonlinear geometric relation, the strain components of the piezoelectric laminated beams are obtained. The nonlinear governing equations of the piezoelectric laminated beams are derived by the Galerkin method and principle of minimum potential energy, and then are solved through the direct iterative method. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated by its comparison with the published results. The driving capability of the BFPC actuator and the existing piezoelectric composite actuator is compared. The influences of the fiber volume fraction, actuator thickness, simply supported beam thickness and applied voltage on the driving capability of the BFPC actuators are discussed through a comprehensive parametric study. The numerical results illustrate that the BFPC actuators with excellent driving capability can effectively control the deformation of smart structures.
11
Liu, Zi Chao, Wei Pan, and Chang Hou Lu. "A New Rate-Dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model for Piezoelectric Actuators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.598.
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This paper presents a new rate-dependent model for piezoelectric actuators. The proposed method directly utilizes a modified rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis model to characterize the hysteresis and frequency effect of piezoelectric Actuators quickly and efficiently. To identify the model parameters, the least square method is adopted. Based on the identified model parameters, the rate-dependent model for Piezoelectric Actuators is established. By comparing the rate-dependent model with the real output of the Piezoelectric Actuators, the result shows that the new rate-dependent model could characterizes the hysteresis and frequency effect of Piezoelectric Actuator, which clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed Rate-Dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model.
12
QIU, J. H., K. J. ZHU, and H. L. JI. "FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STYLE FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PIEZOELECTRIC BENDING ACTUATORS." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 03 (January 30, 2009): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909018588.
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To avoid the delamination of bimorph actuator and enhance the performance of the room-temperature type functionally graded (RTFG) piezoelectric bending actuator, the high temperature type FG (HTFG) piezoelectric bending actuator was designed and fabricated. The material compositions with different dielectric and piezoelectric constants were selected from the Pb ( Ni 1/3 N b 2/3) O 3- PbZrO 3- PbTiO 3 (PNN-PZ-PT) family, and used as the five layers in the HTFG piezoelectric actuator. Compared with the FG actuator, the HTFG actuator has advantages for applications at high temperature. The durability of the fabricated HTFG piezoelectric actuators was measured in a vibration test and compared with that of the bimorph actuator to evaluate the improvement of performance. The results show that the durability of the HTFG piezoelectric actuators is much higher than that of the bimorph actuator.
13
Liu, Lu, Zheyang Ji, Yue Zhang, Huan Chen, Weimin Lou, and Ming Kong. "A Single-Clamp Inchworm Actuator with Two Piezoelectric Stacks." Micromachines 15, no. 6 (May 29, 2024): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15060718.
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Inchworm piezoelectric actuators have attracted much attention in the field of precision positioning due to the advantages of a large stroke, high output force, and high resolution. However, traditional inchworm piezoelectric actuators use two sets of clamps and a set of drive structures to achieve stepping motion, which generally requires at least three piezoelectric stacks, resulting in a complex structure and the control system. Several methodologies have been advanced to minimize the utilization of piezoelectric stacks. However, there still exists the issue of excessive volume. Therefore, an inchworm piezoelectric actuator with a single-clamp and single drive structure is proposed in the study, which provides a compact size and smaller volume. The clamping mechanism comprises two sets of clamping feet with opposite displacement, which alternate contact with the guide frame and adjustable plate to ensure that the clamping mechanism always has frictional force and accomplishes the stepping motion. The testing of the actuator’s step distance, output force, and other parameters was conducted utilizing a displacement sensor. Experimental results indicate that the actuator achieved a maximum speed of 174.3 μm/s and an output force of 8.6 N when the frequency and voltage were 19 Hz and 150 V.
14
Li, Longhai, Yi Hou, Dianbin Hu, Renhui Hu, Lipeng He, and Guangming Cheng. "Development of an inertial piezoelectric pump with separable chamber." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080117.
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This paper presents an inertial pump with rectangular piezoelectric actuators. The mass block adhered at the free end of the actuator increases the actuator deformation, and the pump chamber is separable. Theoretical and experimental analyses are conducted. The different drive modes with the mass block, different excitation electric signals, and their influence on the performance of the piezoelectric pump are investigated. The drive mode is divided into the mass block adhered with two rectangular piezoelectric actuators, one of the actuators, and actuators without mass blocks. The square wave, sine wave, and triangle wave constitute different excitation electric signals. The experimental results prove that the pump with the mass block adhered with two rectangular piezoelectric actuators and driven by the square wave has a wide working frequency range and high performance. The highest flow rate reached is 72 ml/min at 160 V, 20 Hz. The pump with the mass block adhered with one of the actuators and driven by the square wave generates the loudest noise of 97.6 dB at 160 V, 35 Hz.
15
Lee, C. K., and F. C. Moon. "Modal Sensors/Actuators." Journal of Applied Mechanics 57, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2892008.
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A piezoelectric laminate theory that uses the piezoelectric phenomenon to effect distributed control and sensing of structural vibration of a flexible plate has been used to develop a class of distributed sensor/actuators, that of modal sensors/actuators. The one-dimensional modal sensors/actuator equations are first derived theoretically and then examined experimentally. These modal equations indicate that distributed piezoelectric sensors/actuators can be adopted to measure/excite specific modes of one-dimensional plates and beams. If constructed correctly, actuator/observer spillover will not be present in systems adopting these types of sensors/actuators. A mode 1 and a mode 2 sensor for a one-dimensional cantilever plate were constructed and tested to examine the applicability of the modal sensors/actuators. A modal coordinate analyzer which allows us to measure any specific modal coordinate on-line real-time is proposed. Finally, a way to create a special two-dimensional modal sensor is presented.
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Huang, Weiqing, Junkai Lian, Dawei An, Mingyang Chen, and Yinfeng Lei. "Bidirectional Drive with Inhibited Hysteresis for Piezoelectric Actuators." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041546.
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Piezoelectric actuators with a flexible displacement amplification structure are widely used in the fields of precision driving and positioning. The displacement curve of conventional piezoelectric actuators is asymmetrical and non-linear, which leads to large non-linear errors and reduced positioning accuracy of these piezoelectric actuators. In this paper, a bidirectional active drive piezoelectric actuator is proposed, which suppresses the hysteresis phenomenon to a certain extent and reduces the non-linear error. Based on the deformation theory of the beam, a theoretical model of the rhombus mechanism was established, and the key parameters affecting the drive performance were analyzed. Then, the static and dynamic characteristics of series piezoelectric actuators were analyzed by the finite element method. A prototype was manufactured and the output performance was tested. The results show that the actuator can achieve a bidirectional symmetric output of amplification displacement, with a maximum value of 91.45 μm and a resolution of 35 nm. In addition, compared with the hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric stack, the nonlinear error is reduced by 62.94%.
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Molla, Dessalew, Marek Płaczek, and Andrzej Wróbel. "Multiphysics Modeling and Material Selection Methods to Develop Optimal Piezoelectric Plate Actuators for Active Noise Cancellation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 11746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411746.
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The performance of a piezoelectric actuator for active noise cancellation depends primarily on the quality of the actuator material and its design approach, i.e., single-layer or multi-layer actuators, stacks, benders, or amplified actuators. In this paper, material selection and multiphysics modeling were performed to develop an optimal piezoelectric plate actuator for active noise cancellation. The material selection process was analyzed using two multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches for material selection, i.e., figure of merit (FOM) for actuators and the technique for order of performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Of the 12 state-of-the-art piezoelectric actuator materials considered in this article, PMN–28% PT is the best material according to TOPSIS analysis, while PbIn12Nb12O324%−PbMg13Nb13O3−PbTiO3 (PIN24%-PMN-PT) is the best material according to FOM analysis. The ranking of state-of-the-art piezoelectric material categories for actuators according to the two analysis is consistent and the category of monocrystalline piezoelectric materials has the highest actuation performance. The multiphysics modeling was performed using ANSYS Mechanical using two different approaches: one using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) command fragments, the other installing the PiezoAndMEMS ACT extension in ANSYS. Static structure, modal, and harmonic response analyses were performed to determine an optimal pair of piezoelectric plates to be used as an actuator for active noise cancellation. A pair of plates of the same materials, but of different dimensions turns out to be the optimal piezoelectric plate actuator for active noise reduction, according to the two multiphysics modeling methods.
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Wang, Wen, Jiahui Wang, Ruijin Wang, Zhanfeng Chen, Fuming Han, Keqing Lu, Chuanyong Wang, Zhenlong Xu, and Bingfeng Ju. "Modeling and Compensation of Dynamic Hysteresis with Force-Voltage Coupling for Piezoelectric Actuators." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111366.
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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in the field of micro- and nanopositioning due to their high frequency response, high stiffness, and high resolution. However, piezoelectric actuators have hysteresis nonlinearity, which severely affects their positioning accuracy. As the driving frequency increases, the performance of piezoelectric actuators further degrades. In addition, the impact of force on piezoelectric actuators cannot be ignored in practical applications. Dynamic hysteresis with force-voltage coupling makes the hysteresis phenomenon more complicated when force and driving voltage are both applied to the piezoelectric actuator. Existing hysteresis models are complicated, or inaccurate in describing dynamic hysteresis with force-voltage coupling. To solve this problem, a force-voltage-coupled Prandtl–Ishlinskii (FVPI) model is proposed in this paper. First, the influence of driving frequency and dynamic force on the output displacement of the piezoelectric actuators are analyzed. Then, the accuracy of the FVPI model is verified through experiments. Finally, a force integrated direct inverse (F-DI) compensator based on the FVPI model is designed. The experimental results from this study show that the F-DI compensator can effectively suppress dynamic hysteresis with force-voltage coupling of piezoelectric actuators. This model can improve the positioning accuracy of piezoelectric actuators, thereby improving the working accuracy of the micro- or nano-operating system.
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Shaikh, Abdul Aabid, Meftah Hriari, and Jaffar Syed Mohamed Ali. "Optimization of damage repair with piezoelectric actuators using the Taguchi method." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 18, no. 67 (December 17, 2023): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.67.10.
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Over the last two decades, piezoelectric actuators have emerged as a promising solution for structural repair. In this work, initially the stress intensity factor (SIF) estimation using the finite element (FE) approach at crack tips in aluminium 2024-T3 plates. Based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array the FE simulation has been conducted. Later, this study uses the optimization method via the design of experiments to systematically evaluate the effect of various dimensions and material qualities, especially under the conditions of Mode-I crack propagation. It also investigated the complex interaction of factors impacting adhesive bonds, piezoelectric actuators, and aluminium plates, The study not only analyses the parameter relationships but also examines their controls, identifying those best aligned with primary objectives. This sensitivity enhances the piezoelectric actuator's efficacy and quality. The research determines an optimal parameter combination, developing active repair performance and establishing an essential SIF benchmark. This research explores the complex world of piezoelectric actuator-assisted repairs, providing a road map for better structural rehabilitation.
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Fuentes Holden, J. P., L. Gan, D. Sims-Williams, J. Gilbert, P. Osborne, and M. Bastankhah. "Characterisation and Integration of Piezoelectric Trimorph Actuators for Blade Active Surface Control on a Scaled Wind Turbine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 9 (June 1, 2024): 092094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092094.
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Abstract The paper investigates the integration of piezoelectric bending actuators on trailing edge flaps (TEF). The characterisation of piezoelectric actuators is of great importance due to differences in performance resulting from sample variability, actuator construction, circuit type and equipment. For the application of trailing edge flaps in scaled turbines, the total deflection these actuators can produce determines the possible flap angles and, consequently, the potential effects on wake evolution downwind of the wind turbine. In this paper, we fully characterise the performance of the piezoelectric bending actuator under a variety of operating conditions. The bridged bi-polar circuit is used to drive the piezoelectric actuators with both a static and a dynamic signal. Deflection results demonstrate that the piezoelectric actuator is capable of achieving flap angles of β ± 3° with a static signal, and β = 2.3° and β = −3.2° angles with a dynamic signal. Experimental force measurements using a dynamic signal result in a force reduction of up to 33% when compared to a static signal. Force values at increasing frequencies do not show a depreciation in force. Additionally, initial aerodynamic loads exerted on TEF are presented based on XFoil simulations to ensure that the piezoelectric actuating force can overcome aerodynamic loads for future experiments. Experimental force measurements from the piezoelectric actuator demonstrate that aerodynamic forces can be overcome. This work serves as the first step towards implementing the TEF technology in lab-scaled wind turbine models.
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Ghosh, Bhaskar, Ravi K. Jain, S. Majumder, SS Roy, and Sumit Mukhopadhyay. "Experimental characterizations of bimorph piezoelectric actuator for robotic assembly." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 15 (January 13, 2017): 2095–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16685441.
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Piezoelectric actuator is one of the most versatile types of smart actuators, extensively used in different industrial applications like robotics, microelectromechanical systems, micro-assembly, biological cell handling, self-assembly, and optical component handling in photonics. By applying potential to a piezoelectric actuator, it can produce micro level deflection with large force generation, very fast response, and long-term actuation as compared to other actuators. The design and analysis of the bimorph piezoelectric cantilever using proportional–integral controller are carried out where the bimorph piezoelectric actuator is used as an active actuator for providing the dexterous behavior during robotic assembly. Characterization of bimorph piezoelectric actuator carried out by controlling voltage signal provides steady-state behavior which is verified by conducting experiments. A prototype of micro gripper is also developed which shows the potential of handling small lightweight objects for robotic assembly.
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Lee, Taik Min, Young Ho Seo, Kyung Hyun Whang, and Doo Sun Choi. "Study on the Lateral Piezoelectric Actuator with Actuation Range Amplifying Structure." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.289.
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A novel piezoelectric micro-actuator with actuating range amplification structure has been proposed. This actuator is unique in that the leverage type amplification structure enables large actuating movement with low voltage. In case of general piezoelectric thin film actuator, applied voltage is low and almost zero power is consumed. Its switching time is very fast in comparison with electrostatic actuators and thermal actuators. However, the most drawback of piezoelectric actuator is short actuating range. A 100μm length PZT actuator can only make movement of 100. In this research, we suggest an actuator which can provide geometric amplification of the PZT strain displacement in lateral direction. The lateral piezoelectric MEMS actuator was fabricated and its actuating range was measured. The actuator shows maximum lateral displacement of 1.1μm, and break-down-voltage of the thin film PZT actuator is above 16V.
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Wang, Wen, Fuming Han, Zhanfeng Chen, Ruijin Wang, Chuanyong Wang, Keqing Lu, Jiahui Wang, and Bingfeng Ju. "Modeling and Compensation for Asymmetrical and Dynamic Hysteresis of Piezoelectric Actuators Using a Dynamic Delay Prandtl–Ishlinskii Model." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010092.
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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in micro- and nano-manufacturing and precision machining due to their superior performance. However, there are complex hysteresis nonlinear phenomena in piezoelectric actuators. In particular, the inherent hysteresis can be affected by the input frequency, and it sometimes exhibits asymmetrical characteristic. The existing dynamic hysteresis model is inaccurate in describing hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators at high frequency. In this paper, a Dynamic Delay Prandtl–Ishlinskii (DDPI) model is proposed to describe the asymmetrical and dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric actuators. First, the shape of the Delay Play operator is discussed under two delay coefficients. Then, the accuracy of the DDPI model is verified by experiments. Next, to compensate the asymmetrical and dynamic hysteresis, the compensator is designed based on the Inverse Dynamic Delay Prandtl–Ishlinskii (IDDPI) model. The effectiveness of the inverse compensator was verified by experiments. The results show that the DDPI model can accurately describe the asymmetrical and dynamic hysteresis, and the compensator can effectively suppress the hysteresis of the piezoelectric actuator. This research will be beneficial to extend the application of piezoelectric actuators.
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Jones, Nicholas A., and Jason Clark. "Analytical Modeling and Simulation of S-Drive Piezoelectric Actuators." Actuators 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10050087.
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This paper presents a structural geometry for increasing piezoelectric deformation, which is suitable for both micro- and macro-scale applications. New and versatile microstructure geometries for actuators can improve device performance, and piezoelectric designs benefit from a high-frequency response, power density, and efficiency, making them a viable choice for a variety of applications. Previous works have presented piezoelectric structures capable of this amplification, but few are well-suited to planar manufacturing. In addition to this manufacturing difficulty, a large number of designs cannot be chained into longer elements, preventing them from operating at the macro-scale. By optimizing for both modern manufacturing techniques and composability, this structure excels as an option for a variety of macro- and micro-applications. This paper presents an analytical compact model of a novel dual-bimorph piezoelectric structure, and shows that this compact model is within 2% of a computer-distributed element model. Furthermore it compares the actuator’s theoretical performance to that of a modern actuator, showing that this actuator trades mechanical efficiency for compactness and weight savings.
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Ji, Hua-wei, Bo Lv, Yu-hui Li, Fan Yang, An-qi Qi, Xin Wu, and Jing Ni. "Design and research on tuning fork piezoelectric actuator based on stick-slip effect." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 065007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089052.
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Aiming at the problems of low output speed, large size, and difficult miniaturization of stacked and sandwich piezoelectric actuators, a patch-type tuning fork piezoelectric actuator model based on the stick-slip effect was designed, in which the dynamic theoretical analysis, the simulation optimization to determine the stator structure parameters, and the experimental research were carried out to obtain the stator structure parameters. The externally applied conditions (the influence model of excitation voltage, excitation frequency, and pre-pressure) on the performance output of piezoelectric actuators will promote the miniaturization and industrialization of tuning fork piezoelectric actuators in the next step. The simulation results show that the integrated output performance of the piezoelectric actuator is best when the angle of the tuning fork is 15°. After optimizing the stator chamfer to 2.5 and 4.5 mm, the tangential amplitude difference of the 15° tuning fork angle actuator is the smallest. The experimental results show that the output speed of the actuator is positively linearly related to the excitation voltage, the maximum output thrust is 8 N when the excitation voltage is 100 V, the excitation frequency is 20.1 kHz, the pre-pressure is 7.5 N, the phase difference of the excitation signal is π/2, and the output speed of the actuator can reach 116 mm/s.
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Bansevicius, Ramutis, Dalius Mazeika, Vytautas Jurenas, Genadijus Kulvietis, and Asta Drukteiniene. "Multi-DOF Ultrasonic Actuators for Laser Beam Positioning." Shock and Vibration 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4919505.
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A novel design concept of multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) piezoelectric actuator is introduced in the paper. The main idea is to connect two identical piezoelectric transducers by hyperelastic material in order to increase the total number of degrees-of-freedom of the system. Such design principle also allows to separate vibrations of two piezoelectric transducers and to control them independently. The ring- and cylinder-type piezoelectric transducers were used to design two multi-DOF ultrasonic actuators for precise laser beam positioning. Reflecting mirror is mounted on the top of the actuator and is preloaded by magnetic force. Both disc- and cylinder-type actuators can realize up to six degrees-of-freedom, i.e., to rotate the mirror about three axes employing one transducer and to position mirror in the plane by using another transducer. Bidirectional rotation and translation motion of the mirror are obtained by switching excitation signals between different electrodes of the transducers. Both the numerical simulation and physical prototype were used to verify operating principle of the actuators. Numerical investigation of the piezoelectric actuator was performed to investigate modal-frequency and harmonic response analysis while experimental study was performed to measure electrical and mechanical output characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator. A mathematical model of contacting force control was proposed, and numerical verification was performed when the mirror need to be rotated according to the specific motion trajectory.
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Uetsuji, Yasutomo, Hiroyuki Kuramae, Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya, and Hidetoshi Sakamoto. "Development of a New Piezoelectric Actuator with Slits." ISRN Materials Science 2013 (July 25, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/172054.
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A piezoelectric actuator was developed for fluid pumps in health monitoring systems. We devised a piezoelectric actuator with some slits, which allows the stretching and contracting deformation in in-plane direction and creates large deflection in out-of-plane direction. The static behaviors under uniform electric field have been analyzed by finite element method. And then, the optimum geometry of slits was searched by response surface methodology for unimorph and bimorph actuators to output the largest deflection under various fixed conditions. The computational results indicated that a bimorph actuator with cross-shaped slit under outside-fixed condition has superior performance for fluid pumps. The proposed slit-inserted actuators have been manufactured as an experiment. As a result, it was verified that the developed actuator can amplify the deflection compared with conventional nonslit actuators.
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Liu, Dongmei, Jingqu Dong, Shuai Guo, Li Tan, and Shuyou Yu. "Parameter Identification of Model for Piezoelectric Actuators." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051050.
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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in high-precision positioning systems. The nonlinear characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, such as multi-valued mapping and frequency-dependent hysteresis, severely limit the advancement of the positioning system’s accuracy. Therefore, a particle swarm genetic hybrid parameter identification method is proposed by combining the directivity of the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic random characteristics of the genetic algorithm. Thus, the global search and optimization abilities of the parameter identification approach are improved, and the problems, including the genetic algorithm’s poor local search capability and the particle swarm optimization algorithm’s ease of falling into local optimal solutions, are resolved. The nonlinear hysteretic model of piezoelectric actuators is established based on the hybrid parameter identification algorithm proposed in this paper. The output of the model of the piezoelectric actuator is in accordance with the real output obtained from the experiments, and the root mean square error is only 0.029423 μm. The experimental and simulation results show that the model of piezoelectric actuators established by the proposed identification method can describe the multi-valued mapping and frequency-dependent nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of piezoelectric actuators.
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Ramegowda, Prakasha Chigahalli, Daisuke Ishihara, Tomoya Niho, and Tomoyoshi Horie. "Performance Evaluation of Numerical Finite Element Coupled Algorithms for Structure–Electric Interaction Analysis of MEMS Piezoelectric Actuator." International Journal of Computational Methods 16, no. 07 (July 26, 2019): 1850106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218501062.
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This work presents multiphysics numerical analysis of piezoelectric actuators realized using the finite element method (FEM) and their performances to analyze the structure-electric interaction in three-dimensional (3D) piezoelectric continua. Here, we choose the piezoelectric bimorph actuator without the metal shim and with the metal shim as low-frequency problems and a surface acoustic wave device as a high-frequency problem. More attention is given to low-frequency problems because in our application micro air vehicle’s wings are actuated by piezoelectric bimorph actuators at low frequency. We employed the Newmark’s time integration and the central difference time integration to study the dynamic response of piezoelectric actuators. Monolithic coupling, noniterative partitioned coupling and partitioned iterative coupling schemes are presented. In partitioned iterative coupling schemes, the block Jacobi and the block Gauss–Seidel methods are employed. Resonance characteristics are very important in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) applications. Therefore, using our proposed coupled algorithms, the resonance characteristics of bimorph actuator is analyzed. Comparison of the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed numerical finite element coupled algorithms have been carried out for 3D structure–electric interaction problems of a piezoelectric actuator. The numerical results obtained by the proposed algorithms are in good agreement with the theoretical solutions.
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Khalatkar, Abhay M., Rakesh H. Haldkar, and V. K. Gupta. "Finite Element Analysis of Cantilever Beam for Optimal Placement of Piezoelectric Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4212.
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There is increasing demand for developing smart structures in various electronic and electromechanical systems during past two decades. The modeling analyzing and manufacturing of these small-scale components remained always a challenging job. Finite element capability available in commercial software package ANSYS makes it convenient to perform modeling and analyzing of these smart structures. In this study a 3-D finite element analysis for cantilever plate structure excited by patches of piezoelectric actuator is presented. To investigate the influence of actuator location and configuration of piezoelectric actuators attached to the plate structure in order to identify the optimal configuration of the actuators for selective excitation of the mode shapes of the cantilever plate structure. The finite element modeling based on ANSYS package using modal analysis and harmonic analysis is used in this study for cantilever plate structure excited by patch type of piezoelectric actuators of PZT-5A at different locations of same geometrical parameters on the cantilever beam. The results clearly indicate optimal locations and configuration of the piezoelectric actuator patches for achieving the excitation of plate modes. Consequently, the results indicate that effective active damping of structural vibration of the cantilever plate can be achieved by proper positioning of the piezoelectric actuator patches.
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Anjum, Asraar, Abdul Aabid Shaikh, and Meftah Hriari. "Analysis of damage control of thin plate with piezoelectric actuators using finite element and machine learning approach." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 17, no. 66 (September 27, 2023): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.66.06.
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In recent studies, piezoelectric actuators have been recognized as a practical and effective material for repairing cracks in thin-walled structures, such as plates that are adhesively bonded with piezoelectric patches due to their electromechanical effects. In this study, we used the finite element method through the ANSYS commercial code to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip of a cracked plate bonded with a piezoelectric actuator under a plane stress model. By running various simulations, we were able to examine the impact of different aspects that affect this component, such as the size and characteristics of the plate, actuator, and adhesive bond. To optimize performance, we utilized machine learning algorithms to examine how these characteristics affect the repair process. This study represents the first-time machine learning has been used to examine bonded PZT actuators in damaged structures, and we found that it had a significant impact on the current problem. As a result, we were able to determine which of these parameters were most helpful in achieving our goal and which ones should be adjusted to improve the actuator's quality and reduce significant time and costs.
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Huang, Yu, Yue Xia, Dian Lin, and Leong-Chew Lim. "High-Bending-Stiffness Connector (HBSC) and High-Authority Piezoelectric Actuator (HAPA) Made of Such." Actuators 7, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7030061.
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High-authority piezoelectric actuator (HAPA) is a term used to describe high-performance piezoelectric actuators of relatively large displacement (≥50 μm) and high blocking force (≥100 N), but compact in size. One such piezoelectric actuator is described in this paper, which is made possible by means of high-bending-stiffness connector (HBSC) that connects multiple commercial piezoceramic stacks into a stable 2- (or multi-) level actuation configuration. Key design requirements for the HBSC are described. Computer simulation results and experimental verification are presented. A HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator was fabricated from such a HBSC, in which there are two commercial PZT stacks projecting upwards in the upper level and two projecting downwards in the lower lever, all of 5 × 5 mm2 in cross-section and 40 mm in length. The HAPA-(2 + 2) actuator prototype displays about twice the overall stroke and blocking force of individual stacks, being about 90 μm and >1600 N, respectively. This compares favorably with lever-arm, flextensional, and telescopic actuators, of which the blocking force is adversely affected. Using a similar concept, HBSCs and HAPAs of other designs are presented. In addition to being stand-alone actuators, the HAPAs can be used as the active material to drive existing displacement amplification schemes to produce piezoelectric actuators of exceptional performance characteristics.
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Chang, Lien Kai, and Mi Ching Tsai. "Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Actuator for Precision Positioning Applications." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.224.
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Recent advances in measurement systems require positioning systems with high stiffness, accuracy and speed. Piezoelectric actuators which are featured with mechanical simplicity, quick response, and electromagnetic immunity, are often used in precision positioning. It is known that piezoelectric actuators can achieve high positioning accuracy by the stepping mode but low speed. By contrast, the resonance vibration mode will offer high positioning speed, but sacrifices the high inherent position resolution. For the stepping mode, the displacement of the piezoelectric actuator significantly affects the speed, of which larger displacement induces higher speed. For the resonance vibration mode, an elliptical motion of the piezoelectric actuator tip is generated by horizontal and vertical eigenmodes, and the optimal efficiency can be achieved when the two eigenmodes are operated at the same frequency. For the applications of high positioning accuracy and speed, a piezoelectric actuator should be designed by taking these two operation modes into consideration simultaneously. Based on these requirements, the optimal structural dimensions of a piezoelectric actuator are obtained using a genetic algorithm.
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Yang, Rui, Xiao Shun Liu, and Hao Yi Ren. "Research on Simulation and Experiment for Piezoelectric Smart Structures." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2039.
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Interdigitated electrodes piezo-actuator has been widely applied in smart structures. Based on the analogy between the equation of inverse piezoelectric effect and piezoelectric strain decomposition, the driving voltage is simulated for mechanical load in this paper. Firstly, stress simulation method of piezoelectric actuators can be employed to the static displacement of piezoelectric cantilever beam and wing-box structure. Then, a modified coefficient is needed to modify the ferroelectric properties of the high voltage of the interdigitated electrodes piezoelectric composite materials. Finally, the experimental results indicate that stress simulation method of piezoelectric actuators is valid, and it can accurately simulate deformation of piezoelectric smart structures. The Error is little, which meets simulation requirements.
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Liu, Yonggang, Shuliang Zhang, Aoke Zeng, and Pengfei Yan. "Finite Element Analysis and Polarization Test of IDEs Piezoelectric Actuator." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020154.
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A new type of actuator is presented in the paper that integrates the IDEs into a conventional piezoelectric sheet. The electrodes and polarization play a key role in the strain. Adopting constitutive equations of piezoelectric theory and variation principles in elasticity theory, the piezoelectric component dynamic equation was deduced. Several finite element models of the IDEs piezoelectric actuator were established in ANSYS. The effect of branch electrodes on the strain of the actuator was analyzed. The results show that the strain can be bigger than that of the conventional piezoelectric sheet by decreasing the gap and increasing the width of electrodes. According to the FEM result, some IDEs piezoelectric actuators were prepared. The distribution of the static electric field inside the actuator was researched to determine the polarization voltage. The 2671 high voltage power and DU-20 temperature-controlled oil bath was applied to explore the polarization process. The effect of the voltage, time and temperature on the strain of the actuator was researched by a TF2000 and SIOS laser interferometer. The results show that the optimum polarization is 800 V, for 60 min and at 150 °C. The strain of the IDEs piezoelectric actuator is 1.87 times that of the conventional piezoelectric actuator. The actuators could prove to be helpful applications for micro-nano devices.
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Liu, Yan Mei, Zhen Chen, Xue Zheng Zhuang, and Zhao Hui Liu. "Modeling and Control with Hysteresis of Piezoelectric Smart Materials Actuators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1426.
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Hysteresis hinders the effective use of piezoelectric smart materials in sensors and actuators. This paper proposes a hybrid model that can precisely portray hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators, which is constructed by a preisach operator with a piecewise uniform density function. Then, the corresponding inverse model for hysteresis is developed. It studies online recursive identification of hysteresis drift. Based on the obtained models, a method for simultaneous compensation of the hysteresis of piezoelectric actuator is applied to the control of system nonlinearities. Simulation and experimental results based on an IPMC actuator are provided to illustrate the proposed approach. The result verified the validity of the model and effectiveness of the controller.
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ZAMAN, MOSTAFA, ZHI YAN, and LIYING JIANG. "THERMAL EFFECT ON THE BENDING BEHAVIOR OF CURVED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 02, no. 04 (December 2010): 787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825110000755.
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This paper provides a study of the bending behavior of a circularly curved functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever actuator under an applied electric load and heat conduction. As a special case, the curved piezoelectric actuator is assumed to have graded property for the piezoelectric parameter g31 only in the thickness direction, which is expanded by Taylor series. Based on the theory of linear piezoelectricity, the analytical formulations are developed by introducing the Airy stress function. Numerical simulations are made to show the effects of material gradient and heat conduction on the bending behavior of the actuators. It is found that the electroelastic field of the curved actuator is significantly influenced by the thermal load. The results will be very helpful for the design and optimization of curved functionally graded piezoelectric actuators when these devices experience heat transfer.
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Lin, Dian-Hua, Yuexue Xia, Jia-Hao Koh, Fang-Chih Lim, and Leong-Chew Lim. "New “HAPA”, “FTA”, and “HD-FTA” Piezoelectric Actuators." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08507.
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“HAPA” stands for High-Authority Piezoelectric Actuator, which describes high-performance piezoelectric actuators of large stroke and blocking force. “HAPAs” are made possible by high-bending-stiffness connectors that connect multiple units of piezoceramic stacks into a 2-level actuation structure. Present HAPA actuators are fitted with commercial piezoceramic stacks. For instance, a “HAPA-(2+2)” comprises 4 lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stacks, 2 in the upper level with displacement projecting upward and 2 in the lower level with displacement projecting downward. They not only double the axial displacement of individual stacks with only fractional increase in device length but also are of 1.5 to 3 larger blocking force depending on the actual design. “FTA” stands for Flextensional Actuator, in which the horizontal extensional displacement of PZT stacks is amplified to yield much larger contractional vertical displacement via a diamond-shaped elastic frame structure. A range of new FTAs has been developed by us using single or multiple units of PZT stacks, of which the performances are described in this work. “HD-FTA” stands for HAPA-Driven Flextensional Actuator, in which HAPA piezoelectric actuators are used as the motor section to drive diamond-shaped elastic members of various designs for further displacement amplification. Several HD-FTAs, driven by a HAPA-(2+2) actuator, have been developed. Compared with standard FTAs of comparable stroke, HD-FTAs display a higher working load but of smaller overall length. “HAPA”, “FTA”, and “HD-FTA” piezoelectric actuators find applications when a smaller actuator length is advantageous in addition to the required moderate-to-large displacement and working load.
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Rabih, Almur A. S., Mohammad Kazemi, Michaël Ménard, and Frederic Nabki. "Aluminum Nitride Out-of-Plane Piezoelectric MEMS Actuators." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030700.
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Integrating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators with low-loss suspended silicon nitride waveguides enables the precise alignment of these waveguides to other photonic integrated circuits (PICs). This requires both in-plane and out-of-plane actuators to ensure high-precision optical alignment. However, most current out-of-plane electrostatic actuators are bulky, while electrothermal actuators consume high power. Thus, piezoelectric actuators, thanks to their moderate actuation voltages and low power consumption, could be used as alternatives. Furthermore, piezoelectric actuators can provide displacements in two opposite directions. This study presents a novel aluminum nitride-based out-of-plane piezoelectric MEMS actuator equipped with a capacitive sensing mechanism to track its displacement. This actuator could be integrated within PICs to align different chips. Prototypes of the device were tested over the range of ±60 V, where they provided upward and downward displacements, and achieved a total average out-of-plane displacement of 1.30 ± 0.04 μm. Capacitance measurement showed a linear relation with the displacement, where at −60 V, the average change in capacitance was found to be −13.10 ± 0.89 fF, whereas at 60 V the change was 11.09 ± 0.73 fF. This study also investigates the effect of the residual stress caused by the top metal electrode, on the linearity of the displacement–voltage relation. The simulation predicts that the prototype could be modified to accommodate waveguide routing above it without affecting its performance, and it could also incorporate in-plane lateral actuators.
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Nandi, A., S. Neogy, S. Bhaduri, and H. Irretier. "Vibration Attenuation by a Combination of a Piezoelectric Stack and a Permanent Magnet." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 4 (2012): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/358953.
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The present work proposes a non-contact vibration attenuator made up of a permanent magnet mounted on a piezoelectric stack. Two such actuators are made to work simultaneously in a 'twin-actuator' configuration. It is conceived that a controlled change in the gap between the actuator and the structure is capable of attenuation of vibration of the structure. This appropriate change in gap is achieved by controlled motion of the piezoelectric stacks. It is shown that the actuator works as an active damper when the extension and contraction of the actuators are made proportional to the velocity of the beam. The resolution of extension of a piezoelectric stack is in the order of nanometers. Thus in the proposed actuator the force of actuation can be applied with great precision. This actuator is also attractive for its simple constructional feature.
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Lee, Jae Hoon, Bum Soo Yoon, Ji-Won Park, Gunho Song, and Kwang Joon Yoon. "Flexural Deflection Prediction of Piezo-Composite Unimorph Actuator Using Material Orthotropy and Nonlinearity of Piezoelectric Material Layer." Coatings 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050437.
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Layered piezo-composite unimorph actuators have been studied by many research teams to provide active vibration control of thin-walled aerospace structures, control the shapes of aircraft wing airfoils, and control the fins of small missiles, because they require less space and provide better frequency responses than conventional electro-magnetic motor actuator systems. However, due to the limited actuation strains of conventional piezo-composite unimorph actuators with poly-crystalline piezoelectric ceramic layers, they have not been implemented effectively as actuators for small aerospace vehicles. In this study, a lightweight piezo-composite unimorph actuator (LIPCA-S2) was manufactured and analyzed to predict its flexural actuation displacement. It was found that the actuated tip displacement of a piezo-composite cantilever could be predicted accurately using the proposed prediction model based on the nonlinear properties of the piezoelectric strain coefficient and elastic modulus of a piezoelectric single crystal.
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Tzou, H. S., and C. I. Tseng. "Distributed Modal Identification and Vibration Control of Continua: Piezoelectric Finite Element Formulation and Analysis." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896438.
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“Smart” continua with integrated sensor/actuator for structural identification and control have drawn much attention in recent years due to the rapid development of high-performance “smart” structures. The continua are distributed and flexible in nature. Thus, distributed dynamic measurement and active vibration control are of importance to their high-demanding performance. In this paper, continua (shells or plates) integrated with distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators are studied using a finite element technique. A new piezoelectric finite element with internal degrees of freedom is derived. Two control algorithms, namely, constant gain feedback control and Lyapunov control, are implemented. Structural identification and control of a plate model with distributed piezoelectric sensor/actuator is studied. Distributed modal voltage and control effectiveness of mono and biaxially polarized piezoelectric actuators are evaluated.
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Yang, Xiaofeng, Jinyan Tang, Wenxin Guo, Hu Huang, Haoyin Fan, Jiahui Liu, and Tao Li. "Design and Analysis of a Stepping Piezoelectric Actuator Free of Backward Motion." Actuators 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10080200.
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Although the stick-slip principle has been widely employed for designing piezoelectric actuators, there still exits an intrinsic drawback, i.e., the backward motion, which significantly affects its output performances and applications. By analyzing the generation mechanism of backward motion in stick-slip piezoelectric actuators, the elliptical trajectory was employed to design a novel stepping piezoelectric actuator free of backward motion. Accordingly, a prototype of piezoelectric actuator was designed, which utilized a flexure hinge mechanism and two vertically arranged piezoelectric stacks to generate the required elliptical trajectory. The compliance matrix method was used to theoretically analyze the flexure hinge mechanism. The theoretical and measured elliptical trajectories under various phase differences were compared, and the phase difference of 45° was selected accordingly. Under a critical relative gap, output performances of the actuator working under the elliptical trajectory were characterized, and then compared with that obtained under the normal stick-slip driving principle. Experimental results indicated that forward and reverse stepping displacement with completely suppressed backward motion could be achieved when employing the elliptical trajectory, verifying its feasibility. This study provides a new strategy for designing a stepping piezoelectric actuator free of backward motion.
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Xie, Xin, Shi Xun Fan, Da Peng Fan, and Hua Liu. "A Piezo/Gear Compound Drive: Principles Analysis and Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.346.
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Increasing demands regarding the light-weight, high-torque and high-precision actuator are inducing the need for new actuators and new drive principles. This paper introduces a novel principle for transforming the linear motion of high performance piezoelectric actuators into continuous rotation is implemented by two piezoelectric actuators acting on a driving gear covering a driven gear with a slightly smaller diameter. By driving the piezoelectric actuators, the driving gear is energized to move on a circular trajectory around the driven gear which is thereby slowly rotated. Firstly, the structure and driving mechanism is introduced. Secondly, transmission ratio, the demand driving force and displacement are analyzed theoretically and by the means of simulation analysis. Finally, the bottlenecks of mechanism design and machining are presented. Some instructive reference for the structure design of Piezo/Gear compound drive is provided.
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Wu, Jinxing, Tielin Li, Rong Yan, and Hong Li. "Calibration technique for airborne vibration sensors based on actuators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2741, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2741/1/012029.
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Abstract Addressing the challenge of in-situ calibration for onboard vibration sensors in aircraft installations, we propose an online calibration method based on actuators. Leveraging the inverse piezoelectric effect, we employ piezoelectric actuators mounted on the vibration sensors to calibrate vibration signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the influence of the actuator on the energy transfer of the measured sensor’s vibration signal during the calibration process can be negligible, meeting the calibration accuracy requirements of onboard vibration sensors. Through validation experiments, we determine the excitation coefficients of the actuators at different frequencies, subsequently obtaining the sensitivity of the vibration sensors equipped with actuators. The results reveal that within the frequency range, the relative error of sensitivity remains within ±3%, satisfying the relevant calibration requirements. Therefore, the actuator-based online calibration technique offers an efficient means of calibrating onboard vibration sensors, carrying significant practical value.
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Chen, Xue Song, Xin Chen, Xin Du Chen, and Ming Sheng Yang. "Adaptive Identification and Control of Hysteresis in Piezoelectric Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.129.
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Smart actuators, such as piezoceramic actuators, magnetostrictive actuators, and shape memory alloy actuators are widely used in applications of micrositioning and vibration control. Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators having the characteristic of infinitely small displacement resolution are popularly applied as actuators in precision positioning systems. However, the tracking control accuracy of the precision positioning systems is difficultly achieved because of its nonlinear hysteresis effect. Hence, it is important to take hysteresis effect into consideration for improving the trajectory tracking performance. In this paper, in order to capture the hysteresis nonlinearity in the PZT actuators, the Hammerstein model is put to use. The fuzzy control algorithm is used to identify the weighing values. The adaptive inverse controller based on adaptive fuzzy inference is used to track the PZT actuator. We firstly identify the weighting values of the Hammerstein model in situ using the multi-mode fuzzy control algorithm based on the error between reference displacement and actual displacement of the actuator, and then calculate the weighting values and threshold values of the Hammerstein model. Finally, we obtain the feed-forward input voltage. The stability of the controller in the presence of the estimated state is demonstrated. The experimental results show the performance is effectively improved under the intelligent control method.
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Cao, Kai, Renyuan Xie, Jianmin Zhou, Xiaowei Zhang, Jingji Wang, and Shuang Li. "Optimizing the Location of the Piezoelectric Actuator and Analyzing Its Effect on the Dynamics of Asymmetric Flexible Spacecraft." Aerospace 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10080716.
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To address the challenge of optimizing the placement of actuators on an asymmetric spacecraft continuum system, this paper develops a rigid–flexible electromechanical coupling dynamic model that integrates the interactions among rigidity, flexibility, and electromechanical coupling effects. The model is constructed using ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations (ODE–PDEs) and considers the effects of the installation position and physical characteristics (mass and stiffness) of the piezoelectric (PZT) actuator on an asymmetric flexible spacecraft continuum system. The proposed model aims to accurately capture the complex interactions among the rigid body, flexible appendages, and PZT actuators. Based on the developed model, the installation location of the actuators is optimized using a genetic algorithm with a hybrid optimization criterion. In the numerical simulations, the proposed optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal installation position for the actuators. Then, the influence of the actuator’s physical characteristics and installation position on the dynamic properties of the spacecraft and the performance of the control system is investigated. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the optimization algorithm can effectively identify the appropriate actuator installation location for the desired application. Utilizing the actuator with the optimized position allows for effective vibration suppression while consuming less energy.
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Liu, Yonggang, Aoke Zeng, Shuliang Zhang, Ruixiang Ma, and Zhe Du. "An Experimental Investigation on Polarization Process of a PZT-52 Tube Actuator with Interdigitated Electrodes." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101760.
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The manipulator is the key component of the micromanipulator. Using the axial expansion and contraction properties, the piezoelectric tube can drive the manipulator to achieve micro-motion positioning. It is widely used in scanning probe microscopy, fiber stretching and beam scanning. The piezoceramic tube actuator used to have continuous electrodes inside and outside. It is polarized along the radial direction. There are relatively high polarization voltages, but poor axial mechanical properties. A new tubular actuator is presented in this paper by combining interdigitated electrodes and piezoceramic tubes. The preparation, polarization and mesoscopic mechanical properties were investigated. Using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-52) as a substrate, the preparation process of interdigitated electrodes by screen printing was studied. For initial polarization voltage determination, the local characteristic model of the actuator was extracted and the electric field was analyzed by a finite element method. By measuring the actuator’s axial displacement, we measured the actuator’s polarization effect. Various voltages, times and temperatures were evaluated to determine how polarization affects the actuator’s displacement. Optimal polarization conditions are 800 V, 60 min and 150 °C, with a maximum displacement of 0.88 μm generated by a PZT-52 tube actuator with interdigitated electrodes. PZT-52 tube actuators with a continuous electrode cannot be polarized under these conditions. The maximum displacement is 0.47 μm after polarization at 4 kV. Based on the results, the new actuator has a more convenient polarization process and a greater axial displacement from an application standpoint. It provides technical guidance for the preparation and polarization of the piezoceramic tube actuator. There is potential for piezoelectric tubular actuators to be used in a broader range of applications.
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Guo, Yazi, Yuchuan Zhu, Yuyang Li, Shangshu Fei, Bin Zhu, Xinbin Zhang, and Xiaolu Wang. "Model and experimental research of a hybrid self-contained electro-hydrostatic actuator using piezoelectric stack." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 7 (October 9, 2017): 1348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17733329.
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Smart material–based electro-hydrostatic actuators are a potential alternative to traditional hydraulic actuators. Piezoelectric materials are a type of smart materials that can deliver large blocked forces. In this article, a piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator is first introduced by presenting the schematic diagrams of its structure and work principle. Next, according to the research of the piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator working principle, a mathematical model that can describe the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator was established. The output displacement model of the piezoelectric stack–based actuator was established based on the improved asymmetric Bouc–Wen model. The simulation model was built in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, experiments under different working conditions were conducted, as well as the corresponding simulations. The experimental results demonstrate that the prototype no-load output flow reaches its maximum at 275 Hz and the output flow peak is close to 1.6 L/min. Moreover, the load capacity is more than 20 kg and the maximum load is more than 50 kg according to the trend forecast. The simulation results exhibit good agreement with the experimental results, which means that the piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator model is feasible.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Trung, and Kwang Joon Yoon. "A Study on the Actuating Performance of Unimorph Piezoelectric Actuators with a Center Load." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1411.
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Research on piezoelectric unimorph actuators has been intensively increased during the past decade due to the wide applications of this actuator type in aerospace, vibration control, biomimetic robots, artificial muscles… Most analyses focused on the design performance with load-free actuating condition. Loading performance has not been considered adequately yet though in real application the actuators always work under certain carrying load. This paper introduces the measuring system, the experimental setup and presents the observed loading performance of the actuators with center load. Two typical kinds of piezoelectric unimorph actuator, LIPCA-C3 and THUNDER, are investigated. The numerical analyses are also conducted to illustrate the loading behavior of these devices. Some remarks and suggestions for future research activities are drawn.