Academic literature on the topic 'Piezo-electric components'
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Journal articles on the topic "Piezo-electric components"
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Tamburrano, Paolo, Andrew R. Plummer, Pietro De Palma, Elia Distaso, and Riccardo Amirante. "A Novel Servovalve Pilot Stage Actuated by a Piezo-electric Ring Bender: A Numerical and Experimental Analysis." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030671.
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Electrohydraulic servovalves are widely used for precise motion control in aerospace and other industries due to their high accuracy and speed of response. However, commercial two-stage servovalves have several undesirable characteristics, such as the power consumption caused by the quiescent flow (internal leakage) in the pilot stage, and the complexity and high number of parts of the torque motor assembly, which affect the cost and the speed of manufacture. The solution to these problems can help to reduce costs, weight and power consumption, and enhance the reliability and reproducibility as well as the performance of these valves. For these reasons, this paper proposes a novel configuration for the pilot stage: it is composed of two normally closed two-way two-position (2/2) valves actuated by two piezo-electric ring benders; the opening and closing of the two piezo-valves can generate a differential pressure to be used to control the displacement of the main spool. In this way, there is negligible quiescent flow when the main stage is at rest; in addition, the torque motor and all its components are removed. To assess the performance of this novel pilot stage concept, a prototype of the piezo-valve has been constructed and tested. The experimental results indicate that the response speed of the new piezo-valve is very high. Furthermore, a numerical model is employed to show that, by adjusting specific parameters, the performance of the piezo-valve can be further improved, so that the valve can be fully opened or closed in less than 5 ms.
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Ozaki, Takashi, and Norikazu Ohta. "Power-Efficient Driver Circuit for Piezo Electric Actuator with Passive Charge Recovery." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112866.
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Piezoelectric actuation is a promising principle for insect-scaled robots. A major concern while utilizing a piezoelectric actuator is energy loss due to its parasitic capacitance. In this paper, we propose a new concept to recover the charge stored in the parasitic capacitance; it requires only three additional lightweight passive components: two diodes and a resistor. The advantages of our concept are its small additional mass and simple operating procedure compared with existing charge recovery circuits. We provided a guideline for selecting a resistor using a simplified theoretical model and found that half of the charge can be recovered by employing a resistor that has a resistance sufficiently larger than the forward resistance of the additional diode. In addition, we experimentally demonstrated the concept. With a capacitive load (as a replacement for the piezoelectric actuator), it was successfully observed that the proposed concept decreased the power consumption to 58% of that in a circuit without charge recovery. Considering micro aerial vehicle (MAV) applications, we measured the lift-to-power efficiency of a flapping wing piezoelectric actuator by applying the proposed concept. The lift force was not affected by charge recovery; however, the power consumption was reduced. As a result, the efficiency was improved to 30.0%. We expect that the proposed circuit will contribute to the advancement of energy-saving microrobotics.
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Poongkothai, Jeyaraman, Samydurai Mahesh, and Rajendran Selvamani. "Modeling and Assessment of Rotation and Gravity in a Piezoelectric Viscothermoelastic Multilayered Composite LEMV / CFRP Cylinder." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080414.
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A mathematical model is developed to analysis the effects of gravitational force and rotation in a composite multilayered hollow cylinder which contain inner and outer piezo-thermoelasticity layers bonded by Linear Elastic Material with Voids (LEMV) is performed within the frame of dual-phase-lag model. The equation of displacement components, temperature, and electric are obtained using linear theory of elasticity. The dispersion equations are derived based on traction free boundary conditions and are numerically examined for CdSe material. The enumerated frequency, thermal and electrical nature against wave number is presented graphically. Adhesive layer LEMV is compared with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in the presence of gravity and rotation.
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Lee, Min-Ku, Seung-Ho Han, Kyu-Hyun Park, Jin-Ju Park, Whung-Whoe Kim, Won-Ju Hwang, and Gyoung-Ja Lee. "Design Optimization of Bulk Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor for Enhanced Performance." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153360.
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While seeking to achieve high performances of a bulk piezoelectric acceleration sensor, we investigated the behavior of the design variables of the sensor components and optimized the sensor design using a numerical simulation based on piezoelectric analysis and metamodeling. The optimized results demonstrated that there was an exponential dependency in the trade-off relation between two performance indicators, the electric voltage and the resonant frequency, as induced by the design characteristics of the sensor. Among the design variables, a decrease in the base height and epoxy thickness and an increase in the piezo element’s inner diameter had a positive effect on two performances, while the head dimensions (diameter and height) exhibited the opposite effect on them. The optimal sensor designs are proposed within the valid range of resonant frequency (25–47.5 kHz). Our redesign of a commercial reference sensor improved the resonant frequency by 13.2% and the electric voltage by 46.1%.
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Brenneis, Matthias, and Peter Groche. "Integration of Piezoceramic Tube under Prestress into a Load Carrying Structure." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.651.
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Smart structures consisting of a load carrying structure and smart materials with actuatory and sensory capabilities feature high potential in numerous applications. However, to master the assembly conditions of smart structures, there is a need to integrate additional design parameters such as prestress of the smart material, critical loads and electric contacting as well as insulation into the process development. This paper focusses on the design of an incremental bulk forming process to integrate piezoceramic components into an aluminum tube simultaneously to the manufacturing process. Axial forces imposed on the piezoceramic are investigated numerically and experimentally to verify the design of critical components and the process control. Within this investigation, in situ measurement of the direct piezoelectric effect provides a method to validate the numerical design with regard to failure of the piezo tube and the functional properties of the overall structure.
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Zhang, Bin, Benjamin Ducharne, Bhaawan Gupta, Gael Sebald, Daniel Guyomar, and Jun Gao. "Experimental sea wave energy extractor based on piezoelectric Ericsson cycles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 6 (September 26, 2017): 1102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17730917.
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Recycling ambient energies with electric generators instead of employing batteries with limited lifespans has motivated a large scientist community over two decades. Sea waves exhibit a large energy density. The amount of energy that could be extracted from the sea waves is very high. This work describes a technique of sea wave energy extraction based on a piezoelectric conversion and an analogy with thermodynamic Ericsson loops. By synchronizing external electric field to the maximum and the minimum of the sea wave mechanical stress excitations, the piezoelectric material dielectric hysteresis loop area is increased corresponding to the maximum of the energy available. In this article, technical solutions are proposed for the in site deployment of the proposed technique (maximum and minimum detection, external electric field source synchronization). Experimental measuring benches have been developed to monitor the sea wave mechanical excitation and to determine precisely the energy-harvesting potential. Adequate dielectric hysteresis model is proposed to numerically determine the best configuration (frequency, amplitude) of electric field to impose. Even if the Ericsson technique requires external electronic devices, the weak consumption of such components allows a large enhancement of the amount of energy extracted compared to a basic piezo element conversion.
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Riches, S. T., I. White, G. Rickard, and G. Chadwick. "Implementation of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Control Electronics to Accelerometers for High Temperature Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, HITEN (January 1, 2011): 000233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hiten-paper5-sriches.
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The requirement to install control systems integrated with sensors in high temperature environments has posed a challenge to the traditional limit of 125°C for conventional electronics. There is a need to operate at temperatures of 200°C and above in restricted space for example in down-well, aero-engine or geothermal applications in combination with high pressures, vibrations and potentially corrosive environments. Piezo-electric accelerometers based on ferro-electric ceramics have been used in a wide range of applications for measuring vibrations, fluid flow and turbulence and are capable of operating as a transducer alone at temperatures up to 250°C, which has made them attractive in sensing applications for down-well drilling and aero-engine health and usage monitoring. However, the electronics traditionally used to carry out the signal conditioning and processing (e.g. charge to voltage conversion, filtering) has been limited to a qualification limit of 125°C, which results in a reduced sensitivity of the transducer output as the signal conditioning and processing cannot be performed close to the sensor. With the development of Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) semiconductor technology, which can operate at temperatures of up to 250°C, many of the signal conditioning and processing operations can be carried out in-situ with the accelerometers to create a new generation of high temperature products. In addition, the integration of many of the functions that used to require discrete components into one SOI based device has led to further miniaturisation opportunities and a protection against obsolescence of specialist analogue devices. This paper will describe the migration of the traditional low temperature electronics to a high temperature SOI based ASIC device and the implementation of high temperature electronics packaging technology to instrumentation for piezo-electric accelerometers, leading to products that are suitable for high temperature monitoring in restricted spaces in down-well drilling and aero-engine applications.
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Li, R., and G. A. Kardomateas. "The Mode III Interface Crack in Piezo-Electro-Magneto-Elastic Dissimilar Bimaterials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 73, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2073328.
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The mode III interface crack problem is investigated for dissimilar piezo-electro-magneto-elastic bimaterial media, taking the electro-magnetic field inside the crack into account. Closed form solutions are derived for impermeable and permeable cracks. The conventional singularity of r−1∕2 is found for the fields at the distance r ahead of the interface crack tip. Expressions for extended crack tip stress fields and crack opening displacements (ECODs) are derived explicitly, and so are some fracture parameters, such as extended stress intensity factors (ESIFs) and energy release rate (G) for dissimilar bimaterials. An approach called the “energy method,” finding the stationary point of the saddle surface of energy release rate with respect to the electro-magnetic field inside the crack, is proposed. By this method, the components of the induced electro-magnetic field inside the crack are determined, and the results are in exact agreement with those in the literature if the two constituents of the bimaterial media are identical. The effects from mechanical and electro-magnetic property mismatches, such as differences in the stiffness, electric permittivity and magnetic permeability, between the two constituents of the bimedia on the mode III interface crack propagation are illustrated by numerical simulations. The results show that the applied electric and magnetic loading usually retard the growth of the interface crack and the directions of the combined mechanical, electric, and magnetic loading have a significant influence on the mode III interface crack propagation.
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WANG, YANZHONG, and BIN WEI. "MIXED-MODAL DISK GAS SQUEEZE FILM THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 25 (September 12, 2013): 1350168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501683.
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In order to investigate the gas squeeze film characteristics with mixed-modal disk excitation, an actuator with piezo-electric components is designed. Experiments show that different modal shapes of the disk are excited along with the changes of the actuator excitation frequency. The amplitude of the modal shape can reach the same order of magnitude as the squeeze film thickness, so the modal effects on the squeeze film characteristics cannot be ignored. In this paper, the simulating and fitting of the exciting disk modal shapes were finished by ANSYS and MATLAB. The actual film thickness equation was amended by the modal shape fitting curve. The gas film characteristic can be obtained by solving the Reynolds equation which is coupled with film thickness and motion equation. In this study, finite element simulation and differential numerical calculation results provided a good guidance to the piezoelectric actuator design.
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Andreaus, U., F. Dell’Isola, and M. Porfiri. "Piezoelectric Passive Distributed Controllers for Beam Flexural Vibrations." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 5 (May 2004): 625–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304038224.
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Recent technological developments have made available efficient bender transducers based on the piezoelectric effect. In this paper an electrical circuit analog to the Timoshenko beam is synthesized using a Lagrangian method and by paralleling capacitive flux linkages to rotation and transverse displacement. A Piezo-ElectroMechanical (PEM) beam is conceived by uniformly distributing piezoelectric transducers on a beam and interconnecting their electric terminals via the found analog circuit, completed with suitable resistors. The high performance features of the synthesized novel circuit include the following. (i) The circuit topology is extremely reduced, the used components are all but one two-terminal elements, and the only two-port network needed is an ideal transformer. (ii) One and the same dissipative circuit ensures a multiresonance coupling with the vibrating beam and the optimal electrical dissipation of mechanical vibrations energy. (iii) For a prototype of a PEM beam, the design of the analog circuit is possible and the obtained nominal values of the circuital elements ensure that can be technically realized without any external feeding. The insertion of resistors in the analog circuit is determined according to two optimality criteria (namely minimization of strain energy time envelope and maximization of vibration time rate decay), based on specific engineering needs. The former seems to be suitable for applications in fatigue phenomena and the latter when the amplitude of vibrations must be rapidly decreased, independently of the initial conditions.
Book chapters on the topic "Piezo-electric components"
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Newnham, Robert E. "Piezoelectricity." In Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0014.
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The prefix “piezo” (pronounced pie-ease-o) comes from the Greek word for pressure or mechanical force. Piezoelectricity refers to the linear coupling between mechanical stress and electric polarization (the direct piezoelectric effect) or between mechanical strain and applied electric field (the converse piezoelectric effect). The equivalence between the direct and converse effects was established earlier using thermodynamic arguments (Section 6.2). The principal piezoelectric coefficient, d, relates polarization, P, to stress, X, in the direct effect (P = dX) and strain, x, to electric field E (x = dE). Thus the units of d are [C/N] or [m/V] which are equivalent to one another. Typical sizes for useful piezoelectric materials range from about 1 pC/N for quartz crystals to about 1000 pC/N for PZT (lead zirconate titanate) ceramics. To understand how the piezoelectric effect varies with direction and how it is affected by symmetry, it is necessary to determine how piezoelectric coefficients transform between coordinate systems. Since polarization is a vector and stress a second rank tensor, the physical property relating these two variables must involve three directions: . . . Pj = djklXkl . . . . In the new coordinate system . . . P'i = aijPj = aijdjklXkl . . . . Transforming the stress to the new coordinate system gives . . . P'i= aijdjklamkanlX'mn = d'imnX 'mn. . . . Thus piezoelectricity transforms as a polar third rank tensor. . . . d'imn = aijamkanldjkl . . . . In general there are 33 = 27 tensor components, but because the stress tensor is symmetric (Xij = Xji), only 18 of the components are independent. Therefore the piezoelectric effect can be described by a 6 × 3 matrix.
Conference papers on the topic "Piezo-electric components"
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Schaffus, T., H. Pfaff, P. Albert, M. Schaffus, F. Kroninger, J. Krumschmidt, D. Debie, W. Breuer, and W. Mack. "Influence of Sample Preparation on Intrinsic Stress Inside a Model Chip—Comparison of Results from Electric Read-Out and Raman Spectroscopy." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0501.
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Abstract The given project is to benchmark typical preparation methods under the aspect of the influence of initial intrinsic stresses inside electric components. Raman spectroscopy has been applied as well as the piezo resistive readout on a specifically designed model stress monitoring chip.
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Singh, Kamaljit, Sudhanshu Sharma, and J. P. Sharma. "Antifriction Bearing Sleeves for Diagnostics and Energy Harvesting." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41152.
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Roller ball bearings are the most common and one of the most important components in rotating machinery. Bearings, in general produce vibrations which can be harvested to produce energy and analysis of these vibrations can also be used to determine the condition of ball bearing. In this paper we discuss how to use the bearings for energy harvesting and conditioning monitoring in machines. A sleeve, padded with piezoelectric material, is designed to solve the dual purpose. Piezo electric materials have the ability to generate an electric field or electric potential in response to applied mechanical strain. Tests are conducted on the good and defective bearings to study the effectiveness of the sleeve. Phase fluctuation based processors are found to be effective in ball bearing condition monitoring. For condition monitoring the signature responses for a given time period are studied. At a constant speed of increase in load leads to an increase in voltage generated. For a single non-coated piezo film, voltage varies from 383 mV at 80 lbf to 683 mV at 320 lbf at 40Hz. With the increased stacking of non-coated piezo films at 320 lbf, voltage generated shows an increase of 23 %. Nano-coating mixture (Ferrofluid and Zinc oxide nanoparticles) causes an additional piezoelectric effect on the surface of piezo film as ZnO acts as an additional source of electrons, due to its ability to emit charges at room temperature. The single piezo film configuration at 320 lbf generates a voltage of 663 mV while the voltage increases 2.1 times for a single nano-coated piezo film. Introduction of defects causes increases in the contact stress at the asperities leading to an increase in the vibrations and forces. Also, an increase in vibration and force, leads to an increase in the voltage generated. For a single piezo film configuration, in a normal bearing, the voltage generated is 663 mV while a defective bearing gives a voltage of 698 mV.
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Tzou, H. S., and P. Smithmaitrie. "Sensor Electromechanics and Distributed Signal Analysis of Piezo(Electric)-Elastic Spherical Shells Based on the Bending Approximation." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21494.
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Abstract Spatially distributed modal voltages and sensing signal generations of a distributed piezoelectric sensor layer laminated on spherical shells of revolution are investigated in this study. The generic sensing signal equation is derived based on the direct piezoelectric effect, the Gauss theory, the open-circuit assumption, the Maxwell equation, and also the generic double-curvature thin shell theory. Due to difficulties in analytical solution procedures, assumed mode shape functions based on the bending approximation theory are used in the modal signal expressions and analyses. Spatially distributed electromechanical characteristics resulting from various meridional and circumferential membrane/bending strain components are evaluated and major signal sources are identified. Analytical results suggest that the spatially distributed modal voltages clearly illustrate the distinct modal behavior, similar to mode shapes. The major signal source of a free-edge hemispherical shell is the circumferential bending component. Accordingly, circumferential layout of distributed sensor strips would provide effective monitoring and diagnosis of free hemispheric shells.
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Gru¨nbichler, Hannes, Josef Kreith, Rau´l Bermejo, Peter Supancic, and Robert Danzer. "Investigation of the Behavior of Multilayer Piezoelectric Actuators: Modeling and Experiments." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-445.
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Modern smart piezoelectrics such as low-voltage multilayer piezoelectric actuators consist of stacks of piezo-ceramic layers with interdigitated metallic electrodes in between. During their technical application mechanical stresses are an inherent loading scenario of such electro-mechanical converter components. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the coupled phenomena among the field-type quantities such as mechanical stress, electrical field strength and temperature is absolutely necessary to guarantee demanded structural and functional integrity. A theoretical simulation is the only way to obtain these physical relevant field-quantities within piezo-electric devices. Hence, for FE-analysis of the highly nonlinear material behavior of piezoelectrics, basic modeling parameters have to be determined. Usually, such constitutive laws implemented into FEA-tools are parameterized by experiments as realized in this work.
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Tzou, H. S., D. W. Wang, and W. K. Chai. "Control of Conical Shells Laminated With Full and Diagonal Actuators." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21272.
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Abstract Nozzles, rocket fairings and many engineering structures/components are often made of conical shells. This report focuses on the finite element modeling, analysis, and control of conical shells laminated with distributed actuators. Electromechanical constitutive equations and governing equations of a generic piezo(electric)elastic continuum are defined first, followed by strain-displacement relations and electric field-potential relations of laminated shell composites. Finite element formulation of a piezoelastic shell element with non-constant Lamé parameters is briefly reviewed; element and system matrix equations of the piezoelastic shell sensor/actuator/structure laminate are derived. The system equation reveals the coupling of mechanical and electric fields, in which the electric force vector is often used in distributed control of shells. Finite element eigenvalue solutions of conical shells are compared with published numerical results first. Distributed control of the conical shell laminated with piezoelectric shell actuators is investigated and control effects of three actuator configurations are evaluated.
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Leang, Kam K., Gina Pannozzo, Qinze Zou, and Santosh Devasia. "A Collaborative Approach to Teach Modeling and Control of Smart Actuators in the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41839.
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In this article, we describe a collaborative approach to develop, integrate, and assess a teaching module on smart actuators specifically designed to embed topics in nano/bio technology into the undergraduate mechanical engineering (ME) curriculum. The collaboration involves three universities, each focusing on one specific aspect of the module. The module consists of lectures and laboratory activities that cover modeling and control of smart actuators for courses such as system dynamics, controls, and mechatronics. The integration of smart actuators — such as piezoelectric, shape memory alloy (SMA), and magnetostrictive based devices — into the ME curriculum is important because these devices are the workhorse in a multitude of nano and bio technologies. Thus, these devices play a critical role in the emerging areas, analogous to the benefits of the electric motor at the macroscale. But contrast to the well established coverage of the electric motor in the ME curriculum, modeling and control of smart actuators has yet to be systematically presented in core ME courses. The contribution of this article is presenting the systematic development, integration, and assessment of a teaching module on smart actuators. We first describe the design of lecture components using the piezo actuator as an example. The lecture materials cover core concepts within the framework of dynamics and controls, such as electromechanical coupling, dynamic response, nonlinear input-output behavior, and PID feedback control technique for high-precision positioning. Afterwards, we describe the development of a hands-on laboratory experiment designed to expose students to the basics of experimental modeling of the piezo actuator. The platform is also suited for basic control applications, and an example is presented to illustrate the application of piezo actuator control for high-precision positioning. The paper concludes with a discussion on how the module will be implemented and assessed at the three participating universities.
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Subramaniam, Mohankumar, Joshuva A, Shridhar Anaimuthu, Nandakumar Selvaraju, and S. Jenoris Muthiya. "A Machine Learning Approach for Vibration Signal Based Fault Classification on Hydraulic Braking System through C4.5 Decision Tree Classifier and Logistic Model Tree Classifier." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0496.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Car hydraulic brakes are important safety components for passengers and are thus the good condition of brakes are essential for braking. By using the vibrational signatures, the state of the brake components can be determined. In this proposed study, electronic condition monitoring is suggested as a possible solution to such issues by using a machine learning method with a piezo-electric transducer and a dynamic data acquisition system. Ford EcoSport setup was used to acquire the vibration signals for both good and bad braking conditions. The mathematical Descriptive statistical features from the vibration signals were obtained and the feature selection has been done with the C4.5 decision tree classifier. The appropriate number of features needed to classify a particular problem is not determined by a specific method. A thorough study is, therefore, necessary to find the right number of features. The fault analysis of the Ford EcoSport hydraulic braking system has been established through the use of the C4.5 decision tree classifier and logistic model tree (LMT) classifier.</div></div>
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Ebrahimi, Babak, Amir Khajepour, and Todd Deaville. "Automotive Glass Exciter Technology for Acoustic Application." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34526.
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This paper discusses the modeling and analysis of a novel audio subwoofer system for automotive applications using the automobile windshield glass. The use of a piezo-electric actuator coupled with a mechanical amplifier linked to a large glass panel provides a highly efficient method of producing sound. The proposed subwoofer system has the advantage over existing conventional systems of not only reducing the weight of the automobile, but also a significant power savings resulting in an increase of expected fuel economy. Among various design challenges, the glass-sealing design is of huge importance, as it affects the system dynamic response and so the output sound characteristics. The main goal in this manuscript is to evaluate different glass-sealing design configurations by providing a comprehensive Finite Element model of the system. To do so, a comprehensive, yet simplified FE model is developed, and experimental studies are performed in the component level to fine-tune and verify the model. Harmonic response of the system for each sealing configuration design is obtained in the frequency range of 0–200 Hz, and the results are compared and discussed. The finite element model is also beneficial in preliminary design of other components as well as the exciter placement, and predicting the performance of the overall system.
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Orzechowski, Pawel K., Steve Gibson, and Tsu-Chin Tsao. "Disturbance Rejection by Optimal Feedback Control in a Laser Beam Steering System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60253.
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This paper presents an optimal control design and experimental implementation for pointing and disturbance rejection in a laser steam steering system. The linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, which includes a stochastic disturbance model, as well as integral action, was designed and implemented to compensate for disturbances due to atmospheric turbulence in the optical path and mechanical vibration of the laser and optical components. The control design also considers the situation where the stochastic disturbances applied to the two beam axes are correlated and renders a multi-input-multi-output (2-by-2) output feedback controller. The experimental system consists of a two-axis tilt mirror driven by piezo-electric actuators for controlling the laser beam, a second actuated tilt mirror to generate disturbances, a position sensing device that senses the location of the beam on a target plane, and a real time computer for digital control. System identification is used to determine a state space model of the beam steering system for use in control system design. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the LQG optimal disturbance rejection for the prescribed stochastic disturbances.
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Gee, Anthony E. "Piezo Stepping and Fine Positioning Control for Optical Instruments and Processes." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.tub9.
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Where an optical component is to be automatically positioned either during fabrication or in a working instrument, an active optical-mechanical interface is required. For direct electro-mechanical displacement control to within sub-micron accuracy, piezo-electric actuators may be utilised and their range extended by 'microstepping' action. An arrangement is described in which piezo-electric actuator elements are employed for step generation and for fine automatic feedback control between steps. Prior to each step the residual error correction in the fine control element is transferred to the stepper element thereby accommodating cumulative corrections of errors of run.